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Monroe County Community Health Almanac 2013

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Monroe County Community Health Almanac 2013 Monroe County Community Health Almanac 2013 2 FROM THE ADMINISTRATOR Welcome to the 2013 edition of the Monroe County Community Health Almanac! We hope this almanac will become a primary resource for anyone interested in public health in the Florida Keys, everyone from health care professionals and grant writers to the media and the man/woman on the street. We plan to update and expand this document every year with the help of information supplied to us through local, state and federal agencies. Hopefully, you’ll find the almanac informational, useful and thought-provoking and in line with the department’s mission of protecting, promoting and improving the health of residents and visitors in Monroe County. Environmentally speaking, Monroe County is one of the healthiest places anyone could live, with clean air, an average year-round temperature of 77 degrees, more than 250 days of sunshine every year and plenty of activities on both land and sea to exercise body and invigorate spirit. “Small-town island living is both what initially draws people here and, later, what anchors them,” Claudia Miller wrote in Florida Travel & Leisure magazine in November 2012. “Most residents, after they tell you how they came and fell in love with the Keys, will conclude: ‘I just never left.’” Reading through this almanac, you’ll find that lifestyle plays the leading role in determining the state of public health in this self-proclaimed paradise. Our editorial team took a holistic approach to researching and compiling information on each of the public health issues profiled in this assessment. In the section on alcohol use, for example, we wanted to know more than just how many men and women in Monroe County are binge drinkers. We approached this public health issue as it’s related to, among other things: commerce (number of alcoholic beverage licenses), prevention (alcohol use among youth) and risky behavior (alcohol-related motor vehicle accidents and arrests). Taking a holistic approach introduces readers to the idea that there’s much more to public health than nurses giving flu shots and inspectors ensuring that our water is safe to drink. Public health is all around us every day and draws on resources that are both traditional — county health departments, hospitals, clinics, doctor’s offices, etc. — and not-so- traditional — law enforcement agencies, not-for-profits, faith-based groups, businesses, civic groups and more. Public health can be a strong unifying, persuasive and influential force within a community. I hope that the information in this almanac will get people talking and, more importantly, spark a movement toward establishing more broad-based partnerships that will consider the most pressing public health concerns that we face in the Florida Keys from all angles — everything from research and educational outreach to public service and policy and systems change. Certainly, there’s room to expand on the research that’s contained in this document. We’re glad to work with community partners to drill down further into existing data to discover even more about the health of our community, as well as strike out in new and uncharted territory. I thank all of our partners at the local, state and federal levels for supplying us with the information contained herein. We will surely contact all of them in the near future as we prepare for the 2014 edition of this almanac. Some of the key findings from our research appear in the Executive Summary that follows. If you have any questions, concerns, constructive feedback or contributions to future editions of this almanac, please do not hesitate to contact our Public Information Office at (305) 809-5653. To your good health! Bob Eadie Administrator Monroe County Health Department 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY DEMOGRAPHICS & SOCIOECONOMICS Geography impacts our health and access to health care. Monroe County is made up of two regions, specifically a largely uninhabited portion of Everglades National Park (mainland Monroe) and a 125-mile-long chain of islands known as the Florida Keys. The bulk of the population lives in communities strung out along the Florida Keys, with one road and more than 60 bridges serving as the primary means for people to move between population centers along the island chain. Living on the water makes us potentially more vulnerable to injuries related to boating, scuba diving and drowning, as well as health problems associated with algae blooms, red tides and fish kills. Living at or near sea level makes our communities more vulnerable to the injury and destruction that strong winds and high seas can bring with approaching tropical storms and hurricanes. Monroe County is a “tropical” climate: Year-round warm temperatures, a majority of days with sunshine and heavy seasonal moisture leave us potentially more vulnerable to heat exhaustion, skin cancer and mosquito-borne illness. We are an aging population. Monroe County’s population dropped approximately 8 percent between 2000 and 2010. While there were significant decreases in the 0-54 subpopulation groups, there were significant increases in the 55-plus subpopulation groups. As “Baby Boomers” continue to enter the retirement force and select Florida as their retirement destination of choice, we expect to see more people ages 65 and above either retiring in place or arriving from other communities elsewhere in the world. Currently, one assisted living facility and two nursing homes serve the needs of aging populations with special care needs in the Florida Keys. Special populations play a major role in shaping our demographics and way of life. Monroe County’s full-time resident population of just over 73,000 people lives in communities that cater largely to the 3 million “day trippers” and short- and long-term visitors who pass through the Florida Keys every year. As a result, Monroe County residents have greater access to licensed tobacco and alcohol retailers and convenience stores than other Florida counties with similar size populations. In addition to visitors, seasonal residents, military personnel and their dependents, veterans, LGBT (lesbians, gays, bisexuals and transgendered individuals) and the homeless are sizeable populations that impact our demographics and way of life. Further local research and partnership on these populations would offer greater insight specifically into how they impact our health and health care delivery system. We would benefit from more local research on how gender, race and language impact our health and health care delivery system. Although studies on these areas have been done at the national and state levels, especially as they relate to minority health and health disparities, there’s very little data on these areas at the local level. Further research into health as it relates to gender can lay the groundwork for initiatives targeting men and women of all ages, races and sexual orientations. Additional research on health as it relates to race can help us understand where more effort must be made to resolve any disparities that we may discover. Learning more about the language barriers that subpopulations face can help us reach people who are in need of health services who cannot express their needs in English. Our cost of living is high. Although our per capita income and median income are higher than statewide rates and the percentage of our residents living at or below poverty level is lower than many other communities in the state, Monroe County residents are paying more for housing, medical care, transportation, gasoline and groceries than the residents of most other counties in Florida. Housing, in particular, is a concern: Monroe County residents are paying almost twice as much for housing than others in the state and among the highest windstorm premiums of all counties in Florida. Four out of five tourism workers (who make up approximately 55 percent of the county’s total work force) are “housing cost burdened,” paying more than 30 percent of their income into housing costs. The majority of tourism workers who leave the Florida Keys do so because of the high cost of housing. Many of our residents have little or no health insurance coverage and cannot afford the high cost of health care. Approximately 1 in 5 residents of Monroe County does not have health insurance. Very few physicians in the Florida Keys will accept state-supported health insurance for the children of low-income families (KidCare) due to the program’s low rate of reimbursement. Approximately 1 in 7 female residents of Monroe County who have babies do not have health insurance (more than 1 in 3 births are covered by Medicaid). Approximately 40 percent of tourism industry workers say that they are unhappy with their health benefits; in addition, approximately 32 percent of these workers say that the high cost of health care would be reason enough to leave the Florida Keys. 4 HEALTH RISK FACTORS Our residents have greater access to tobacco, alcohol and illegal substances than other communities in Florida. The number of active tobacco dealer licenses in Monroe County (395) is three to four times greater than the number of licenses in counties with similar size population. Approximately 22.3 percent of adults in Monroe County use tobacco (statewide rate is 19.3 percent). The number of active alcoholic beverage licenses in Monroe County (660) is three to four times greater than the number of licenses in counties with similar size population. More than 25 percent of adults in the Florida Keys are “binge” drinkers (statewide rate is 15 percent). Local law enforcement authorities file close to 1,100 substance abuse-related charges annually, everything from possessing drugs and drug-related equipment to manufacturing, smuggling, trafficking and selling drugs. Monroe County youth are experimenting with many substances (marijuana, cocaine, club drugs, depressants, prescription pain relievers, etc.) more often than youth statewide.
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