Optimizing Social Security Benefits for Your Clients
Presented by: Theodore J Sarenski, CPA/PFS, CFP, AEP
Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Today’s Speaker
Ted Sarenski, CPA/PFS, CFP®, AEP President & CEO
2 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments The Basics
Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments What is this person looking for?
We can never insure 100% of the population against 100% of the hazards and vicissitudes of life but we have tried to frame a law which will give some measure of protection to the average citizen and to his family against the loss of a job and against poverty ridden old age. 4 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Basics: Why Does Social Security Matter? • A 66 year old individual.
• The individual receives $1,250 per month of Social Security benefits with the benefits increasing each year using a 2% annual COLA.
• A pool of after-tax savings of $500,000 which is earning 7% annually.
• The individual spends $3,215 per month and increases the spending annually at a 3.5% inflation rate.
5 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Basics: Why Does Social Security Matter?
$600,000
$500,000
$400,000
$300,000 With SS Without SS
$200,000
$100,000
$0 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94
6 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Basics: SOCIAL SECURITY STATEMENTS – or – HOW DO THEY COMPUTE THAT NUMBER? • First step is to compute your Average Indexed Monthly Earnings (AIME) – Multiply your earnings or the Maximum Taxable Amount, whichever is greater, for each year since 1950 by the index amount for that year. – Add up the best 35 years indexed earnings – Divide by 420 to get your AIME • Second step is to compute your Primary Insurance Amount (PIA) – Take 90% of the first $895 of AIME, plus – 32% of the next $4,502 of AIME, plus – 15% of AIME in excess of $5,397 • This calculation is done for the year you reach age 62, whether you retire or not, and then indexed for inflation from that year.
7 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Basics: WHAT DISCOUNTS FOR TAKING SOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITS EARLIER THAN FRA?
Year of Birth Full Retirement Payment at age 62 Age 1937 or earlier 65 80% 1938 65 + 2 months 79.2% 1939 65 + 4 months 78.3% 1940 65 + 6 months 77.5% 1941 65 + 8 months 76.7% 1942 65 + 10 months 75.8% 1943 – 1954 66 75% 1955 66 + 2 months 74.2% 1956 66 + 4 months 73.3% 1957 66 + 6 months 72.5% 1958 66 + 8 months 71.7% 1959 66 + 10 months 70.8% 1960 and after 67 70%
8 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Basics: Difference in Monthly Benefit – No Time Value or COLA
AGE % of PIA Benefit at Max Social Security 62 75 $2,091 64 86.67 2,416 66 100 2,788 67 108 3,011 68 116 3,234 69 124 3,457 70 132 3,680
9 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Basics: Social Security Benefit - $2,533 100% at Age 66 versus 75% at age 62
$60,000
$50,000
$40,000
$30,000 $22,797 $30,396 $20,000
$10,000
$0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35
10 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Basics: Cumulative Difference From Age 66 to Age 95
$300,000
$250,000
$200,000
$150,000
$100,000
$50,000
$0 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95
11 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Basics: $2,533 Claimed at Age 62, 66 or 70 • Cumulative Collected from Age 62, 66 or 70
• Each to Age 95 with 2% COLA
$1,600,000 $1,418,120 $1,400,000 $1,288,165 $1,200,000 $1,139,724
$1,000,000
$800,000
$600,000
$400,000
$200,000
$0 62 66 70
12 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Some Facts
Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Facts and Figures - 2018 • Social Security maximum taxable income - $128,400
• Medicare maximum taxable income – no limit
• Earnings exempt amount before penalty of $1 of benefit for every $2 earned when under age 66 the entire year - $17,040
• Earnings exempt amount before penalty of $1 of benefit for every $3 earned in the year you become age 66 - $45,360
• Maximum monthly Social Security benefit - $2,788
14 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Social Security Statistics • Social Security is 90% or more of income to: 23.7% of all married elderly and, 42.6% of all unmarried elderly
• Social Security represents more than ½ of income 45.9% of all married elderly and, 71.0% of all unmarried elderly
• It represents 33% of income of ALL elderly
• The Poverty Rate of those 65 years of age and older: In 1960 was 35% In 2016 was 9.3% In 2016 if there was no Social Security – 43%
15 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Social Security Statistics • About 63 Million people will receive benefits in 2018 totaling $1 Trillion
• Breakdown of: 72% Retirees 16% Disabled Workers and their Dependents 12% Survivors of Deceased Workers
• Average benefit at the end of 2017 Retired Worker $1,404 Widows and Widowers, non disabled $1,301 Disabled Workers $1,197
16 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments SS Disability in Depth
Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Disability Statistics • From the Institute on Disability Awareness of the University of Vermont published January 2018
– 12.8% of the overall population in 2016 were disabled 51% of those were of working age 18 to 64 Disabilities were defined in 6 major categories Hearing Vision Ambulatory Cognitive Independent living Self-care
18 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Disability Statistics From the Council for Disability Awareness
• 24% to 26% of disabilities will last for three months or longer in a person’s work life With a 38% chance that the disability will last 5 years or longer
• Factors that increase the possibility of a disability Excess Weight, tobacco use, high risk activities or behaviors, Chronic conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, back pain, anxiety, depression, frequent alcohol consumption or substance abuse
• 90% of disabilities are caused by illnesses rather than accidents
19 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Disability Statistics • From the Social Security Administration
– Over one in four 20 year-olds will be disabled before retirement
– $1,172 was the average Social Security Disability Benefit in 2017
20 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments How to apply for social security disability • Apply online at www.ssa.gov or
• If you do not have access to the internet call 1-800-772-1213. The line is open 24/7. If you wish to speak with a person, the phone line has staff attending from 7AM to 7PM Monday to Friday.
• You will also need to complete form SSA 827 – Medical Release form
• Apply as soon as you are disabled because the process takes time. Social Security Disability Income (SSDI) does not begin paying benefits until the 6th month after the onset of the disability
21 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments How to apply for social security disability • Information you need to have available for SSA when you apply:
– Social Security number Last W-2 or Form 1040 if self-employed Direct deposit information of your banking institution Worker’s Compensation Claim information Name, address and phone number of someone who knows your condition Information about your condition Name, Address and phone numbers of all of your physicians Name and dates of all Medical Testing Procedures Medicines being taken Medical records in your possession five jobs and dates you worked in the just prior 15 year time period
22 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments How to apply for social security disability • Determination of disability is made by the Disability Determination Services (DDS) in each individual state
• Initial criteria that is reviewed is: is the applicant insured is the applicant not yet retirement age has the applicant filed an application for disability with SSA is the applicant disabled for 12 months or more or expected to be disabled for 12 months or more OR is the disability expected to result in the death of the applicant
• The SSA office of Program and Integrity Reviews may override a disability ruling of the DDS
23 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments How to apply for social security disability • What the DDS process looks at: YES NO 1. Is the person engaged in substantial gainful activity? DENY 2. Does the person have a severe medically determinable physical or mental impairment? NO YES DENY
NO YES 3. Is the impairment included in the list of impairments? DENY NO 4. Does the impairment prevent the person from doing past relevant work? DENY YES
NO 5. Does the impairment prevent the person from doing any other work? YES DENY 6. QUALIFY for Social Security Disability
24 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments What to do if denied • Request a reconsideration and submit new evidence
• To appeal a case it will be before an administrative law judge or the Appeals Council of Hearings and Appeals
• Since 1996, alcoholism or drug abuse alone will be denied as a medically determinable reason for disability benefits
• Effective April 20, 2015 you must submit ALL evidence to SSA to determine your disability. Prior to that date “material” evidence was the only requirement. With all evidence there may be some evidence that does not support the application for disability
• Attorney-Client privilege applies to SSDI as it would in a court of law
25 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Work required to qualify If you become disabled... Then you generally need:
In or before the quarter you turn age 24 1.5 years of work during the three-year period ending with the quarter your disability began.
In the quarter after you turn age 24 but before the Work during half the time for the period beginning quarter you turn age 31 with the quarter after you turned 21 and ending with the quarter you became disabled. Example: If you become disabled in the quarter you turned age 27, then you would need three years of work out of the six-year period ending with the quarter you became disabled.
In the quarter you turn age 31 or later Work during five years out of the 10-year period ending with the quarter your disability began.
26 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Compassionate allowances • https://www.ssa.gov/compassionateallowances/conditions.htm
• Is the website to visit to review the over 225 compassionate allowances
• Compassionate Allowances are a way to quickly identify diseases and other medical conditions that, by definition, meet Social Security's standards for disability benefits. These conditions primarily include certain cancers, adult brain disorders, and a number of rare disorders that affect children.
• The wait time for an applicant that has a condition listed in the compassionate allowances is greatly reduced as it immediately qualifies for SSDI benefits
27 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments How Much will a disabled person receive? • Using the work history just prior to the disability, Social Security applies the same formula they use for a retired person’s calculation
• Determine the Average Indexed Monthly Earnings (AIME) for the worker
• Calculate the Primary Insurance Amount (PIA) for the person by taking: 90% of the first $895 of AIME 32% of the AIME between $895 and $5,327 15% of the AIME over $5,327
28 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Who Else can receive benefits of the disabled worker? • Family Maximum for SS Disability Benefits
– 85% of the worker’s Average Indexed Monthly Earnings (AIME)
– HOWEVER – it cannot be less than the worker’s Primary Insurance Amount (PIA) nor more than 150% of the PIA
– Example: a worker’s AIME is $1,800. The worker would receive a disability payment of $1,020.80 on his/her own. 85% of AIME is $1,530; 150% of PIA is $1,531.20 ($1020.80 X 150%). Therefore, spouse and children could receive the additional $509.20. ($1,530 - $1020.80)
• Eligible people include: Spouse (85%) Children (50%) Ex-Spouse (85%) 29 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Can benefits be reduced or changed? • Worker’s Compensation Benefits and State Disability Benefits can reduce the amount of SSDI collected if the total of the SSDI, Worker’s Compensation and State Disability benefits are more than 80% of the average current earnings of the disabled person just prior to the disability.
• Excluded in determining SSDI reductions are: VA Benefits Needs Based benefits Private Pensions Private disability insurance
• IF Worker’s Compensation is paid in a lump sum SS will estimate what the prorated monthly amount would have been and adjust accordingly
30 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Trial work period • Social Security encourages people to attempt to go back to work by offering a 9 month work trial period
• The 9 months do not have to be consecutive within a 5 year time window
• Disability benefits will not be reduced or ended during the trial work period
• The maximum earnings during the trial work period so as not to affect a disability benefit is $850 per month
31 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Children with disabilities • Supplemental Security Income (SSI) is available to children prior to the age of 22 who are disabled as a child • Similar to determining an adult to be disabled, a child is determined to be disabled if he or she has physical or mental marked and severe functional limitations that very seriously limit the child’s activities AND that limitation is expected to last at least 12 months • Doctors, teachers, therapists and other professionals who have information on the child are contacted to submit information • The SSA may ask for an independent medical examination of the child that will be paid for by the SSA • The amount of SSI benefit varies depending on the state of residence • Income and resources of the child and of the family members living in the same household are taken onto account as SSI has income limitations
32 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Children with disabilities • Disability of a child will be determined immediately for the following conditions: Total Blindness Total Deafness Cerebral Palsy Downs Syndrome Muscular Dystrophy Sever Intellectual disability (only determined after age 4) Symptomatic HIV Infection Birthweight of 2lbs 10oz or less
• A review of the disabled child will be made every 3 years
• Medicaid is the medical coverage immediately with SSI and will continue for 9 years beyond the time that the child is determined to NOT be disabled
33 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Children with Disabilities • At age 18, different medical and income rules are applied and the child is then determined an adult and the adult disability rules apply
• The largest difference is that only the income of the child is used rather than the income of the total household before the child became 18 years of age
• The adult/child will then qualify for SSDI if they have a parent who is currently collecting Social Security benefits or a deceased parent who had the proper number of quarters of coverage to qualify for Social Security benefits
• Income of the adult/child is limited to $1,820 per month to an annual limit of $7,350 to be able to collect full SSDI
34 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments How to Advise
Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Same Age, Same Benefit, Starting at Age 62, 66 or 70 and both dying at age 75, 85 or 95
2,500,000 2,133,389 1,947,268 2,000,000 1,711,217
1,500,000 1,166,274 1,180,985 1,077,187
1,000,000 557,062 525,587 399,683 500,000
-
Age 75 Age 85 Age 95
Start at Age 62 Start at Age 66 Start at Age 70
36 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Same Age, Same Benefit, Starting at Age 62, 66 or 70, One dies at Age 75
1,400,000 1,236,427 1,266,536
1,134,139 1,200,000
1,000,000 845,930 817,124 790,334 800,000
557,062 525,587 600,000 399,683 400,000
200,000
- Age 75 Age 85 Age 95
Start at Age 62 Start at Age 66 Start at Age 70
37 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Same Age, Same Benefit, Starting at Age 62, 66 or 70, One dies at Age 85
1,800,000 1,657,187 1,556,771 1,600,000 1,394,202 1,400,000 1,166,274 1,180,985 1,200,000 1,077,187
1,000,000
800,000
557,062 525,587 600,000 399,683 400,000
200,000
- Age 75 Age 85 Age 95
Start at Age 62 Start at Age 66 Start at Age 70
38 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Same Age, Different benefit, Starting at age 62, 66 or 70, and both dying at age 75, 85 or 95
2,000,000 1,813,380 1,655,178 1,800,000
1,600,000 1,457,234
1,400,000
1,200,000 991,333 1,003,837 918,309 1,000,000
800,000
600,000 476,203 446,749 339,730 400,000
200,000
- Age 75 Age 85 Age 95
Start at Age62 Start at Age 66 Start at Age 70
39 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Same age, Different Benefit, Starting at Age 62, 66 or 70 One dies at age 75
1,400,000 1,206,583 1,157,589 1,200,000 1,053,280
1,000,000 767,092 736,265 730,381 800,000
600,000 476,203 446,749
339,730 400,000
200,000
- Age 75 Age 85 Age 95
Start at Age 62 Start at Age 66 Start at Age 70
40 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Same Age, Different benefit, Starting at age 62, 66 or 70 One dies at age 85
1,480,039 1,600,000 1,381,830
1,400,000 1,235,324
1,200,000 991,333 1,003,837 918,309 1,000,000
800,000
600,000 476,203 446,749 339,730 400,000
200,000
- Age 75 Age 85 Age 95
Start at Age 62 Start at Age 66 Start at Age 70
41 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Low or No Wage Earner married to worker with FRA benefit of $2,000, both the same age
$1,460,448 $1,600,000.00 $1,470,744 $1,296,912 $1,400,000.00
$1,200,000.00
$874,704 $1,000,000.00 $821,388 $814,164
$800,000.00 $431,292 62 $600,000.00 $394,188 66 $275,532 $400,000.00 70
$200,000.00
$0.00 75 85 95
42 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Low or No Wage Earner married to worker with FRA benefit of $2,000, both the same age, one dies at age 75
$1,142,388 $1,200,000 $1,101,532 $1,008,372
$1,000,000
$714,529 $800,000 $691,356 $666,192 62 $600,000 66 $431,292 70 $394,188 $400,000 $275,532
$200,000
$- 75 85 95
43 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Low or No Wage Earner married to worker with FRA benefit of $2,000, both the same age, one dies at age 85
$1,265,208 $1,290,360 $1,400,000 $1,138,404 $1,200,000
$874,704 $1,000,000 $821,388 $814,164 62 $800,000 66 70 $600,000
$400,000
$200,000
$- 85 95
44 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Low or No Wage Earner married to worker with FRA benefit of $2,000, Low or No Wage Earner 4 years younger
$1,504,056 $1,600,000 $1,370,040 $1,400,000 $1,268,652
$1,200,000
$819,828 $1,000,000 $771,264 $832,596 $800,000 62 $600,000 $369,768 $363,228 66 $400,000 $269,772 70
$200,000
$- 75 85 95
45 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Low or No Wage Earner married to worker with FRA benefit of $2,000, Low or No Wage Earner 4 years older
$1,377,684 $1,394,280 $1,351,428 $1,400,000
$1,200,000
$1,000,000 $839,172 $806,808 $751,440 $800,000
62 $600,000 $418,932 66 $338,496 $400,000 70 $224,076
$200,000
$- 75 85 95
46 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Other Topics
Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Divorce • Married for at least 10 years
• Been divorced for at least 2 years
• Ex-spouse signing up for benefits is not a requirement
• Not re-married before age 60, UNLESS
– Subsequent marriage ended in divorce
– Subsequent marriage ended in death (not caused by survivor)
48 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Other Issues: Death (Survivor) Benefits • Family benefits with a family maximum limit
• The maximum family benefit is computed using a 4-tier formula instead of the usual 3-tier formula. When hitting the maximum family benefit, each beneficiary is reduced proportionately.
– 2016 bend points:
– 150% of the first $1,093 of the worker’s PIA
– 272% of the worker’s PIA over $1,093 up to $1,578
– 134% of the worker’s PIA over $1,578 up to $2,058
– 175% of the worker’s PIA over $2,058
49 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Other Issues: Death (Survivor) Benefits • Lump sum death benefit - $255
• Benefit based on the insured worker’s PIA at date of death
• Eligible people include:
– Widow or widower – Age 60 (100%) OR any age (75%) if caring for the deceased’s child under age 16 or disabled
– Surviving divorced spouse – (happiest person) (100%)
– Unmarried children – under age 18 or up to 19 if still in high school (75%)
– Dependent parents – 62 or older who were dependent on the deceased for more than ½ of their support (2 – 75% each; 1-82.5%)
50 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Repay and Reapply • Withdraw your Social Security application and repay all of the benefits received in one lump sum, no interest! (Including spousal and/or children’s benefits)
• As of December 8, 2010, only allowed within 1 year of beginning benefits and only once per lifetime.
• You will likely advise this for a new client who made a decision before meeting with you to discuss the options for Social Security. Not unlike hearing they made a taxable transaction that they tell you about after-the-fact during tax time; except this is reversible!
51 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Windfall Eliminations Provision • Affects any worker who earned a pension in a job in which they did not pay Social Security taxes and also worked in a job that qualifies them for Social Security benefits.
• The percentage of the first bend point of the AIME calculation is reduced from 90% to 40% but the Social Security benefit cannot be reduced by more than ½ of such pension received.
52 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Government Pension Offset • Affects federal employees hired before 1984 who continued to opt out of the Social Security system.
• Spousal or widow/widower Social Security benefit is reduced by 2/3 of the government pension being received by the individual.
• Only the government employee is affected, not the non- government employee spouse. my Social Security
Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments How to set up a my Social Security account
• Go to: https://www.ssa.gov/myaccount/
• Then click on: Sign In or Create an Account
• You will be at: https://secure.ssa.gov/RIL/SiView.do
• Just follow the simple steps!
55 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Questions?
Personal Financial Planning and Tax Sections Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments AICPA PFP Section Member Resources
PFP Section members, inclusive of CPA/PFS credential holders, have access to resources on the latest planning strategies and trends in personal financial planning services so that they can practice competently and profitably. Visit aicpa.org/pfp/resources.
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57 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments Upcoming PFP Section Events Webcasts (4 free events per year with CPE for PFP/PFS members) August 7 Tax reform readiness: Effectively hold a client tax planning 1-2:15pm ET meeting August 13 Tax planning developments & opportunities under the new tax act 1-2:15pm ET August 29 An In-Depth Look at Optimal Rebalancing Strategies 1-2:15pm ET
Conferences January 2019 AICPA Personal Financial Planning Leadership Summit June 10-13, 2019 ENGAGE AICPA Advanced PFP Conference Advanced Estate Planning Conference Tax Strategies for the High Net Worth Individual • For the full calendar of upcoming PFP Section events, visit aicpa.org/pfp/events.
• PFP/PFS Members can access the archives (no CPE) for free at aicpa.org/pfp/library. 58 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments CPA/PFS News and Events • PFS Referral Program – Receive 100% credit to apply toward future CPA/PFS dues by referring a CPA to become a PFS or sit for the PFS exam • PFS Exam – Register now for upcoming exam windows – Discounts, sponsorships and volume pricing available • Education Opportunities – PFP certificate program: in-depth courses in estate, retirement, tax, investments, insurance, and PFP process – In-person and online PFP Boot Camp – Self-study PFS exam review course • Learn more at aicpa.org/pfs
59 Personal Financial Planning Section Tax | Retirement | Estate | Risk Management | Investments