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Of Margaret Atwood's Novels the Edible Wom- and Bodily Ham INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced fmm the microfilm master. UMI films the text directiy from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typevuriter face, while othen may be from any type of cornputer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon thquality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a camplete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproducad by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and wntinuing from left to right in equal sections with small ovedaps. Photographs included in the original manuscript have ben reproduœd xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographie prints are avaiiable for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI direcüy to order. Bell & Howell Information and Leaming 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbr, MI 481W-1346 USA Reading Hidden Layers: A Genetic Analysis of the Drafts of Margaret Atwood's novels The Edible Wom- and Bodily Ham Helmut Reic henbacher A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Ph.D. Graduate Department of English University of Toronto O Copyright by Helmut Reichenbacher 1998 National Library Bibliothèque nationale I*I of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395, nie Wellington OttawaON K1AON4 Ottawa ON KIA ON4 Canada Canada Your hk, Votre relerence Our bk, Notre relerenco The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sel1 reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/film, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. ABSTRACT "Reading Hidden Layers: A Genetic Analysis of the Drafts of Margaret Atwood's novels The Edible Woman and Bodilv Harm" Ph.D Thesis, 1998, Helmut Reichenbacher, Department of English, University of Toronto Margaret Atwood's creative technique as a novelist is the subject of this thesis, which considers two of her novels, the Edible Woman (1969) and Eodil~Harm (1981). The dissertation investigates Atwood's process of writing, from the earliest extant drafts of the novels to the final, published product. Genetic criticism. the methodology applied in analysing the manuscript material, studies textual venions without privileging a " best" or de finit ive version. This methodology traces the creative process by reviewing al1 ddtmaterials pertaining to a work in order to establish a genetic dossier. The analysis presented in the thesis is based on manuscript materials collected in the Margaret Atwood Papers at the Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, University of Toronto. The materials in this collection have never been used for any systematic, extended study of Atwood's creative technique. A comparison of Atwood's first published novel, The Edible Woman, with Bodilv Harm clearly demonstrates contrasting techniques of composition. The thesis contains a genetic dossier for each novel, cataloguing al1 materials relevant to their creation and in each case establishing their c hronological sequence. The genetic dossier for The Edible Woman is followed by a chapter which demonstrates Atwood's systematic removal of material from this text so as to create narrative gaps which the audience is expected to fill. The chapter documents Atwood's manipulation of characten' names, shows how Marian's fear and her own insiglits into her emotional state disappear fiorn the drafis, and reveals how relationships between Marian and other key characten are reconfigured. In contrast, the analysis of Bodil~Harm shows how Ahvood composes her 198 1 novel by constantly adding material, creating a dense web of motivic structures for readers to investigate. in analysing this novel's construction throuçh accretion, key events are highlighted through the use of title and setting, the structural changes within the novel's first section, and the novel's ending. Despite the numerous collections of contemporary literary manuscripts in Canada, this analytical tool has rarely been used. The study contributes to Canadian literary criticism by offering new insights into the interpretation of the two novels, and a new methodology tnuisferable to the exploration of other collections. Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 GENETIC CRITICISM AND ATWOOD'S MANUSCRIPTS .....................................1 PROJECTAND GOAL................................................................................................... 1 CONTRIBUTIONOF THIS STUDY....................................................................................... 24 CHAPTER 2 THE GENETIC DOSSIER FOR THE EDlBLE WOMAN .....................,.. .......... 26 STAGEONE: ISOLATED PIECESOF WRITING................................................................... 29 "Food": Fragment MS .a ........................................................................................ 30 "The Fight between Me and Them " and "I'mNot Really What You 'd Cal[ Fat": Fragments MS .b and MS .c .........................................................................................31 "Life With the Real Me ": Fragment MS.d ................................................................32 "The Game ": Fragment MS .e ..................................................................................32 "Are You the Wooman Who Washes ": MS .f and TSSJ............................................. 33 " The Interviewer ": MSg ..........................................................................................35 STAGETWO: THE PROTO-VERSION OF THE EDIBLE WOMAN, FRAGMENT TS.AA .......... 36 STAGETHREE: THE FIRST TWO FULL-LENGTH VERSIONS, MS .A AND TS .B .................38 STAGEFOUR: TS .C AND THE COMPLETIONOF THE NOVEL............................................ 41 CHAPTER 3 CREATING GAPS: THE GENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE EDIBLE WOMAN .... 51 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................... 51 The PoZitics ofNaming ..............................................................................................53 Naming the Protagonist ............................................................................................. 56 THEPROTAGONIST'S PSYCHOLOGY ............................................................................... -64 The Mingof Fear ................................................................................................... 64 Introspection and Self-recognition ........................................................................... -79 Mental lmbalance ....................................,....................................................... -95 REBALANCINGPOWER POLITICS ................................................................................. 109 Marian and her Room-mate ..................................................................................... 110 Marian and Peter .....................................................................................................115 Marian and Duncan ................................................................................................. 122 THEEXPLICIT VERSUS THE IMPLICIT............................................................................ -135 Final Words ............................................................................................................. 142 CHAPTER 4 THE GENETIC DOSSIER FOR BODILY HARM ...................................................145 THEFIRST HOLOGRAPH DRAFT (MS.A) ......................................................................146 THESECOND DRAFT. A TYPESCRIPT(TS.B) ................................................................. 147 VARIOUSFRAGMENTS ................................................................................................... 147 THETHIRD DRAFT (TS.C) ............................................................................................149 THEFOURTH DRAFT (TS.D) ........................................................................................149 THEFIFTH DRAFT (TS .E). ............................................................................................. I51 THESIXTH DRAFT (TS.F) .............................................................................................152 THESEVENTH DRAFT (TS.G) ........................................................................................153 THEEIGHT DRAFT (TS.H) ...........................................................................................154
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