JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY CIRCULARS

Published with the approbation of the Board of Trustees

VOL. V.—No. 46.] BALTIMORE, JANUARY, 1886. [PRICE, 10 CENTS.

RECENT PUBLICATIONS. Photograph of the Normal Solar Spectrum. Made Reproduction in Phototype of a Syriac Manuscript by PROFESSOR H. A. ROWLAND. (Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University, 1886). (Williams MS.) with the Antilegomena Epistles. Edited by IsAAC H. HALL. (Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University, 1886). [Froma letter to Science, New York, December 18, 1885]. The photographic map of the spectrum, upon which Professor Rowland [Froman article by I. H. Hall in the Journal of the Society of Biblical Literature and has expended so much hard work during the past three years, is nearly Exegesis for 1885, with additions]. ready for publication. The map is issued in a series of seven plates, cover- In September last (1884) I announced in The Independent the discovery ing the region from wave-length 3100 to 5790. Each plate is three feet of a manuscript of the Acts and Epistles, among which occur also the long and one foot wide, and contains two strips of the spectrum, except Epistles that were antilegomena among the Syrians; namely the Second plate No. 2, which contains three. Most of the plates are on a scalethree Epistle of Peter, the Second and Third Epistles of John, and the Epistle of times that of Angstrdm’s map, and in definition are more than equal to any Jude, in the version usually printed with our Peshitto New Testaments. It map yet published, at least to wave-length 5325. The 1474 line is widely is well known that the printed copies of these Epistles in that version all double, as also are b rest upon one manuscriptonly, in the Bodleian Library at Oxford, England, 3 and b4, while E may be recognized as double by the from which they were first published by Edward Pococke (Leyden, Elzevirs) expert. In the region of the H line these photographs show even more in 1630. That edition, with various editorial conjectures, is the parent of than Lockyer’s map of that region. Negatives have also been prepared all the printed texts. In a former article in the Journal of the Society of down to and including the B group, and they may be made ready for Biblical Exegesis and Literature I have already expressed my opinion that publication, one of which shows eleven lines between the D lines. A they actually belong to the Philoxenian version. scale of wave-lengths is printed on each plate, and in no case does the By hunting over the catalogues of manuscript.s in the European libraries, error due to displacement of the scale amount to one part in fifty thousand. I found that the Pococke MS., though tIme only one practically known to the The wave-lengths of over 200 lines have been determined to within one critics, is not absolutely the only other known MS. copy containing that part in five hundred thousand, and these serve as reference lines to cor- version of these epistles. All that are known at present are about six or rect any small error in the adjustment of the scale: The great value seven in number, and are of values greatly varying; some being copies of of such a map lies not only in the fact that it gives greater detail and others, and one being nothin, more than a copy of the printed text of the is more exact than any other map in existence, but that it actually repre- Paris Polyglott. But this one found by me is the second one likely to be sents the real appearance of the spectrum in givin, the relative intensities available to the critics. and shading of groups of lines so that they are readily recognizable. The The manuscript was obtained some fifteen years ago by the late Rev. photographs were taken with a concave grating six inches in diameter, and William Frederic Williams, then missionary to Mardin, by whom it was having a radius of curvature of 21±feet, and the photographs were taken sent to his brother, Robert S. Williams, Esq, of Utica, New York, who is when the plate was placed directly opposite the grating; both the sensitive its present owner. Mr. Williams kindly placed the MS. at my service for plate and grating being perpendicular to a line joining their centres, and examination and study; when I discovered the nature of its contents. Just placed at a distance apart equal to the radius of curvature of the grating, where the MS. was obtained it is now impossible to say, as Mr. Williams’ the slit being on the circumference of the circle, whose diameter is the missionary work kept him on continual journeys. It was obtained from an distance between the grating and plate. With this arrangement, the spec- aged priest, who probably parted with it only because he was unable to read it. trum is photographed normal for wave-lengths without the intervention of The MS. is written on cotton paper, charta damascena., in a rather western any telescopes or lens systems; and a suitable scale of equal parts applied Syrian hand, in two columns to the page, and regularly twenty-five lines to such a photograph at once gives relative wave-lengths. to the column. One leaf, the first, is now gone; but it origi~ially contained Few persons have any idea of the perseverance and patience required to 150 leaves (of its proper matter), and two leaves more for a poem at the bring such a task to a successful issue. More than a year was devoted to end. The size of the leaf is 10±by 7±inches; of the columns, 8±by 5 preliminary experiments designed to discover the best mode of preparing inches. The quires are quisciones in the first part of the book, but in the the plates for the particular regions to be photo,raphed. Hundreds of latter part they are quaternioaes, except the last, which is a ternio. While preparations were tested to find their influence on the sensitized plate, and most of the manuscript is written on paper of double thickness, some por- the whole literature of photography was ransacked, and every method tested tions are written on paper of single thickness, which, probably from the to the utmost, before the work of taking the negatives could begin. glazing, has a darker color than the rest, and allows the ink to show through. The prices of the plates have been fixed as follows: But all is of the same age, as appears by many proofs. A later hand has For the set of seven plates unmounted, $10; mounted on cloth, $12. numbered the folios, in Syriac numerals. The MS. appears to be in its Single plates, $2 each; mounted on cloth, $2.25. A prospectus will be sent original binding (except a new back), leather, with a flap the board within on application. (See p. 39 of Oircmdar 45). the leather being composed of older Syriac MSS. 42 JOHNS HOPKINS [No. 46.

The contents of the MS. are as follows: Tables to find the movable feasts, church-lesson titles and numbers within these books show also that the and also of the church-lessons from the Acts and Epistles; then the Acts antilegomena were read in church, by those who used the system here given. and Catholic Epistles, and the Pauline Epistles, in the usual order, ending It may be added for the sake of those who wish to know the space occupied with Hebrews. At the end of the Epistles is a colophon which says that it by these Epistles in the MS., that 2 Peter begins on fol. 57, b, col. 2, at the was finished at noon on Thursday, the fonrth of the sultry month Tammuz, middle, and ends at fol. 60, 6, col. 2, near the top; 2 John begins at fol. 64, in the year of the Greeks 1782; which answers to our July 4th, 1471; b, col. 1, one-third of tIme way down; 3 John begins at fol. 65, a, col. 1, one- which day indeed fell on a Thursday. After the colophon follows a poem fourth of the way down; Jude at fol 65, b, one-third of the way down, and of 128 lines, all ending with the same syllable (but hardly rhyming accord- ends at fol. 66, 6, one-third of the way down the page, its writing on this ing to our ideas), consisting of a hymn to the Trinity, and a narrative of the last page not running in columns, but carrying the lines across the page. construction of the manuscript. The scribe conceals his own name, but The titles and subscriptions to these Epistles are generally quite simple; shows himself to be a stranger in the land where it was written. The poem that of 2 John hem,, merely: “End. Verses forty.” is worth quoting at length for its matter. * * * * With regard to the text of these epistles, it is far better than that of the From various internal reasons I have been inclined to suppose that the Pococke Epistles, or of the (rather poor) manuscript which he used. Almost scribe was one of the St. Thomas, or Malabar Syriac Christians, on a visit all the places where Pococke saw error and lied to emend, or to suggest to his western brethren; one of a set like those later comers, who wrote the emendation, conjecturally, are right in this MS. Sometimes, however, it Leiden Apocalypse and a few other MSS. extant in Europe. The poem at agrees with the Bodleian MS. against the editorial conjectures. The care- the end calls the writer a layman, and uses the far-eastern term “Sahib” to less, but easily made error of “in the world” for “amon,, the people,” for characterize one of his friends and tells who furnished the instance, 2 Peter, ii. 1, which ought never to have been suffered to get into

paper, and who paid for the writing. The prayer . . . includes other ben- the printed editions, but which is in all of them, is not in this MS. efactors; among them his two grandmothers and his mother, who brought Throughout the MS., however, the writin,,, is voweled with great fullness him up and paid the expenses ofhis education; besides a umuber of others and great care. The points qushshoyo and ruchocho, which show the hard or whom he specifies by name as having helped him in his place of exile, and soft sounds of the begedkepat letters are supplied in red. And the text. gen- been “diligent to establish his living without impediment.” Another part erally is excellent among Syriac texts. (Of course all but the antilegomence of the poem, unfortunately mutilated in a very interesting spot, speaks of are of the Peshitto version). The margins are abundantly supplied with the compilation of the matter of the book. linguistic and grammatical notes, written some in Syriac and some in However, an Arabic note at the end of the tables at the beginning of the Arabic. The ulterior source of these notes I have not yet ascertained; some MSS. forces us to modify the conclusion naturally drawn from this poem, of them are wholly from Gregory Bar Hebriens; some in part from him and and to consider the present manuscript not the original work therein in part not. These notes treat of a great variety of matters; generally of referred to, but a contemporaneous copy thereof. The Arabic note states that vowels and points, but sometimes of differences in pronunciation between one Daftd esh Shfimi il-Homsi (David the Syrian of loins, or Hamath) had the Eastern and Western Syrians; somethnes justifying the scribe’s correc- found this excellent work, owned by Suleimfin (the name spelled Selimhn tion of a former matter, and so on. A note at Philippians, i. 15, last word, in the Syriac poem), at the city of EI-Keifa; and finding it so much better justifies the adoption of the participle instead of the imperfect tense, in than any MS. of the Acts and Catholic Epistles he ever saw (and he had accordance with antiquity and accuracy, though against most of our printed seen many), as well as containing seven Catholic Epistles, which he had copies. never seen before, and all divided into their chapters and sections, provided On the whole, this MS. is very valuable for its texts and its notes~ not with lessons, notes, etc., and its most accurately supplied vowels and points, only as a carefully edited copy of the ancient text, but as a linguistic and had brought it to Husa Keifa, and obtained a copy for his own use, made grammatical treatise. Its place is high among manuscripts, although the by Suleimhn’s own hand. Husn Keifa, as the Arabic geo~raphers give it, date of its writing is not so very remote. It is easy to see, from Pococke’s was a fortress overlooking the Tigris, either quite up in Armenia., or on the edition, that this MS. is every way superior to the Bodleian as a copy of the borders of Armenia and Mesopotamia (the doubt is not as to the site, but antilegomena epistles. But the special points of the sort can hardly be within which country that site was included). It is now known by the treated of till the collation of the MS. is completed. Kftrds of the region as Hus Keif. Husn Keifa is doubtless, therefore, the Seventeen pages of the MS. have been reproduced by the phototype pro- home both of that original which was compiled and written by the unknown cess and an introduction and brief notes have been added by the Editor. scribe, and of this its copy, which was made as appears above, with proper The price has been fixed at three dollars. A prospectus will be sent on care and under good auspices. Daild il-Homsi would not be called application. “il-Homsi” at home, in Iloms; and that fact goes against the supposition of the MS. having been brought westward by him. But where Mr. Wil- liams found the MS. is no nearer discovery than before. Two Arabic mar- Archives of Maryland. (Proceedings of the Council of ginal notes show that this copy was examined by Hassan, Qne ofthe patrons Maryland, 1636-1667.) WILLIAM HAND BROWNE, Editor. (Bal- of the original compiler and unknown scribe. The fly-leaves of the MS. timore, Maryland Historical Society, 1885). contain numerous scrawls in Syriac, Carshun, and Arabic, which give a few This volume, a quarto of nearly 600 pages, is a continuation of the pub- owners’ names; but I have not yet made out any complete history of its lication of the earliest archives of the State, provided for by the General possessors. A few of the scrawls are in Nestorian script. Assembly, and carried on under the direction of the Maryland Histom-ical Besides the scribe’s general introduction and colophon, there is a preface Society, the custodian of the original documents. It contains the proceed- to the Acts, to the Catholic Epistles as a whole, and to each of the Pauline ings of the Council of the Province during the first thirty years of its exist- Epistles. The preface to the Acts is avowedly (and the others are actually) ence, and thus runs parallel with the first volume of Assembly Proceedings. taken from the “Treasure of Mysteries of Mafrianus,” i. e. of Gregory Bar The Provincial Council, as the preface explains, was a body charged with Hebr~us. The Syrian chapters, or sections, are marked in the text by die very varied duties. It was, with the Governor at its head, the executive single or double diamond of dots (except when they coincide with a church- body of time Province; it was the representative of t.he Proprietary ammd lesson), and are numbered in the margin. The church lesson notes are guardian of his rights; it sat as the Upper House of the Legislature, and written in red in the body of the text, and also numbered in the margin. had a limited legislative power of its own; it was the Provincial Court In both these series of numberings the Acts and Catholic Epistles arc and Court of Appeal. Hence the records are quite miscellaneous in char- treated as one book, and the Pauline Epistles as another. The Syrian acter; but. in this volume only those are included which properly belong to chapters are the same as the very ancient ones, with one remarkable excep- its executive duties; and which will be found not only valuable material tion, caused by the introduction of the four antilegomenct. In tIme ancient for history, but interesting in themselves. and ordinary division the Acts and Catholic Epistles have 32 sections or A copy of the Charter of Maryland, taken from the Patent Rolls in the chapters; section 31 beginning at 1 John, ii. 7; and section 32 at iii. 21. Public Record Office, London, is prefixed to tIme volume; as also copies of But in this MS. section 31 begins at 2 Peter, i. 13; section 32 at 2 Peter, iii. original documents preserved in London, which throw light upon the early 5; section 33 at 1 John, ii. 21; section 34 at 1 John, iv. 2; and section 35 history of the Province. (the last) at 3 John, 1. The antilegonsena thus add three sections. The JANUARY, 1886.] UNIVERSiTY CIPC ULAPS. 43

An Introduction to the Study of Chemistry. Ameri- courses will be greater than it frequently is now. The averageplaying with can Science Series; Briefer Course. By IRA REMSEN. (New test-tubes and precipitates is of questionable benefit. As it has beau digni- fied by the undeserved name of scientific training, and put forward in place York, Henry bit & Co., 1886). (Extract from the Preface). of the real thing, many thinking men have been led to question the value of scientific trainina, and to adhere to the old drill in grammatical forms In prepa.ring this hook, I have endeavored to keep in mind the fact that and mathematical problems. I do not xvonder at this, but I should be it is intended for those who are be~inning the study of chemistry. Instead greatly surprised to find this state of mind continuing after really good of presenting a lar~e number of facts and thus overburdening the student’s laboratory courses are provided. A slovenly laboratory course in chemistry mind, I have presented a smaller number than is usual in elementary courses is a poor substitute for a well-conducted course in mathematics or languages. in chemistry; but I have been careful to select for treatment such substances It behooves those who are convinced of the great advantages to be derived and such phenomena as seem to me best suited to give an insight into the from laboratory courses to see to it that these courses are conscientiously nature of chemical action. Usually the mind is not allowed to dwell for conducted. any length of time upon any one thing and thus to become really acquainted with it, but is hurried on and is soon bewildered in the effort to comprehend what is presented. I cannot but believe that it is much better to dwell longer on a few subjects, provided these subjects are properly selected. Dutch Village Communities on the Hudson River. The charge is frequently made that our elementary text-books on chem- By IRVING ELTING. (Johns Hopkins University Studies in istry are not seient~fie; that is to say, that not enough stress is laid upon the Historical and Political Science: Fourth Series, No. 1, pp. 68. relations which exist between the phenomena considered,—the treatment January, 1886). is not systematic. The student is taught a little about oxygen, a little about hydrogen, a little about nitrogen, etc.; and then a little about potassium, a No two rivers have been oftener compared than the Rhine and the Hud- little about calcium, etc.; and he is left simply to wonder whether there is son; indeed, the Hudson hasbeen frequently termed the “Rhineof America.”. any connection between the numerous facts offered for study. It must be Between these rivers there exists, unnoticed by the traveler and unnoted, acknowledged that there are serious difficulties in the way of a purely scien- for the most part, even by the historian, a bond of union formed by the tific treatment of chemistry, but I think that it is quite possible to treat the institutional relationship of the villa 0e-communities which have had their subject more scientifically than is customary, and thus to make it easier of existence, with similar customs, similar laws, and similar forms of govern- comprehension to the student. I have made an effort in this direction in ment on the banks of each stream. the book here offered to the public. Turning to the old world one finds that, notwithstanding the encroach- In teaching chemistry, two mistakes are commonly made. The first is ments of the feudal system, the earlier, freer, community-life, with the that of presenting the profoundest theories of the science before the student customs of common land-tenure and of government by freemen met in is prepared for them. Hence they make little impression upon his mind, general assembly, survived in some of the more secluded portions of the and he only learns to repeat words about them, without having any real country,—notably in the forest regions of the lower Palatinate east of the comprehension of them. Rhine, and in those northern provinces of the Netherlands,—Friesland, The other mistake is that of giving directions for experiments without Gronin0en, and Drenthe,—whose free peoples IRoine never conquered and making it clear to the student why they are performed or what they teach. whose right of self-government no haughty baron ever suppressed. The result is that he sees little or no connection between the subjects treated From Holland and the German Palatinate, where the feudal system had in the text-book and the things which he works with in the laboratory. never gained the foothold which it load secured in France, and even in Now, the first object ofa course in science should be to develop a scientific more distant England, came the first settlers who were to lay the foundations habit of thought. This cannot be done by mere study of the theories of a of New York state. A short sighted policy on the part of the States- science, nor by haphazard experimenting. It can only be reached by sys- tematic study of the phenomena, and by recognizing the connection between General of Holland led to the granting (under the charter of “Freedoms and Exemptions,” as it was called) of a monopoly, in both land and trade these phenomena and the theories. At the outset the best plan is to study to the West India Company, and to the establishment, in true feudal phenomena scientifically, and afterwards speculations may be introduced to fashion, of “seignorial fiefs,” or manors, on the banks of the Hudson. The some extent; though, in my opinion, it is better to keep these decidedly beginnings of governmental life in New Nethoerland were, therefore, unfor- subordinate in an elementary course. tunate for the growth of free institutions. All the more noteworthy and At this day it is almost superfluous to emphasize the great importance of commendable is the persistent and successful struggle of the “sturdy and laboratory work as a part of a course in chemistry. College authorities and school boards are beginnin, to recobuize the necessity of this kind of work independent yoeman” of Holland in fighting his way towards free repre- sentative government, in the face of the difficulties which beset him. for tlie purpose of securing satisfactory results. A laboratory can be fitted up at slight cost in which all the experiments described in this book could The details of this struggle for popular rights in and about New Amster- be performed. It is not necessary to wait until a complete laboratory is pro- dam, show that the Dutch brought to the new country a rich heritage in vided. The accommodations needed are simple, and there can hardly be their love of liberty, which unfavorable conditions could not crush out. a college or school which could not with a little effort secure the few con- More liberal charters were granted by the States-General, and as early as veniences. Should there, however, be such a place the teacher can at least 1641 came the recognition of the people’s voice in affairs of government, by perform the experiments described. And this he had better do with not the election, in popular Assembly, of “Twelve Select Men,”—all emigrants from Holland. The step towards freedom gained at this time was never more than ten or a dozen students around him. By constantly questioning lost; the representatives of the people repeatedly demanded, for New them, and getting one or another to help him, or to do the work, fairly sat- isfactory results can be attained. Amsterdam and the neighboring settlements, the municipal privileges to If the students work in the laboratory it is of prime importance that they which the Dutch were accustomed, and in 1646 the inhabitants of the should not be left to shift for themselves. They will surely acquire bad village of Breuckelen (now Brooklyn) were given the right of electing two schepens, or magistrates, with full judicial powers as in the Fatherland. habits of work, and will generally fail to understand what they are doing. A thorough system of questioning and cross-questioning is necessaryin order Those who opposed the magistrates in the discharge of their duties were to that the work shall be successful. A badly constructed piece of apparatus be deprived of all share in the common hands adjoining the village. should not be allowed, and cleanliness should be insisted upon from the Thus, side by side with the growth of free institutions in early New York, beginning. The instructor should be as watchful in the laboratory as in is to be found a common land-tenure, accompanied by many of the customs the recitation-room, and should be as exacting in regard to the experimental of the Germanic village community. Everywhere existed the ancient work as the teacher of languages is in regard to the words of a lesson. A pound and the distinction between meadow-land, woodland, and the “bouweries,” or “home-lots.” What is now City Hall Park in New York, badly performed experiment should be considered as objectionable as a bad recitation or a badly written exercise. When teachers of chemistry acquire bounded by Broadway, Nassau, Ann, and Choambers streets, was, as late a~ this feeling, and work in this spirit, the educational value of laboratory 1686, perhaps much later, known as the village commons, where thie droves of cattle were sent morning and evening to pasture. 44 JOhNS HOPKINS [No. 46.

These village rights of common land-tenure were accompanied in New unique distinction of perpetuating in his own person, beyond the middle of Amstefdam by rights of common participation in the deliberative assembly the nineteenth century, an institution older than the Christian era. of the people, as was the case in the forests of Germany centuries before. The settlement of New Paltz, entirely Huguenot at first, received the il3ut the principle of popular representation was not fully recognized in the Dutch element (destined to play an important part in the town’s history) province, until the danger of English conquest induced the Governor and in the person of Roeloff Elting by his marriage with Sara DuBois in 1703; his Council to call the assembly of 1664, for which two deputies were and it is a significant fact in the history oflocal institutions, that these two elected by plurality votes of the inhabitants of the various towns. Even stocks of the early New Paltz settlers came respectively from the German such a popular assembly as this, however, was not able to resist the tide of Palatinate and the province of Drenthe in Holland, where to-day in the events which, in September, 1664, swept New Netherland from the hands clearings of the Odenwald and on the marshy peat-fields of Drenthe, are of the Dutch and placed it under English rule. to be found almost perfect types of the primitive Germanic mark. This change in government had little effect upon the character of the From the banks of the Rhine the germs of free local institutions, borne population, or upon their village customs; the Dutch element predomi- on the tide of western emigration, found here, along the Hudson, a more nated to such an extent that the English language did not supplant Dutch fruitful soil than New England afforded for the growth of those forms of ~s the language of the people until about the beginning of the present cen- municipal, state, and national government, which have madethe United States tury, and t.he records in the offices of the Clerks of Ulster, Orange, and the leading republic among the nations. Thus in a new, and historically Dutchess counties, show that the common lands held by the various com- iluliortant, sense may the Hudson river be called the “Rhine of America.” munities were not, in most instances, divided into individual holdings until The patent which included the present site of Yonkers was granted to about the same time. Van der Donck, and had no connection with liensselaerswyck closer than Soon after the English took permanent possession of the country, two that arising from the fact that the patentee had been the Schout Fiscal of village communities—the adjoining towns of Hurley and New Paltz, the Van Rensselaer manor. respectively Dutch and Huguenot in their origin—arose on the west side of Many old Dutch words survive in local expressions found to-day among the Hudson river, not quite a hundred miles from its mouth. Both ofthese people who have lost knowledge of the original meanings. In a portion villages present features peculiarly interesting to the student of institutional of the paper, reference is made to the fact that what is now so familiarly history. known as the Bowery in New York City, is so called because it was the The Hurley Commons, granted by royal patent to a number of Dutch “bouwerie” or home-lot of Gov. Stuyvesant. settlers in 1709, existed for a century, under conditions which forbade any One who examines the records of the counties where the early settlers sale of a share in the land to one not an inhabitant of the town. When, in were Dutch will be struck with the frequency, in deeds executed before, and 1806, the towns-people petitioned the Legislature ofthe state for a division for many years after, 1700, of the word “vly” or “fly,” used apparently in of these common lands, the partition was made, in true Teutonic fashion, each instance to describe a low-lying piece of ground. according to the needs of the inhabitants,—a definite share being given to The word “kill” survives in the Wallkill at New Paltz, the FaIlkill at each person “as shall have supported a family and resided within the said Poughkeepsie, the Fishkill farther south, the Catskill farther north, and in corporation the term of two years next before making such partition and numerous other small tributaries of the Hudson. who shall during that time have followed some trade or occupation,” though If the descendants of the Dutch knew the tongue of their ancestors who he had never before been a freeholder of Hurley. Even if this does not called every creek of importance a “kill,” we should not hear, as we often show a “periodic partition,” it gives evidence of that distinctive feature of do along the 1{udson, such a tautological expression as “Fahhkilh creek.” ancient communal land-holding,—the use ofa portion ofthe common domain for “distribution among new families.” ~The town of New Paltz, lyingjust south of Hurley was, in 1677, granted The Teaching of the Apostles and the Sibylline by patent covering some 36,000 acres, to twelve proprietors,—all of them Books. By J. IRENDEL HARRIS. (Cambridge, Eng.: Wallis, Huguenots. The patentees are said to have been called the “Twelve Men,” 1885. 2s.). or “Duzine,” and to have had both legislative and judicial powers in town affairs. Three years before the death of the surviving pateutee,—Abraham, lFrem the Ansericaa Joei-aalof Philology, No. 23, October, 1883). Pi-ofessor J. iRendel Hairis, one of the most esteemed collaborators of son of Louis Do Bois, — the twenty-four proprietors of the New Paltz entered into un agreement, dated April 21, 1728, which established the local this Journal, has published a special treatise on the Teaching of the Apostles government of the “Twelve Men” by popular election, and authorized and the Sibyhhine Books (Cambridge, Eng.: H. W. Walhis, 1885), in which them to fix titles “according to the severall Divisions and partitions that he has undertaken to show among some of the Sibylhists a very close have been made between them [the patentees] by Parole without deed, and acquaintance with the “Teaching of the Apostles.” Of course critics might turn this round and say that the coincidences show a very close acquaint- the other parts thereof yet remaining in Common and undivided . . . within the bounds of the aforesaid Pattent.” The “Twelve Men,” under their ance of the author of the Teaching with the Sibylhine Books, but this is authority conferred in the agreement of 1728, to lay out the land to be met by attacking the date assigned to the Second Book, in which more than divided “in Twelve equal shares and Divisions soe that the one is not of sixty per cent. of the coincidences occur. This reopens the question of the more vallue than the other,” had the lots set off regularly, from time to date of the Pseudo-Phokyhides, a large part of whose poem has been inserted time, of the same size and shape, adjacent and numbered from one to twelve in the text of the Second Book. Bernays made the superior limit in time in each Division,—the north and south Divisions together constituting one of the croiyye vev6erw6v from which the Sibylhist borrowed, to be the circu- long strip (or Tier) of similar lots, running, for the most part, north and lation of the LXX translation of the Scriptures, while the inferior limit south, parallel to the Wallkilh. Almost all deeds of New Paltz property, is furnished by the absence of all traces of the N. T. and of Christianity, executed after the signing of the agreement of 1728 and before the general say tIme time of Nero. This statement of Bernays that there is no trace of partition of the lands by the state Legislature at the beginning of the the early Christian dtdeoxelie in Ps. Phokylides is met by Professor Harris present century, contain some reference to this method of division. with a strong negative. Ps. Phokyhides “can only by extremely rough criti- About a hundred years after the grantin cisin be divested of sentiments which are either Christian or differ very 0 of the patent, fifty-two proprie- slightly therefrom; and the whole tenor of the writing is exactly what can tors of the New Paltz, for the common defence of their territory, entered be explained by the first century.” Professor harris’s pamphlet is full of into an agreement, dated April 30, 1774,—a fact which shows both the interest to the student of that remarkable document, the Amda~~, the admir- persistence of their village community customs and the extent to which the able edition of which by M. Sabatier (Paris, Fischbacher, 1885) has been sub-division of the common property had been carried. waiting so long on the table of this Journal for an adequate review that a Even after an act of the Legislature incorporated the township under the review is hardly needed, as its distinguishing features have already found state government, the inhabitants of New Paltz met yearly in popular hearty commendation among those who are best qualified to judge. It is to assembly to choose their “Twelve Men.” There remains record of the M. Sabatier that we must turn when we wish to understand the connexion election of these officers as late as the year 1824, and one of their number, between the ~mdag4and the synagogue. Daniel DuBois, lived until 1852. Thus he, as the survivor, has the JANUARY, 1886.] UNIVERSITY 611110 C/LA PS. 45

American Journal of Philology. Edited by PROFESSOR where near the main route between Pharsalus and Larissa, and that the GJLDERSLEEVE. Vol. VI, No. 2. Whole No. 22. (Baltimore, battle was fought at the base of the hills on whose slope Pompeys camp 1885). was pitched, near Palaepharsalus. I consider it probable t.hat Palaephar- Article I.—Oontributions to a History of the French Language of Canada. salus was on the hills nom~th of the Enipeus and west of the main road north and south, that Pompey’s line of battle extended east and west, parallel By A. M. ELLIOTT. lb this number the writer first gives an account of the ample materials with the Enipeus, and covered on the right by a small stream running from for the history, political and personal, of Canhda., and especially of the the hills into the main river. This also makes G6ler’s position for Cusar’s inestimable church registers, which enable the student oflanguage to dis- camp the more probable one.” entangle the threads of dialectical influence by tracing the settlers to their Article I V—Greek and Latin Inscriptions from Palestine. By FREDERIC original homes, whether in Northern or Southern France. D. ALLEN. The linguistic problem is a complicated one, and is more closely connected Sixty-six inscriptions copied by Rev. Dr. Merrill in the years 1875—77 in with the historic growth of the people than is usually the case where the the course of journeys undertaken under the auspices of the American Pal- original population is drawn from the same general territory. Hence the estine Exploration Society. The most interesting of tImemu has been pub- necessity of this preliminary, historical article, in which the story of Canada lished already, American Journal of Philology, III, p. 206. According to is told in outline, from the first expedition under Jacques Cartier, in 1334, Professor Allen No. 5, together with No. 17, fixes the era of Gerasa, pro- down to the Act of Confederation in 1867. Especial stress is laid on the visionally at least, in the spring of 44 A. D. deep religious sentiment that animated the founders of the French colony The Reviews and Book Notices relate to Zimmer~s Keitisehe Studien (J. MI. in Canada, a sentiment that survives in the extraordinary faith of the HART); (Jook’s Sievers’ Old English Grammar (JAMES W. BRIGHT); Abbott’s people to-day. The first conquest of Canada by the English, in 1629, gave Evangeliorson Versio Antehieron~oniona (.1. RENDEL HARRIs); Uhlig’s Dio- a check to immigration, and the great majority of those who had settled in nysii Thracis Ars Grammatica (B. I. WHEELER); Gatscbet’s Migration New France returned to their native country, but after the restoration of Legend of the Creek Indians, and Brinton’s The Lendpi and their Legends (C. Canada to France, in 1633, the cnrrent again set in from the mother H. Toy); Robinson Ellis’ Aneedota Oxoniensia, and Xlii Facsimiles, and country and continued to flow uninterruptedly until another break came by Brial and Bailly’s Dictionnaire Etymologique Latin (MINTON WARREN); and foreign occupation in 1760. Immigration then ceased, but the increase of Jahn’s Gregorii Palomac Prosopopoeia (A. S. G.) population has been phenomenal. During the last century and a quarter Reports are made of Neue Jahrbiicherfiir Philologie und Paedagogik, Rhein- the growth has been more than thirty-fold, and the French people of Canada isches Museum, Revue de Philologie, Archiv fur LateiniseheLexikogrophie und now number about two millions. Up to the surrender of Quebec tIme speech Grommatik, and Germania. had been pure French, for the Indian dialects had little influence on the Under Brief Mention are found notices of Merriam’s Herodotus, Hiibner’s French language of Canada, and we only have to distinguish between the Exemnpla Scripturae Epigraphicac, Wilkins’s Epistles of Horace, Keller and strong Northern French element with Southern French modifications. Hdussner’s Horace, Verrall’s Studies in Horace, and Holden’s Plutarch’s Henceforward we have to take into account the influence of English, intro- Gracehi. duced and supported as it was by special authority. But this influence is Recent Publications. Books Received. felt chiefly in the maritime districts, where the British principally settled, and the French language is everywhere aggressi~’e. The French J)opula- Vol. VI. No. 3. Whole No. 23. (Baltimore, 1885). tion now occupies seven-eighths of Lower Canada, and the French language Article 1.—The Sis and Sa Aorists (6th and 7th Aorist-forms) in Sanskrit. has thrust out the English among people of English or Scotch stock. By W. D. WHITNEY. Another important feature is the seigniorial tenure that prevailed for These sis and sa forms of sigmatic aorist are quite exceptional in their above two centuries and a half throu~hont Lower Canada. This feudal occurrence as compared with the other two, the s-aorist and the i~-aorist. institution proved to ba a remarkable system for the creation of a peasant In the whole body of Sanskrit literature, there are found to occur 145 proprietary, and there is abundant evidence that the relation of the seigneur s-aorist stems, (of which 99 appear only in tIme older language, 9 only in time to his people was much more intimate in the early settlement of Canada later, 37 in both), and 174 is-aorist stemns (123 in the older language, 16 in than in the mother country. Indeed, the effects of association with persons time later, 21 in both); of the other two classes, less than a score eaclm. of the best culture have remained in the manners of the habitant up to this After giving time details Professor Wlmitney comes to the conclusion that the day. The seigneurs departed, but the priest remained, and the French sms-aorist and the sa-aorist are both sporadic in their character, sa in just nationality of Canada has grouped itself about the clergy. The working the same degree as sr~. line laid down for the exploration of the French language of Canada meas- “Time analo0y of 6cdiktam and i6vm~a, which has given such satisfaction to ured one hundred and eighty miles. In this wide territory a surprising beginners in comparative philology, and seemed to explain so ranch, has a uniformity of speech was found, and the causes of this homo~eneousness are deal of fallacy about it. TIme true analo,,ue of 6cdiksam would be fdin4ov.” to be sought in the social and political influences, in the antagonisms of Time true factors in Sanskrit with which we imave to work in studying the reli,,ion to race, which have done munch to weld together the otherwise dis- genesis of the sigmatic aorist, are thme s-aorist and the it-aorist, and tlmese cordant elements of this population. (Compare Gircular No. 35, p. 20). alone. “In respect to the sibilant, and to its occurrence with or without a

Article 11.—Arm-pitting among the Greeks. By GEORGE LYMAN KITT- precedin,., i . . . tlmis norist-formation agrees with the s-future and with the REDGE. desiderative. Until good evidence to the contrary can be shown, these three An ancient Greek, if he murdered a man, sometimes mutilated his victim must be regarded as related formations, and no explanation can be accepted in a peculiar way known as iiaaXa2J~etv or arm-pitting. The extremities of as satisfactory for one of them which does not apply also to the others.” the hands were cut oW strung together, and fastened under the arm-pits of Article 11.—Remarks o Vol. II of Koch’s ~‘omicorumAtticorum Fragmenta. the corpse by a band or girdle round the neck. There are two main theo- By RoBINSoN ELLIS. ries as to the purpose. Accordinb to the former the yacxcti4rtv was a part Notes on some fifty fragments to most of which emendations are proposed. of the h~boaiemut~. The cut off extremities were the hwap~s) of the victim, a sin-offering to the infernal Article IIL—Vomeel length in Old English. By ALBERT S. COOK. 0ods to expiate the murder. A continuation of the article Vowel-length in King Alfred’s Orosius, pubJ According to the latter the mutilation of the body was supposed to effect lislmed in time American Journal ofPhilology, Vol. V, pp. 318—324. Several a corresponding nmutilation of the soul, so that the shade, deprived of its corrections of the previous article are given. limbs, would be powerless to take ven~eance on the criminal. It is the Article IV.—On the so-called Gemsitive Absolute and its Use especially in the latter view that Mr. Kittredge advocates, formed on the basis of a close Attic Orators. By EDWARD H. SPIEKER. examination of the loci classici, and next by a long array of evidence from According to Dr. Spieker the most plausible view of time genitive absolute the history of culture. construction is that which is advocated by Holzweissig in his Syntax and Article 111.—Pharsalia, Pharsalus, Palaepharsalus. By B. PEREIN. whmichi refers it to the use of the genitive in expressions of time, as in vv,cr6~, The conclusion reached by the writer may be stated in his own words: “I a use which dates far back in I. E. languages, being found in Vedic Sanskrit consider it certain that both camps were on the right of the Enipeus, some- as well as in the earliest Greek. By the use of a participle with such a geni- JOHNS HOPKINS 46 [No. 46.

tive and the gradual emphasis of the participial element, the construction theory requires them to be sensibly fewer, then this theory is plainly dis- could have been easily and naturally evolved. proved, and the maximusn ratio at which this phenomenon is observed the After an elaborate discussion of the views of Classen who starts from the so called Unterschiedsschmeelle. If, on the other hand, the values obtained for genitive participle without a noun, the writer follows the history of the the probable error are tIme same for errors varyin~ from three times to one- construction in Homer, Ilesiod, the lyric poets, and the drama. In Homer, fourth of the probable error, thcn the theory of the method of least squares the statistics of Classen are accepted. The others are only touched on, not is shown to hold good within those limits, and the presuml)tion will be that exhaustively treated. In the domain of Attic prose, oratorical usage is pre- it extends still further. The nmthematical thea y has tIme advanta~e of sented with great fulness in accordance with the title of the paper. The yielding conceptiomis of greater definiteness than that of the physiologists, orators show marked differences in the use of this construction, both as to and will thus tend to iml)rove methods of observation. Moreover, it affords frequency and as to manner. The early orators, Antiphon and Andokides, a ready method for determining the sensibility or fineness of perception, for, use it in a simple, easy way; no case of ag or of hv, no relative or interro- knowing time utimber of errors in a certain number of experiments, and gative pronoun as subject, etc. In Lykurgos we find the same state of accepting the conclusions a? this paper, the calculated ratio to the total t.hings; there are but few exceptions to it in Lysias and Jsaios. To these excitation of that variation of excitation, in judgin~ which we should err the use in Isokrates, Demostlienes, Aeschines, and Deinarchos presents a one time out offour, imiensures the sensibility. striking contrast. The paper, which is too full of detail to admit a satis- Throughout our observations we noted the degree of confidence with factory abstract, ends with a brief comparison between the Greek genitive which the observer gave his judgment upon a scale of four degrees, as absolute and the Latin ablative absolute, and emphasises the freedom and follows: 0 denoted absence of any preference for one answer over its oppo- variety of the Greek use as one of the many evidences of what this gifLed site~ 3 denoted as strong a confidence as one would have about such sensa- nation could make out of the linguistic mat~erial it possessed. tions while between tIme two 1 and 2 naturally found their places. Article V—Two Points in French Style. By P. B. MARCOU. The apparatus used was an mudaptation of a “Fairbanks” post-office scale, The two points are the gradual shortening of the French sentence and the with various accessory appliances which had as their object the avoidance shifting positiou of adjective and substantive. As to the latter peculiarity of delay and fatigue, as well as of any jar or ineqnumhity in the operation of (“pr~destiuation ~ternelle,” “~ternelle predestination”) we learn that on applyin~ and remnoving tIme variable pressure. Each experiment consisted the one hand there is a stron,, tendency to use preposition less and less, of three operations, in the first and third of which the same pressure was while on the other hand it is used less frequently for euphony and more brought upon the finger of the subject, while in the second a slightly smaller frequently to excite the fancy. A liberty which was formerly made use of or slightly greater pressure was substituted. The object of this double for euphony alone, has been taken advantage of for a much higher purpose, change was to avoid the well-known difference of sensation excited by an and we have here an instance of how the persistent cUltivation of style is increase and decrease of pressure. tending to make the language a more and more delicate instrument. Ramios of presiemmes. [SaIject: Mr. Peirce.] Mr. NIcHoLAs MURRAY BUTLER has presented in a Note the statistics 1.000 1.030 1.015 of The Postpositive et in Propertius. Average number of er In the Reviews and Book Notices are discussed Wagner’s Marlowe’s Tambur- rors in set of 50 10.4 19.3 21.6 lame (JAi~mEs W. BRIGHT), Sweet’s First 111iddle English Primer, Skeet’s Tale Calculated from proba of Gamelyn, Jahresbericht ilber die Erseheinungen auf dem Gebiete der Gerutan- ble error~ 0.051.... 10.7 17.2 2Y0 isehen Philologie (J. M. GARRETT), Reid’s Cicero’s Academica, Abraham’s Average confidence. Observed 0.7 0.3 0.2 Studia Plautina (M. WARREN), Steagel’s Theatre d’Alexandre Hardy (A. M. Calculated 0.7 Q.3 0.2 ELLIOTT). The Reports relate to llfnemosyne, Anglia, Rheinisehes frmnseum, Neue Jahr- Comparing in the accompanyin~ tables the average number of errors in biicherfiir Philologie und Paedagogik, Romania, and Hermes. a set of fifty with the theoretical value of this average as calculated by the In Brief Mention a short account is given of Iwan Ylidler’s Handbuch der method of least squares, we see that the correspondemice between tIme real kiassisehen Altertnmswissenschaft, 0. E. Schmidt’s Parallel-Homer, Dionysios and the theoretical numbers is close. Thercianos’ ~t2ueXoyeKai‘Txorvru~~aveg, Baebier’s Beitriige mu einer Geschichte der TIme experiments in which Mr. Jastrow was the subject were much more lafeinisehen Grammatik im Mittelalter, Westcott and Hort’s Small New Testament extensive, and cannot all be grouped in one table, because the probable (school ed.), Holzweissig’s Lateinische Schalgrammatik, Furneaux’s Tacitus’ error is on tIme decrease throughout. They can be conveniently grouped in Annals, Schenki’s Bibliotheca Scriptorum Graecorum et Romanoram, J. Rendel four tables, two of which are given below: Harris’s Teaching of the Apostles and the Sibylline Books, Sabatier’s Aala~~, Ratios of pressures. [Subject: Mr. Jastrow.] Flagg’s Seven agai ut Thebes. 1.060 1.030 1.015 Average number of er Recent Publications. Books Received. rors mu set e)f 50 11.0 13.8 20.8 Calculated from proba ble error— 0.050 10.4 17.0 — 21.0 Small Differences of Sensation. By C. S. PEIRCE and Average confidence. J. JASTItOW. Observed 0.85 0.5 0.3 [Abstractfrom the Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. III]. Calculated 0.9 0.4 0.2 The physiological psychologists assume that two nerve excitations alike Ratios of pressures. [Subject: Mr. Jastrow.] in quality will only produce distinguishable sensations provided they differ 1.020 1.010 1.005 in intensity by an amount greater than a fixed ratio (the Unterschiedsschweile). Average number of er Another theory, does not admit an Unterschiedsschwelle, but claims that. the rors in set of 50 12.8 17.7 20.7 multiplication of observations will indefinitely reduce the error of their Calculated from proba mean. If there be a least perceptible difference, then when two excitations ble’error~ 0.020 12.5 18.3 21.6 differing by less than this are l)resented to us, we ought to answer which is A verage con deuce. -- —- Observed 0.12 0.07 0.00 the greater, wrong as often as right in the long run. Whereas, if the theory Calculmmte& 0.12 0.06 0.03 of least squares is correct, we not only ought to answer right oftener than The tables shmow that time numbers of errors follow, as far as we can con- wrong, but we ought to do so in a predictible ratio of cases. veniently trace them, the numbe vs assigned by time probability curve, and We hmmve experimented with the pressure sense, observing the proportion of errors amongjudgments as to which is the greater oftwo slightly diflbr- therefore destroy all presnumption its favor of an Unterschiedsschmeelle. The evidence of our experinsents seems clearly to be that this sen- ent pressures. From the probability, thus ascertained, of committin 0 an sation h:ms no Seliwelie, and vanishmes only ~uhmentime difference to which it error of a given magnitude, the probable error of a judgment can be calcu- refers vanishes. Time eneral fact gives new reason for believing that we lated accordin0 to the mathematical theory of errors. 1f now, we find that gather what is passing in one anotlmer’s minds in large mucasmire from sensa- when the ratio of the two pressures is smaller than a certain ratio, the tions so faint that we are not fairly muware of having them, and can give no erroneous judgments number one-half of the wh~ole, while the mathematical account of how we reach our conclusions about such amatters. JANUARY, 1886.1 UNIVERSITY CIIIC ULAPS. 47

American Journal of Archaeology. Vol. I, No. 4. (Bal- PROGRAMME OF VOLUME II, 1886. timore, A. L. FROTHINGRAM, JR., Ph. D., Managing Editor, During 1886 contributions from England, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, 1885). Sweden, Malta, and India are expected, in the form of articles, correspond- I—Marble Statue of Artemis in the Musesnn at Constantinople. By SALO- ence, or notes. Special attention will be given to the part devotedto archn- ological news and to the summaries of periodicals. MON REINACH (with one plate). This is one of the most remarkable pieces in the Tchinly-Kiosk Mnsenm, TIme SECOND VOLUME will include the following articles: PROF. MERRIAM and represents the goddess with liar right arm resting on a pilaster, her will complete Isis learned study on the Kretan Laws, and will publish some left hand on her hip, and the right leg crossed over the left. The writer almost unique painted Egyptian steles owned in New York; J. T. CLARKE, considers it a Greco-iRoman copy of an original of the time, if not by the the explorer ofAssos, will illustrate a proto-ionic capital found in the Troad, hand, of Praxiteles. important for tIme origin of the Ionic order, and will contribute other papers illustrating the work of the late expedition to Assos; PROF. RAMSAY will IL—-Law Code of the Ki’etan Gortyna. By A. C. MERRIAM. continue his Notes and Inscriptions from Asia Minor; DR. CH. WALDSTEIN This inscription, which has been recently discovered by Dr. Halblserr, is will write on differences in the style of Skopas and Praxiteles, and on the the most important document yet found for a knowledge of Greek law. It Etruscan sarcophagi at Boston, one of which is of unique importance; he relates entirely to the ins privatam: the condition of slaves; family re~nla- will also explain the plan on which the collection of casts from antique tions; the disposition of property; etc. Durina the last few months mono- sculpture in the Museum at Cambridge, England, has been formed, etc.; graphs npon it have appeared in Germany, France and Italy. The present J. MENANT, the noted Assyriologist, will illustrate some of the most im- article gives the first half of a critical text, a translation, and a full com- ment. The second half will be given in the next nnmber. portant of the Babylonian and Assyrian cylinders in American collections, especially at the Metropolitan Museum, N. Y.; DR. W. H. WARD is to 111.—Mosaic ofthe Fa9ade of San Paolo fuori-le-mura of Rome. By A. L. publish some antiquities studied or purchased by him duriub his journey FROTHINGHAM, JR. through Babylonia; S. REINAcH will contribute one or more papers illus- This mosaic which, after the fire of 1823, was taken down, divided, and trating some of tIme antique sculpture at the Museum of Constantinople; DR. placed in the interior of the church, is shown not to be the work of Pietro A. EMERSON will write on the Athena Parthenos; E. BABELON is to give Cavalhini, bnt to have been executed a centnry before his time, nnder Popes a full account, in the several issues, of the recent discoveries at Susa, in Innocent III and Gregory IX. Cavalhini’s work was merely restoration. Arabia, in Phcenicia, and in Assyria, as well as a review of recent books on IV.—Inscribed base of an archaic bronz~ statue from Mt. Ptosss. By SALO- Numismatics; F. TRAWINSI~J’5 contribution will give an account of the MON IREIXACH (with one plate). numerous archamological societies in France; DR. FROTHINGUAM will con- This boustrophedon inscription reads TI M A~ I I AO~ MAN E~ EKE— tinue Isis Notes on Christian mosaics, and will publish some inedited docu- TO1TOAONITOI1TTOI EIHO1TPAOFFEION. The first part is, ments; and other papers on Christian archuology will be contributed by clearly, “Timasiplsilos has dedicated me to the Ptoian Appollon”: the L. DUCHESNE, 0. MARUCCHI, and B. MOLINIER. Scandinavian antiquities end is an enigma, which M. Br~al proposes to read 6~pa h~vi2u~v “en sa will be treated by the authoritative pen of PROF. HANS HILDEBRAND, of qualit6 de d6biteur.” Stockholm. Other original papers and correspondence are expected from the distinguished German archnologists, FR. VON REBER, TH. SCITREIBER, V—The Monoliths of San Jean Teotihuacan, Mexico. By W. H. HOLMEs (with six figures). and XV. HELBIG. The latest discoveries and investigations in India will be The writer shows that a single monolith has “been made to doduty as an reported on by MR. ROBERT SEWELL, those in Rome by PROF. C). MARUC- altar, a pillar, a ‘fainting-stone,’ a sacrificial stone, and a god of the Aztecs, CIII, and those in Greece will probably be described by PROF. ALLEN. taking in literature three separate uncorrelated guises at one and the same Several contributions are expected from investigators in the field of Ameri- time. A second monolith of less importance, hitherto inedited, is also can Archuology, notably from W. H. HOLMES and V. MINDELEFF of Wash- illustrated. ington, and from F. XV. PUTNAM and LUCIEN CARR of Cambridge. FL—The Revival of Sculpture in Europe in the thirteenth century (ii). By A. L. FROTIIINGRAM, JR. (with one plate). In Italy Niccola’s influence on contemporary artists was short-lived; and Modern Language Notes. Giovanni, the founder of the Pisan type, borrowed largely from Northern The first of a series of “MODERN LANGUAGE NOTES” issued by A. M. Gothic, which exercised a strong influence on the entire school. A cone- Elliott, Managing Editor, and H. A. Todd, J. W. Bright, and J. Goebel, parison with French sculpture, on the score of invention, drapery, etc., Associate Edit.ors, has recently been printed in Baltimore. the study of the nude and of the antique, points in general to the superi- The following statements are reprinted from the announcement of publi- ority ofthe latter a.s ~vell as to its priority in the Revival. cation by the Editors: Notes, by M. Reinach, on Sterrett’s “Inscriptions of Assos;~~ and by W. These “Notes’~ (issued as time private enterprise of the editors) are M. Ramsay, on his own “Notes and Inscriptions from Asia Minor.” “intended to satisfy, as far as may be and in a modest way, the want felt Revue de la Numisinatique Grecque et Romaine, by ERNEST BABELON. An among the professors and teachers of modern langua~es for some special exhaustive and comprehensive review of the articles and monographs organ of communication, by giving succinct original articles, by furnishing recently published on Numismatics in reviews and periodicals. short reviews of time chief American and foreign new publications, by calling correspondeace.—Congrbs Arch~ologique de France b Monthrison, by X. attention briefly to the meetings of literary and learned societies, by notic- (an account of the excursions made by the Congress in the Forez). Exca- ing topics of personal interest, such as the work of individual scholars, vations in Malta, by John Worthin,,ton. changes in the personnel of our colleges, current papers or articles by modern Reviews and Notices of Rooks—B. Miintz’s Donatello, and Fortnum’s language instructors, newly announced courses of study, etc. These ‘Notes’ Christian Gems, by C. C. Perkins. E. Mohinier’s Dietionnaire des Emailleurs, will be especially adapted to the use of teachers and will contain, therefore, and Caruana’s Hypogeum Tal-Liebru, by A. L. Frothinghiam, Jr. in addition to the above, short discussions of pedagogical questions, partic- ArchevologicalNews—AFRIcA (Egypt, Tunisia); ASIA (Cambodia, Hindu- ularly of such as bear upon the academic study of the languages in question. stan, Arabia, Palestine, Phicenicia, Armenia, Persia, Asia-Minor); EUROPE “By modern languages are here meant primarily the English, German and (Greece, Italy, Malta, France, Spain, Switzerland, Belgium, Germany, Romance idioms, in tlmeir earlier as well as later phases, though tlme treat- Austria Hungary, Turkey, Roumania, Russia, Norway, Great Britain); ment of other forms of living speech will not be excluded. AMERICA (United States). “TIme desire of tIme editors is to give to this little periodical as scientific a Summaries of Peviodicals.—Antiqvarisk Tidskrift—Archiiologische Zeitung character as may be possible, considering the present status of modern lan- —Bulletin Monumental—Bullettino della Commis. Archeologica Comunale guage study in America. The volume will consist of a series of eight num- di Roma—’E~Ia7~vpig ‘Ap~ao2~oyt si—Gazette Archdologique—M~nadsblad— bers, beginning with January and continuing monthly tlmrongh the year, Mittheilungen d. Deutschen Archiiol. Inst—Revue Arch~ologique—Revue with a vacation interval from July to October inclusive. Each number of de l’Art Chr~tien—L’Art. the present volume will contain at least twenty-four columns of printed Archceological t&’ongresses.—Congress of the French Archuological Society matter. The price to subscribers is one dollar per annum. Price per num- —Congress of Belgian Societies at Antwerp. ber, twelve cents. Subscriptions may be sent to the managing editor.” 48 JOIINS HOPJUNS [INo. 46. THE STUDENTS’ “HOUSE OF COMMONS” OF THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY.

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All students in regular attendance on the Johns Hopkins Uni- everything subject to the supervising authority of the Home Secretary. versity, who are not members of any other similar organization in that It shall be the duty of the Clerk to post on one of the University bulletin institution, shall be eligible as regular members ofthis society, when nomi- boards, three days previous to every regular meeting of the House, a notice nated by the Executive Ministry. statina the heading of the next two bills on the docket. Section 2. The duties and privileges of regular membership in this All persons, on being elected members of the Hopkins I-louse of Com- society, once assumed, can be renounced only by resignation, under the mons, shall be informed of the fact within forty-eight hours by the Clerk, conditions, and in accordance with the rules hereinafter set forth; or by in writing. If the initiation does not take place within three weeks such the final termination of the member’s connection with the Johns Hopkins election shall be declared null and void. University as a student. Article VI—Ilegular Business. Section 3. For the election of regular members of this society a vote of Section 1. It shall be the duty of the Executive Ministry and the privi- the majority of the members present at any regular meeting shall be ie~e of any member to propose questions for discussion by the House. required. Section 2. Every question must be introduced in the form of a written Section 4. A willful absence from four successive meetings of the society bill, and must pass through the regular course of three readings and consid- shall be considered equivalent to an accepted resignation, and shall exclude eration, either by a special committee, or the committee of the whole. a member from all privileges as such. Excuses for absence may be offered Section 3. No bill shall pass through more than two readings at the same to the Executive Ministry, who shall be constituted judges of their validity. meeting of the House. Section 5. Honorary members of the House, with the privilege of debating, Section 4. Bills proposed shall be put upon the docket by the Clerk in the may be elected by a two-thirds vote of the members present at any regular order of their presentation, which shall be the order of their consideration, meeting of the House, on the nomination of the Executive Ministry. unless otherwise ordered by a vote of two-thirds of those present at any Article IV.—Ontline of Government. regular meeting of the House. Section 1. The executive government of this society shall be vested in an Section 5. Bills may be introduced by private members only by leave of Executive Ministry, a Speaker, and a Sergeant-at-Arms. the Executive Ministry after at least one week’s notice given of the inten- Section 2. The Executive Ministry shall consist of a Prime Minister, a tion to introduce a bill, and of the character of the measure to be proposed. Secretary for Foreign Affairs, and a Home Secretary. The Prime Minister Similar notice must be given by the Ministry of the introduction of bills to shall be appointed by the Speaker, in accordance with rules hereinafter set be proposed by themselves. forth, the Secretary for Foreign Affairs and the Home Secretary by the Section 6. The Home Secretary shall keep the Ministry advised of the state Prime Minister. of the docket; the Ministry shall see that the discussion of pending bills is Section 3. The Speaker shall be elected by a majority of votes cast by facilitated; and shall refuse leave to introduce a bill only when its introduc- ballot of the members present at the first regular meetings in October and tion would inconveniently crowd the docket, unless the bill proposed be of February, and shall hold office until his successor shall have been installed. a sort which they think out of keeping with the purposes ofthe society. 7. Section 4. The Sergeant-at-Arms shall be appointed by the Speaker to Section All motions concerning the appointment of special committees, serve during his term of office. or expressing the opinions of the House as to the course of the Ministry, or Section 5. The Speaker shall also appoint a Clerk to serve during his as to any other matter not proper for the forni of a bill, must be submitted term of office. in writing, and signed by the mover. Article V.—Duties of Officers. Article VIL—Responsibility of the Ministry. Section 1. It shall be the duty of the Executive Ministry to propose bills Section 1. The Executive Ministry shall be responsible to the House for for discussion by the House, to direct the order of proceedings in the House, their opinion on all bills concerning political questions, and upon all propo- and to act as its executive committee in carrying out all business not sitions affecting the business of the society, or the amendment of the consti- entrusted to any other committee. tution. If, at any time in a vote upon such questions, they shall be left in Section 2. It shall be the duty of the Prime Minister to appoint the Sec- a minority, they shall be expected to place their resignations in the hands retary for Foreign Affairs and the Home Secretary, to act as chairman of of the Speaker, before the next regular meetin the Ministry, and to draft for presentation to the House all questions 6 of the society. decided upon by them. Section 2. It shall be the duty of the speaker to accept such resignations, Section 3. It shall be the duty of the Secretary for Foreign Affairs to con- and to appoint a new Prime Minister from the majority represented in such duct the correspondence of the House, and to act as its representative or a vote; and the Prime Minister so appointed shall choose his colleagues from a~ent in all dealings with outside bodies or individuals. the majority which lie represents. Section 4. It shall be the duty of the Home Secretary to see that the Section 3. The House may at any time pass a direct vote of want of confi- rooms of the society are prepared for its use, and to supervise the Clerk of dence in the Ministry, under the form of a resolution; and upon the passage the House in the keeping ofthe minutes and records of the society, and in of such a resolution the Ministry shall resign and be replaced as directed preparing the business docket. in sections 1 and 2 of this article. Section 5. The speaker shall preside over all meetinbs of the society; shall Article VIIL—Resignation of Membership. construe and enforce the constitution and by-laws of the society, and the Section 1. Whenever any member wishes to resign, lie shall si~nify his rules of practice, subject always to an appeal to the llouse; shall appoint desire in writing to the Executive Ministry, stating fully his reasons, and the Prime Minister, Sergeant-at-Arms, the Clerk, all special committees upon obtaining their acquiescence, may withdraw. JANUARY, 1886.] UNIVERSITY 011W ULAPS. 49

&ction 2. The Ministry shall be responsible to the House for the exercise 6. Regular order of docket husiness. of this, as for the exercise of all their other prerogatives. 7. Motions and resolutions. Article IX—Goltection and Expeiiditure of honeys. 5. Notice hy the Ministry of the introduction of measures. 9. Notice hy private meinhers, after leave asked and ohtained of the Ministry, of intro. Section 1. The Prime Minister shall have control of all the moneyscon- duction of hills. tributed by the House. 10. Notice of election of officers. Section 2. At the beginning of his term of office the Prime Minister shall, ii. Adjournment. Article IV.—3fiscelleeeous Business. under the title of Budget, submit to the House in writing an estimate of the Seetisn 1. The Speaker shall give notice of every election of officers at least one week expenses of the House for the ensuing three months. hefore it is to take place. Section 3. The Budget shall be considered by the house in a committee Section 2. To adjourn hefore the regular order of husiness has heen completed shall of the whole under the title of “The House Committee on Appropriations,” require a vote of two-thirds of the memhers present. The motion to adjourn shall he dehatahie. and the Budget, when accepted by the House, shall afterwards be cast by Sectiesm 3. At the request of five meinhers a rising vote shall hetaken; at the request the Prime Minister into the shape of resolutions, which shall, for their of ten macinhers the vote shall he taken hy Yeas and Nays. adoption, pass through the regular course of three readin Section 4. TIme rules of parliamentary practice, as set forth in Itoherts’ “Rules of Order,” 0s and a committee shall governthe proceediimgsof this society in so far as they are not inconsistent with any of the whole. provision of its constitution or hy-laws. Section 4. If the Budget be rejected, or any appropriation contained Article V—Form ofInitietion. therein be refused by a vote of the House, the Ministry shall resi0n, and The Speaker shall request the newly elected meinher (or memhers)to come forward and such vote shall be considered as a direct vote of want of confidence. sign the constitution, and shall tlmen address lmimmm (or them) in the followimmg words: Section 5. After the Budget has been accepted by the House, the Prime “Sir, (or Sirs),—You have voluntarily hecome a memher (or memuhers) of this society, and I have therefore, in its name, to lay you under the neost solemn injunctions to ohey Minister shall submit to the House in writing a plan for raising the moneys and upimold its constitution; to ohserve all propriety as a memher and a gentleman (or as appropriated by the Budget. memahers and gentlemen); and to advance hy a strict adherence to duty the ohject of its Section 6. The plan of time Prime Minister for raising the moneys appro- organization.” priated by the Budget shall he considered by the House in a committee of Article VL—S~peaker’s Decisions. Section 1. The House may at any time, hy a majority vote, require within one week a the whole under the title of “The house Committee of ‘Ways and Means;” written decision from its Speaker on any point with reference to the government of the and the plans sanctioned by this committee shall afterwards be cast by the House, or on the interpretation of its constitution. Said decisions when presented to the Prime Minister into the shape ofresolutions, which shall for their adoption House hy the Speakershall lie over for one week, when the House shall adopt, amend, or pass through tIme regular course of three readings, and a committee of the reject the same, as it sees fit. Section 2. Ia case the House adopts the same as a whole, or with amendments, said whole. decisionas adopted shall he recorded in a hook kept for that purpose, and the decisions Section 7. At the expiration of his term of office, and at the expiration of thus recorded shall he signed hy the Speaker and the Clerk. the Speaker’s term, each Prime Minister shall submit to the Speaker a written statement of tIme expenditures of the House for his term of office, and of the then condition of the finances of the House. RECENT DISCUSSION OF TilE S’QCIETY’S CONSTITUTION. Section 8. At the expiration of his term of office the Speaker shall submit to tIme House a written statement of time expenditures of the House during (From a letter hy Ma. Lna’onose Wsaamnmms in The Nation, N. Y., No. 1065, Novemaher 26, his term of office, and of the then condition of the finances of the house; 1885). such statement to he compiled from the statements of the Prime Minister. The literary societies of our colleges are chiefly of two sorts—either Section 9. At any time at the written request oftwo-thirds of the members devoted to the reading of essays and other sinmilar literary productions of the House, the Speaker shall he authorized to require from the Prime written by time students, or else devoted to formal debates on subjects of Minister such a statement, which he shall submit to the House. small general interest. Societies of both these sorts have been tried at time Article X.—Clianges in Constitution and By-Laws. Johns Hopkins University, all commencing most promisingly, but invariably Section 1. All motions and resolutions affecting the constitution or by-laws dyin,, a natural death within a few months. Interest flagged after time first of this society shall be submitted in writing and pass through three read- few meetings, while, the students had too muclm to do to spend time in pre- ings and a committee of the whole; and not more than two readings shall paring essays or reading up for fixed topics of debate. he taken at one sitting of the House. Last year, however, at the suggestion of one of the Fellows in History, a Section 2. A unanimous vote of the members present at a regular meeting new departure was made. At a mass-meeting time students decided to of the society shall be necessary to amend this constitution; but a vote of establish a deliberative assembly, resembling, as much as possible, time two-thirds of the members present at any regular meeting shall be sufficient English House of Commons. The proposer of the scheme prepared the to amend the by-laws. draft of a constitution, on time model of one line Imad seen working at another Section 3. Two-thirds of the members present at any regular meeting of college, whichin was adopted, with some few alterations, by the students. the society may, by a single vote, suspend for that sitting any provision of The “Hopkins House of Commons” was incorporated. Time officers were to be as follows: (1) a speaker elected twice a year, who was to have all the the by-laws. duties of the same officer in the English House of Commons, and, besides, BY-LAWS. the executive powerof appointing the prime minister; (2) a prime minister, who was always to belong to the majority of the imonse; (3) a foreign secre- Article L—ilfeetings. tary and (4) a home secretary, wino were to assist the prime amminister in Sectiea 1. The House shall meet every Mondayevening during the session of the Uni- deliberation and debate—the two secretaries being appointed by the prime versity at eight o’clock p. in., with power of adjournment for any period hy a two-thirds vote. minister. The speaker was also to appoint a serneant-at-arms for the Sectien 2. The Speaker shall call special meetings of the House at the request of the preservation oforder, and a clerk to note the proceedin,,s. Executive Ministry or of ten mernhers of the Society. With this working machinery, bills are introduced and put throu~h all Sectien 13. If, after having heen properly requested to do so, the Speaker fail to call a meeting of the House, the Executive Ministry or a quorum of meinhers may convene it, the readings and forms of a deliberative assembly, and adopted or rejected after having given twenty-four hours’ notice of the tOne and ohject of the meeting. Notice accordin~ to the disposition of the mouse. The Opposition benches are, as posted upon two ofthe Universityhulletin hoards shall he sufficientif signed hy the mem- a rule, almost as full as the ministerial seats, causin0 time rivalry to be very hers of the Ministry, or hy a quorum of the meinhers of the Society. active and the interest unflagging. Meetings are imeld every Monday Article IL—Quorum. evening at eight o’clock, and the house seldom adjourns before eleven. One-third of the meinhers of the Society shall constitute a quorum for the transaction The attendance is very large, often reaching twenty-five or thirty, while an of husiness. Article 111.—Order of Besiness. excellent rule, that four successive absences shall be equivalent to a resig- 1. Itoh-Call. nation, insures constant, consecutive attendance. The second year has 2. Reading, correction, and adoption of minutes of the last meeting. opened with a membership almost doubled, which is not confined to under- 3. Installation of officers. 4. Nomination, election, and initiation of new meinhers. graduate students alone, for the roll contains the names of a number of 5. Election of officers. grmrt2luate students. JOHNS HOPKINS [No. 46.

... In closing, I will add the names of some of the bills which have been trade or industry, and which will produce in practice all the results ex- introduced and debated: Bill 3, on the Nicaragua Canal; Bill 4, Local pected of it, and no others. Option; Bill 5, Increase of U. S. Navy; Bill 10, to admit ex-Presidents There can be no better exercise, therefore, for any one, young or old, who to the Senate. wants to get at the bottom of a political or economical question, to test thoroughly his own acquaintance with it, and the practical value of his own (From a letter by “J. H. U., ‘83” in The Nation, N. Y. No. 1056, Dee. 3, 1585). ideas about it, than preparing a bill dealing with it, a.nd then defending and

... In times past greatdifficulty has been experienced ingetting the students explaining it before people who do not a~ree with him. And there can, together for this and kindred purposes, mainly from the fact that they are on the other hand, be no better preparation for the work of drafting bills scattered throughout the city, and do not find conventional debates sufficiently one’s self than criticising bills drafted by other people, in their presence, and alluring to entice them from their homes. In addition, the various courses after hearing them. And this sort of training is every day becoming more of study prescribed by the University leave but little time to read up the and more important because of the growing demand for the interference of many abstruse questions submitted for discussion. For the same reasons it the State in matters which fifty, or even twenty-five years ago, were gene- has been found almost impossible to place secret societies on a firm basis, rally considered wholly outside its jurisdiction. It is now constantly asked the social attractions of the outer world rendering such organizations super- to meddle with currency, with railroads, with labor, and tariW in ways fluous. Under these circumstances, the establishment of a mimic Lower which the last generation never thought. of. Most of the advocates of this House, where all the forms and ceremonials are gone through with, and interference think they have settled the matter when they 8how that it embryo Gladstones and Parnells “move Ihe previous question,” was a very would be humane or Christian for the State to interfere. But they rarely happy thought. or never touch the greatest question of all, in what manner the State But would it not have been better to model it on our own House of should interfere, and what would be the results near and remote of its Representatives—a body assuredly in no wise inferior to the British House interference. Now, if they could be seized, and organized in small com- of Commons in dignity, ability, or influence? Apart from an interest in mittees or cabinets, and compelled to produce bills carryin,, out their views, home institutions thus fostered, it would familiarize our future statesmen and to show before critical opponents how the bill would work in a given with the forms of procedure practised in Congress, and prove of incalculable comunity, what a flood of light would often be let in on their own minds, benefit to them in after life. The Johns Hopkins University has never, and how much vain speech we should be spared. hitherto, been accused of Anglomania. It is predn~inently sni generis—a In England this sort of exercise is not confined to young men in colleges. little Germanic in its predilections, if you like, but liberal and catholic Within the last few years, we are informed, 150 of these Parliaments have withal. This broadness, however, should not be carried to the extent of been organized in London and other cities, all on the model of the House developing Parliamentarians at the expense of Congressmen; for although of Commons, which men of all ages and pursuits join for the purpose ofpar- the matter discussed may as your correspondent says, make “good citizens ticipating in a thorough sifting of questions of the day in which they are and intelligent voters,” the manner of consideration is not in consonance interested, and which have not yet made their way into Parliament, and with American institutions. finding out what they do not know about them. .

(From an editorial article in The ELening Post, N. Y., December 3,1885). (From a letter by “A Member of tbe Hopkins house of Commons,” in The Nation, ... It is ob~jected by a correspondent whose letter we print elsewhere that N Y No 1067 Dcc 10 1885). American students should take as their model the Senate or House of Rep- Your correspondent (J. II. U., 1883) having admitted the superiority resentatix’es, and he would be right but for one thing. The rules of the of a mimic constitutional assembly over the stereotyped literary society, House of Representatives are nearly all made with the view of confining suggests as a model the House of Representatives, in preference to the the preparation and discussion of bills to the committee rooms, and shorten- British House of Commons. In vindication of our choice, I deem it only ing or preventing debate on them in the House. Debates in that House necessary to point out two cardinal instances in the methods of procedure accordingly are now rare and excite little attention, and above all want the practiced by the two bodies, wherein that of t.he British House of Commons personal element which nearly every great debate in the House of Commons is better adapted to meet the requirements of a debating society than that possesses. The Ministry being the author of all or nearly all legislation, of the lower house of Congress. the defeat of a bill means not simply its rejection, but the expulsion of its • First, it presents absolutely no check to debate, and although your cor- authors from power. In other words, the debate has a dramatic d~noue- respondent distinctly asserts that “it was a very happy thought” to estab- ment which increases enoI~mously the interest and excitement of the dis- lish a mimic House, where “embryo Gladstones and Parnells move the cussion. In our House of Representatives as well as in the Senate, on the previous question,” I would respectfully inform him that the underlying other hand, nobody in particular being responsible for legislation, nobody virtue of the constitution of the House of Commons, at least in so far as it suffers or gains in emolument or credit by its failure or success. The effect concerns the case in question, is that it positively prevents “embryo” (or of this on the character of our Connressional oratory everybody knows. The in fact real) Gladstones and Parnells from movinn the “previous question.” speeches are mostly essays, carefully written out beforehand, listened to by When, however, we compare with this the opportunity affirded for debate nobody, and really intended for the Uongressional Record. by the rules of the House of Representatives, we are at once opposed by an

The great objection to the old debating societies was that they cultivated intricate system of conomittee legislation, . . . which has become so oppres- facility in speaking without doing much for knowledge or thoughtfulness. sive that, to quote a correspondent in a recent edition of the New York The subjects selected were usually subjects for an essay rather than a speech Hierald, it has “crippled aud disabled the House, and very greatly dimin- —that is, were often far beyond the scope of contemporary interest and, at ished its influence.” It must therefore be evident, that to modify the rules all events, rarely afforded an opportunity to the contendin,, oratorsof brin,,- of the I-louse of Representatives by abolishing the various committees and ing their dispute to an issue. Whether Charles I suffered justly, or whether the use of the “previous question “ until they should conform to our needs, Washington or Cromwell was the greater man, or what are the relative the identit.y would so far be lost that we should hope in vain to secure the merits of direct and indirect taxation, are subjects which might be debated object desired by “J. H. U. ‘83 “—“to familiarize our future statesmen with for a month, without any other result than showing that a great deal could the forms of procedure practiced in Congress.” be said, and well said, on both sides. Secondly, our Constitution offers continual incentive for debate, for In such a Parliament as that started in Baltimore, however, one side has scarcely had our “House” been organized when there at once rose a party to begin by that best of all tests of a man’s comprehension of a political line which Ions been constantly growing better defined; and inasmuch as on question, the framing of abill to carry out his views. Of all known methods the defeat of a Ministry a new one must be appointed from the ranks of the of making a hole in a windbag, of revealing to a man, as well as to his Opposition, the one side is always striving to retain the honors and the neighbors, how much he knows, or does not know, of what he is talking other to win thoeno. In a mimic House of Representatives, the only honor about, and how much and what kind of consideration he has given lois sub- would be thoe Speakershoip, in whoich, at best, a change could only be made ject, the best is to ask him to embody his desires in a law which will be by election, every two or three months, while in our “House of Commons,” constitutional, which will not conflict with previous legislation, which the the honors may be won at any moment by an opposition made willing and courts can interpret, which can be easily executed, which will not derange anxious to debate by the prospect of “assuming the toils of office. .. JANUARY, 1886.] UNIVERSITY 01110 ULA115. 51 CURRENT NOTES. ADDITIONS TO TUE REGISTER OF STUDENTS. (See University Circular No. 44, pp. 16, etc., and No. 45, p. 53). Paris: SocidtO d’Economie Sociale: Bulletin. Prague: Czech Mathematical Society: Vublicatibns. FELLOWS BY COURTESY. GEORGE E. BREWER. Baltimore. Bay View Asylum. Revista pentru IstoPie Archeologie si Filologie. Bucharest, Roumania. M. B., harvard Uisiversity, 1885. Psychology. Revue d’Assyriologie et d’ArclmOologie Orientale. Paris. ELIAS J. MACEWAN. Agricultural Coil., Mich. 201 JV. Hoffman SI. A. B., Kalamazoo College, 1875, siod A. H. 1877; Professor in Michigan Agricultural Revue de l’Extrbme Orient. Paris. College. Esyliok e,sd Philosophy. Revue d’Ethnographie. Paris. JOHN PHELPS TAYLOR. Andover, Mass. 258 Linden Ag. Revue de la Legislation des Mines. Paris. A. B., Yale College, 1852, and A. H., 1867; Professor in Aisdover Theolo 0ieal Seminary. Revue du Monde Latin. Paris. Sheioitie Lasgoayeo. Revue Numismatique. Paris. GRADUATE STUDENTS. Rhode Island Historical Magazine. Newport. WILLIAM A. BLAIR. High Point, N. C. 120 N. Greene St. A. B., Haverford College, 1881; A. B. HarvardCollege, 1882. Philsosphy. Riga: Naturforsch. Verein: Publications. ALFRED H. BUCHERER. Ellrenfeld, Germany. 330 N Eutaw St. Sedalia, Mo.: Natural History Society: Publications. Cologise Gymnasium, 1883. Chemoiolry. Singapore: Straits Branch of Royal Asiatic Society: Publications. GILBERT II. HAMMOND. Yellow Springs, 0. 11 Franklin St. A. B., Unioss Cleristian Colle0e, 1876, and A. H., 1079; Professor of Latin, Autioeh College. Stockholm: K. V. Historiich. and Antiquitets Akadeniie: Publications. Lestin. Toronto: Canadian Institute: Publications. C. RICHMOND HARDING. Graham N. C. 57 N. Charles St. A. B., DavidsonColle0e, 1880. CinemA Venice: R. Dep. Veneto s. g. Studi di Storia Patria: Publications. CLIFTON F. HODGE. Janesvslle Wis. 91 McGulloh St. l~\Talford~s Antiquarian. London. A. B., Ripon College, 1882. Bssloyy Worcester, Mass.: Society of Antiquity: Publications. EDWARD A. SCHNEIDER. Baltlmore 226 Drecid Hill Ac. Ph. D., University of Freiburg, 1888 Chesssstry. CHARLES L. SMITH. R dei h ~ C. 120 N. Greene St. S. B., Wake Forest College, 1881 Iholosy ,eo,l Politico. LECTURES ON EDUCATIONAL TOPICS JOHN NI. VINCENT. Elvrll 0 35 McGeclloh St. IN HOPKINS HALL, SATURDAYS, AT 9.30 A. K. A. B., Oberlin College, 1.83. ifsolosy noel Poletico. (Preliminary Announcement). CANDIDATES FOR MAT ICULATION. The third annual course of Educational Lectures by various RICHARD C. DUNCAN. Elyria, 0. 24 ]JlicGeclloh St. Lehigle University. Groop II. members of the Fticulty began on Saturday, January 9, 1886. (1885-85. Total number meow eminrolled, 177 Graduate, and 129 Undergraduate Sludenls 396). By special request, DR. ISAAC H. HALL repeated, on that date, the sub- stanceof his lecture “on the reproduction of manuscript by typography,”— ADDITIONS TO THE LIST OF PERIODICALS IN CIRCULAR 42. a lecture which was introductory to his public course now in progrcss. Tine following list givei time litles ofthe pcriodicals a(ided to the catalogue ofIhose taken The regular course will be given as follows: by tile Library of time University since Ihe pmmbhication of time general hot in Cireselur No. 42, September, 1885. The Iota) number of periodicals regularly recoived by the Library January 16. D. C. GILMAN: The Obstacles and the Aids to Success in exceed 750. an Intellectual Life, wlmich will be met by young Americans. American Law Review. St. Louis, Mo. Jascuary 23. A. M. ELLIOTT: The Realgymnasiuns Question. Janeetary 30. H. WOOD: The Romantic Ideal in Education. Antiqnarische Tidskrift fOr Sveri0e. Stockholm. February 6. H. B. ADAMS: History in American Universities. Archivio Veneto. Venice. February 13. Athens: Ecole Fran~aise d’Archdologie: Bulletin. February 20. R. T. ELY: The Educational Value of Trades’ Unions. February 27. E. M. HARTWELL: The Health of Students: how secured Bibliographisch. Anzeiger f. Roman. Sprachen u. Litteratnren. Leipsic. and prolnoted. Botanical Gazette. Indianapolis. Lectures will also be given by PRoFEssoRs HALL, HAUPT, and REMSEN. Brooklyn: Long Island IlistoriCal Society: Publications. BrookYille, md.: Society of Natural Science: Publications. Brussels: Socidtd Royale Malacologique de Belgique. LECTURES ON SPECIAL TOPICS IN CHEiWISTRY. Bulletin Astronomique. Paris. The annual course of lectures on special topics in Chemistry Bulletin de CorrespondanCe Helidnique. Athens. will be given in Lecture Room B of the Chemical Laboratory, Bulletino di Arclieologia e Storia l)almata. Spalato. on successive Fridays, at 10 a. in., as folloxvs: Casopis. Prague. February 5,12. IRA REMSEN: Baeyer’s Investigations on thePhthaleins. Christian Register. Boston. February 19. W. H. EMERSON: Investigations on the Oxidation of Church Review. New York. Ketones. Correspondenz-Blatt d. Deutsch. Gesellsch. f. Anthropologie, etc. Munich. February 26. J. H. KASTLE: On Thiophene and its Derivatives. Dorpat, Russia: Naturforsch. Gesellschaft: Publications. .llfarch 5. C. W. HAYES: Fittig’s Illvestinations on the AromaticHydro- carbons. Emden: Gesellschaft f. Bildende Knust, etc.: Jahrbnch. March 12. C. S. PALMER: TheEarlier Historyof the Clsemistryof Indigo. E~8l~ucplf ‘Ap~aco2~ooysn~. Athens. March 19. J. R. DUGGAN: On Hydroxylamine. Erlangen: Physikal.-Medicinische Societilt: Publications. March 26. J. F. WOODHIJLL: On Nitrification. Glasgow: Observatory of University: Publications. April 2. W. R. ORNDORFF: On Rosanihine. April 9. E. RENOUF: Onthe Hydrazines. Innsbruck: Institut f. Oesterr. Gescliichtsforschung: Mittheilungen. April 16. R. N. BRACKETT: Meyer’s Investigations on the Nitro- Journal of American Medical Association. Cilicago. paraffins. Kasan: Physico-Mathematical Society: Publications. April 23. C. J. BELL: Syntheses by means of Aluminium Chlogide. Latine at Graece. New Brunswick, N. J. April 30. W. H. HoBBs: On the Specific Gravity of Chlorine, Bromine, Lincoln, Neb.: Nebraska State Historical Society: Publications. alld Iodine at High Temperatures. May 7,14. H. N. MORSE: The History of Phosphorus. London: Royal Historical Society: Publications. Modena: SociOtO des Naturalistes: Publications. No. 2 of Volume S of the AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS is now Munich: Deutsche Gesell. f. Anthropologie, etc.: Publications. Nenphilologische Studien. Paderborn. sn press. It contains the following papers: New England Magazine. Boston. On the Lissear Defferential Eqseation schose FundamesslalIsnteyrols are the Suc- New Princeton Review. New York. cessive Derivatices of the Same Functiose (concluded). By THOMAS CRAIG. Oso Perpetsants, with Application to the Theory of Finite Qecantics. By J. Nouvelles Soirdes Canadiennes. Ottawa. HAMMOND. Nuovo Cimento. Pisa. Note on Space Divisions. By E. H. MOORE, JR. and C. N. LiTTLE. Observatory. London. Note on a Roulette. By A. V. LANE. Occident. San Francisco. The Cubi-Quadric System. By J. HAMMOND. On the Singularities of Ckcrves of Double Gurvature. By HENRY B. FINE. Paris: SociOtO do Linguistique: MOmoires. On a LinearDifferential Equation of the Second Order. By THOMAS CRAIG. [No. 46. 52 JOHNS hOPKINS

PilYSICS AT THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY. lengths compared by the micrometers attached to the microscopes; or one (From a letter in Science, New York, December 18, 1885). microscope only need be used, and slid first against the stop at one end, and THE large and well-appointed laboratories recently erected by the trustees then against that at the other end. The instrument also affords great facility of the Johns Hopkins University for the chemical and biological depart- in determining fractions of a given length with any desired degree of pre- ments have by contrast made the more evident the needs of the physical cision. The instrument is one requiring the utmost skill in its construction, department, which has bcen obliged to occupy temporarily parts of four and it cost several thousand dollars to make it. A full account of this different buildings. The trustees, recognizing this need, are now erecting remarkable instrument is given in the Proceedings of the American Acad- a building for a physical laboratory. The new laboratory is to be a hand- emy of Arts and Sciences for 1882—83. K. some building of red brick, trimmed with brown sandstone, and will occupy a fine site about a block from the other university buildings, ou the corner of a quiet little street midway between the more important streets, which SIR WILLIAM THOMSON TO THE COEFFICIENTS. carry the bulk of the traffic of that region. It will therefore be as free (From a letter in Science, New York, January 1, 1886). from disturbance from the earth vibrations as could be expected in a city. I know of no easierway to reach those for whom the enclosed message was The building will be 115 feet long by 70 feet broad, and will have four especially intended than through the columns of Science. At the same time, stories besides the basement. In the centre of the buildin~, and below the I believe it will be read with great interest by many who were not of the basement, are several vaults for instruments requiring to be used at a constant somewhat limited number referred to. To such a brief explanation may temperature, also a fire-proof vault for storage. In these vaults will be be due — placed Professor iRowland’s dividing-engine, by which the diffraction 0rat- At the close of the course of lectures by Sir William Thomson, at Balti- in~s are ruled, and the Rogers-Bond comparator, which has recently become more, in October, 1884, it was determined by those who, through the cour- the property of the university. In the basement will be rooms for the tesy of the Johns Hopkins University, had enjoyed the privilege of listening mechanical workshop, for furnaces, and for piers for instruments requiring to the course, to present Sir William with a memento of the occasion which great stability. The first floor will include the main lecture-room, which had been, to them, of such unusual interest. Under the circumstances, will accommodate 150 persons, and rooms for investigations by advanced nothin0 could have been more fitting for this purpose than one of Professor students in heat and electricity. The second floor will contain mathematical Rowland’s large concave gratings, which was accordingly agreed upon. lecture-rooms, studies for instructors, and a room for the mathematical and Several months were required for the manufacture and examination of a physical library of the university. grating which was entirely satisfactory to Professor Rowland; but early The elementary laboratory will be on the third floor, which will also in the past summer it was completed, and transmitted to Sir William have rooms for more advanced work. The fourth floor will contain rooms Thomson through the kindness of the secretary of the Smithsonian Institu- for special work in light. tion. Professor George Forbes of London was present during the course of There will be a tower on the south-east corner of the building, which will lectures, and Lord Rayleigh attended a number of them. In the equations have two rooms above the fourth floor. The upper of these will be pro- of motion developed in the work there appeared twenty-one coefficients, vided with telescope and dome, and will be a convenient observatory when a~recina in number nearly, if not exactly, with the number of persons in great steadiness in the instruments is not required. There will be power regular attendance upon the lectures. This relation was quickly noticed in the building for driving the machinery in the workshop and for running by some one, and was made the basis of some humorous verses composed by the dynamo-machines. A large section of the building is to be made entirely the genial and witty Forbes, which were read at a reception given to the free from iron. The sash-weights will be of lead, and the gas-pipes of brass. class by President Gilman, and were afterward published. Their title was Brackets will be attached to the walls, on xvhich galvanometers and cathe- “The lament of the twenty-one coefficients in parting from each other and tometers may be placed. In order to avoid the inconvenience of having from their much esteemed molecule.” piers go up through the lower rooms, and yet to secure steadiness, beams The first stanzabegan have been introduced into the floors, which reach from one wall to the other “An reolotropic molecule was looking at the view, Surronnded by his coefficients, twenty-one or two;” between the regular floor-beams, and do not touch the floor at any point. If, now, a table is made to rest on t~vo of these beams, by making holes in and the whole will always possess much interest to those who were present. the floor over them to admit the legs of a~ table, it is entirely undisturbed With this explanation, I justify the title which I have given to the follow- lay any one walkin,,, over the floor, except by such motion as is transmitted ing selections from a letter recently received from Sir William Thomson. to the walls. There will also be a small vertical shaft in the wall of the T. C. M. tower, running frons top to bottom, in which a mercurial manometer may WAssSsNOTON, D. C., December 28. be set up. Sut WILLIAM THoMsoN’s LETTER. The vaults for constant temperature have been built with double walls, I wrote to Professor Rowland, acknowledging the receipt of the grating; so that a current of air may be drawn between them whenever desirable but I ought before now to have thanked all the other coefficients for their to prevent dampness. It is expected that the laboratory will be ready by kindness in giving it to me. I should feel greatly obliged if you would October next. transmit to those of the coefficients who are in America my heartiest thanks The photographic map of the spectrum upon which Professor Rowland for their great kindness, and say to them that the grating will be a permanent has expended so much hard work during the past three years is nearly memorial to me of the happy three weeks of 1884, when we were together ready for publication. . . . (See page 41 of this Oircuiar). in Baltimore. . . . After the British Association meeting at Aberdeen, I The Rogers-Bond comparator, which has been already referred to as hav- was delighted to be able to show tIme grating to some of our English appre- ing been purchased by the university lately, is one of two instruments that ciators,—including one of the coefficients, George Forbes, and Lord Ray- were constructed in 1881 by Pratt & Whitney of Hartford, Conn. The leigh, whom we may consider as, at all events, a partial coefficient; and general plan and requirements were made out by Prof. W. A. Rogers of Professor Fitzgerald of Trinity College, Dublin; Oliver Lodge of Liver- Cambridge, and the drawings and details were worked out by Mr. George pool; Glazebrooke of Cambridge; and Captain Creak of the compass M. Bond, then a student at Stevens Institute. The comparator was designed department of our admiralty—who came to stay with us at Netherhall, for making exact comparisons of standards of length. The other similar our country house, for a few days, on their way south. We had no sun- comparator is owned by the Pratt & Whitney manufacturing company, and light to work with, but we got the double sodium light in the first and is used by them in testing and constructing their standard guages. second spectrums from a salted spirit-lamp flame exceedingly well, and we The instrument consists essentially of two microscope carriages, which were all delighted with the result. I had never myself seen anything like slide on two parallel cylindrical steel ways between stops, which may be it before. clamped at any point. A carriage entirely independent of the ways on WILLIAM THOMSON. which the microscopes slide, supports the two bars to be compared, and is TimE IJNIvEEsITY, Glasgow, Decemaber 5. provided with means of accurate and rapid adjustment, by which the bars may be successivelybrought into position under the microscopes, and the JANUARY, 1886.1 UNIFEI?SITY CIBOULA ]?S. 53

HOPKINS SCHOLARSHIPS. SPECIAL ATTENTION IS CALLED TO THE FOLLOWING REGULATIONS.

Regulations amended by the Board of Trustees, January 4, 1886. second year, will receive the appointment, provided that number In the will of the founder of the University, his, Trustees are of candidates be found worthy. requested to “establish, from time to time, such number of free II. scholarships in the said University as may be judicious, and to HOPKINS ScHOLARsHIPs. distribute the said scholarships among such candidates from the At the beginning of each academic year, after the matricu- States of Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina, as may be lation examinations are over, there will be held a special most deserving of choice, because of their character and intel- examination of candidates for ten ordinary Hopkins Scholarships. lectual promise, and to educate the young men so chosen free Students from the States above named who have just completed of charge.” their matriculation examinations will be eligible. In accordance with this request, the Trustees have established In addition, five ordinary Hopkins Scholarships will be given thirty-eight such scholarships, of which twenty (yielding free tui- at the end of each academic year to those students from the tion) are designated as ordinary Hopkins Scholarships and eighteen States above named, whose records in the regular work of the first (yielding free tuition and an annual stipend of $250) are desig- year show that they stand next in order to those who have received nated as Honorary Hopkins Scholarships. Holders of scholar- the Honorary Hopkins Scholarships; and five ordinary Hopkins ships are not free from laboratory fees. Schplarships will likewise be awarded to those whose work, as Of the eighteen Honorary Hopkins Scholarships six are open shown by the records, has been best in the second year courses. to students from Maryland, six to students from Virginia, and six Summary. to students from North Carolina.. The ordinary Hopkins Schol- By the foregoing arrangements it is apparent that ten scholar- arships are open to students from any of those States. Students ships are open to students from the favored States at the beginning can be recognized as candidates only when actual residents of the of the college course; fourteen (of which nine are Honorary) at States from which they desire to be appointed, during at least the the close of the first year; and fourteen again (of which nine are year next preceding their enrolment in the university. If the Honorary) at the close of the second year, tenable in all cases for appointing Board is not sure as to the legal residence of any the year subsequent to the appointment. candidate, the point in question shall be determined by the Exec- WASHINGTON SCHOLARSHIPS. utive Committee of the Board of Trustees. The Trustees offer txvo scholarships, yielding free tuition, to These scholarships are all bestowed for conspicuous merit, are residents of the District of Columbia. These, like the Hopkins open only to matriculated undergraduate students from the speci- Sdholarships, are awarded for merit, do not carry exemption from fied States, and are tenable for the year subsequent to the laboratory fees, and are tenable for one year, the holders being appointment,—the holders being re-eligible. eligible for re-appointment. Successful candidates who are disposed, for the benefit of others or for any other reason, to waive the remission of tuition fees or At a meeting of the Board of Colleniate Advisers, December 5, 1885, it the other pecuniary emolument, may do so, and still have their was voted “that the live vacant ordinary Ilopkimms Scholarships be given to names retained on the honor list. The scholarships may be for- fully-matriculated students from the States of Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina —two to the students with the best records who have com- feited because of prolonged absence, defective scholarship, or pleted six out of the nine subjects in one of the regular groups; and three unworthy conduct. to the students with the best records who have completed three out of the nine subjects in one of the regular groups.” Scholarships made vacant by resignation, by forfeiture, or by The Board subsequently voted that no one should be appointed to an the non-appearance of worthy candidates at the regular times of ordinary Hopkins Scholarship, the average of whose marks is less than selection may be bestowed by the appointing board, at their dis- “good.” Upon a scrutiny of the marks the following persons were found worthy and upon them the scholarships are accordingly bestowed: cretion, upon other candidates who are found worthy, provided W. S. Bichelberger, of Baltimore that the principles of this foundation are not departed from. J. B. Harry, of Baltimore, who have completed the work of the first and second years ;—and In case the holder of an honorary scholarship gives it up IR. M. McLane, of Baltimore, for any reason, during the course of a session, such part of the J. W. Williams, of Baltimore, stipend will be paid to him as seems equitable to the Executive who have completed the work of the first year. Committee of the Board of Trustees. The minor regulations in H. B. ADAMS, Secretary pro tern., Board of Collegiate Advisers. respect to the method of selection are to be prescrihed by the December 24, 1881. Board of Collegiate Advisem HONORARY HOPKINS ScHoLARs, 188.5—80. (Appointed, 1883). (Appointed, 1885). Regulations amended by the Board of Collegiate Advisers, W. C. L. Gorton, Maryland. G. P. Dreyer,. Maryland. W. F. Smith,. Maryland. iR. C. Gildersleeve, Maryland. December 12, 1885. A. C. Woods, Maryland. W. Ii. Miller, Maryland. I. (Appointed, 1884). W. F. Willoughby,. Virginia. B. C. Applegarth, Maryland. W. W. Willoughby, Virginia. HoNoRARY HOPKINS SCHOLARSIIIPs. T. Hough Vireinia.a J. H. T. McPherson, Maryland. The Honorary Hopkins Scholarships will be awarded at E. L. White,. Maryland. the end of each academic year on the basis of the records of the HOPKINS SCHOLARS, 1885—86. year’s work just completed. The three students from each of the (Appointed, 1888). W. S. Fichelberger, Maryland. States above named who have the best records in the regular work H. H. Ballard, Maryland. J. B. Harry, Maryland. of the first year, and the three from each of the States above H. M. Brown, Maryland. H. M. McLane, Jr., Maryland. A. L. Browne, Maryland. C. E. Simon, named who have the best records in the regular work of the Maryland. W. L. Devries, Maryland. J. W. Williams, Maryland. 54 JOHNS HOPKINS [No. 46.

HOPKINS HALL LECTURES AT 5 P. M.

MICRO-ORCANISMS IN DISEASE. VII. Goethe. Dn. WILLIAM H. WELCH, Professor of Pathology, will give (Tuesday, March 16). nine lectures to Physicians and to students of Biology on Micro- His youth. Early poems. His peetic development as illustrated by organisms in Disease, beginning Wednesday, February 3, and con- them. Genieperiode. Goetz. Werther. tinuing on successive Wednesdays, at 5 o’clock, until March 31. VIII. The lectures will be illustrated by cultures and microscopic Goethe. slides of pathogenic organisms. (Friday, March 19). Goethe in Weimar. Frau von Stein. Lyric poems. Iphigenie. Tasso. The subjects to be considered in the lectures are: Journey to Italy. The history of our knowledge concerningthe relations of micro-organisms Ix. to fermentation and putrefaction and to disease. Schiller. The classification and biology of bacteria in general. (Tuesday, March 23). The methods of demonstration and ofcultivation of bacteria. His youth. Early dramas and lyric poems. Study of Kant’s philosophy. • General characters of infectious diseases. What is necessary in order to prove the causation of a given disease by a specific organism? x. Modes of infection. Bacteria in air, ground, water, and food. Goethe and Schiller. Bacteria in healthy human beings. (Friday, March 26). Micro-organisms in special diseases, such as tuberculosis, splenic f~ver, Schiller’s great dramas. His ethical and sthetic principles as embodied in his poems. Mutual influence of Goethe and Schiller. cholera, typhoid fever, leprosy, relapsing fever, erysipelas, pneumonia, sup- pnrations, malaria, etc. XI. Diagnosis of diseases by recognition of micro-organisms. Goethe and Schiller. Theories as to action of bacteria in disease. Ptomaines. (Tuesday, April 2). Doctrine of immunity. Attenuation of virus. Preventive inoculation. Goethe’s Wilhelm Meister, Hermann und Dorothea, Balladen. Corres- Disinfectants. Bearings of the germ-doctrine of diseaseon sanitation and pondence with Schiller. on the prophylaxis and treatment of disease. XII. Goethe’s Faust. (Friday, April 5).

CERMAN LITERATURE. GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY To THE LECTURES ON GERMAN Dn. JuLIus GOEBEL, Instructor in German, will give a course LITERATURE. Schsaidt, Juliea. Gesehiebte der deulsehen Literatur seit Lessing’s Tod. Leipzig, 1866. of twelve lectures (in German) on the German Literature ofthe 18th H. P. century, beginning Tuesday, February 23, and continuing on suc- Hcttaes-, H Gesehiclite der deutschen Literatur ira 18 Jalsrhundert. Braunschweig, cessive Fridays and Tuesdays till April 2. 1872. H. P. Biedermann, K. Deutschland ira 15 Jalirhondert. Leipzig, 1880. I. Strauss. Kielne Schriften. Berlin, 1866. P. Introduction. Dcsszel. Lessing, scm Leben und seine Werke. H. P. Schmidt, Erich. Lessin g. 1886. (Tuesday, February 23). Haym, R. Herder, 1888-56. H. P. The art of poetry.—Yolks-and Kunstpoesie.—Short sketch ofthe develop- Ricgcr, iLl. Kiluger in der Storm- stud Drangperiode. Dsrmstadt, 1t81. ment of German literature before Klopstock.—Difierent methods oftreating Bernays, Al. Per jonge Goethe. Leipzig, 1876. P. the history of literature. Griasm, H. Goetises Lehen. II. P. II. SchSll, A. Goethe in dca Haoptziigen seines Lebeus. Berlin, 1882. Ilcttsscr, IL Die rososolisehe Schole. aruouschwdg, 1850. Klopstock. Hssmbeld, TV.s’. Goethe’s Herm. ond Doroihes. l3raonschweig, 1882. H. P. (Friday, February 26). unpin, 1?. Die rosuantisehe Schole. Berlin, 1870. His life and development—The first three cantos of the “Messias.”— Ditthcp, TI’. Leben 5chleiermachers. Berlin, 1870. Impression upon his contemporaries—Illustration by a short specimen. Fischer, F. Goethe’s Faust. Stutlgart.,1875. H. P. Criticism of the work. Gcsriirc. Die Poesie. Leipzig, 1884. ‘IT. Klopstock. (Tuesday, March 2). His “Oden.” The new ideas contained in them. Specimens. Criticism. RECENT DISCOVERIES IN ASSYRIA. Influence upon Goethe. IV. Dn. WILLIAM HAYES WARD, of New York, Director of the Lessing. (Friday, March 5). Wolfe Expedition to Assyria, will give two lectures on Recent Life and development. Criticism before Lessing. Lessing as a critic. Discoveries in Assyria, on Thursday, February 18, and Friday, Literaturbriefe. Laokoon. Hamb. Dramaturgie. Theological quarrels. February 19, 1886. V. Lessing. (Tuesday, March 9). Lessing as a poet. Early dramas. Lyric poetry. His dramatic master- FRENCH LITERATURE. works. Lessings position in the mental history of Germany. M. IRABILLON, Lecturer on French Literature, will give a VI. course of seventeen lectures (in French) on French Literature, Herder. (Friday, i\Iarch 12). beginning Saturday, January 9, 1886, and continuing on suc- His life and development. Hamaun. Kant. Revolutionizing ideas. cessive Saturdays to May 8. Yolkslied, Homer, Shakespeare, the Bible. Influence upon the younger generation. Sturm- und Drangperiode. JANUARY, 1886.] UJYIVEBSITY CIRC ULARS.

PROFESSOR ISAAC H. HALL’S LECTURES ON THE HISTORY For Plantin and the Antwerp Polyglott, see Max. Rooses, Chr. Plantin, &c., Antwcrp, 1882, and Cat, of Music Plantin, by the same; Backer and Ruclens, Annales de lImpri- OF THE PRINTED NEW TESTAXENT. meric Plantinienne, Brussels, 1865; Degeorge, La Maison Plantin, Brtmssels, 1878; An- nales typogr. Plantin, Bulletin du Bibliophile Beige, 1856. (MONDAYS, TUESDAYS, AND THURSDAYS, JANUARY 4—FEBRUARY 16). For the Paris Polyglott, Le Long, Discourses historiques stir les princip. ed. des Bibles Polyglottes, Paris, 1713; Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. ~6nirale; Kitto’s Cyclopadia. (See detailed programme on p. 29 of fJirculer 45.) VI. Theodore Beza (de B~sze) (1519—1605), and his Descendants. OUTLINE BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR STUDENTS. (Thursday, January 14). (For a guide only; and to’be enlarged and supplemented, in use, from the information The works ofLa Fays, Geneva, 1606; Schiosser, Ileidelb 1809 Baum, Leipzig, 1843, and references given in the works enumerated). 1851; Heppe, Elbcrf., 1861. Also, Herzog’s and Schaff’s Cyclopix; I. H. Ball’s Amner. Gr. Tests., and authorities there cited; and especially Reuss. Also, Dibdin, Maseb, Ac., (.1st General; to be consulted for the whole course). for old mistakes. Also, Ezra Abbot in Introd. to Schad’s Revision of the English (1). Prolegomena to Mill’s Gr. N. T., Oxford, 1707; or Ktister’s Mill, Amsterdam aud Version. Itotterdam, 1710, Leipzig, 1723, 1746. VII. The Rizevirs (1583—1680) and their Followers. (2). Prolegomena to J. J. Wetstein’s Gr. N. T., Amsterdam, 1751; or Semler’s edition, (Monday, January 18). 1764. (3). Prolegomena to Tischendorf’s Gr. N. Tests, of 1840 1842 en Brunet. Alphonse Willems, Les Elzevier, Ac., Brux. and Par 1880, and author, cited. and Abbot) 1884. (All Leipzig). , , t. maj 1859, (Gregory Rerzog’s and Schaff’s Cyclopp. The scattered literature is imnmense. (4). Westcott and Hort’s Gr. N. T. 1881 (Cambridge), vol. ii; N. Y. edition, Introduc- tion to vol. i, and vol. ii, 1881, ‘82. VIII. The Elzevir Descendants (1663, and later). (5). Tregelles’ Home’s Introduction to the Holy Scriptures, vol. iv, London, 1866, and (Tuesday, Jantmary 19). subsequent editions. Also Tregelles’ Account ofthe Printed Text of the N T Lou Chiefly scattered in the bibliographies and the biographical dictionaries. Histories of 1854; also his Apocalypse, 1844. . .~ done (6). Reinbard, (J. B.); Be N. T. Primis Editoribus, Wittenberg, 1717. English printing, and the better bibliographies of the English Bible, to be consulted with (7). Scrivener’s Plain Introduction to N. T. Criticism, 3d ed,, Cambridge, 1883. profit. Also, R. Simon, Hist.Crit. N. F.; and espceiall~Dibdin and Lowudes. licuss, & (8). Reuss, (Ed.), History of the Sacred Scriptures of the N. T., translated by E. L. Baumgarten, above; Roseumfiller, Bibl. Lit.; Hall, Amer. Gr. Tests. Houghton, Boston, 1884. (The most valuable for bibliographical references). (9). Schaff, (Philip), Companion to the Gr. T.. 2d ed N Y 1885 lx. The Stephanic-Elzevir and Rizevir-Plantin Descendants (10). Reuss, (Ed.), Bibliotheca N. F., Gr., Strassburg, 1872. (Most important work in (1633, and later). the series). (Thursday, January 21). (11). Hall, (1. H.), American Gr. Tests., Philadelphia, 1883. (12). Articles in Smith’s Bible Dictionary, Amgrican edition (of the highest impor- Prolegomena to Mill’s, Bengel’s, and Wetitein’s Gr. N. Tests. The older and newer tance for itsreferences); Herzog and Putt’s, Meyer’s, Schati’s, and other encyclopedias; bibliographies useful; not so the Introfid. to N. F. Lowudes. Adler’s accounts of his Riebm’s and other dictionaries, to be consulted under the proper word or subject, are journeys and those of his fellows, in his various works pub. at Copenhagen, about 1781. usually of great value; but not to be relied on without verifying the references. The Also, Whitby, Examen, 1710; Bode’s Pseud-Crit. Millio-Bengel., Halle, 1707. same is ti ue of the Dictionaries of Biography and of Literalure (especially of National Literature); of which the best are in French, Dutch, Latin, and German. Articles in the X. Critical Attempts before Griesbach (1709—1780). periodicals, old and new, are frequently the only existing sources; and by all means to (Monday, January 25). b e looked up when referred to in works mentioned in this Outline. Ileuss, especially, and author, by him cited, but, if possible, the original N.Tests, and (13).’ Maseb, (A. Tb.), Le Long’s Bibliotheca Sacra, Halle, 1788. their Prolcgg. For Wells, Mace, and Harwood, thottgh important, opposition has made (14). Le Long, (Jac.), Bibliotheca Sacra, Paris, 1723. booksvery rare. But see Leon. Twells, Crit. Exam, of theLate N.T.. 1732; Lilienthal, Bug. (Ii). Baumgarten, (Jac.), Nacbrichten von Merkwtirdigen Bilehern, and Nacbrichten Bibl.; Baumgartcn, Goeze, Masch, Biblioth. Sussex.; Marsh’s Michaclis, and Gregory’s TOO einer Halliseben Bibliolbek. Halle, 1748—1758. Bug. Prolegg. For Bentley, Jebbi life, and auth. there cited; also, especially, Gregory’s (16). Knoch, (G. L. 0.),Bibliotheca Biblica, &c., 1752; and Nachr. v. d. Bibelsammiung Prolegg. to Tisebend., and Wordsworth’s ed. of the St. Germain Lat. MS. liurk’s Ben- zu Braunscbweig, 1749. gel’s Leben and Werken, Stuttgardt, 1831; Wiichtcr’s Bengel’s Lebensabriss, 865. Also, (17). Lorck, (Josias), Bibelgesehiebte, 1779, ‘83. Herzog and Schatl’, Encyclopp., Hagenbach’s J. J. Wetetein, Ac., in Iligen’s Zeitscbm’. L (18’. Goeze, (lob. Melehior), Yerzeicbniss meiner Dibelsammiung, 1777. d. blat. Theologie, and atmthorities cited by Reuss. For Bowyer, Eruesti, Biblioth. tlmeol (19). Adler, (J. G. C.), Bibliotheca Biblica, &c. Lorekiana, 1787. (20). Bibliotheca Sussexiana, ‘r. J. Pettigrew, 1827, 1839. Brit. Magazine, II., & Encyclop. Britaimnica. (21). Catalogues of the public and larger libraries; the great bibliographies of Brunet, XI. Griesbacla (1745—1812), his Opponents and Descendants. Lowndes, Clark (Bibliographical Diet.), Darling, and Dibdin; with smaller works like Harwood’s Classics, are of general, but less special importance here. (Tuesday, January 26). The older works not mentioned are in general either superseded orsufficiently referred Griesbach’s own works; Prolegg. to N. Tests., Symbol. Crit., and Meletemata. Ammgusti, to in the above. Ucher Griesh’s Verdienste, Breslan, 1812. Rums, above, but also his art, in Hereog; For Lists of Test Readings throughout, Reuss’ Bibliotheca is at present sufficient, VT. and Hort’s Cr. F.. vol. ii; Schaff’s Companion. For others than Gricsb., authorities though not now covering the entire field. cited in licuss’ list. N. F. Also, the various N.T. Introductions. I. Introduction. XII. Griesbach-Rizevir Descendants (1788—1840). (Monday, January 4). (Thursday, January 28). See particularly Introduction to (10), and vol. ii of(8). For Early Greek printing, the Literatitre all scattered. Best key in Reuss, the bibliographies, thelibrary catalogues, great works on Incunabula by Panzer and Ham. Workslike Mabatly’s I-Iistory 01’ (1 reek and periodical literature; the last, American as well as foreign. Literature are useful for superficial purposes. The information is scattered and to be picked up in special works on local matters. For other matters not above included, XIII. Minor Critical Editors since Griesbach (1788—1840). Erasmus’s Epistles, in his Whole Works, Leiden, 1701—6. (Monday, February 1). Reuss is best ingeneraL See also Gregory’s Prolcgg , Schaff’s Companion; articles in II. The Complutensinn Polyglott (1514—1517), and the work Ilemzog’s Eneyclop.; Scliolz’s Biblisch-Kritische Reise, amid Curac Crit. in list. Textus of Erasmus (1466—1536). Es-v.; l’r&elless pretatory matterto Eng. 1-lexapla (in us early editions only); accoumils (Tuesday, January 5). in translations of Meyer’s Commentaries; Bloomfield, Crit. Annotations to N. F. Also, recent Introdd. 10 N. F.; Schad’s Companion, and authorities thereincited. For Complut., (10) above; W. B. Tentzel, Be Biblils Polyglott., Witteob., 1686; Hot- tinger, Bibliotbecar. Quadrip.; H. van der Hardt, Memoria Ximnenii, Helnet., 1717; XIV. Lachmann (1793—1851), and his Followers. Stuss, Be Natalitils Librorum, Gflttingen, 1742; 5. Seemiller, Dc Bibliis Complut., ‘In- golst., 1785; Hefele, Der Card. Ximines, Leipzig, 1871; Tregelles, Account of the Printed (Tuesday, February 2). Text, &c., London, 1854, and (9)—For Erasmus, (1), 2), (5), 16), ~8), (9), (10); and Studien n. Kritiken, (Heidelberg) 1830, p. 817 If. Biography of Laehmann by Herz, the Biographies ofMtiller, 1828; Drummond, 1873; Gilly, 1879; and article by Stiihelin in Berlin, 1831; also Jacob Grimm’s Rede ammf Lach,nann, in his Auswabl aims dcii Ricin- Ilerzog’s Encykiop.; also Erasmus’s Epistles, Autobiography, and prefaces to his various eren Sebriften, Berlin, 1871; article by Von Gcbhardt in Hcrzog’s Encyclop.; Tregelles, works; Delitzsch’s Handschriftliche Funde, 1861, ‘62. account of Printed Textof N. F.: Ezra Abbot, in SchaffsEucyclop.; Schaff’s Companion; Scrivener’s Introd., and tIme later lntrodd. generally. Ezra Abbot’s review ofButtmnaun III. Complutensian and Erasmian Descendants (1519, and later). in Bib. Sac., Oct., 1858. But see Reuss’s list. N. F. (Thursday, January 7). XV. Historic editions of the New Testament, down to this point. Reuss, Maseb, Knoch,Mill, and Goeze, Baumgarten, Lorek, above; Birch, Praefatio ad Evv.; and the Introductions to the N.‘1’. of Hu~ and uichhorn. Also, for the Aldines; (Thursday, February 4). Brunet, Dibdin; A. Renonard, Annales &c. des Aldes, &e., Paris, 1834; Didot’s Aide Knowledge mostly special; and to be gathered from collections only. See, however, Manuce, 1873. For Gerbel; P. A. Boyesen, Dc Codd. Gr. Lutheri, 1723; F. Eckhard, on Reuss’s Bibliotheca; Schaff’s Companion; Gregory’s Prolegomena; Mitchell’s Critical the same, 1723; J. G. Palm, Ite Codd. Lutheri, Hamb., 1735; J. F. Eckhard, An Cod. Hatadbook; and the Introductions to N. F. Gerbel. usus sit Luth., Isen., 1762. A book on same subject by Aug. Liebrich, Strasab., 1857. For Colinaeus, Reuss especially, also Mill, and the introductory matter to Beza’s XVI. Tischendorf (1815—1874); his Life, Work, and Editions. largerGr. Tests.; Griesbach’s Symbolse Critiese, and the Introductions to N. F. gene- (Monday, February 8). rally. For Van Ess, the periodical literature cited by Reuss. For the Basle printers, Reuss; Prolegomena to various editions of Tisehendorfi Cr. N. Tests.; Tischendorf the best material is scattered. Aims dim Heiligems Lande, Relic in den Orient, Die Sinaibibel, Notitia Cod. Simm ; Pro- lcgg. to 5vo ed. ofhis Sin. NT.; Aneedota Inedita; Colleclio Nova; the Prolegg. to his IV. Robert Stephen (Estienne) (1503—1559), and his Descendants. Cod. Ephrcm, (od. Claromontan, amad other works. Volbeding. Tiseb. i. a. 25 j8hrig. (Monday, January 11). scbriftst. Wirksamk. ; Gregory in Bib. Sac., Jan., 1876; Von Gebhardt, in Herzogs En- Mattaire, Hist. Stephanorum, London, 1709; A. A. Renonard, Annales de lImpri- cyclop.; Ezra Abbot its Unitarian Review, March, 1875; Schaff’sComupaniomi; Gregory’s’ merie des Estienne, Paris, 1837; Reuss’s art, in Herzog Encyclop.; and Knoch and Prole~g. to Tiseb. N. F.; Am Sar Lorck, above. 0e und Crabe Tischendorf’s, coutaimin~ funeral ad- For the division into verses, article by I. H. Hall in Schaff’s Encycloptedia, and dresses, &c. The literature is very volumimious. Thayer’s article iii Ummitariami Revies authorities there cited. amid life Ac. of Ezra Abbot, 1884; and volume “Ezra Abbot” pub. by Harvard Diviui& The London Poly,,lott is its own best authority (most others copy, merely); but see Sch.authorities. Schaff’s Companion, and authorities cited in its foot notes. XVII. Tregelles (1813—1875), and the Editors ofRecent Mixed Texts. V. Erasmo-Stephanic and Compluto-Stephanic Descendants (Tmmesday, Fetiruary 9). (1552, and later). For Muralt., see especiallythe Prolegomena to Tischendorf’s Cr. N.F., ed. Lipsiensis, secimuta, 1842. For Alford, biography by his widosv. For editors before ‘t’regell s, (Tuesday, January 12). —Remiss. Schaif, Herzo,,, and the N. F. editions themselves. For Tregelles,. espe- The bibliographies, above, are best. But see Int. to Schati’s Eng. Bil,le Revision, N. cially his Apocalypse, imoth Cr. and the later English, his accoumat of Printed N. F. Text; Y. 1873; I. H. Hall’s Amer. Gr. Tests.; Thayer’s Abbot’s Corrections to Scrivener’s In- Schaif’s Comupanion; Gregory’s Pmoleg~.; Art. Bibeltext, in Herzog’s and Schaff’s En- trod., Boston, Houghton, 1885. Herzog’s and Schaff’s Cycloptedd. ofgreat value in the cyclopp.; Bort., in Jour. Philol., March, 1858, and in his Cr. N. F. Atbot. in Selsalt’s 5pecial articles. Eucyclop.; and the later Introfid. to N. F.; Prolegg. (by llort amid Streane) to Tre~elies’s Cr. N. F. 56 JOHNS HOPKINS UYIVEJ?SITY 01110ULA PS. [No. 46.

XVIII. Westcott and fort (with sketch of the past and present circulation of texts). Bella, P. F. Lettres sur sea dhcotavertes I Khorsabad. Paris, 1847. H. P. Layard, A. H. Nimieveb and its remains. (1st exped.). London, 1848. P. M. (Thursday, February 11). — The Monuments of Nineveb. London, 1849—53. P.j W. and Hort’s Gr. T. itself; Reuss; Von Gebhardt’s TisShend. Gr. N. T. Prolegg. and — Discoveries in the ruins of Nineveb and Babylon. (2d exped.). London, 1853. P. collations; Gregory’s Prolegg.; Sehatf’sCompanion (esp. its Rev. Eng. N. T. literature), and Introd. to his ed of ~V. and H.; I. H. Hall, Amer. Gr. Tests. Also, Burgon’s Latd Oppert, J. Expidition Scientifique en MOsopotamie, axacutie de 1851 a 1854, par MM. TwelveVerses of St. Mark, and Revision Revised. Fresnel, Thomas et Oppert. Paris, 1859—62. P.~ Zellnaat, J. Les Ecritures Cuniiformues. Expoal des travaux, etc. Paris, 1864. H. XIX. The Syriac Apocalypse. Place, V. Elnive at lAssynie, avec des Essais de Restauration par F. Thomas. 3 vols. fol. (Monday, February 15). Paris, 1866—69. P.* Liebborn’s and Hug’s Introdd. to N. T.; less useful are the other Introdd., except Oppert, J. Mimnoira sum les rapports de lEgypte et de lAssynie dana lAntiquitS. Paris, Tregelles, in vol. iv of Home’s Introd. Rosen and ForshaiPs and Wright’s ‘at. of Syr. MSS. in [tnt. Mus.; Zolenberg, of those in Bib. Nat. at Paris; J. S. Asseinani, Biblioth. 1869. P. Orientalis; Storra tieportorium; 1)e Dien’s Apoc.. 1627 and Critica Sacra; I. H. Ball, Raw/jason, G. The five great Monarchies of the Ancient Eastern World. London, 1873 The Syr. Apoc., in Jour. Soc. l3ibl. Exegesis, 1883—4; Tregellee’s arts. Syriac Versions, IL. NI. &c., in Smith’s 13th. Diet.; Schatt’s Companion to Gr. T. Also, special works referred to in E. Nestle’s Bibliograplsy, in his Porta Ling. Syr. Records ofthe Past, being English translations ofthe Asayrian and Egyptian Monuments. 12 vola. London, 1873—78. P.t XX. The Antilegornena Epistles (2 Peter, 2 and 3 John, and Jude). Lenornsanl. La Magia chez lea (‘haldiens. Paris, 1874. H. (Tuesday, February 16). Smith, fi’. Assyrian diacoyaries, an Account of Explorations, 1873—74. London, 1875. P. Same authorities as above. Also, arts, by I. H. Hall in Jour. Soc. BiN. Exeg. and Lit., NI. 1883—1885; and Proceedings Amer. Or. Soc., 1880—85; White’s ed. Philoxenian (really Macp/re, J. Histoire Ancienne des peuples da lOrient. Paris, 1875. II. Harkiensian) NT., Oxford; Pococke’s Syriac Epistles. 1630; Bernstein’s Gospel ofJohn; Adler, l)e Verss. Syr., sud wor’~s cited by Nestle, in his “Porta.” Also arts, by Nestle, Halley. Recherebes critiqucs sur lonigine de la Civilisation Babylonienne. Paris, Nbldecke, Cc., runnin,., through the wholeseries of Z. 1). 11. G. Recent publications have 1876. H.j- so often been for private distribtition only that they are very difficult of access, though Smith, G. The Chalfitean account of Genesis. London, 1876. P. M. German Tranal. very valuable, The extinct Journal of Sacred Literature is full of pertinent matter. by Delitzscb. H.t The Abbi Martin’s tntrod. to N. T. is very rids, but full of flightiness, and very rare in America. The Grammars of NOldecke, t)uval, and Nestle (short) Isave much pertinent Sayce, A. H. Lectures upon the Asaynian Language. London, 1877. P.-f matter. Also art, on Syr. Bible Text by Nestle, in Herzog’s Encyci., last ad. Schrader, .E. Keilinscriften und Geachiebtaforachung. Giessen, 1878. H. Sayce, A. IL Babylonian Literature. London,1878. P. H. ill/anal, J. l3ibliothique dn Palais de Ninive. Paris, 1880. H. P. DR. FROTilLNGIIAX’S LECTURES ON ASSYRIAN Birch, S. The Bronze Ornaments of the Palace Gates of Balawat (Shalmanesar II., B. C. ARChEOLOGY. 859—825). London, 1880. H.* Fischer and Wiedesnamen. Ueber Babyloniache “Talisniane”(Cylindara). Stuttgart, 1881. II. (MONDAYS AND THURSDAYS, FEBRUARY 25MAROH ii). Delitzsch. Wo lsg daa Paradies? Etne biblisch.Aasyriologische Stiadie. Leipzig, 1581.-f (See detailed programme on p. 32 of Circalar 45). Ken/en. Assyrien und Babylonian nach den nenesten Entdackungen. 2d ad. Freibnrg, 1882. (3rd ad., 1885). H. OUTLINE BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR STUDENTS. Hemmel. Semaitiacher Vdlker und Sprachen. 1882. H. The following is a list of books in the Johns Hopkins (H), Peabody (P), Haupt, P. Die Akksdische Sprache. Berlin, 1883.t and Mercantile (M) libraries, drawn up for the use of those who intend to Delitzsch, F. The Hebrew language, viewed in the light of Assyrian Research. London, follow Dr. Frothin 1883. P. 0ham’s lectures on Babyloseiese and Assyriass Arcltceology. Assyrian Antiquities, British Museum. Guide to the Konynadjik Gallery. London, The works have been selected not witis reference to the needs of specialists, 1883. H. .htlnasat. Recherehes sur la Glyptique Orientale. c. Cylindrgs de is Chaldie. Paris, btst for those who lsttve niade no special studies in this field; and they are 1883. H.’~ arranged in the order of their publication, so as to show the gradual devel- Schrader. Die Keilinscriften und das Alte Testament. Giessen, 1883. H. P.f opment of the study. Parrot (G.) and Chip/es (Ch.). A History of Art in Chaidna and Assyria. Engi. transi. The arcitnological works which are of particular value are marked with Lomsdon and New York, 1884. 2 vola. H. ~ Wright, IVma. The Empire of the Hittites. With decipherment of Hittite Inscriptions a *; the philogical with a hy Prof. Sayce. London, 1884. H. 5 Lessen, (Jhr. Die Altpersischen Keilinscriften von Persepolis. Bonn, 1836. H. Sayce, A. H. The Ancient Empires of the East. New York, 1884. ~ Law/jason, II. The Peesian Cuneiform Inscription at Behistun. London, 1846. P. Sarsec, F. de. Dmieouvemtea en Chaidde. Paris, 1884. H. PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. Scientific Association. CONTENTS. January 6.—Sixty-eighth regular meeting. Professor Remusen in the chair. Fifty- aiglst members present. PAGE Papers read: Recent Publications: — Recent Speculations on the Origan of Death, by ~V. K. BRooKs. Geological Trip to Lake Superior, by G. H. WtLLtAaes. Rowland’s Photograph of Norasal Solar Spectrum, - - - 41 Theory of Antiseptic Action, by J. R. DUGOAN. Reproduction in Phototype of a Syniac MS., - - - - 41 Philological Association. Arcisives of Maryland, - 42 Jaaaary 8.—Sixty-sixth meeting. Professor Gilderaleave in the chair. Thirty-eight Remsen’s Introduction to the Staidy of Chemistry, - - - 43 memmihers presemat. Eltin0’s Dutcb Village Communities on hudson River, - - 43 Pa pars read: - - - - 44 Time Old-Indiamm Sihilants: I. Prelimninary remarks on the correlation ofm and e in the Hasnis’s Teaching of the Twelve Apostles, etc., Vedas; 2. lastrodumetion to the study om the sihilanta and the influence of sibilants American Journal of Philolo~y, 45 upon one anotimem; by NI. BLooMussELn and E. H. SPaRKER. Peirce and Jastrow on Small Differences of Sensation, - - 46 On the Hebrew Words tins the Codex Sangallensis 912, by C. ADLER. American Journal of Archaeology, 47 Historical and Political Science Association. Modern Language Notes, 47 Decesnber aeeetinys.—Dr. H. B. Adams in the chair. Papers read: Students’ “house of ~ — introduction to a Study of the Public Domain ofthe United States, by S. SATO. Rural Immatitutions of Yorkshire, Emmgland, by IL. WsLLsAMs. Constitution and By-laws, 48 Biamnarek’s Economic and Social Policy, by L. KATEKNSTRIN. 49 Time Pope’s Emmeyclical Letter, by H. B. ADAMs. Recent Discussion of its Constitution, . - - - - Religiomin mmnd Polities in Italy, by W. C. LANGDON. Current Notes:— Mathesssatical Society. Additions to tlse Register of Students, 51 Decemmeber 16,1885.—Pmofessor Newcomb in the chair. Seven members present. 51 Paper read: Additions to the List of Periodicals, Proof ofthe Theorema: The Deficiency ofevery Unicursal Curve is 0, by W. E. STORY. Lectures on Educational Topics, 51 PRoFEssoR NExvcosan moade somne remarks on Complex Anharmuonie Ratio. Special Lectures on Clsemistry, 51

Baltimore Naturalists’ Field Club. A letter on thee Study of Physics at Jolsus Hopkins University, - 52 December 16.—Mm. G. L. SamsTae reported the results reached by the comamittee on the question of labelling time Panic trees. Last fall this idea comumnended miseif to the Sir William Thomson to Isis Coefficients, 52 Climb ammd several mamemmmbems of the botanical section were appointed to examnimme its feasibility. To make mime public acquaimmted with the names amf the native and intro- hopkins Scholarships, 53 duced trees ofavimich there is sameb a lan hopkins hail Lectures 54—SO 0e collection in Druid Hill Park, is a motive whictm all will readily appreciate. And after considering the proposition, the Park Micro-Organisms in Disease. By W. H. WELCH, - - - 54 Comumuissioners decided to appropriate one hundred dollars for this purpose. This 54 smmm, altimough inadeqamate 10 do the work as comupletely as mmmight be wished, will German Literature. By J. GOEBEL, yet enable the Club to name about 500 of the most imaportant ammd conspicuous trees Recent Discoveries in Assyria. By W. H. WARD, - - - 54 on the principal thorouglafaras in time Park. It is intended to give in each ease tise French Literature. By L. RABILLON, 54 scientific and popumlar names on time label, and to muaka the latter distinct but small 55 enough so as not to distigumne the tree. New Testament: Textual Studies (bibliography). By I. H. HALL, 19K. J. C. HEMSSETER read a popular paper on Fungi Archaeology (biblio~raphy). By A. L. FROTHINGHAM, JR., 56 Dat. G. H. WsassAots gave an aecoumut of the Geolo~y of the State and its relation to that of the country at large. Proceedings of Societies --56

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