REPORT OF THE SPECIAL COMMITIEE AGAINST

GENERAL ASSEMBLV

OFFICIAL RECORDS: FORTY·THIRD SESSION SUPPLEMENT No, 22 (A/43/22)

UNITED NATIONS New York, 1989

•••1Copy AVIUlbl. NOTE

Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capilallelters combined with figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference 10 a United Nations document. 26 Ootober 1988 Sir,

I have the hono,~r to send you herewith the annual report of the Special Committee againlt Ae.rth~ which wa. adopted unanimously by the Special Committee on 26 October 1988* The report on recent developments conoerning relations between and Ilrael il annex~ to it. This report i. submitt.d to the General Assembly and the Socurity Counoil in aocordanoe with the ~e1evant proYtBionB of General ADsembly resolution 2671 (XXV) of 8 Deoember 1970 and 42/23 A to H of 20 November 1987. Acoept, Sir, the assuranoe. of my hiqhe.t consideration.

(Signed) JOBeph N. GARBA Chairman of the Speoial Committee against AParthei~

His Exoellency Mr. Javier Perez de Cueliar Secretary-General United Nations New York, Now York

-i11- CONTBNTS

Paug,raphe !'.~~.

I. INTRODUCTION •••••••••••••••••.••••• , ••••••••••••••••••••••• 1 - 4 1

11. RBVIBW or DEVELOPMENTS IN SOUTH AFRICA ••••••••••••••••••••• !S - jO 1

A. General political conditions ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• !S - 1.5 1

B. Repre••ion ot the popUlation ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 16 - 36 3

C. Resiltance to !2!rtheid •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 37 - 52 7

D. Aggression, de.tabilization and state terrorism •••••••• 53 - 60 11 Ill. BXTBRNAL RELATIONS OF SOUTH AFRICA AND INTERNATIONAL ACTION AGAI NST APARTHEI D •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 61 - 123 13

A. General .•••••...... •..••...•....•.••..•.•.••.•.•.• 61 - 63 13

B. Boonomic relations ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 64 - 79 13

C. Military build-up ar.d collaboration •••••••••••••••••••• 80 - 86 17

D. International aotion against South Atrioa •••••••••••••• 8 - 123 18

IV. REVIEW or THE WORK OF THE SPECIAL COMMITTEE ••••••••••••••• 1~4 - 182 25 A. Resolutions adopted by the General ASlembly at its forty-.econd .ee.ion on the item entitled "Polioies of apartheid of the Government of South Africa" •••••••••• 125 - 126 25

B. Statements made at meetings of the Security Council ••• 127 - 129 25 C. Aotivities ot the Special Committee against the polioies and practices of the apartheid r'gime •••••••• 130 - 168 26

D. Encouragement of ~rld-wide action against apartheid.. 169 - 179 33

B. Co-o~eration with other United Nations bodies and other organizations ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 180 - 182 36

V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 183 - 194 37 Annexes

I. Report on recent development. concerning relations between South Africa and Iar••l ••••••••••••.•...••.••..••.•••••.••••••••••••••••••.•.•••.•. 48

11. Composition ot the SUbsidiary bodies of the Special Committee against Apartheid and ot the Intergovernmental Group to Monitor the Supply and Shipping of Oil and P~troleum produots to South Afrioa •••••••••••••••• S2

-iv- • CONTENTS (continued) I Pdge

Ill. Selected excerpt. from .tat~ment. iS8ued by the Special Committee ••••• 53 IV. Conference. and .eminarl of9ani••d or '1liated by the Special Committ.e 62 V. Ob••rvance of the International Dayl of Solidarity by the Special Committ.. ••••••...•.•.•••.••.•.••••••••.•••••...•.•.•••••••••••••••••• S5 VI. Lilt of documentl of the Special Committee •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 67

-v- I. INTRODUCTION

1. The Speoial Committee a~ain.t APartheid, ettabliahed by the General A••embly by re.olut ion 1761 (XVII) ot 6 November 1962, la now compo.ed ot the foll\)wing 18 Member Statoll Algeria India Somalia G~rman Democratic Indonesia Rudan Republio MahyBia Syrian Arab R~public Ghana Nepal Tdnidad and TOhago Guinea Niger ia Ukrainian Soviet Socialist H~1ti Peru Republic Hungary Philippinea

2. At its 612th meeting, on 7 January 1988, the Speoial ~ommitte. unanimously ro-.leot~d Major-General JOleph N. Oarba (Nigeria) as it. Chairman and Mr. Guennadi I. Oudovenko (Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republio) and Mr. Jai Pratap Rana (Nepal) al its Vice-Chairmen. Mr. Yve. L. Augult. (Haiti) W.I eleoted a8 Vioe-Chairman and Mr. Arif anahid Khan (India) re-elected al ~apporteur.

3. The Speoial Committee also re-eleoted Mr. James vtctor Gbeho (Gha~a) •• Chatrm~n ol its Sub-Committee on the Implemfmtltion of United Nations Re.olutions and Collaboration with South Afrioa, Mr. Tewtik Abad. (Algeria) a8 Chairman of its Sub-Committee on Petitions and Information, Mr. Manuel Rodrigu_z (peru) 18 Chairman ot the Taak Force on Politi~al Prisoners, Mr. Nasroldi~ A. M. Idris (Sudan) a8 Chairman of the Task Forc~ on Women and Children under Apartheid and Mr. OBelok~ Obaze (Nigeria) a8 Ch~irman of its Task Force on the Legal ABpeota of Apartheid. (For the names of the memhers of the subsidiary bodies of the Speoial Committee, yee annex 11 to the present report.) 4. The Special Committee decided unanimously to submit the present report to thL General AAsemhly and the Seourity Council. The report on recent development~ concerning relations between South Afrioa and Israel is contained i·' annex I.

11. REVIF.W OF DEVELOPMENTS IN SOUTH AFRICA

A. General political ~nditions

5. During the period under review, the South African raciet regime has escalated its repression of activists and mass-based organizations that have been in the forefront of peaceful opposition ~o apartheid. In doing so, it has demon~trated its determination to sma~h any peaceful organized opposition to its rule in ordet to establish "security" and "normality" in the country. In Preloria'g view, these conditions seem to be neoessary for the implwmentation of its programme of "constitut:onal reform", which is nothing but another manoeuvre to further entrench apartheid. M5ny of the actions undertaken by the regime in the last 12 months suggest a two-track polioy involving, on the one hand, coeroion and, on the other, att1mptB to co-opt: sectors of the blACk majority population. The r'gime l' remains intransigently opposed to necessary change. 6. Parallel with the internal luppr••,ion, Pretoria hi' "tepped up ita terroriat activltie. abrold. A••a••ination ~nd maimin~ ol important memhers of th~ African National Convreaa of South AtticI (ANC), carried out ev~n in We.tern olpitals, aim at wea~enlnv the national liberltion movementa and It undermining their Btlnrting within the internation.l community.

7. In a aweeping offenMive a~ainat re.iltance to it. rule, on 24 February 1988 Putoria impol..d .evue re.trictiorlll on the activi tie. of 1.7 leading anti'-apartheid organil.tiona and 18 individual, committed to pe.oetul torm. ot .tru991e, and on the ConQre•• of South African Trade Union. (COSATU). Signifio.ntly, the.e meaaureD were .dopted in the context of the prolon~ed .tate of emervenoy, whioh givel almost unlimited power. to the 8.ourit~' torceN, alloW' luthoritiea to criminalile almost any political activity and to impolo draooni.n -evulationa on the foreign and domeatic media. The.. reltrictlonl, amounting to virtull bana, were adopted ahGad ot billl tabled in Parliament that would, among other thing" ourtail striotly the bona fide aotivitiel of trade union. and entorce more rividly re,id,ntial ..vrevation. 8. In impaaing the,e te.triction., Pretoria appear. to be trying to aohieve two di,tinct but related goal.. rir.tly, oonfronted with the challenge of the right-wing Con.ervative party, the r'vime i. attempting - unlucce••tully until now - tu woo baok white voter. in.t••d of addre••in9 it.elf to the aapiration. of the black majority. 9. Secondly, the r'gime il attempting to a'lrt a popular boycott ot n.tion-wide munioipal eleotion., goheduled tor 26 October 19R8, of black ,epr.lentative. to officially .anotioned "oommunity counoile". Organization. now b.nned, such I' the United Oemocratic Pront (UDP) and the Alanian people'. Organization (AZAPO), have rejeot.d the election. and vowed to organi•• a p.aoeful boycott ()f them. Such boycott. hive been effective in the pa.t. !/ 10. It appear. that pretoria il adopting repre••ive and reformist .trateyie. a. part of it. overlll policy of coercion and co-option in the implementation of which the National Seourity Management Syatem playl a oentral role. 1/ The fir.t .tep in thl. policy, the c~loulated luppre••ion of all forme of oppolition to apartheid, leem. to be an effort to oon,olidate the r'gime', control 1n tho country Ind i. oonnected with the growing power of the .ecurity apparatul in the conduot of th9 affair. of the country.

11. The re-e.tabli.hment of control il central to the .e~ond .tep, that t., the manipUlation of the chronic plight of black. in order to defuse their resi.tlnce and to oo-opt them. The r'gim. ha., through the Joint Management Committe.s, embarked on major "upgradinv ,cheme." in hou.ing and infra.truct.un in town,hip. ~'nown for their mUitance, .uch a. Mamelodi outlide Pretor11, AltKandra outlide Johannelburg and New Brighton out.id. port. Ili.abeth. The ultimate goaL of the.e let lmel, •• official. expre., it, is to "win the hearts and mind. of the mllle.". Authoritie. se.m to beli.ve th.t a ri.ing It.ndard ot living will defu.e reeistanoe and oreate a moderate blaok opinion favourable to the "gime, or .t. leut to bl.-ok leadere who may partioipate in the propoRed National St.atutory Council, 12. The third .tep in Pret~ri.'a polioy of oo-option il to introduce politioal "reforml" in order to win lome lupport ba.e Il'IIOng blaok. IncS to galn llgiUm.oy for the r'gime. It ahould be reoalled that the majority of town'hip administrative .truotur•• have ooll.p.ed mainly a. a ,elult. of the upriling ancS the ongoing rent

-2- boycott. The r'gime .eem. to be .eeking to e.tahl i~h a credible Idminhtntive mlchinery, thu. the October municipal tlectionl .ppear to be • key element 1n thi. proce•• of "politic.l t8form". Thl ellctld councillor, will form anl1e~ •• to Ileot 9 ot the 15 rlprl.ent.~ivl' to thl Nation.l Statutory Counoil, the fOLum which wilt play an Idvi.ory role in the preplr.tion of • new con,titution for blaok.. Th• •dvilory role of the Council WIS o1e,rly stated in an April addre., bltore the Parliament by Mr. P. W. Doth.. Reterring to the Council (or Great Tnd.b., al it m.y be c.lled), til .aid that "the Governmtnt ia ••• committed to the aonaept ot a torum tor deliberation". 1/

13. The rel~ntl ••a rlniet.nct of thl black majority population, howlvlr, showl th.t Pretori~ h•• be.n unable to implem.nt lither eltmont or ita ~olicy .uooe••fullV. Thl r'9ime h•• failld to recruit g.nuinl bl.ok le.derM into ita official .truoturl', nlmely, thl "municipal ~ouncil.". It appe.r. unlikely that Pretoria wilt bl abll to obt.in black partioipation in the orlation of the Nltional Statutory Council or other .imilar .tructure" which h.ve b••n univ.r.ally rejlct.d ,ven by thl hl.d. of mo.t. of the non-independent "homel.ndl". 14. Parlllel with it. political .tr.tegy, the r~9ime ha. developed a .trate9Y to deal with the .oonomic cri.i. ot the oountry. Tha reclntly .nnoun~ed economio plck.ge, with it. Imph••ia on prlv.ti.ation, J.r.gul.tion, dr••tia outu in oftiaill exp.nditure, Ind a wlge free.1 in the publio ••otor, lima .t boosting priv.ta inv••tmlnt and production II w.ll .a .t r.duaing publio aeotor d.fioita. Repre.entativvl of oommerce Ind induatry g.v. un.quivooal ,upport to the new .oonomic m.launl. Thil eoonomio restruoturing, howevlr, will rOllult in the d.t~rior.ltion of the living st.ndarda of low income group., in part:icul.r, bl.ck wiJrkerl.

15. The w.ge frel•• will criticllly Iftect worker. who luftlr.d I maslive 25 per oent incr•••• in food prioe. in 1987. COSATU and the National Counoil of Trlde uniona (NACTU), the .eoond l.rge.t trade union federltion in the oountry, h.ve op~oa.d thl me.lurea, recogni.ing thlt the mljority o~ publio .eotor employe." are black and that they would be moat ,dverllly .tfeatod.!/ So long 08 the IPlrtheid r'gime oonduct. war .glinat itl neighbour. Ind th" people in the country, a high proportion ef the hudget will he alloclted to defence, police Ind MflOUrity exp.nditur.. In thlt contlxt, it .ppe.ra that, in addition to other flotorl, eoonomio difficultiea And military Up.8t. pl~yed In important roll in Pretori,'1 reoent change of pOlition r.garding Angol. and Nlmibia.

B. Reerellion of the pOpulation mmerienay Ind other repr.waive l.wI Ind pr.otice,

16. Under the oover ot the prolonged st.t. of emergency, whioh WI' renewed once more in June, the r6gime hiD used the combined power of the armed f~rc.a, tho polioe, other 'Iourity forcel .nd the courta in I _yetematio Ittempt to Ilimin.t. the oppolition, 1/ Tt hi. alto u••d lurrog.te torcl., luoh .1 the vigilante. and ~he right-wing extremist groups, to try to d••tlbili.e oo~"uniti•• 10rOSI the count.ry. South Afrio. i. now Q polioe S~.te undergoing a proolsl of increased milit.ri.ation. In thil oontext of terror .nd emergency, the .ecurity forc•• art virtually immune from pro.lcutlon of any vi~llnt aots they oommit. 17. ~n 24 rebruary, the r'gime .everely re.tricted the activitie. of 17 leading anti-A~artheid organization. and 18 community lead.rs. It .lso limited COSATU, the largesl: trade union federation in the country, to only shop-fl.~r aotivities. By August it had effectively banned the End Consoription Campaign. The regulations limit the aotivities of the org.nization. to, inter 11ia, preservinu their ••••ts, keeping their books and records, and performing admlnT8trative funotions.!I The 18 or9ani~.tions ~nd COSATU ar~, indeed, prohibited from conduoting .ny politio.l activity. The measures l.av. the Inkatha Movement as the only b\ack political movement still untouched and free to oper.te in the country. 1/ 18. Pretoria can u.e another leg.l w••pon to .uppres. furtheL the bl.ck labour movement. In Septemb.r it adopted the Labour Relations Amendment Aot, despite. joint agreement by unions and ~mp!oyerl to .Ik for key claules of th~ law to be sUlpended. Along with the re.trictions impoled on COSATU, the Act is designed to par.ly.e the bl.ck l.bour movement. Its provi.ions, .mong other things, place further restriotions on labour's ability to .tage .trike., .~low employers to claim dam.ges from trade unions for production lost during w.!kout., .llow employerB to reoognize minority l'nions and outlaw solid.rity strikes and boycotts. 1/ In June, COSATU brought a complaint before the Intern.tion.l L.bour ~rganisation (ILO) against. the r'gime "concerning the infringement of freedom of associ.tion .rising out of the Labour Relations Amendment j)ill, 1987". 1/ 19. In addition, Pretoria has proposed the Promotion of Orderly Internal Politic. Bl11 that would restrict ~ll groups .nd individuals from receiving foreign funding for activi~le3 that might "endanger public safety". The Bill's provisions could furth.r limit the political space for extra-parliamentary activity by depriving anti-apartheid organizations of much nb-ded for~~9n financial support for their work. Amid m.ssive foreign and domestic p~~dsure, the r'gime seems certain to changw some of the Bill's provision•• lQl The u.e of vigilaflte. and assaS81ns

20. An ominous corollary of the r~cent bans is the freer environment that they create for the activities of vi,/ilante and paramilitary right-wing extremist groups against opponents of the r'gime. The growth of these groups constitutes a significant ~hift in the r'gime's strategy agMinst the opposition. Until recently, Pretoria h.d relied predominantly on its traditional strategy of detention without tri.l to disrupt opposition organizations. While detentionB h.ve continued un.b.ted, .n analysis of recent events shows'that detention without tri.l has been supplemented by another disruptive strategYI the use of. surrogate forces to exacerbate divisions within communities, to annihilate anti-.p.rtheid opponents and t~ .dv.nce the r'gime's "reform" plans. Observers point out that this strategy of intern.l destabilization seems to be at work throughout black communities in South Africa, in particular, in those with a history of organized resi.tance to apartheid ILl townships and n'ral areas - hidden from whites and obscured from the record of history by strict cen.orship on the media - vigilantes are waging concerted campaigns against individuals and organizations, often with the consent and as.i.tance of the security forces. !!/

21. In sele~ted townships of the country, the vigil.ntes have become formally intt9rated into the security force structures. Such is the oa.e of tbe municipal police, which fall under the authority of the local community councils, and the kitskon.t~bel. or "instant poltce", who are deployed in the townships after a three-week t-~ining rogeamme. The kitskonstabel. and the municipal police h.ve

-4- created a reign of terror in the EasteEn Cape where, to date, they have been most extensively deployed. 1l/ 22. Most sinister of all are the "unknown" assassins, whose objective appears to be the elimination of any opponents of the r'gime. TO note, Sicelo Dhlomo, 18, a volunteer worker at the offices of the now restricted Detainees' Parents Support Committee, .... s found murdered on 2S January, a few days after being released frum questioning by polic~ about the CBS television documentary "Children of Apartheid". In the documentary, which was broadcast in the united States of America, Mr. Dhlomo said he was tortured in detentioll in 1986 and 1987. His death followed a pattern of suspicious deaths which has been evident since 1985. !l/ Intimidation and covert action

23. In addition to the systematic repression carried out against them by the security forces, opposition organizations have been the subject of smear campaigns as well as violent attacks on their offices and their activists' homes. Particular targets of recent ~ttacks have ueen the offices of COSATU affiliateB, the homes of members of the End Conscription Campaign, facilities used by the South African Council of Churches (SACC), and other such anti-apartheid groups and indi~iduals. The objectives of this violence are, first, to disrupt the activities of organizations that are in the forefront of the anti-apartheid struggle and, second, to eliMi~ate physically the organizations' members and leaders.

~4. A disturbing trend, specifically in Pietermaritzburg (Natal province), is the internecine violence fomented by the r'gime through the Inkatha Movement against UDF and its supporters. Since 1986, more than 600 persons have died, not to mention the material losses and damages caused by the violent confrontations. 14/ The recent restrictions have, in effect, increased the possibility of further violence. Ongoing peace talks between representatives of UDF and of Inkatha have now been derailed owing to the restrictions imposed on UDF and some of the organization's leaders.

Forced population removals

25. Under the cover of the emergency, Pretoria has openly returned to its policy of large-scale forced removals of the black popUlation as part of its master plan to consolidate the "homelands". Shielded from public view and the scrutiny of the press, removals have taken an ominous turn with the 01ert use of vigilante groups. This contrasts with an earlier phase when the rag ime relied more openly on "legal" instruments to carry out the remo~als. In January, tension~ dmong different factions erupted again at the Kensington Trade Company squatter camp of , which was declared a restricted area, surrounded by barbed wire and accessible only to residents. Several people died and more than half of the camp was destroyed. In 1986, an adjc'lC"nt squatter camp at Crossroads was destroyed in the most brutal forced removal ill ,,:,,\11- h Afr ica' s history. The combined strength of the "witdoekes" (vigilantes) and South African security forces waG used to burn deliberately the shacks to the ground. Fiety-three people were killed, many injured and 70,000 left homeless. 1';/

26. In line with its "orderly urbanization" poli(;y, the regime recp.ntly unveiled a ser ies of bills that will, in fact, enforc':.' more str ict1y residential segregation in urban areas. One of them, the Group Areas Amendment Bill, provides for t:l~ mandatory eviction of blacks occupying houses in areaD reserved for whites and for

-5- the impolit~on of etiff penaltiel for offenderl. If the Rent Bill i. al.o pal.ed, authori~iel will have the power to break the ongoing rent bOycott. The billl r which give local offioials more power over houling than ever before, are the r4gime'l attempt to ~:~ep homelels blaok. trom building informal ~wellings without official permi.sion ne.r the cities where and when they can. 111 Confronted with opposition, authorities may change some ot the bUls' provisions. Pre.s cen.orship

27. Severe re.trictions impor.ed on the media, as well as the continuous detention, hara••ment and intimidation of members of the domeltic and foreign media, continue to muzzle the pre... Author: ities even attempted to enaot leg lelation fllitab1iah1.ng an offioial registry of journalists, although they later .helved the idea in the faoe of wideapread oritioiam. The anti-,partheid prea. - in partioular, pUblicationa suoh as the New Nation, South, Weekly Mail, the Sowetan and Work in Progrels - whioh artioulates the views of the blaok majority, has suffered the brunt of the pre.s restriotions. To note, the New Nation wa. effectively silenced for three months. The newspaper'l editor Zwelakhe Sisulu, who wa. detained in December 1986, continues to be in detention without oharges. In August, authorities confiloated copies of the Weekly Mail, which carried the news about the refu.al of 143 white conscriptl to be inducted into the South African Defenoe Force. Detentiona, trials, bans and executions 28. The almost unlimited powers of the seourity forces were highlighted in a wide-ranging report by the International Commission of Juriets following a mission to South Africa. The report charged that South Africa's security forces have engaged in the widespread us. of torture and violenc., even against children. :t found other major abuses by the security forces, such as the "use of excessive foroe (inclUding many killings) in crowd control operation., assaults and torture of detainees under interrogation ••• ". It concluded that the security legislation and the emergency regUlations " ••• impose or authorize numerous restrictions on personal freedom in violation of human rights". ill 29. Detainees, unlike long-term political prisoners and those involved in political trials, are incarcerated without charge or trial. Human rights monitors estimate that since the state of emergency was imposed in 1986 over 30,000 persons have been detained for varying periods of time. At present there are between 2,000 and 2,500 persons being held in detention without trial, some 250 of whom are children up to 17 years of age, inclUding one as young as 14. Despite denials by the r'gime, human rights monitors in South Africa report that children are still being detained daily.

30. Of increasing concern are the long-term detainees. Estimates show that at least 500 of the detainees have been held for about six months and another 1,000 for one year or more. It appears that a core of 1,000 detainees or more is being carried foeward from one state of emergency to the next, and face the prospect of being imprisoned indefinitely without charges. 31. According to human rights monitor., during the period under review, two persona died while being held under emergency regulationa, namely, Benedict Mashole, 20 and Slda Blni, 56. Ms. Bani was the firlt woman to die in polioe oUltody. In addition, four other peraona, whose arrelt appearl to have be.n politioally motivated, died in detention. 1!1

-6- 32. A tactic now used often by the r'gime is to impose restriction orders on political activists upon their relea~e from d6tention, a measure that, combined with the recent restrictions on organizations, could have a paralysing effect on the activities of opposition organizations. By the end of 1987, 69 persons were restricted, 34 of whom are known to be members of UDF and its affiliates, while 11 are trade union members or officials. Eleven persons are known to have been restricted uporl their release from prison. The most prominent among them are ANC member and two officials of UDF in Pietermaritzburg, who are said to have baen essential to the peace talks.

33. Political tr~als continued to bp used as a weapon to silence opposition and deprive anti-ap~r!h~q organizations of their leadership. According to South Africa's Centre fat Ap~lied Legal Studies, 37 political trials involving 112 accused were compte~c1 b~tween December 1987 and March 1988. Currently, 62 trials are taking place involving 691 accused, inclUding five treason trialS with SO accused. !!/

34. South Africa has one of the highest execution rates in the ·~rld. ~nesty International Report 1988 points to an unprecedented increase in the application of death sentences to political offenders. Eighty-one persons are known to have been executed between 1 January and 14 July 1988. By May 1988, there were 274 persons on death row, most of whose names are not known. At least 70 political prisoners are currently on death row. The most prominent are the Sharpevill~ Six, who were convicted on the doctrine of "common purpose". 20/ 35. The plight of political prisoners was brought to the attention of the world once again when, in August 1988, ANC leader was hospitalized with tuberculosis. Calls were made inside and outside South Africa for his release. Earlier, in June, Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (PAC) leader zephania Mothopeng was also hospitalized. Political prisoners are often put in cells together with ordinary criminals and are subjected to harsh and unhygienic prison conditions, seriously overcrowded cells, assaults by wardens, and other forms of ill-treatment. For example, in August, a conscientious objector was transferred from prison to the hospital after a sexual assault by a common criminal prisoner. In protest against unbearable prison conditions, pri~oners and detainees undertook several actions, including hunger strikes. According to the Minister of Justice, between February 1987 and 31 January 1988, tearsmoke was used on nine occasions against detainees. 11/

36. Magistrates or police h1ve increasingly used bans and other repressive regUlations to disrupt the activities of anti-apartheid opponents. Rallies, meetings 01 funerals have been banned on the grounds that they may "endanger public safety". An important exception to these regUlations have been the rallies ~rganized by the Inkatha Movement and the Afrikaner Weerstands Bewegunq/AWB (Afrikaner Resistanc~ Movement), a white right-wing extremist organization.

C. Resistance to apartheid

New forms of political resistance

37. The state of emergency has hampered severely the activities of anti-apartheid opponents of the regime. But it has also challenged activists to find new ways of operating. At thp. local level and beyond, opposition forces are now giving much

-7- greater emphasis to the education and training ot new cadres, a necessary measure to fill the leadership ranks depleted by arrest and aBBalaination, and to long-term planning in order to lay the basis for a protracted struggle.

38. A. increasing repression ha. hindered the activities of political organizations, the blaok labour movement and religious organizations have become a leading force in opposition to the r'gime. Anti-apartheid resistance i. also adopting difterent political forms, switching from high protile, mass rAcruitment rallies to a system ot block and street committees. Living permanently underground, organizers have established communication channels, which, although disrupted at time. by the r'gime or vigilante repression, are able to hold regional Itructures together. In this process of political regrouping, the alliance between organized black workers and the youth continuea to grow in significance as a component of the strategic resiltance against apartheid.

39. The civic associations (residents' org~nizations) have survived in some townehlps acr088 the country. They have been instrumental in organizing a boycott of rent which has been in effect since 1984 in many communities. ~I Beyond politioal resistanoe, economio realonl underlie the boycott. Unemployment and a hig:1 rate of inflation have resulted in a substantial drop in the purchasing power of blaoks. Rent and servioe increases, therefore, in addition to high transport costl, represent an onerous burden on blacks' payoheoks. The State has used every weapon at repression to break the boycott, inclUding the police and vigilantes as well as the withdrawal of electricity, water and any other pUblio services. Black labour movement

40. A significant development within the movement of opposition to the regime was the meeting held at Harare in May between representatives of ANC and NACTU. In a joint communique, both org~nizations recognized that unity in action was necessary and that it was imperative for the black labOur movement in South Africa to strive towards unity, with the essential objective of forming a single federation. In August 1987, NACTU officials had held historic talks with senior members of PAC at Oar es Salaam, in which they had discussed the form and content of the struggle. In a statement simultaneously released by PAC ana NACTU, both organizations agreed that the talks had "paved the way for further substantive ongoing consultations with the specific aim of finding agreed democratic solutions to all the problems besetting our motherland ••• " lil 41. Earlier in May, COSATU had held a special congress to discuss, among other issues, strategy regarding the restrictions imposed on the federation and the implications of the Labour Relations Amendment Bill, later promulgated. The decisions adopted by the Congress were important in that they may have paved the way for united aotion by opposition forces in the future. Subsequently, COSATU and NACTU called for three days of national protest in June against the Labour Bill, the emergency and the restrictions on anti-apartheid organizations. In spite of threats by management and authorities, as well as a series of court interdicts, the combined strength of the federations resulted in the participation of more than 2 million blacks in the stayaway. A conservative estimate indicates a loss of '250 million to industry. Apart from the one in 1961, this was the most successful atayaway for many years and the only three-day stayaway ever called under emergency conditions. 1!/ Earlier, on the anniver.ary of the Sharpevil1e massacre (21 March), trade union members were a major force behind the stayaway, which involved over a million blacks throughout the country. j!1

-8- 42. Notwithstending the emergency, trade union membership has increased, in particular, in certain sectors of industry. ~/ Trade unions have very often gone on strike or wor~ stoppages to press their demands. The annual report of the National Manpower Commission (which excludes farm and domestic labour and the pUblic sector) reflects a dramatic increase in strike activity during 1987, as seen in the comparative table below. 12/

Percentage increase Strikes 1985 1986 1987 1986-1987

Number of strikes 389 793 1 148 144 Workers involved 239 816 424 390 591 421 139 Work-days lost 678 274 1 309 958 5 825 231 444

43. The strike in the mining industry in August 1987 is to a large degree responsible for the increase. While strikes dgcreased in the first months of 1988, trade unionists assert that the target of the unions' actions is ohanging in the face of repression and that worker militancy remains high. This assertion is borne out by the March and June stayaways, as well as by the recent strike of the l5~,519-strong National Union of MetalworkerR, a COSATU affiliate, all of which show that heavy pOlitical repression has failed to intimidate workers. ~/

44. In August, NACTU held its annual congress, at whioh key issues relating to policy and future political direction were debated. In March, NACTU launched the first ever National Union of Farmworkers, which, together with the National Union of Farm and Agricultural Workers of South Africa, a COSATU ~ffiliate, are intent on organizing farmworkers who are excluded from the Labour Relations Act and also therefore they have little protection as employees. ~/ Armed resistance

45. The objectives of the national liberation movements have recently been more visibly supported throughout the townRhips of South Africa. The actions of the ~rmed wings of the national liberation movements, namely /MK and the Azanian People's Liberation Army/APLA, have been increasingly co-ordinated with ropular campaigns in the country and timed to coincide with them. In that respect, the armed resistance has been used as a mechanism to challenge the legitimacy of the regime and to mobilize support for the goal of the movementR. The main targets of attacks have been army personnel, vehicles and bases, parade grounds arid the municipal councils and their police.

46. Since the bans wp.re imposed in February lQ88, there has been a marked increase in armed actions against r~gime targets, although some "soft targets" have been hit. In a statement issued in August by its national executive committee, ANC acknowledged that "operational difficulties had led to unintended casualties". While welcoming the significant escalation of guerrilla activity against the r~gime, ANC underscored that it is contrary to the policy of the organization to select targets whose sole objective is to strike at civilians. It also asserted that some of the regrettable operations were the work of the regime'R agent provocateurs and were intended to discredit the armed struggle. lQl

-9- 47. For the first time, ANC made public a set of "Constitutional Guidelines for a Democratic South Africa" based on the of 1955. The guidelines, which are intended for discussion inside and outside South Africa, envision a non-racial, multi-party democracy, a bill of rights and a mixed economy. Earlier, in December 1987, ANC organized an international conference at Arusha, United RepUblic of Tanzania, under the theme "Peoples of the World against Apartheid for a Democratic South Africa". The conference adopted a declaration and a programme of action, urging all Governments, international organizations and solidarity movements to support the struggle for a non-racial, united and democratic South Africa. III

Opposition by religious institutions a~~ leaders and other sectors

48. As authorities blocked peaceful avenues of opposition, religious leaders and institutions became more directly involved in the movement of political opposition to the r'gime. In defiance of the regulations forbidding calls for protosts and boycotts, 26 religious leaders called for a boycott of the October municipal elections. In a statement, they committed themselves to non-violent direct action, and, if necessary, to civil disobedience in order to bring about justice and peace. In line with that position, Archbishop called openly for a boycott of the elections during his address to a packed congregation at St. George's Cathedral at Cape Town in September. He dismissed the regime's threats against supporters of the boycott by saying, "1 am not defying the Government. I am obeying God." El 49. The South African Council of Churches (SACC) continued to lead the churches in opposing the r'gime while also providing humanitarian aid to the victims of apartheid. Stating that the r'gime is illegitimate because of its practices and constitution, SACC endorsed the decision to boycott the elections and resolved to oppose the media restrictions. In June, religious leaders attended a SACC convocation to discuss the situation in South Africa and to formulate non-violent strategies for fighting aeartheid. MeanWhile, the Anglican Church made what was considered a watershed decision by endorsing the "Lusaka Document", which recognizes that the nat ional liberation movements are "compelled" to use "force along with other methods to end oppression". The Church also resolved to seek further meetings with ANC and PAC to discuss "the nature of the South Africa" beyond aeartheid. 11/ 50. A trend continued with regard to the increasingly organized involvement of white South Africans in opposition to the regime. The formation of the anti-apartheid Five Freedoms Forum and the New Democratic Movement, as well as the continued activities of the and the Institute for a Democratic Alternative for South Africa, were serious attempts by whites opposed to apartheid to build bridges to the black opposition movement inside and outside the country.]!1 The Forum's foundation principles, which were endorsed by UDF and COSATU, stressed the need to develop the conditions for a participatory democracy through debate and practical activ:ty. Prominent raised their voices in opposition to specific policies of the regime, such as the ongoing conflict in the region and the continued imprisonment of ANC leader Nelson Mandela. 11/

-10- 51. The End Conscription Campaign, the biggest organization of whites affiliated with UDF, carried out effective campaigns against induotion into the South Afrioan Defence Force, as a result, it was virtually banned in August. l!/ ~he magnitude of the increasing resistance to conscription wa& evident in the wide support that the campaigns received, inoluding the campaign entitled "Know Your Rights and Action for Alternative Service". It is important to note that, while an increasing number of whites are publioly refusing to be induoted into the S~uth African Defence Force on the grounds that it maintains the apartheid r'gime, they are also demanding the establishment of a peaceful alternative to nlilirary s~rvice. In that context, End Conscription Campaign offioials claim that one of the main reasons for the inorease in emigration from Sl .~ Africa along with a decrease in immigration to ~outh Afrioa, is military conscription. 11/

52. Authorities attem~ted to halt any resistance to conscription not only by effectively banning the activities of the End Conscription Campaign, by harassing its members and by smearing the organization, but also by imposing he~vy sentences on those who refuse military service. 38/ For example, oonscript David Bruce was sentenced to six years in prison. Earrrer, Dr. Ivan Toms, who along with 23 other whites, refused to do military service was sentenced to 630 days in prison. In the greatest challenge yet to compulsory military service, 143 whit9 men, many from prominent Afrikaner families, announced in August that they would not serve in the South African Defence Foroe, in part, because of the experiences of South African soldiers in Angola and Namibia. Subsequently, the Minister of Defence, General , launched an attack on the End Consaription Campaign, ~ccusing it of threatening "state security". The actions of these men represent ser~ous efforts by a growing number of white South Africans opposed to apartheid to ll~k with the blaok resistance movement and its quest for a just and peaceful solution to the confliot in South Africa.

D. Aggression, destabilization and state terrorism

53. The undeclared war waged by South Africa and its surrogate forces against its neighbours, the front-line States, intensified in the past year reSUlting essentially in the destruction of Mozambique and Angola. The loss of human life has been SUbstantial, and over 2.5 million people have been displdced in countries bordering on South Africa. 39/ It is estimated that the cost of regional destabilization since 1980 amounts to over $US 27 billion, while fvr 1985-1986 alone, it was $US 15 billion. The former figure is about twice the oombined total of foreign aid received by the nine members of the Southern African Development Co-ordination Conference (SADCC) over the same period and more than the value of the region's annual gross domestic product.

54. South Africa has primarily chosen as targets of its destabili~ation, directly or through its pro~y armies, the infrastructures that are priorities in SADCC'& rehabilitation efforts based, in part, on Western aid. For instance, Z:mbabwe is spending $US 300,000 a week on its military force defending the Beira corridor, namely, the railway line connecting land-locked Zimbabwe with the Indian Ocean. Beira, which has a deep waterport, represents an alternative to the continued dependence bJ SADCC countries on South African ports and railways. It is ironic that Pretoria's proxies destroy projects built hy Governments that protect South Africa from the imposition of mandatory comprehensive sanctionR. ss. A country most severely hit by Pretoria's economic destabilization i9

-11- Mozambique. In addition to the frequent sabota~e of vital infrastructure by the armed bandits of RENAMe (Resist'ncia Naclonal de Mozambique), Mozambique presently faces the expulsion of ita migrant workers from South Afr iea, a measure which will have a serious impact on the economic and .ocial fabrio of the country. A reoent ILO working paper warns that the expulsion order is a threat to the eoonomio reoovery programme currently being implemented in Mozambique. It outlines three ways in whioh the expulsion order is likelv to affeot the eoonomy. it will exacerbate rural and urban unemployment, undermine rural trade and transport in the southern provinces, and sharply ,'duce the foreign exohange reSArves neoessary to maintain and expand existing productive ca~acity. ~/

56. The terroristio activities of RENAMO bandits came to light reoently in a report commissioned by the United States Statw Department, whioh co~olud~d that the violence perpetuated by the~e bandits "is systematic and co-ordinal4d and not a series of spontaneous, isolated incidents by undisciplined oombatants". !!/ Primaly schools, health oentres and produotion units are among the targets of destruotion chosen by RENAMO. According t~ relief and ohurch offioials, more than 600,000 Mozambican refugees have entered K~lawi sinoe September 1916. If spontaneous settlers are included, the totaJ number is pro~ably far greater. Malnutrition, high infant mortality rates, the soarcity of food, severe overcrowding in the camps and frequent oontamination of water supplies have pl~oed a severe strain on Malawi's so far relatively sparse resources. ~/

57. In October 1987, South A~rica sent an 6stimated 6,000 troops to Angola. Its fo:ces fought in an integrated command structure with the United states-supplied UNITA (Uniio Nacional para a Indep'ndenoia Total de Angola), the bandit group of Jonas Savimbi, in an offensive designed to cripple irrevocably the Government of Angola. In early 1988, the war reached a at4lemate. 11/ 58. The escalation of South Africa's military aggression was not confined to Angola and Mozambique, it included commando attacks in Zambia, threats and a partial border blockade against Botswana, and terrorist acts in Swaziland and Zimbabwe, causing deaths, injuries and dama9A to property. The latter constituted part of systematic efforts to eliminate ANC cadres living not only in the neighbouring countries but also in other parts of the world.

59. As the ANC Secretary-General Alfred Nzo warned that lithe permissive attitu~9 adopted by certain states towards the apartheid r'gime's acts of aggression has given Pretoria the confidence to extend its activities so far ~field ••• ", !ttacks against the resistance cadre took place outside Oouth Africa. 44/ Mrs. Dull.~ie September, the MC representative in France, Switzerland and Luxembourg, was brutally murdered in Pa~iD on 29 March 1988. An attempt was also made on the life of Godfrey Matsope, the ANC representative in Belgium. In addition, Albie Sachs, a white south African lawyer and member of ANC, lost en arm in a car explosion outside his apartment irl Maputo.

60. A significant development in the situation in the region was the se'ieB of quadripartite talks aimed at finding a negotiated sol~tion to the raging conflict in south-western Africa. In August, the delegations of the People's RepUblic of Angola, the RepUblic of Cuba, the RepUblic of South Africa and the United States of America approved, inter alia, a comprehensive series of practical steps designed to create the conditions in the region necessary for a settlament. Earlier they had agreed on a document containing the "principles for a peaceful settlement in South-western Africa". A cessation of hostilities is now in effect. However, key issues remain to be resolved.

-12- Ill. EXTERNAL RELATIONS OF SOUTH AFRICA AND INTERNATIONAL ACTION AGAINST APARTHEIU

61. During the period under review, although few new restriotive me.sures were imposed on PrGtoria, sanotion. that hed been applied e.rlier started to oause str.ains on the South Afri03n eoonomy. Adding to the deoline of new bank lending and f~reign investment, trade sanotions and disinveltment have exerted their toll on the balano~ ot payments and the growth oapaoity of the economy. 62. In the last 12 months, with few exoeptions, the preslure on South Atrioa oame from non-governmental source., feom banks that find lending to South Afrioa risky, from oompani•• that find inve.ting there non-profitable and from individuals and organization. that continued pre.sing for di.investment. It was only the Commonwealth that, with the exce~tion of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, deoided to tighten up its restriotive me.sure., and the United State., WhlOh added another type ot sanotion to its 1986 mea.ures, that kept the momentum of governmental aotion against Pretoria.

63. Ytit, in spite of the various restriotive mca.~~es, Pretoria managed to redirect some of itl trade by opening .ome new markets and new souroes of supply. It i. highly regrettable that, at the time when .ome traditional major partners of Pretoria are reduoing their links, a number of alpiring oollaboratorl have appeared on the Icene, lome of them ooming from unexpeoted quarters. It appeara that lome of them, in parti~ular, from the Far Eaat, are attempting to fill the vaOUUM created by the restriotive measure. of aome indu.trialized oou~~rie.. In addition to redireoting aome of it. trade, Pretoria hal also taken full aavantage of the numerous loopholes appearing both among the unilateral measures of the .anotionl­ imposing oountries and within these mea.ure. themselves. Sinoe these mea.ures remain unco-ordinated, lightly monitored and not always rigorously enforoed, their impact remains le88 forceful than intended.

B. Economic relations

Salient developments in South Africa's economy

64. After years of recession and stagnation, South Africa's economic recovery continued amid increasing .igns, however, of long-term stagnation in domestic savings and investment. The growth rate of the grols domestic produot wa. 2.6 per cent in 1987 and 3.9 per oent in the first quarter of 1988, o~mpared to 1 per cent in 1986. The overall Recond quarter growth was a .easonally adjusted 1.S per cent per annum. Yet, such growth rate. are below the estimated 4 to 5 per cunt growth rate that is necessary to contain the high unemployment rate. ~I

65. Inflation in 1987 was 14.7 per oent, down from 18.1 per cent in 1986. The foreign exchange rate at the rand recovered in 1987, contributing to the easing of inflationary pressure. But, while in 1987 South Africa'S ourrent account was in surplus, in the firlt quarter of 1988 it regiltered a deficit. Both f~r.ign and domestically oontrolled indu.tries continue to shy aWRy from large-Ioale inve.tments because of the unfavourable political outlook. 11/

-13- 66. Economic indicators thus L$main well below the .xpeutation8 of South African authoritie.. The oommeroial rand ourrently trade. at about $0.41 and the finanoial rand at around $0.27. The gol~ prioe has reoently been ralling. It ha. primarily been the tailuce of the qold prioe to ri•• after the Ootober 1987 .took market orash that has reduoed export revenues and led to poor performance. 67. Sanotion. have had an impact on tha South Afrioln economy. This has been aoknowledged even by South African authorities. The Minister of Finance admitted that sanotions hurt the eoonomy by tying up billions of dollars in non-productive strategic stookpiles and retarding the growt;l of the eoonomy. 47/ SimUar views have also been expressed by leading South Afrioan busine.smen,-'uoh as Mr. Henri de villierB, Chftirman of the Standard Dank Investment Corporation, and Mr. Cnri. van Wyk, Managin9 Direotor ~f the Trust Bank of Afrioa Ltd. They believe that South Afrioa needs marketB, skill, teohnology and capital, and that what ••notions have done oannot be ignored. ~I In addition, the spokesmen of the wine industry of South Afrioa aoknowledged that sanotions are oauBing problems to the industry. ,!!I

68. Indeed, in August 1988, the Minilter for Finanoe announoed a sweeping range of eoonomio moasures to stem oonsumer Ipending and restriot resulting high imports. The regime WQS thus foroed to impose import controls to prevent a looming balanoe-ot-payments arisia whioh wa. brought about by the reoent tall in t~. reserve and trade figure•• ~/ 69. In faot, South Afrio. hae be.n unable to re80rt to foreign borrowing to finanoe adequate eoonomio growth and haD been obliged to rely on a trade surplus in order to servioe ita forelgrl debt. Politioal unoertainty hal led to a deoline in investment to levels affeoting the maintenanoe of oapital stook. The reoent fiscal and monetary polioie. contributed to the ourrent mode.t rate. of eoonomio growth which, however, have been inadequate to keep unemployment from riling further. 1!/

~rade with South Afrioa

70. South Africa's trade relations with its major partners continued, although there was a remarkabl.e realignmant in the order of importanoe among them. Mainly as a result of the restrictive policies taken in the lalt two years by these countries, trade with the Nordic count~ieB has virtually ceased, and trade with the Unitud States has noticeably declined. On the other hand, Japan replaced the Unitod States as the largest import~r and, thUS, has emergod an the first trading partner of South Africa. In tact, Japan, the rederal Republic of Germany, Italy, Silaill, Turkey and Taiwan, Province of China signifioantly increased the volume of their trade with South Africa in 1987. In terms of peroentage increases, Switzerland, Argentina, Turkey and Brazil and Taiwan, Provinoe of China more than doubled their South African imports between 1983-1985 and 1987. 52/ However, Argftntina recently announced the cessation of all trade with South Africa.

7t. The trade data diacuij~ed below are not exhaustive, since south Africa has 9toppft~ pUhlishing statistics on its trade with individual countrie.. The available information iA, therefore, based only on those countries (mainly members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)), which report thoir trade with Routh Africa. Most of the rest. of the countril!lI do not report or UnOfl[-report ouch trao!) in thfllr national statistics. Six OEeD countries were the m~ln trading partneru of South Africa accounting for about 80 per cent nf Itn trl2dt1'. In LQ87, Japan'n importFl from BCllJth Africa amounted to $2.4 billion,

-1.4- ltaly'fl to $1.", t.hoa& of tho Unlted StateB to $1.3, the Federal Republic of Oormany's to $1.2, the United Kingdom'. to $1.1 and Franoe's to $0.6 billion. While imports of llapan inoreased by 44 per oent over thft IIveuCjJe of 1983-1985, the imports of the United stat•• deolined by 42 per oent over the same period. 72. Japan'. main imported oommodity from South Afrtoa was ooal, followed by non-monetary gold and other preoious metals. Gold repLe.ented more than two third. of Italy's imports from South Afrioa, platinum aooounted for almost one third of the united States imports, gold, coal and fresh and tinned fruita aocounted for 40 per oent of import~ of the Federal Republio of Germany, and diamond., metall Or&8 dnd p~.ciou8 metllu and fresh fruit mlde up the bulk of imports of the United Kingdom. Swit.erland'. import inoreases from South Afrioa were mainly in diamonds, Spain's in ooal and Turkey'. in iron and ateel.

73. The Federal Republio of Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United StateB aocount for two thhda uf' exports to South Afrioa. The main exporter to Auuth t fir ioa in 1987 waa the Fedenl Republio of Germany (U. 5 billion), followed by Japan ($1.9), the United Kingdom ($1.6) ftnd the United Statea ($1.3 billion). While Japan and the Federal Republio of Germany inorea.ed their exports to South Africa by about 2S per oent over the average of 1983-1985, exports from the United Btateu duorulsed by 33 per cent. Taiwan, Provinoe of China doubted itD exports to South Atr 101 over this per iad, reaohing '4:'0 million. -531 74. It is repor ted, however, that the r.nvernment of Japan, tnrough "administrative guldan08D" to the private Beotor, is attempting to reduoe trade with South Afr loa. III Alroady in ,June 1988, Japanese trade with South Afrioa was 14.~ per ONlt lower in c'tollar terms than a yelr aCjJo. ll/ The tahle below .howl the impAct of AAnctions on tho imports of some of the trading partners of South Africa wll lch ftdoptqd reDtrictivt't melBurea in the last two to three yea re.

Chango in imports from South Africa by Bol~cted sanotiona-imposing countrieo

Value of imports from South Afrioa (ThouBando of United Stateo dollars) tmpor ting countrios illJi ill.! llnitoc't HtateB of America 2 180 1 320 ~'r:anco 644 1)81 1)nnmark 160 6 C"'llllnn 155 106 HWttdon 4tJ 20 Norway 33 q

Aourcol Commonwealth Committee of Foreign MinlstelN on BOllt.hftrn AfriclS, South Africa' B Relationship with tht' ~tttrnat!.onal Financial Syatem I RiPor t of the Illtttr-C'.oVtHnmnntal Group, July 198 •

-11)·· Inve.tment. and credits

75. In 1987, the united Kingdom, the rederal Republio of Germany, the United Rtate., Japan, rranc~, Switzerland, the Netherland. and AUltria, in that order, had the greatesl number of companies with investlnents in South Africa, ranCding from 374 companies for the United Kingdom to 28 for Austria. ~/ The l~rgest foreign inve.tor was the United Kingdom, accounting for about 40 per cent of all foreign direct investment in South Africa. ~/

76. The rate of disinveatmwnt from South Africa continued to accelerate for a third year, although some slowdown was evidenced in the first months of 1988. The succe••ful campaign~ by anti-apartheid orglnizations and shareholders, governmental restrictive measures and growing uncertainty about the economic and political prospect. of the country have led a large number of transnational corporations, ••pecially from the United States, either to disinvest or dispose of their equity inve.tment. OVer the last four years, more than 40 p~r cent of all transnational corporation subsidiaries operating in South Africa were sold or ~~os.d down, this figure inctude& 60 per cent of United States subsidiaries and 7 p~r cent of the subsi~iarie. of transnational corperatio' ,. based in the rederal Republic of Germany.

77. '~ile the number of foreign SUbsidiaries and the stock of foreign direct inv Istment declined, the links of transnational corporations with the South African economy have not been necessarily severed. Depending on the form of disinvestment, which often reflects the global strategy of a transnational corporation, at least half of those corporations which disinvested have retained non-equity links, such as licensing, distribution, management, assembly or franchise agreements.

78. Accord\ng to data from the Inve~tor Responsibility Research Centre, the form of disinvestment of United States subsidiaries in the last two years ~as as follows. 36 per cent were sold to South African companies, 23 per cent to South African management or employees, and 17 per cent to other foreign companies, 11 per cent were closed down, 6 per cent sold or directed their assets to some form of trust. Thus, mol:e than 80 per cent of the disinvested subsidiaries remained operational and morlt than half retained non-equity links with the parent trananational corpo,ation thus resembling the approach followed over the years by Japan. In addttion, regrettably, as foreign corporations reduce their direct investments in South Africa, corporations from Taiwan, Province of China ~re increasing theirs. By the end of 1987, about 80 Taiwanese factories had been established in South Africa and 20 others were Ilnder construction, most of them in the so-called "homelands". i,!/

19. South Africa relies heavily on trade credits. Its relations with internationel finance remain tenuous. Long-term credits to South Africa have virtually ceased but short-term trade credits are increasing. The main sources of short-term credits are the Federal Republic of Germany and the United Kingdom. ~/ The United Sta~el, Japan and the Commonwealth (except for the Untted Kingdom) hava banned new loans to South Africa, and some have also stopped export credit guarantee.. South Africa has boan able to attract limited amounts of capital from rar la.tern countries with large capital surpluse.. Otherwise, the prospects of external capit'.'. lending to South Africa in the near future are not promising. Tn 1988, well-documented studies by the United State. Congre.s and the Commonwealth Secretariat have shown the erosion of international financial confidence in South Afrioa. !91

-16- C. !!l!~.ary build-up and collaboration*

80. The apartheid r'gime contlnues to build up its military strength and to trade in armaments, de.pite the mandatory arms embargo against South Atri~a. It has increaled ita 1988-1989 det.nc~ and security budget by 22 per cent. 61/ In 1987, it exported ~rml to 23 cou~tri~s for a total of $900 million, making-;rms the third mOlt important export item aft~. gold and coal.!l/ It waB reported to be planning to build its own submarineR. 63/ South Africa was also reported to have used foreign technical expertiso t'o-upgrade additional Mirages into Cheetahs. 11/ 81. In February, it was leported that Austrian spotter planes were among the military items "recently" acquired by South Africa. 65/ It was also reported that arms were flown trom Austria to South Africa in November 1987, 8ever~1 consignments of weapons having been c!e~red through Graz Thaierhof airport and flown by the Israeli airline El Al to Johannesburg. !!/ 82. In March, South Africa participated in an arms exhibition in Chile. The Chairman of the Special Committee issued a statement expressing concern at this invitation. He a180 expressed astonishment at learning that two South African naval vessels had been invited to pay an official call to Chilean ports (see para. 151 below). !I/ 83. In July 1988, an infraction of the arms embargo was reported in the media concerning South Africa's order for three high-techology dual-use multi·oseneor platforms from the Federal RepUblic of Germany. The system, devftloped by BritiSh Aerospace and Messerschmidt of the Fp.~eral Republic of Germany, is already being used by the British Ministry of Defence to track high-speed airborne objects. It is described as an "e l ectro-optical" tracking system for weapon trials, but south Africa ordered it ostensibly to track weather satellites. Th~ two Governments reportedly gave export licence on South Africa'. assurance that the system would be used for Batellites. Apparently, by the time the matter was btought to the attention of the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany, one platform had already been dellverod t.o South "frica (see para. 152). !,!/ 84. The Government's fiscal review in the Federal R.public of Germany into the alleged delivery of microfilms of the blueprints of the U-209 SUbmarine to South Africa, mentioned in the previolls annual report of the Special Committee, was dropped after the authorities conclUded that the plans were not detailed enough to enable the construction of the U-boat. It should be noted, however, that no public prosecutor was assigned to investigate the case, instead, the fiscal authorities seem to have focused on possible violations of the country's export laws and had no acceS8 to all the data. Yet, a parliamentary (Bundestag) committee is investigating the case (s6e para. 147). !i/

8S. There were additional pr~ss reports about military and nucle~r collaboration between the Federal Republic of Germany and South Africa. The local government of Lower Saxony in the Federal RepUblic was reported to have said that ~t could not exclude the possibility that South African uranium hexafluoride was stockpiled in

* In view of the importance of the military relatione between South Africa and Israel, a report on such relations i8 contained in annox I to the present report.

-17- the Advanced Nuclear Fuels GmbH at Lingen. 121 Other reports indicatect that th~ South African lublidiaries of &MW and Volk.wagen work on armoured carn, whil~ the subsidiary of AEO produce. military ele~tronio productl. 111 86. In AU9ult, South Africa approaohed the International Atomio Energy Agency to adhere to the Treaty on the Non-~roliferation of Nuolear Weapons and to open its nuclear facilitiel to international in.peotion, but on condition that it would be allowed to trade in nuolear fuels and technology. In exchange, it would undertak~ not to produce nuolear weapons. 11/

D. International aotion against South Afrioa Sanctionl

87. Few .ignificant new measures were taken aqainst South Africa during the period under review. In December 1987, the United State. Government rep_aled tax credits for the United States companies operating in South Africa. Thi. mealure could inerea.e the total tax burden of the.e companies from 57.5 per oent to 72 per cent. 1!1 At the time of writing of the pre.ent report, important measures, which would further re.trict United States trade relations with South Africa, had been ad~pted by the United Rtatel Hou.e of Repre.entatives and were before the Senate for consideration.

88. On 10 May 1988, the Icelandic Parliament enacted a law banning all trlct~ with South Afrioa and Namibia. for humanitarian r.a,onl, however, the Minister l.or Foreign Affairl of Iceland may gr6nt exemptions from the provisions prohibiting the export of goods from Ioeland to South Africa. Infractions of the provisions of the law are made lubject to prolecution under the rul•• of criminal prooedure. Violators Ire to be puni.hed. The new measure adopted by Ioeland on 29 May 1988 wa. in line with the genoral trade boyoott of South AfricI end Namibia, implemented by the other. Nordic countries, and was legislated after the adoption of the revised Nordio Programme of Aotion against Apartheid in March 1988. Thft revision was a result of the trade boyoott by the Nordic oountrie. against south Africa and Namibia. Sinoe 1 January 1988 the Nordio oountrie. have implemented comprehensive measurea that are .aid to be intended to oounteraot apartheid and to reduce the dependenoe of the front-line States and the mem~wrs of SADCC on SOlJth Africa, as well al to promote economic development in the region. 111 8g. The Commonwealth summit meeting held at Vancouver, Canada, in October 1987 adopted the Okanagan Statem.nt and Programme of Action on Southern Africa. With the exoeption of the United Kingdom, memberl stres.ed that the international community Ihould widen and intensify economic sallctions and secure a more conoentrated global programme of lanctiona, with co-ordination of the implementation of measures agre~d on by each member. The .ummit set up a Committoe of Foreign Miniater. to meet periodi~ally and to provide the impetus and guidance in the implementation of the objectivea. The Committee commilsioned studies on South Africals trade and ita relationship to the international financial syltem. It allo decided to prepare a detailed Itrategy to oombat South Afrioala press oensorahip and propaganda. At ite firlt meeting at LUlaka in January 1988, 1t called for a atrengthening of lanotiont against South Afriol. It allo sugg."t~d that the United Nations mandatory arms emb2rgo .hould be tightened and that South Africall finanoial link. with the relt of the world Ihould be undermined. 11/

-18- 90. At its meeting at Toronto, Canada, in August 1988, the Commonwealth Committee ot Foreign Ministers proposed a global ban on trade oredits to South Atrica, a tightening of the foreign debt noose and aid to anti-apartheid groupp. The proposals are expected to be considered by the Commonwealth Conference in 1989. The Ministers (Auatralia, Canada, Guyana, India, Nigeria, united RepUblic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe) pledged to press for an international ban especially againlt South African coal. They committed themselves more thoroughly to stricter customs scrutiny and to the investigation of sanctions violations. They would also ask financial institutions in their countries not to increase trade financing to South Africa. The Commonwealth Committee noted that sanctions are having a discernible impact on South ~frica and that the impact will be enhanced if the sanctions are more widely a~)pted and their application intensified and tightenea. It also concluded that a global ban on trade credits WOUld have a very serious effect on South Africa's external accounts. 1!/

91. A ~eeting of the Security Council, on 3 March 1988, failed to adopt a draft resolution that would have imposed .elective mandatory sanctions on South Africa, largely based on thoee adopted by the Eur.opean Economic Community (EEC). The draft waB vetoed by the United Kingdom and the United States. Soope and degree of implementation of sanctions

92. The implementation of a restrictive measure is often less effective in practice than intended by those who imposed it. For one thing, the scope is often diluted, for another, implementation is often delegated to authorities that are not well versed in foreign policy. In the case of measures deoided by international organizations, the intetposition of an additional stage of operationslization, that is, the domestic implementation of an international decision, provides an opportunity for even greater dilution. 93. The EEC ban on oil expotts to South Africa is an example. The original decision of the EEC Council of Ministers had excluded refined products from the ban. Since Europe is more important as a refiner than as a producer of petroleum, it would have made more sense to do the opposite. Since there are only two oil exporters in EEC, one of whom (the United Kingdom) does not export oil to countries outside the International Energy Agency, the measure at first was only relevant to the Net)\8rlands, a minor producer. Defining the scope of the ban was left to the individual GOvernments. When it was later decided to extend the ban to oil which had been imported into the Community, the Government of the Netherlands decided that it would not apply to oil in bonded warehouse storage, thus leaving the facilities of the Rotterdam spot oil market available to South Africa. When it was later decided to include petroleum products in the ban, a loophole was provided because it did not cover petroleum products that had been diluted with certain chemicals. South Africa can still purchase petroleum products in this form and remove the diluter afterwards.

94. The implementation of the arms embargo suffers similarly from the fact that it must be left to individual Governments to decide which objects are covered. Since there are a host of "dual-purpose" items commonly used for both military and civilian purposes, certain Governments continue to export such items to South Africa. These practices are all the less excusable when one considers that many of the lame Governments apply rigorous arms equipment definition. when it comes to implementing the Cc-ordinating Committee for East-West Trade (COCOM) arms embargo against socialist and other countries. We.tern Governments have still not agreed

-19- to u.e the .o-oalled "COOOM li.t" of item. a. a guideline for the arml embargo Igain.t South Afriol, de.pite a European Parliament recommendation to that effeot. 95. The implementation of mea.ure. i. often left in the handa of operational mini.triel, partioularly tho.e of commeroe and finanoe, who.e offioial. have le•• under.tanding of the politioal nature of .anotion. Ind better relation. with, and more under.tanding for, the bu.ine•• oommunity who.e aotivitie. are being affeoted by .anotions.

96. Implementation oan be diluted, not only by delegating it to operational mini.trie., but by .plitting it up among many different authorities. Implementation of the 1986 Comprehen.ive Anti-Apartheid Aot in the United Statel, for eMlmple, wa. delegated by IMeoutive Order 12571 to no le•• than 10 different ~ffioial., agenoie. or combinltion. thereof with the brunt of the re.pon.ibility going to the department. of Commeroe and the Trel.ury, leotor. of the Government where one would probably find little .ympathy with .anction•• 97. Since slnction. mea.ure. are often equated with routine ou.tom. regulltion., they are often treated a. victimle•• white-collar orimel. In oertain countrie. they are only puni.hable under the le•• stringent statute. of oustom. violations. Violatorl even invoke the harmle•• or victimle•• nature of .uch orime. in their own defenoe, but not always .uooe••fully, for in a rare and commendable demonstration of political .ophi.tication, the State Court of DU ••eldorf in the Federal Republio of Germany, in a deoi.ion of 27 May 1986 in the .o-oalled "Rhe1nmetlll Case", fcund that the diplomatio embarra.sment oau.ed to the national Government by the illegal export of arme to South Africa oon.tituted an a~gravation of guilt on the part of the defendant•• 98. The implementation of the mtasure. adopted unilaterally by individual oountrie. against South Afrioa, therefore, need. strengthening through conoerted internltional aotion. There i8 a ne.d, for example, for better oo-ordinat.ion and standardi.ation by State. of their mealure.. It would 1110 .trengthen the implementation if States adopted legislative measurls for implementation inltead of i••uing policy statement. whioh do not have a binding oharloter. In molt oase., legislation does no~ have a wide external juri.diotional .eope and doe. not extend to national. abroad and to foreign subaidiarie.. The definition. of the mealure. Ire not generally comprehen.ive enough 10 a. not to leavQ loopholes. 99. Most economic mealure. against South Africa involve trade in oommodities. rew oountrie. (the Nordic oountrie. and the United State.) have adopted Inea.ure. oonoerning .erviol. to South Afrioa, such as foreign nationals serving in the South African military. In addition, the international oommunity i. oonfronted with the i.sue of eva.ion of .anotion. through third countries and the problem of tho.e exploiting the commercial opportunity oreated by those impo.ing .anotions. 100. An example of evading .anotions may be seen in the oase of Swaailand, where South Afrioan busine•• oonoerns have oreated many small-.oale Icheml. to replace South African label. by others that read "Made in Swa.iland". By attaohing forged "oertifioates of origin", they evade sanotions for .uoh oommodities a. garment. to the United State., avocado. to the Middle lalt, apple. to Europe and wine to Canada. 11I Textile industry .ouroe. olaim that .uoh rtlabelling operations are oarried out also in Lesotho and Mauritiu.. It wa. 1110 reported thlt a leoret offioe in the South Afrioan roreign Mini.try oo-ordinate. efforts to us. neighbouring oountri.s to evad•••notion•• 1!1

-20- 101. According to the United States General Accounting Office, in April, customs officials were investigating 41 cases of covert imports of South African steel, textiles or farm products, as well as exports of arms, ammunition and aircraft to South Africa. ]11 102. The European Parliament adopted a resolution in October 1987 urging more effective control of circumventions of restrictive economic measures imposed by EEC against South Africa. !QI

Disinvestment and divestment

103. In 1987, there was ~ record number of company disinvestments and an increasing trend of divestment of shares in firms involved in business with South Africa. !!I 104. Between 1984 and July 1988, a total of 339 corporations from 15 countries disinvested from South Africa. About 50 per cent of the withdrawals involved United States corporations and 29 per cent British ones, owing mainly to very strong domestic anti-apartheid campaigns. !lI 105. However, increasing numbers of the withdrawing corporations are adopting what is known as the "Japanese model" of economic relations with South Africa. They convert their interests, into the form of non-equity interests, such as licensing, distribution, franchising, management and trademark. According to the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, only a handful of transnational corporations have left South Africa "lock, stock and barrel". Most of them have "pulled out" without leaving. They have sold 'their subsidiaries to the local management, undertaking licensing agreements to secure a continued flow of income.!ll FOr example, of the 96 United States companies lhat have pulled out of South Africa over the two years up to December 1987, a total of 45 have continued to maintain ties through licensing and distribution agreements that ensure that their products are still available to South African consumers. !!I Analyses of disinvestment, however, have shown that many of the disinvesting foreign companies maintain less direct links with SUbsidiaries in south Africa. !if Other actions by Governments and organizations

106. Many Governments, as well as intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, have appealed for clemency for the "Sharpeville six" who were sentenced to death on the gr~unds of "common purpose". They have also denounced the banning of 17 organizations and 18 persons, and demanded the lifting of the bans. In addition, they reiter.ated their call [or the release of Nelson Mandela, Zephani~ Mothopeng and other political prisoners in South Africa. 107. The Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the Organization of African unity (OAU), meeting at Addis Ababa on 25 May 1988, the day marking the twenty-fifth anniversary or OAU, adopted a declaration by which it rededicated itself to eradicating all forms of colonialism and racial discrimination from the African continent. The Assembly expressed its determination to achieve early independence for Namibia and to secure the total elimination of apartheid in South Africa. Reaffirming its resolve to increase financial, material and military assistance to the national liberation movements, the Assembly committed itself to imposing comprehensive and mandatory sanctions and urged the international community to take such measures against the apartheid regime.

-21- 108. Meeting at Luanda in November 1987, the leaders of Angola, Botswana, Mozambique, United Republic ot Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe called for international action against South Africa's invasion of Angola. They condemned the South African war on Ango~a and called for help from OAU to drive South Africa's force. out of Angola. !!I 109. In March 1988, EEC called upon the Pretoria r4gime to withdraw its bill in the Parliament that would restrict the foreign financing of extra-parliamentary groups in South Africa. It said that it intended to continue to give aid to anti-apartheid groups. Under this and other such pressures, last June the South African Parliament shelved the bill. -871 110. Anti-apartheid groups organized an international week of action in November 1987 against Shell in Australia, Canada, Denmark, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. In the United State., they also launched a campaign against the Mobil Oil Corporation. !!I 111. Earlier, on 28 September 1987, the American Committee on Africa and the AFRICA Fund organized the "unlock Apartheid' ••1ails Campaign" in the United States. Symbolic keys were collected and left at the doors of the South African Consulate-Generll in New York in October Ind the Emblssy in ~~ashington, D.C. in Dec&mber. The Campaign was launched by the well-known comftdian, Bill Cosby, and the Chairman of the Special Committee at I press conference in New York City. Clmpaign ohair~n Bill Cosby WIS joined by the mayors of eight major cities, who presented "the key to the city" to symbolize the commitment of their cities to freeing apartheid prisonerl. Meeting with the mayors at United Nations Headquarters, the Secretary-General stressed the importance of th. Campaign and thanked the mayors for their initiative. 112. In February, the Japanese Anti-Apartheid Committee launched a nation-wide campaign to boyoott South Afrioan goods • .~I In the same month, anti-apartheid groups from 10 EEC countries held a conference at Bonn and pledged to intensify their efforts to secure the imposition of comprehensive and mandatory sanctions against South Africa and to promote peoples' sanctions against all forms of oollaboration with that country. They agreed to organize co-ordinated campaigns for, among other things, sanctions against South African coal and a ban on all computer and electronic exports to South Africa. They also agreed to work for securing the termination of South Afrioa's diplomatic representation to the European Commission. 113. A joint project of the Programme to Combat Racism of the World Council of Churches and the London-based End All Loans to South Africa, namely, the International Campaign Against Banking on Apartheid, intensified its campaign against trade credits and loans to South Africa and imports of. gold from South Africa.!2I In June, major anti-apartheid organizations in Western Europe, &s well as ANC, SWAPO, church groups and individuals, set up the World Gold Commission in London to block sales of South African gold. -911 Cultural and sports boycotts

114. The cultural and sports boycotts against South Africa are integral components of the concerted international action for the eradication of apartheid. Important activitie. and initiative. were undertaken both at the United Nations and in various countries by non-governmental organizations and individuals.

-22- 115. The fifth Register of entertainers, actors and others who have performed in apartheid South Africa was published by the S~ecial Committee on 9 August 1988. It contains the names of those artists and entertainers which have performed in South Africa from January 1981 to June 1988. It also contains a list of persons whose names have been deleted s!nce the publication of the fourth Register in April 1987. Several of the few remaining internationally known entertainers and artists pledged that they will not undertake again cultural activities in apartheid South Africa and were therefore deleted from the Register. Among those whose names were deleted are Paul Anka, Shir1ey Bassey, Cher, Rita Coolidge, Eartha Kitt and Frank Sinatra (~ee para. 164).

116. In November 1987, five United states fl1n.-makers, namely, Woody Allen, Jonathan Derome, Spike Lee, Martin Scorsese, and Senaon Seidelman, on behalf of 100 film-makers who are members of the united States-based Film-makers united against Apartheid, sent a letter to the President of the United States urging him to support fully the cultural boycott of South Africa, sponsored by the united Nations, and to adopt stronger economic sanctions against South Africa. 117. To discuSS the cultural boycott of South Africa and various aspects of cultural activities in South Africa, a conference was held at Amaterdam, the Netherlands in December 1987. The Culture in Another South Africa (CABA) Conference, organized by the CASA Foundation and the Anti-Apartheid Movement of the Netherlands, in co-operation with the Municipality of Amsterdam and various non-governmental organizations and individuals, reaffirmed the United Nations policy on the matter and discussed relevant technical and political matters.

118. In June last, the British Anti-Apartheid Movement organized an Il-hour-long rock concert at Wembley Stadium in London in honour of Nelson Mandela's seventieth birthday. Many stars from all over the world performed at the concert, which was viewed by over one billion people in 60 countries. The concert galvanized further support for the struggle against apartheid and for the release of ~r. Mandela, who has been in gaol for 25 years. 2l/

119. With regard to the sports boycott 19ainst South Africa, a major development in the combat against apartheid in sports was the entry into force of the International Convention a9ainst Apartheid in Sports on 3 April 1988. At the time of writing, the Convention had been ratified by 32 States and signed by 45 others. The Convention is expected to play a decisive role in furthering the isolation of apartheid sports.

120. On 14 April 1988, the Register of Sports Contacts with south Africa was released. The Register was well received by Governments and anti-apartheid groups, and was widely reported by the news media. As a result, an increasing number of requests have been received for deletions from the Register (see para. 159).

121. Earli~r, in November 1987, the International Conference against Apartheid Sport was held at Harare. It was supported by the Special Committee and sponsored by the South African Non-Racial Olympic Committee (SAN-ROC) and African sporting organizations. It was attended by many Governments, the International Olympic Committee (IOC), sporting organizations from all over the world, and many anti-apartheid groups. It set strategies for the further isolation of the apartheid r~gime from international sports (see para. 157).

-23- 122. On 25 January, the Pr ••id.nt of the International T.nni. red.ration announc.d that the play.r. would no longer b. r.quir.d to play in ~outh Africa. Ioe had expr••••d conc.rn about a po88ibl. African boycott of the 1988 Summ.r Olympicl at S.oul, b.cau•• of the annual t.nnis tournam.nt h.ld at Johann.sburg.!1! Lat.r, in Jun., IOC oonv.n.d a .p.cial m••ting on Olympi.m and Aearth.id. It illu.d a d.claration d.nouncing aearth.id and urging all int.rnational .porta organi.ation. to out th.ir r.maining tiel with South Atrica. It allo announoed that it would ••tabli.h • co-ordination commi ••ion to Dtudy and follow all matters ~~nc.rning aeartheid in .port (••• para. 161). !i/

123. D••pit. the progre.s aohieved in ilolating aearth.id .ports, the raoi.t r'gime i. Itill able to lure some .portaper.on. through financial and othar inoentives. Many of tho.e who were lured by the aeartheid r'gime .ubeequently regrett.d their decision and deoided not to collaborate again with aeartheid aportl. There i. a need tor the international community to take further oonoerted aotion to strengthen and further the gain8 already achieved in thi••ph.re.

-24- IV. REVIEW OF THE WORK OF THE SPECIAL COMMITTEE

124. During the period under review, the Speoial Committee against Apartheid continued to monitor the implementation of General Assembly and Reourity Counoil resolutions on apartheid and to promote the international campaign against apartheid. Undertaking activities that have maximum potential for influenoing decision-making, the Special Committee gave new impetus to the mobilization of Governments, non-governmental organizations and public opinion. Thus, it organized and sponsored seminars and meetings of parli,mentarians, journalists and prominent personalities from the world of oulture, entertainment and sports, by carefully choosing the participants who could influence Governments and public opinion, the Special Committee aimed at generating a multiplier effect in its anti-apartheid campaigns. In addition to the organization and sponsorship of seminars, meetings and missions, the Speoial Committee also provided assistance to a number of activities by anti-apartheid movements in accordanoe with the mandate entrusted to it by the General Assembly. It alRo issued statements and appeals on developments relating to douth Africa and enhanced C~lltacts with opponents of apartheid inside and outside the country.

A. Resolutions adopted by the General Assembly at its forty-second session on the item entitled "Policies of apartheid of the Government of South Africa"

125. During its forty-second seBsion, the General Assembly considered the above-mentioned item in seven plenary meetings, between 16 and 20 Novumber 1987. Based mainly on the recommendations of the Special Committee, the General Assembly on 20 November adopted the following eight resolutions r~lating to various aspects of apartheiAI "International solidarity with the liberation struggle in South Africa" (42/23 1\), "Application of co-ordinatad and strictly monitored measures against South Africa" (42/23 B), "Comprehensive and mandatory sanctions against the raciRt r'gime of South Africa" (42/23 C), "Relations between Israel and South Africa" (42/23 D), "Programme of work of the Special Committeo againat Apartheid" (42/23 E), "oil Ambargo against South Africa" (42/23 F), "Concert~d international action for the elimination of apartheid" (42/23 G) J and "llnitec1 Nations Trust Func1 for South Africa 11 (42/23 H).

126. The Special Committee, with the support oC the African Group of states, had initiated a streamlining of the draft resolutions 8ubmitted to tho General ARHembly. The new format and content, character i~ed by brevity and precisio) were generally appreciated by Member States from all regions, as manifested in the explanations of the votes and in the result" of the voting itself. There was also a positive reaction in the press as well LlS among non-governmental organizationAl Virtually all resolutions Obtained greater support, changes in the voting were particularly pronounced among member£ of the Western and Other Group of States. As in the recent past, resolution 42/23 H was adopted without a vote.

B. Statements made at Inap.tingfl of the Hecurity Councl.l

127. On )0 Uc~)ber 1987, the Actin~ Chairman of the Hpeci~l Crnnmittee ~ddresaed the S~curity Council during ita consideration of the situation in Namibia (nae H/PV.2759). He deplor(~d thp. unprecednnted attempts by the racint r'gimp. of South

-25- Afrioa tn oru.h liberation toroe. in Namibia and to entrenoh further the polioi•• of aeuth,!.!!! in that Teu itory. In view of the e.""hting atrooltitUI by South Atr loan foroe. 4gainlt. the Namiblan people and SWAP!), he oalled upon the international oommunity to .tren9then it. oommitment and 801idarity with the national liberation mov.men~. 'nd empha.i.ed that the malt appropriate and etfeotive peacefuL mean. of forcing South Africa to terminate IPlrtheid and ita 1118911 ocoupltion of Namibia ''IOuld be comprehend ve and mandltory ..notion. under Chlpter VII of the Charter at the united Nationa. On behalf of the Speclal Committee, the Aoting Chlirman endorled a propelal made by the Pre.ident ot the United Nation. Counoil for. Namibia to arrange for a oe.ae-tire and the ~p~loyment of the United Nations Trlnlition A••istance Group (UNTAG) in Nlmibia in conformity with Security Counoil reaolution 435 (1978).

128. On 23 November 1987, the Aoting Chairman of the Speolal Committee partioipated in the Security Counail debate on Angola', oomplaint of 199re••ion by South Atrioa (Ne. S/PV.2764). He reiterated the Speoial Committee'. view that the racilt r'gime'. 199r•••ion a9ain.t Angoll oon.tituted a .eriouH threat to peaoe and leourity in louthern Africa. On behalf of the Speoill Committee, he a.ked for the immediate withdrawal ot South Atrica'. foroe' trom Angola and the determination of oompunlation for the damlge. Buffered by that oountry.

129. On 3 March 1988, the Chairman ot the Speoial Committee addrelled the Security Council dur j n9 it. conlideration at the que.tion of South Atriol (.ee 8/PV. 2793) • Stating thlt the .itultion in South Africl oontinued to deteriorate and that it wa. It " Itage where even the mo.t elementary rightl ot the opprel3ed people in fJouth Africa to pelcerully prote.t apartheid and to exeroile their fre.dom or expre••lon weu ~in9 denied, he condemned the ban impoled on organizatic>n. and individuall on 24 February 1988, whioh olo.ed virtually III avenue. for peaoeful ohange in South Africa. On behalf of the Speoial Committee, the Chlirman reque.ted the Seourity Counoil to adopt urgently oompreh.nciv~ Ind mandatory .anotion. a. the nnly way to re.pond to Pretoria'. oon.i.tent defianoe or United Nation. r ••olution., lnoluding Security Counoil re.olution 569 (1985), whioh oalled tor the unoonditional IIm' immediate relea•• of Nellon Mlndela and all oth~r politioal prilonerl and detainee., the elimination of lelrtheid and the e.tablilhment of a fre., united nnd democrltic 8()Oiety ba.ed on univerlal luUuge.

C. Activities of the S ecial Committal a ainNt th~ pol 0 el and prlotioe. of the apartheid r CjJime

130. The Special Committee repeatedly drew the attftntion of the international community to the oppr•••ive and terrorist poliei•• and lotionl of the oPlr~h.id regimo. On vadouR occllion., the Chairman hold c1!scusaion. with Renior otficiala Ill.' ,.1 Ilumber of c;.'Ountriftw and other indivitluaLI conour:ned and called upon the lntf}rllation41 community to strltngthen the w()rld-wi.de anH ... aplrth.tiel campaiCjn, to support the struggle of the South Atrican ant') Nlmibian people led by the national Liberation movement. and to 41J1il!lt the fwnt-linu Statel, wh ioh have batn the BUbj~ct of Pretor1a'y agqr8Bsion and d8Btabili~at1on (ij66 annftX lIt to the pr.Bont report). Agaillf:\t reprelsion

131. 'rho Spucial Committ.e contlnuud its uffort_ to dl~.eminate intormation and oondemn the r:.prtB~ive polieie. of thu rigim~ and the attacks Igatnut opponentN of apartheid.

-26- 132. The Rapporteur of the Special Committee, on 2 May 1988, issued a report entitled "Apartheid on the attack: recent developments", which covered developments between September 1987 and April 1988. It highlighted the escalation of the repression of individuals and mass-based organizations, as well as terr',rist acts comm~tted in South Africa and beyond, including in capitals of Western Europe. The report noted that, despite the intensification of the regime's double-track strategy of repression and annihilation of opponents, coupled with efforts to co-opt parts of the majority population, resistance to apartheid was persisting, regrouping and ta'~ ing different pol itical forms. An alliance between organized black workers and the youth was developing into a significant component of the strategic resistance against apartheid.

133. On 10 June, following the renewal of existing emergency legislation for another year, the Acting Chairman of the Special Committee issued a statement condemning the renewal of the state of emergency and urg.ng the international community to respond effectively by immediately imposing sanctions.

134. The Special Committee repeatedly drew the attention of the international community to the fact that tt'2 apartheid regime continued arbitrarily to impose death sentences and to carry out executions as part of an ongoing campaign of persecution and brutality designed to crush and suppress the struggle for liberation. It appealed for immediate action to stop the execution of Mlungisi Luphondo. It condemned the execution of Michael Lucas and other persons and cal~ed upon the international community to prevent the executions of four members of the Addo Youth Congress, who were sentenced to death in January 1987. The Special Committee was much concerned and tried to prevent the execution of the "Sharpeville Six". On 7 December 1987 and is March 1988, the Chairman urged Governments and peoples of the world to intervene and prevent the flagrant judicial murder of the si~ young South Africans, who were convicted and sentenced to death on the basis of "common purpose". The Chairman denounced the barbaric concept of collective responsibility, rejected by national and international legal standards. The international community was called upon to do its utmost to save the lives of the "Sharpeville Six".

135. During the solemn meeting in observance of the Day of Solidarity with South African Political Prisoners (11 October 1987), special guests from South Africa, including former political prisoners, gave moving testimonies of their treatment, as well as perEJnal accounts of the repressive apar~heid machinery (see annex IV to the present report). The Special Committee unani.mously adopted an appeal urging all Governments to focus on demands for the immediate release of all political prisoners and others detained under state of emergency regulations, for staying the executions of 30 young patriots on death row and for granting prisoner-of-war status to captured freedom-fighters. On 22 October 1987 and 11 and l~ July 1988, the Chairman issued statements in which he expressed the Sp~cial Committee's grave concern about the continuation of arbitrary detentions, detentions without trial and the blackout of informatjon regarding detained or missing persons. Publishers, journalists, leaders of mass organizations, lawyers and others were victims of a new wave of repression. The attention of the international community was drawn in particular to the fact that the editor of the anti-apartheid newspaper the New Nation, Zwelakhe Sisulu, had been in detention without trial since De~ember 1986.

136. On 8 January 1988, the Chairman in a statement denounced the warnings by the racist regime against five anti-apartheid joucnals and condemned the attempts to curtail and censor the "alternative" South African press. The threats to close

-27- down the Sowetan, the N.w Nation, the W••kly Mail, South and Work in Progr••• w.r. a furth.r .t.p in .il.noin9 aearth.id'. oppon.nta .nd in pr.v.nting world publio opinion from l ••rning the truth about .p.rth.id'. dom••tio t.rror. On 23 M.rch, in anoth.r .tat.ment the Ch.trman d.plored the ban impo.ed on the N.w N.tion. 137. In a .tat.m.nt on 25 F.bruary 1988, the Chairman of the Speoial Committ•• •xpr••••d di.may about n.w measur" ~y the aparth.id r'gime to ban .nd r.strict 17 political, civic and hum.n right. association. and oth.r m••• organisa~ion., including OOSATU, •• w.ll a. 18 individual., from .x.roi.ing any function. oth.r than perfunctory on•• and con.id.r.d the m.asure. a furth.r int.n.ification of th. r'gim.'. und.clar.d w.r again.t p.ao.ful chang. !~ South Afrioa. By r••triotlng COSATU to only ".hopfloor" activitl••, prohibiting o~ll. r.o~ .anction. or the r.l•••• of d.t~in•••, and by takin9 oth.r .uoh m••sur••, the raoi.t authoriti•• h.v. trampled upon th~ la.t v••tig•• of fr••dom of a••ooiation.

138. On 12 May 1988, ~h. Ch.irman .ent a m•••ag. of .upport to the m••ting of COSATU conv.n.d in the mid.t of the at.at. of .m.rg.noy and the r••trlction. impo.~d on it, ••peoially in oonn.otion with the r••trictiv. Labour Am.ndment Bill. In Jun., the ChairmAn issu.d a .tat.m.nt oond.mning and calling for the d.nunoiation of employer.' thre.ts against a peaceful protlet from 6 to 8 Jun. called for by COSATU and ita affiliat.s. Th. Sp.cial Committee oon.idered tho.e threat. a direct violation of internationally acc.pted Itandardl of indultrial labour relations and ~'Illed for the mobili.ation of public support for the adoption of co-ordinat.d and .trictly monitored .anctions aglin.t South Africa. 139. on oth.r specific ooc••ion., the Speclal Committ.e focu ••d internltional .tten~ion on the .ituation in South Aftica, ror instanc., on the tenth anniver••ry of the death of St.ven Biko and on the relea.e of Govan kDeki. Further, during the .olemn m.etings in ob.ervance of the tenth anniv.r.ary of the d.ath of Mlngaliso Robert Sobukw" founder of PAC, on 26 F.bruary 1988, the International Day fat the Elimination of Raoial Discrimination (21 March 1988) and the Intern.tionel Day of Solidarity with the str.uggling ~eople of South Africa (16 June lf88), the interna~ional com~unity'. attention was drawn to the intranlig.nt and place-thr..at.ning po.ture of Pretoria (••• ~nnex V to the present report) •

140. Th. occa~ion ot N.lson Mand.la's Aeventieth birthday prOVided a unique opportunity to focus international attention ~n his continued imprisoilment. On 12 April, the Chairman call.d upon all United Nations Member Stat•• to inittate activiti.1 to mark that important occasion. Many States responded with a variety of oo~~~rativ••vent.. On 18 July, the Special Committ.e pald tribute to Nelson Mendela by holding a sp.cial meeting ~n the oocasion of his .eventieth birthday and by or9ani.ing a .peoial exhibit on Mandela and other poli~ical prisoner. in South Africa. The participants in the meeting called for th.ir immediate and unconditional release from ~partheid g40ls.

141. Th. SP'Oldl Committee dealt also with the situation of wom·Jn and childr.n under aeartheid. Its repre.entatives participated .ctively in the International Conference on Childr.n, R.pre.sion and the Law in ~.rth.id South Africa, whic~l was held It Harare from 24 to 27 Septemb.r 1987. 142. rooullng on the conditions in apartheid 9ao1s, the Sp.cial Committ•••xpr••••d itl abhorrence .t the detention of women and ·Jhildren and it. implication. f.ur ~heir phy.~~.l .nd plyoho1oqical condition. D••pitt their luff.ring. wom.n and

-28- ohildrln arl increasingly oontributing to thl liberation atru9gle. This oonoluaion waD reiterated by the Special Committee .t ita solemn meeting on the International Day of Solidarity with the Struggle of Wom.n in South Afrioa and Namibia (~ Allgust 1988).

Against acta of agir.saiun and d.stabili~.tion

143. On 19 November 1987, the Chairman of the Speoial Committ.e in a stat.ment emphasi.ed that the .xpansion of the deployment of South African armed foroes inside Angola is .een by the Speoial Committee as yet further prouf of the r'gim,'s oontemptuous disregard of world public opinion and its d.t.~mination to escalate ita aggression against Angola and it. support to the r.n.gade UNITA foro... On other oooasion., for instanoe at the forty-ninth ordinary ••••ion of the OAU Liberation Committ.e, held at Aru.ha, Unite~ R.publio of Tanzania, from 18 to 20 'ebruary 1988 and at the Publio Hearings on the Situation in Namibia held in Wa8hington, D.C., from 2 to ~ May 1988, the Chairman denounord the oontinued illegal ocoupation of Namibia and cond.mned the us. of the Territory as a springboard for launohi,-,g invadon anu oommitting aggr•••ion against the front-line states, 48 Will a8 for the f1agr~nt vio13tion of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of front-line Statls, in partioular Angola, Bots~ana, Zamhia and Zimbabwe.

144. On 29 March 1988, the Special Committee is.ued a statem.nt in whioh it deplored strongly thft assas.inati~n of Dulcie September, the head of the ANC mission in . In condemning the tArrorist act, the Speoial Conmittee oalled upon western Governmonts to take immAdiate .ction to ensure the .afety and prot~ction of r-9resentat.ves of the national liber~tion movements oper~ting in their countries .~ to forestall repetition of suoh dastardly act.. Reacting to the statement, the Permanent Representa~ive of France to the United Nations, in a letter to ..:tie Special Committee'. Chairman, a.sured the Special Committee of the French Governm&nt's determination to arrest and punish the perpetra~ors of that crime and to do everything possible to prevent a recurrence of such action. In another case, on 8 April, the S~ecial Committee strongly condemned the attempted assassination of ANC activist Albie Sachs by a car bomb 1n Maputo. In a statement, the Chat rme.n called upon the international communi ty to respond to that act of State-sponsored terror againRt the national liber~tion movement with immediate and decisive action to stop the South African r~gime fr?m conducting traneborder viol~nce and assassinations.

\4'\. In March 19814 r the Cha irman of the Special Committee made a statement at a Conference entitldd "South Africa's Future and Europe's Role" organized ty the Asaociation of Western European P~rliamentarians against Apartheid (AWEPAA) at LUBak~, in which he propoRed, inter atia, the setting :Jp of an emergency progr~mme for concerted bilateral and multilateral as.ietance to the front-line states to counter South Africa's economic destabilization, as wpll as to roduce their dependence on ~outh Africa's infrastructure. In this connection, ha emphasized the impor tanca of the Alo'RICA-("und for prov10ing mealls and ways to nUPDOrt the national liberation movements and the front-Un.. states against apar theid , s polltical and economic prepsure. On 27 July, on the eve of a meeting of senior officials of the AFRICA-Fund held at JJima from 2 to ~ August 1988, the Chairman of the Special Committee participated in a press conference, and the Vice-Chairmllon in the meeting itself, thereby demonstrating close co-op~ration with the Fund and the Special Committee's resolve to support its objectives.

-29- Aialnat cullabo~ation with South Africa

146. The Special Committee continued its effort. to per.uade Governmenta to curtail their eoonomic and other relationshipa with South Afrioa, and rai.ed wHh aome of them reporta of acta of collaboration while expressing appreciation to others which took m.alurea to end such acts. Againlt military collaboration

147. During the forty-aecond seasion of the Oeneral Assembly, at the end of the dlltbat.e on agenda ihm 33 "Polioies of aeartheid of the Government of S("uth Africa" (20 November 19Q7), the Chairman of the Speoial Committee'. Sub-Committee on the Implementation of United Nations Resolution. and Collaboration with South Africa made reference to the aale of blueprints of naval lubmarine. to South Atrica by a company of the Federal Republic of Germany and regrettad the delay in the investigations of Lhe matter. 11/ On 15 January 1988, the Permanent Representative of the Fed.ral Republic of Germany inf~~med thl Chairman of the completion of related investigat.ionw (••e para. 84 abov~: 148. The Special Committee followed up investigations by the Government of AUltria, and the Chairman corres~nded with the Permanent Representativ_ of that country regar:Hng plans by MS Ai [craft IIIdustri8S AG to set up 11 faotory in Ciskai, South Africa, to build small planes of the UB 23 type 8uitable for police and military actiYiUe•• !§.I 149. On lS January 1988, the Acting Ch4irman of the Special Committee, in a letter to the Permanent Observer of Switzerland to the United Nhtions, drew attention to thft partJcipation of a 28-member team of the South ~fr~van Defence Force in the annual Swiss maroh on ~ and lC May 1986. Recalling thuse General Assembly resolutions which oall on all. Statas to terminate their military collaboration, including tha exchange of military visits with South Africa, the Acting Chairman invited the SWilSS Government to comply with thoRe provisions. lliO. Following a statement of the Chairman of the Sout:, Afr ican Arms Producti"n Corporation (ARMSCOR) regarding exports of arms to Sri Lanka, the Chairman of the Speclal Committee, on 23 February 198R, sent a letter to the Permanent Hepre8entativ~ of Sri ~anka requesting an investigation of the matter. He alflo requested that those inveRtigations be extended to Q reported sale to Sri Lanka of armoured cars manufactured in Routh Africa, into which the Special Committee had already inquired through a letter of its Acting Chairman, dated 24 April 19~6, to wh lcll no repJ.y had yet been rece i ved.

151. On 4 Mar~h 1988, the Chairman, first in a letter to the Permanent ReproAentatiye of Chile, and later in a public statement, expresijed the se(ious concern of the Special Committee about reports that South Africa had been invited to participate in the Feria Internacional del Aire (FIDA) 88 arms exhibition at Santiago, Chile, and that two South African naval vesBels had been invited to pay an offic!al C1Ll to Chilean ports. The Chilean GoYernment was urged to ~ancel the invitl\tion extended to South Afc ica ror FIDA 88, as well as thE> visit of Soutli African naval vessels (Uf'l para. 82). The Chairman, at a st-anar held at Limca III March 1988, expressed his regret that Chile proceeded with the inclusion oC Sout, Africa in the Fair an(1 with the naval visit. The Chillltan Government respo"'\oIed by aSHuring the Chairman that it would c~*op.ratllt in achieving the Special Committeet~ goals and that. its competent organs would be instructed accordingly when organizing futuro QVentA of th 1'3 nature. '£1/

-10- 1~2. On 11 June 1988, the Acting Chairman lent letters to the Permftnent Representativea of the Federal Republic of Germany and the United Kingdom to ~he united Nation" requesting investigations by their respecti~e Governmentl concerning dllegad deliveries of Multi-Sensor Platf~rma to South Africa involving British Aerospace and Messerschmitt-BBlkow-Blohm. Th~ equipment, pruduceo in accor"ance wi th the requ i rements of the South Afr ican Defence Fo::,c'., would be nsed for locating tanks, misAiles, grenades and other ammunition, as well aa for preparin~ military operations. Both Governments were requested to inform the Special Committee of the results of the investigations (see para. a3). Against economic collaboration

153. O~ 26 August 1987, the Chairman of the Special Committee drew attention to th~ (act that several western European airlines (i.e., Lufthansa, British Airways and UTA) Inuerted special advertisements in South African newspapers pUblicizing sp~cial connections to United States cities, thuB undermining United States prohibitiun of air links with South Africa. Appropriate letters were Bent to the Permanent Reptesentatives of. the United States, the Unitad Kingdom, the Federal Republic of Germany and France.

1~4. On 27 October 1987, the Chuirman of the Special Comm!ttee, in a letter to the Permanent Representative of Equatorial Guinea to the United Nations, ref~rred to an article carried by The New York Times of 21 October lq87 concerning devtiopments in the relationahip between his country and South Afr ica, esp\\chlly as those seemed to be inconsistent with General Assembly resolutions cal!in~ for the cessation of all collaboration with South Africa. He requested clarification in the matter. On fi June 1988, the Permanent Repr~sentative of Equatorial Guinea to the United Nntions sent a reply to the Chairman denying any official or unofficial cullaboration with South Africa.

1,5. In a atl tement j';sued on 5 February 1988, the Chairman expreosed the Special Committee's concern that Japan had increased trade with South Africa, which wa~ ~~timated (or 19A7 at more than $US 4 billion, a 14 per cent rise over 1986. Japan had become the apartheid r~gime's number one trading partner. Such a development not only contradicted Uniled Nations resolutions against collaboration with South Africa but alao the spirit of Japan's own measures against the aparth~id r'gime. 'l'lle Rpecial Committee appealed to .lapan urgently to take additil)nal measures to end tradl! links with South Africa and to join in the effocts of the international (~(Jrnmllllity to eliminate apartheid.

]ljfi. In ~ letter dated 16 March 1988 to the Permanent Representative of MauritiuD to the llnttf:ld Nations the Chairman requested inveetigation and information relJardinq allf)ged reports that a new company, I.es Moulins de la Concorde, had been Rstahlished by nationals of Mauritiu~ and white South Africans. ~he Chairman expressed the strong hope that the Government of Mauritius, in conformity with relevant United Nations resolutions, would terminate any collabora~inn with South Africa.

I\galnBt sports vontacts with South Africa

1~7. The Special Committee gave active support to the International Conference againl1t I\partheid Sports, convened by SAN-ROC at Harara from 5 to 7 November 1987 (SOp. para. 121).

-31- 158. Upon the entering into torce of the International Convention against Apartheid in Sports on 3 April 1988, the Chairn:an of the Special Committee urged those States which had signed the Convention to expedite their processes of beooming parties to it and urged all other States to dccede to the Convention. On 21 April 1988, th. Deputy Permanent Repr~scntfttive of. the United States of A~erina to the United Nationa indicat.~ in ~ letter that the United StateB waa unable to accede to the Convention. .

159. Pursuant to a decision taken in 1980, the Special Committee published the RQgister of Sports Contacts with South Africa. The most rdoent Register contains information on sports cC1ntacts for the period from 1 January to 31 December 1987 and, as the previous ones, includes a cumUlative list, by country, of sportspersons who participated in sports events in South Africa and those who were deleted because they undertook nol to engage in further sports evenls in South Afrioa. Among them there are well-known sportspersons, such as Mary Lou Retton, Frank "Fuzzy" Zoeller, Jr., and Timothy S. Mayotte. For the first time, a press conferenoe was given on the occasion of the pUblication of the Register (14 April), which resulted in extensive press coverage on it (see also para. 120).

160. On 24 June 1988, the Aoting Chairm~n sent & letter to the Permanent Represeutat1v. of Venezuela to the United Nations drawing his attention to the fact that the South African boxer, Welcome Ncita, had be~n invited to fight in Caracas. He requested urgent measures to prevent the boxing fight as well as any sporting exchange with South Africa. At the time of writing, no reply had b~en received.

161. On 20 June 1988, the Chairman sent a message to the President of IOC, Juan Antonio Samaranch, commending his initiative to convene a meeting on "Olympiem and Apartheid" and the efforts that IOC has taken to isolate apartheid sports. On the request of the Chairman of SAN-ROC, the IOC Declaration Aga~nst Apartheid was issued as a document of the Special Committee (see para. 122). 162. On 30 June 1988, the Spacial Committee held a meeting to honour the President of the World Boxing Council, Jo~e Sulaiman, with a cttation for his contribution to the efforts of the United Nations to iso14te apartheid, and to pay tribute to boxero 4nd boxing administrators for their individual and collective actions in this regard. Speaking on behalf of all the boxers present, "Sugar" Ray Leonard promised not to take part in any event in South Africa as long as apartheid exisL~. Among the boxera who were prenent at the meeting were Muhammad Ali, Joe Frazier, Gerry Cooney, Don Lalo~de, Roberto Duran and Azumah Nelson (see annex III to the present report).

Against cultural collaboration

163. The Special Committee gave a new impetus to the policy of cultural isolation of South Africa. It elaborated its guidelines for the implementation of the cultural boycott of South Africa, which found broad acceptance. In co-operation with the Ministry of Culture of Greece and the Hellenic Association for the United Nations, it organized the Symposium "Culture against Apartheid" with a number of prominent participants from the cultural world. The Symposium, which was held at Athens from 2 to 4 September 1988, adopted an appeal, 8 message and a statement including a number of recommendations for future action (see annex IV to the present report).

164. The Special Committee continues to publish the Register of Entertainers,

-32- Actors and Others Who Have Performed in Apartheid South Africa. The Register has been kept up to date since it was first issued in October 1983, it is revised on a sAmi-annual basis. Names of persons who undertake not to engage in further cultural activity in South Africa are accordingly deleted from the Register (see pa ra • llS). l6~. During the forty-seoond session uf the General Assembly, the Special Committee organized a three-week exhibition of "Art against Apartheld". rrne exhibition consisted of original paintings and sculptures of 40 well-known international artists and gave testimony of their personal commitment to the abolition of apartheid. Produced by the Association of Artists of the World against Apartheid, the exhibition is to be presented as a gift to the first free and democratIc government of South Africa elected by universal suffrage. Until then, the works of art will be held in trust by the Association, on behalf of the Cultural Foundation against Apartheid, which has been established by the Special Committee.

166. On the occasion of the Day of Solidarity with South African Political Prisoners, a ceremony was held on 11 October 1987 to cel~brate the publication of a book of hor.\age to Nelson Mandela. Twenty-three eminent wr iters from around the world contr ibuted to the book "For Nelson Mandela", which was jointly sponsored by the Special Committee and the publisher Seaver Books/Henry Holt and Company, Inc.

167. The Special Committee has promoted an~ endor~ea various cultural events throughout the world. It supported and parlicipated in the International Conference on Cultur~ in Another South Africa (CASA), held at Amsterdam, the Netherlands. The Conference was organized by the CASA-Foundation in co-operation with the Anti-Apartheid Movement of the Netherlands for an extended exchange of views on aspects of current and future culture in South Africa. The Special Committee also endorsed a Project a~ainst ~partheld Festival in Italy, which was held in June 1988. It actively supported the production of a television programme by Globalvision, Inc., New York, which ie screened on a weekly basis as the "South Africa No'N" ser iea, and was represented a': the International Rock Concert for Mandela at Wembley, London.

168. In a statement issued on 30 June lQ8B, the Chairman of the Special Committee welcomed the decision of the Government of the Federal RepUblic of Germany to ban Hix South African scientistA from participating in the International Conference on Combustion and Detonation Phenomena organized by the Fraunhofer Institute {,)( Chemical Technology at Karlsruhe (sep. annex lIt).

D. Encouragement of world-wide action against apartheid

169. During the poriod under review, the Special Committee organized, assisted and participated in a number of meetings, conferences and seminars to mobilize action against the apartheid r'gime. They are discuoscd below (see annex IV to the present report).

Students' hearings on the situation in South lliica

170. On 11 Sept,mb~r 1987, in co-operation with the American Committee on Africa, New York, the Special Committee held a hearing of student leaders to review the grave situation in South Africa an~ student action in the United States Bgainst apartheid. Twenty-one student representativen replied to questions asked by members of the Special Committee. In following up the students' hearings, the Chairman, in February 1988, aent a letter to United Statea student anti-apartheid organizations encouraging them to oontinue their anti-apartheid activities in oampuses, streets, city halls and el.ewhere, as tho.e activities had strengthened the movement to isolate South Afrioa internationally.

Seminar on the Role of the Latin American and Caribb~an ;'ecUa in the International Campaign against Apartheid

171. The Latin American and Caribbean Media Seminar was organized by the Speclal Committ.~ in co-operation with the Government of Peru, and was held at Lima from 7 to Q March 1988. At the end of the Seminar, the particip~nta adopted an appeal and two resolutions. The Seminar was attended by journalists, ~ditors, writer., media and other experts from 17 Latin American and Car.bbean countriea (aee annex IV). Special meetings to commemorate the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Special Committee

172. On 6 May 1988, the Special Committee held two special meetings to commemorate the twenty-fifth anniversary of its first meeting in 1963. On that oocalion, the Chairman stated that there was no oause for celebration but an opportunity for sober reflection over the failure of tho international community to erase the stigma of apartheid. He called upon all concerned and peace-loving people to join in deoisive efforts to define new ways and means for the enhanoement of the global struggle against apartheid. The Chairman emphasized that, although the ultimate solution of the conflict lay in the hands of the South African people, it was up to the international community effectively to assist them. The meeting was addressed by the Chairman of PAC, Mr. John.on Mlambo, and Ipecial guests who had played an important role in the activities of the Special Committee over its 25 y~ar. of existence. A film me~~ by the United Nations Secretariat especially for the occasion was showli. Among the speakers were the President of the World Alliance of Reformed Churches, the Reverend and the Anglican Primate of Southern Africa, Archbishop Desmond Tutu.

Support of anti-apartheid activities, participation in meetin~s and missions

173. During the period under review, the Special Committee participated in or sponsored conferences and seminars, and granted assistance to 2S international and national non-governmental organizations and anti-apartheid g~oups in support of their campaigns or project.s aimed at mobilizing public opinion in solidarity with the struggle in South Africa. In this regard, the Special Committee oontributed actively to the deliberations cf a Conference on "Sanctions and South Africa", held at Howard 0nive~sity, Washington, D.C., on 31 October 1987. The Conference was attended by import~nt anti-apartheid activists from all over the United States as well as from inside South Africa. Three months later, on 1 and 2 February 1988, the Chairman reiterated the Special Committee's view on sanctions at a meeting of the Commonwealth Committee of Foreign Ministera on Southern Africa, whi~h was held at Lusaka.

114. The Special Committee actively supported and contributed to the International Conference on "Peoples of the .,' Ir ld Against Apartheid for a Demooratic South Africa" which was organi~ed by ~;C and held at Aruaha, United Republic of Tanzania from 1 to 4 December 1987. The Conference, attended by over 500 participanta from all over the world, was held al part of the obaervance of the seventy-fifth anniversary of ANC.

-34- 175. On 4 December 1987, in a message tc the European Community Summit meeting at Copenhagen, Denmark, the Chairman addressed a special appeal to the Heads of State and Government of the European Community to 9ive urgent and special consideration to the deteriorating situation in South Africa. He stated that the Summit had a unique opportunity to adopt further collective sanctions measures against the South African r'gime. The Chairman urged, in pert1cular, that nationa~ regulations be tightened to prevent loopholes in sanctions legislation that enable Pretoria to acquire vital equiplnent for the continued repression of the South African peopla by the military and police force. A similar initiative was unjertaken by the Special Committee's Chairman on tha eve of a meeting of African Caribb.an and Pacific States (ACP) with EEC Foreign Ministers on 26 April 1988, when he identified nine areas in which both groups ot countries could co-operate in the Special Committee's ac~ions against apartheid.

176. The Chairman commended anti-apartheid organizations or grclups and outstanding individuals for their direct and strong support for the internlltional campaign against apartheid. On 1 October 1988, he sent a message of ap~reciation to the Mayor and whole city of The Hague tor their declaration of The Hague a8 an "Anti-Apartheid City". On 17 February 198fJ, the Acting Chairman sent a letter to United States Congrese,man Charles B. Rangel honouring his initiatives in drafting and br~nging into law an amendment to the deficit-reduction bill by 22 December 1987, which denied tax credits to United States corporations operating in South Africa. On 31 March and 5 April, letters of appreciation wore also sent to Mr. Elie Wiesel for cancelling his lectures at Northern Michigan University and to Mr. J&mes M. Leas for his a~tic1e in The New York Times of 4 April 1988 in promotion of the divestment campaign and the total isolation of apartheid.

177. In Octoher and November 1987, th& Chairman sent letters of appreciation and support to the organizers of national anti-apartheid movements in Spain and the Pr~lipplnes, which will give the international campaign again6t apartheid further momentum. On two other occa~ions in October 1987, cables were s~nt by the Chairman to rescind or cancel decisions and ~rrangements of individuals or groups that would run contrary to United Nations resolutions on apartheid. The Chairman thus aodressed the Presidents of the Young Presidents Organization, New Haven and New York, Joel Schiavone and Jody Grant, to cancel plans for a trip to South Africa. He urged them to lend their aupport to the international campaign against apartheid and offered a free exchange of views about an alternative venue for an African tour. On the other occasion, the Chairman of Metro Media Channel 5 New York, John Klug, and the General Manager of Channel 50 Southfie1d, Michigan, George Wil1iams, were requested to rescind their decision to telecast in November 1987 the Shaka Zulu series, which is a production of the South African Broadcasting Corporation and a propaganda instrument of the apartheid regime. Both were called upon to prevent the showing in solidarity with the oppressed people of South Mr ica.

Mi8siona of the Chairman of the Special Committee

178. During the period under review, the Chairman visited a number of countries and met with senior officiale. The Chairman visited Botswana in May 1988, where he had consultations with officials of the Government, and Lesotho, where he held extensive consultations with the Head of State and the Foreign Minister. From 15 to 17 May 1987, he visited Zimbabwe and held consultations with the President of the Senate and officials of the Foreign Minlstry and parliamentarians. ~e vllited the United Kingdom and held conSUltations with the British Anti-Apa~~ Movement

-35- Ind Briti.h parlilm.ntlriln.. H. Ittended the "Pr.edom-r••t" Conc.rt, which WI. h.ld at Wembl.y Stldium in the United Kingdom Ind who•• focu. WI. the "Nel.on Mlnd.llt rr••dom It 70" c.m~aign.

179. Th. Chairman 11.0 vi.it.d the aermln Democratic R.public, Hunga~y, the Ukrainiln Sovi.t Sociali.t R.public and the union of Soviet Sociali.t R.public. from 1 Augu.t to 12 Augu.t 1988. He hel~ ext.n.iv. con.ultltion. with high-ranking Gov.rnm.nt officill., parlilmentlriln. InJ the leader. of non-gov.rnm.ntal .olidarity committ.... H. gave intervi.w. and held pr••• conf.rences for nation.l newI ag.ncie••

E. Co-operltion with other United Nation. bodi•• and oth.r ori,ni.'tion.

180. Th. Special Committ•• mlintained clo•• co-operation with oth.r Unit.d Nltion. badi•• concerned with .outhern Africa. It ha. continu.d to co-op.rat. with the Int.rgovernm.ntal Oroup to Monitor the Supply Ind Shipping of Oil Ind ,.troleum Produot. to South Africa. Part of th.ir ongoing co-op.rltion i. the ••t.blilhment of a ta.k force to pr.par. and organi.e a hearing in 1989 on the oil .mbargo again.t South Africa. Th. two bodi•• allo exchang. r.levant informltion Ind th.ir Ch.irm.n conlult frequently. A report wa. i ••ued on con.ultation8 b.tw••n the Pr ••ident of the Economic and Social Council Ind the Chairman of the Sp.cial Committ••• !i/ Th. Sp.cial Committ.e al.o continu.d to co-operate with ILO and took p.rt in the d.lib.rltionl of the ILO Tripartite Conf.r.nc. on Action Againlt AParth.id, h.ld at Harar. from 3 to 6 May 1988, a. w.ll a. in the deliberation. of it. Committee on Apartheid during the ••venty-tourth ••s.i~n of the Int.rnational Labour Confer.nce held at O.neva in Jun. 1988.

181. Th. Special Committ•• allo co-op.rat.d with the Commislion on Human Right., in particular, it. Ad Hoc Working Group of Expertl on South.rn Africa. Co-op.ration has a110 int.nsifi.d with the C.ntr. for Social Cevel~pm.nt and Hum.nitarian Affair., in p.rticular, ita Divi.ion for the Adv.ncement of Wom.n. 182. The OAU w.s invited to attend me.ting. of the Speoi.l Committee as an observer and it. repr•••ntativ•••ddr••••d ••veral of it. m.etingl and conferences. Lik.wi••, the speciel Committee w•• invit.d to all the m••tingl of OAU, inol~ding those of it. Lib.ration Committ... Th. Sp.oi.l Commi~te. partioipat.d in and addr••••d all the•• m••tingl. It .110 oontinu.d to maint.in clole co-op.ration with the Mov.m.nt of Non-Aligned Countrie. and with other Ipeci.alized agenoies, int.rgovernm.ntal, non-governmental ~nd anti-apartheid org.nizations .nd s.nt representativ'R to att.nd and addr••• oonf.r.nca., m.etingl and other event~ organized by them. rrom 7 to 10 S.pt.mber 1988, the Chairm.n partioipat.d in the Conf.r.nce of roreign Mini.t.r. of the Non-Aligned Countries, h.ld at Nic~.ia. The rinal C.olaration of the Confer.noe oalled for the oonvening in 1989 of a speci.l .esaion of the O.n.ral AI.embly on aparth.id and it. destructive con••qu.nce. in southern Afrioa. 11/ This clll wa••ndors.d by the .ighti.th Int.r-Parliamentary Conf.r.noe, held at Sofia from 19 to 24 September 1988, in which the Chairman of th. Special Committee participated. 100/ The Sp.cial Committee also welcome. the docilion taken by the Inter-Parliamentary Union Council It that Confer.nce to organi.e an inter-parliamentary oonferlnol against aplrtheid in 1989.

-36- v. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

183. In the pa.t year the raoi.t Pretoria r'gime e.oalated it. repre••ion in South Africl, tryin9 to cru.h every form of oppo.ition in the country Ind to impo.e it. pol1 tical deligns. At the .ame time, for a variety of re"Oh., the aPlrtheid r'gime ha. recently beoome involved in diplomatio ettortl aimed at a .ettlement in the conflict in louthern Africl. 184. The renewal of the .tate of emergency Ind the .erie. ot repre••ive mealure. adopted againlt anti-Ipartheid organilation. and dome.tio and foreign media lugge,t that the r'gime cln advanoe i~. objeotive. only through the indilcrimlnate u.e of foroe and State~.pon.ored terrori.m. The enaotment of these repre••ive mea.ure. i. de.igntd to .tifle oppo.ition to the r'/Jime, it. "reforml" and the Icheduled election~ for October 1988. l8~. Pretoria'. oon.titutional .oheme exclude. black participation in Patllament and re.trictl it to the "homeland." Ind ~own.hip council.. The reaction to that exolusion ha. contributed to the vicJlenoe that has shaken South Africa .inoe 1984. Tht r'gimt'a "ref\)rm." give an appearanoe ot power-Iharing without sub,tanoe. The centre-piece of the refotmi.t .oheme, the Nationll Council, .oon to be called the Great Indlba, will be an adviaory body. The aoheme, among other thinga, pre••rve. the fragmentation of the popUlation Ilnd the limitation at black power to "own affairl", pre.erving a. the domain for deohion-making by whites thon hauts mOlt critioal to the national body politic. As long as the state of emergency 11 in effeot, politioal prisontrs and detainee. remain imprisoned, anti-aeartheid and politioal organizations concinue to be binned, the prospeot. of a peaceful lolution to the confliot in South Afrioa r.main elusive and the country continues ita downwa~d apiral into violenoe. 186. R.cent negotiations in the southern African region give reanon tor cautioua hope or the re8olution or the war oonrliot in Angola and thft independencI or Namibia. The fact remains, howevlr, that the root caUA' of the conflict in southern Africa il the maintenance or afarthe~ and, ao lonq ne thin ayBtom io in efrect, regional peaoe will be threatened oon8tantly.

187. Aparthei.!! is not only being aggrelsively maintllined, but la also hlcoming the ohjeot of a diDingenuou8 effort to camouflage it through "r.~ormB". ThuB the challenge to the international community remains as high aa ever and tho imposition ot sanctions on the r'gime continue. to be of crucial significance. In thiy respect, those 9anctione imposed on South Africa by a number of countries significantly cuntributed to common errort8 of the international community and have had a conliderable impact on the economy, even if their implementation has been at times hesitant and on the whole unco-ordinated. Partly as a r.eDult of sanctions, the South African economy is experiencing slow ratgm of growth. The compoun~ efrecta of disinve.tment, the denial of long-term oredit ~nd thft lack of new capital inve.tment Irt beginning to be felt and _how the VUlnerability or South Africa's economy to sanotions.

188. In this context, the new measure. adopted against South Africa and tho•• being considered for adoption by the Commonwealth Ind the United State. Congr". ar. w.loome. South Africa'e trade with the Nordic countri•• has virtually o••••d and that with the United et,te. hll d.orea.ed al a rlll.\lt of the ItltUI8ur •• thQY have undtrtaken in recent year••

-37- 189. It i. re~rettul, however, thlt, while .om~ countrie. are grldullly reducin~ thwir tconomic link. with Routh AfricI, othtr. Ire tillin~ thlt ~ap in 4etilnce of United Nation. rt.olution. callin~ tor the oomplttt ilolation of the r'gimt. Rtoent .tudi•• rlvtll I di.turbing pattern, the traditional trlde plrtnera of South Africl Irt bling repllotd by ntw ont.. Thu" in 1987, the valu. ot South Atricln trl4. with Jlpln, the redlral R.public ot Glrmlny, Itlly, Splin and TurklY hit oon.i4lrlbly incrll.e4 oVlr the 1983-1985 plriod. Jlpln, whioh hll repllcld the United 8tato. I' thl lar;e.t trlding plrtner ot South Atrial, inar••••d ita importl ot South Afrioln good. by 40 plr cent, whill Switurllnd inOrlll«ll' ita importl from South Atriol thr.efold durin~ thil period. On. ot the mOlt 1i9nit1clnt be" ,ricilril. ot trade r'ltrictionl Iglinlt South Afdol h«AI bllln 'raiwln, whioh in 1987 inertllld it. import. trom South AtdcI hy l~O par olnt oVlr the 1983-198~ IVlrlge Ind hi' 1110 inv••ted in the "homeland.". 1n Iddition, IAr~.l'. import. ot iron Ind It.ll inor'I••d, I. wtll I. commodlti.1 which Irl uncll.lifild in Ilrl.l'. trade Itati.tiel. Th. F.d.rll Rlpublic ot aermany hi' b.com. the larg.lt IHpOttlr to South Atrica, ~)llowtd by Japln, the Unit.d Kingdom and the Unit.d Stlt... It i. dl.turbin~ that .ome mljor indu.trilli.td countril. Iti11 mlintain .igniflcant trad., invI.tmtnt and military link. with Pretoril. It i. equllly di.turbin~ thlt .ome n.wly-indultrilliled aountri••, plrtioularly in the Far la.t, Ire '1Ikin; Idvlntlge. by filling tht .oonomio ;ap creMted by thl IInotionl ot tho•• countr i.1 which hlVI h.,d.d the CIU ot the internathJllA1 community to i.ollte South ~frioa. It i. furthermor, worri.ome that lum. d8vwlopment., admittedly in tew Atricln countrie., 1~9;e.t that the neo'I~I'y vigillnoe i. not b.in~ eHlrci'ld, thi. allow. Pretoril to Ivade .Inotionl.

190. Recent d.vIlopment. in South AtricI proved onoe more thAt the r'gime cannot lIulvI the confliot in the country by violenoe. Oelpit. the r'Qirne'. relentI,ll" _ttlck on all tront., the oppo.ition i. regroupin~ Ind it, Ict!vlti•• r.n~e from .rmod rl.htanc. to IItr ik•• and boyoott.. It 11 implrltive then that the lntHrnltionll community IXlrel.1 furthlr Iconomie Ind politicll prl••utt in ord.r tn in4uce the r'9ime to introduce fundlmlntal chlnge. in thl politicll .ylt"m of the country ImountinQ to the Irldication ot WCthtid. There i. ItronQ ev idano. that economic 'Inction. cln have ••i;nificlnt lmplct on the aouth Africln economy, thllv act: 11 I cltllYlt on the dome.tic .. nd int.rnltionlll bu.inu. oommunity hI' t1f'f'lIctinq tho.1 eoonomic lIotor. which hive intluenoe on the politicll d.nllion-maklnQ proc••• in the country. In the .Ime vein, othtr .. !torta to ilul.to Houth Atr iOI, luoh I1 in the apart. and the oultural Hellh cln exert 11 par.Utl prnijDurt on thl ruling whit. minority Ind Iheuld thlreforo, b. Btrln9then.~. tqt. It hi in that oonteHt that the Special Committee conlic).rl t.hAt the mOlt ett.ct1ve ~Inctionl, .hert of the impo~ition of compr8honllve and m.ndatury H"nl,t10nl, Ihould be targtted at key arell ot the oc<->nomy, notftbly I hln c.m import" of 0011 and Agrioultural product., or _upply ot lOftn" and credit, or tranuter of btchnology Ind • ban on dirlot Iir tl1ghtR to and hom South Afriol. A mand.tory oil tmblr90 .till remain. onl of t.he molt pow.rtul way. ot prelluriny thl r'gimq. 'rho errectlve monitorin; ot the arm••mblrgo 11 11.0 of tHt.reme I1gni tiolncu 1n the inttrn~tion.l camplign '9linlt .plrtheid. mic and Jlpln, whioh, with rlgard to the "cop. and implementltion of ••nctiona, lub.tantlally 1.; behind t.he Nordic oountrie. Ind the Unit.d St.te., Mre urgently invlt.e~ to raiMM the llvel ot their G.notionl and to 010.' loophole. appe.rin; w1thin the oontext ot their partioipation 1~ the intern.tion.l letion Iga1nlt IPlrth.i~.

1~2. MI ••ure, ahould 1110 be conlidered tD prevent oountrie. from benefiting from th. vacuum created by othlr RtAt~A thlt hlVI lmpolld Ilnotionl. Ata~•• deciding

,,38- to intro~uc_ NAnntion••hould Artopt nAtional logillativt me ••ure. to penlli•• violator. at ••nction., inlt••d ot m.rely relyin~ on policy Illtementl. rinally, exp.ri.nce haM .hown that the .anotion. Idopted I~.in.t South Atrio. ne.d .trengtheninQ, better oo~or(2inltion and .t~ndardi.ation, improved implemontation and a mon .ttlllotivu (,.ntr:41had munit'.oring lIInd nportinlJ ay,tem.

1~3. WhUI tnftr:. ar. Ii\ln". thAt tho politioal c.Umate in thl ngion i. improving, I dlvelopment that the ApeDial Committee w.loom••, the international community ahould intenaity itl foouI on th. oontinuin9 deterioration ot the internll litu,tion 1n aouth Atrial, wher., !P.!.£..!:!U'J.s!, whioh hili b••n the f(JOt. ClAU •• of the r'\ilional conlU,ot., rtmdnl virtuAlly int.ct. The ohalleng, to "U the mctlnbtn ot the internAtionAl oommunity i~ •• urUflnt •• Qver.

194. In VielW af the above, the Speoial Cornmlttu(J rIllC()llltnl~IHi:1 to tll., Clftn.rll "•••mbly that: It.

(A) RtllHirm tu oont1tmnut.lc)l) of the flyflhllll or .!R.'tLt~!l!.tlrt and the Wr\:h.id r'glme'n lote or repre••ion, IQyrft••ion, d~wtnlllLl~ation and terrorilmt

(b) R,lfflrm Ilia the legitimaay ~)t the IItruqql. ot the oppr....d people ot South Atriol by aU me"nl, inolutHnQ Ir:m.d r.alMllnc., 1'or th...Umination of Al't\r.l!1!..t.!! Ind t,he ••tabliAlhmftnt of. .. unitfld, {h"noor"Un "nc'l n()n-r~ci41. lllooht"y in South Atrial'

(a) Oltmlnd thAt the .put'h!.id rdgim. lift t,hft It.•te or .muldnnoy, relea.e III ~()lit.iol1 prilC)lHH. And cl.totLn..., r..leind thto bAnu on poUtical orQlniution. Ind individual., In~ r,p.ll r'ltrlotimlM on the rr~.dom or the pr ••• , And end itl repr•••lv. poliot•• Ind viol.nt prlotio•• ,

(d) Demand 11Na that tht r.oilt r'Qimo annul the oapital punilhment reoently impo••rt on ()pponont. or. 9~art".hd1, inolu<'Unq th.. "Aharp,vL 111 SiK", and abide 'Jy to.h. Qan"vI ConVf,nHl.H1 of. l'i49 1l11t1 Additinnal Pt'ot.oool I of 14177, Which aocord pr ilon'H-or.-WlIr .t:III:.UII to otlptllr.c1 t ightorl'

(If) fllm~1huiu a~IAin thAt. only nogotilt:.1nrHI wlth thn getnu!n. roprct.ttntat:iv81 of t,h_ rfllllht.irlg mAjor ay call llr ln9 about. I p••ol'ttul, jUlt /Jr1l1 hlting IIlttltment ot th_ rncinl QunfLLct 1n ~outh Atrioa,

(f.) (~()nl1idlH thtll ce')/H:lluJ11nnl "ne1 rltcommonc'tml'.ionlM cont/linftd in tho report on [UCOllt dctVljlopmClntlll oonu,,,:ninq rltht'.1onll b.,tw..n Smlt.h Afr 101 and IIr..l (ann.M 1),

(,~) Rlqu,u"t, t.hw a.cud toy CUUIHJil t"., a<.1(5)t \.lumlJrtlhonady" and mAndato[y lanotion••~,inlt South Afriol.

(h) Cell upon all st.te., p.ndin~ the ad()ption hy th. Secur1t.y Council of oompreh.np iv.. , mlndlltory Dlnot lC'HI" to tMrminato 111.1. militarv, nuelo.r, trad", tinanoial, tClchnt11ogia.l, invlllntment, IJnd non-oquity r"lftt,hmM, 4ft WfJll a. air .nd othtr t.r.nuport linkllt with Sc:HJt:JI Afdol, "ncl prlltvtnt: t.hair oitizon. trom ~trvin9 in SoUlh Atrloa'It armed C(Jrce. an<'l other ...naitlve .,otorl or the oou",t.ry,

(i) Ur9. III Statt. to ttr.noth.n and co-ordlnlt. their m~.8ur., a~.in,t South Afr: iOI, f,)trictly to monit:.or: and Inforel t.ho implement"tion of luch me.,ut., and ~o punieh violatore,

-19- (j) Urge the internlcional community ~o intenaify its tffort. for full implementltion of United Nlt.ion. re.olution) on the cUltural, .porte, conlumer and other boyoot.t., wld·Jh are effecU'Je me,n• .;)~ applying pre..ure on Pretorl" to dismantle IPartheid, and reaffirm it. oondemnation of collaboration with South Ab ieoa, (k) Urge the international outtural oommunity to heed the appeal of artists, writer., entertainerl and other individual. from the cultural worl~, made at the Sympo.ium on ~ultl1re aga!net Apartheid, held Jt Athen., and call upon Governments to flcilitate implementation of the policy of cultural ilolatior. of South AfrioA endor.ed by the Special Committee aqain.t Apartheid,

(1) Urge tho.e Stat,'1 ~I"ich have not yet done 10, to ratify or accede to th~ International Convenrl~n•. Igarding ARlrtheid, inclUding the In~ernationAl Convention a9ainlt !eartheid in Sport., (m) Call upon Governmenta, intergovernmental and non-governmental organilltion., and individual. to extend III po.sible alli.tanoe to thft struggling people of South Africa and their ndtional liberation movements, IS well as to Lhe front-line State., which are lubjected to South Africa's aggression and de.tabUilation,

(n) Authorize the ~~pechl Committee against Apll't"eid !",O continue in its new approach to the mobillz~tion of internationLl aotion against ~rthnid, through coUection, Inalylis and diRleminat ion of information, meetings, 111tBon w1th non-governmental organizations and relevant individuals able to influ~noe public opinion and d~cilion-making, hearinga, consultations, misaions, publicity and other relevant aotivities,

(0) Ccnvene a .pecial '~!Iion in 1989 on oiart~ and itn destruotive oonaequenc•• in ,olltharn Afr I,oa.

Notes

11 In the townwhipl of the vaal Tri&ng1e, whftr.e the uprising began in 1984, the turn-out 1n the 1983 municipal elections fOl councillors was less than 1'\ per c8nt. In 30~to, the largeBt , fewer than f) per cent clf the eleotoratt voted. At the writing ot this report, the Precoria regime prohibited the holdil\C) of the All-In-Confer-.nce in a furthe.: move to P"Vf the way for the imposition of itl unpopu)'1.' "munioipal elections". This conference, call1ttl by COSATU, WII to Il8embl, the broadest IpectrUi'lI of anti-apartheid forces in ordlitc to work out I common Ind concerted responle to the r'gime'l mounting campaign or r.pr"uion. Prior to the Conference, leCllr Hy forces oonducted ra ids against .nt1-lp.rl:he.i,A orgln1llt1on. and arrested hundreds of activists, including many tr.J. unlonl.t~. Sep. 1110 The Economilt (London) 13 August 1988.

j/ At the top of the National Security Management System Structure is the State Seourity Couno11 and a oomp\ex of committee.. The C~uncil, who we chairman is Mr. P. W. lotha, adv!.e. authorities on the formulation of national polioy and atrat89Y re9.rding the .ecurity of the country. It. deoia1on. ere implemented at the region.l .nd local level. by the Joint Management Committee., which ISI.,. the ••ourity .ltult1on in each region and reoommend to the authorities appLoprllte solutions, ranging from .ecurity for~e action to the upgrl~ing of living

-10 Note. (oontinued) condition.. The Joint Mlnlgement Committee. and their .ub.truoturl. inolude rtpr..~nt.. tivllIi from bUll!nl.a, conlmunity counoila, the SOllth Afr iQln pallo1 Ind t:he South Atrioln Detenee Forcl (SADF).

A rlcent ~ocumlnt who.e oontent. Wlrl leaked to the Con.ervative Party and ~vlalld in Parliamlnt show, a r'~iml'. media advlrtlling atrategy to addr~a. ita "oredibility" problem and to enoourag, partioipAtlnn - mlinly in bllok oommunitie. - in the munioipal el.ction.. The total ooat, approved by C.bin.t, i. Qatimated at motft than '2 million. S,. allo Finanoial Mail (Johannl.burg), 10 June US8. J/ Work in Proqres8 (WIP) 52 (Bra.mfontein, South Afrioc), Mlrch 1988.

AI ~Jv.rnment Gllltt. (Pretori.), vol. 276, No. 11339, 10 Jun. 1988) and !i!! (Johannesburg), 5 July·li88.

6/ Government Gllette (pr,~oria), No. 11156 and NO. lll57, of 24 "('bruary 1988. 'l'h& 17 or:qanhat1onl are I Azan. In Poople '8 Organisation, Aza~iln Youth Organization, Cape Youtll Con~re8a, Cr"(~ck Re.idente' A••ooi4tion, Ottlineel' Parents Support Committee, oetainee. support Comlnitt••, National Eduoation Crisis Committee, National Education Union ot S~uth Afriol, Port Elizaheth Black Civic Orgar.illtion, Reloa.e Mlndela CAmpaign, South Afrioan National Student.' Congren~, South African Youth Congr.~., Sow.to Civio Allociation, Youth Congresl, United Democratic Front, Vaal Civic ABlociation and We.tern Cap~ Civic A~.o~iation. 1/ :rhe 'rime. (London), 26 FIbr uary 1988. 8/ In addition, Pretoria hi. e,tabU_hed the Olrence M4npower Liaison Committee (DEMALCOM), which is chaired by military per.onnel and incl~d.e representativI' from the Chamber of MinIS, Steel and Engine.ring Indultrie. Foderatinn of South Afrioa, the Faderated Chamber of Industries, the A810ci~tion of Chambers of Commerce, and other husinesa groups. Or,~ function of DEMALCOM il to provide participants with Btatistic. o~ H unL est"-relat,1 incident. and to forewarn of possible st.yaweye. Ree all'lo South Afr ican Labour 81111lt1n, SALB (Buamfont:ein, South Africa), vol. 13, No. 1, November 1987. -

!/ In ita complaint, COSATU singled out (a) the pr.fer~nc. that the Soyth African Government seeka to give to raci411y constituted union. It the expense of non-racial onea, and (b) the fundame~tal abridgement of the right to Itrike. "Compll1int lubmittlifl.. by the cong[, 11 of South African Trade Unions (COSA'1'U) against the Government of the kepublic 01 ~outh Africa", Report of th, Dir.ctot-G.~~ralL Fourth Supplement.ry Repsrt, Fourt••nth item on the ai,nda, Governing BO~, ILO (Genevl), May-June 1988. !ql Financial Time. (London), 2 March 1988, W.ekly Mail (Johann••bur9), 21 May to 2 Junt 1988, and Financial Mlil (Johannewburg), 3 June 1988.

ll/ 8alh (Johlnn••bur;), vol. 30, No, 3, December 1987. 11/ !!!k,v Mail (Johannesburg', 13 to 19 Nove~b.r 1987, Or ••ntli••• ~niorpll poIrce In the m.ltern Cap. i ••uld by Rlack 8a.h (Mowbray), 1 January 1988, C~ty PresM (Johannesburg), 10 January 1988, and jhe Npw Nation (Johanne.bur~), 17 to 23 Mlrc~ 1988. Notea (continued)

!!I The pattern of deaths includes mrie Mntong~, an ofrioial of the tnstitute for a Democratic Alternative for South Africa, activist lawyer Viotoria M~.nge, Mathew Cvniwe, Fabian Ribeire, Chief Ampie Mayisa, and others, all of whom were re.peoted oommunity leaders who were b~utally murdered, Finanoial Times (London) and The New York Time., 29 January 1988. ill COSATlI and UDF attribute) the violence largely to "a systomatic attempt to .mall, ou" organizat.ion. ••• In coming to Lds conclusion, we do l'lOt wish to dispute l .t member. of our organi~ation have been involved in acts of violenoe. None tne ",e••, the evidenoe points to the faot that the lion's ehare of the violenoe Of,n be direotly oredited to the vigilantes and the tai tu:. of the polioe to intervene or prevent further violenoe ••• ", "ViolenlJe in Pietermaritzburg (PMB), A Memorandum by COSATU and UDr", November 1987, Afrioa New. (Durham), 16 November 1987, and South Afrioan Labout BUlletin, SALD (Braamfontein), vol. 13, No•• 4 .nd 5, July 1988.

~I The National Committee against Removals estimates that 4 million blaoks ~avl been foroibly resettled since 1950 while 3 million are facing the threat of being relooated' ~,i.i. in Cros8rol1s. A report on human rights in South Africa, Lawyers Committee for Human Rights (New York), December 1987, an~ Reuter, 11 March 1988.

ill It h estimated that Rome 250,000 blacks livl in "white areas" nation wide. There are 1. ~ m1,llion Rquattera in the Pretor !a-Witwatersrand area and about 2.5 million around Durbi;ln, Finand"l ftl.:'dl (~Johannp.sbur,~), 8 July 1988, Weekly Mail (Johannesburg), 22 to ;W July 1988, r"ll. I Now Nation (Johannesburg), vol. 3, No. 30, 28 July to 3 Augult 1988.

111 South Afnca I Human Rights MO the Rule ot Law, International Commission of Jurists, ediled by Geoffrey Rindman, Pintsr Publishers (London and New York), 1988.

!!I Since 1963 morJ than 82 persons have uied in prison while being held under legis\o~ion providing for detention ~ithout trial, Review of 1987 by the Detaineee' P~'entl Support Committee, DPsr (Johannesburg), 31 January 1988, and WeeklY M~il (Johannesbu~~), 3 to 9 June 198R. !!/ Human Rights Update, Centre tor Applied Legal Studins, University of the Wltwaterlrand (Johannesburg), April 1988 and vol. t, No. 3, July 1988.

lQl The Shftrpevi11e Six were gr&nted 0 stay of execution following an unprecedented international campaigr. for clemency. The names of the Sharpevillo Six are. Mojal.ra Raginald S,'fatBa, Reid Malebo Mokoena, Oupa Moses Dini80, Th~~~.a RamaAhamola, Duma Joshua Kumalo and Francis Don Mokhesi. They were .entenced to Geath in the Pretoria Supreme Court in December 1985 fo~ being part of • crowd that killed a community oouncillor in Sharpeville, a township in the Vaal Triah9l e. They were oonvicttd of murdet and sentenced to ~eath only because the court found that th.y had "common purpa.e" with thl aCl ... ~~l perpetratorB. Thei r Ippeal wa. rejeoted on 1 December 1987. They were to have been hanged on 18 Maroh 1988. Judgement i' awaited on an appeal to nlve the trial reopened on the ;roundl that the key State witne•• committed perjury during hi. te.timony. S.e 1110 Hum,n Ri5lD.tt lJedat., Centre for AppUed Legal StucUe., University of the

-42- ~ote. (oontinued)

Witwlterlrlnd (JOhlnne8burg), vol. 1, No. 3, July 1988) and Amnesty Int~rnational Report 1988 (London), 1988. 111 Hanlard (Cape Town), 1 March 1988, coli. 154-156. 221 By now the boyoott has affeot~d m~re than so townships, costing the r'gime-about $400 million, Christian Scienoe Monitor (Bolton), The Guardian (London), and The Washington-iost, 18 February 1988. 111 Joint Communiqu' of the Afrioan National Congre.s and the National COL,ncil of Trade Unioue (Harare), 3 May 1988, and "Press Statement on PAC-NACTU Talks", illued by PAC on 2 September 1987 at Oar es Salaam.

241 COSATU News, Special COngress edition, May-June 1988, S.A. Baromet.r (Johannelburg), vo'. 2, No. 11, 17 June 1988, and Work in ProgreBI (WIP) 54 (Br.lmfontein, South Africa) I June-July 1988,

~I COSATU Information Bulletin tJohanneBburg), OCtober 1987) The New York ·~i.i,\el, 13 March 1988, The Guardian and Financial Timflll (London), 22 March 1988) and ~8ikiy Mail (Johannesburg), 25 to 30 March 1988.

261 Financial Mail (Johannesburg), 8 J.n~ary 1988, S.A. Barometer (,Johannesburg), vol. 2, No. 9, 20 May 1988 and Yol. 2, No. 10, 3 June 1988, and Business Week (New York), 20 June 1988.

111 b.A. Barometer (Johann~lbur9), Yol. 2, No. 9, 20 May 1988.

281 More than 30,000 members of thA National Union of Metal Workerl went l)n strike-in 180 tactories in ~UgURt 1988. The strike, which COlt the induBtry about $20 million in losses, was settled after an agreement was relched between the union and the Steel and Engineering Industries Federation, the national employers' federation in the metal industry. The agreement, inter alia, establishes compulsory stop"~rder tacilities for the union, Work in Pr0i!..!!! (WIP) 54 (Braamfontein, South Africa), June-July 198H' and NUMSA N~ttona! Strike Report (Johannesburg), 11 August 1988.

~I Wee~ly Mail (Johannesburg), 4-10 March and 12-l~ Augu~t 1988.

~/ The New York TimeR, 21 August 1988. 11/ ANC conference report, entitled "Peoples ot the World against Apartheid and for a Democratic Snuth Africa" (Arusha, United Republic of Tan1-an!a), 1 to 4 Dec~mber 1987, Southern Africa Report (Toronto), February 1988, and Wuekly Mail (Johar.n,eburq), 12-18 Augult 1988.

ill Statement by 26 religious leaders (Joh~nn.sburg), 29 June 1988, and !h! GUI~dian (London), 5 September 1988.

lAI Financi.l Mail (Johannelbur~), • Oecember 1987.

lJ/ The New Democratic Movement ia led by Wynand Malan, a former National Party Member of Parliament, who detected and ,toad al In ind.pen~ent candidate.

-41- Note. (continued)

1}/ 01e Kerkbode, the publioation of the Dutoh Reformed Churoh, pUbll.hed an artioIi qu••tionin9 the pre.enoe of South Afrioan troop. in Angola on "Chri.tian-ethioal ground.". Later 8eeld, an A~rikaan. newlpaper, oalled tor the relea.e ot ANC l.ad.r Nellon Mandela.

,l!/ The End Conlcription Camp/lign wal totmed in lat. 1983 to work for an end to the draft and to pro~id. moral support for oonaoientiou. objeotor., Re.i.ter, Committee on South Afrioan War Resistanoe, London, No. 52, Ootober-Novemb.r 1987, W.ekly Mail (Johanne.burg), 4 to la Maroh 1968, and Th. N.w York Tim••, 28 March and 23 Augu.t 1988. 12/ Although it i. diffioult to quantify, the End Con.oription Campaign 'Itimat•• that about 7,589 oon.oript. tailed to report for national .ervioe in 1985, in contrast to 2,500 in 1984. B,\',ween early 1984 anI! July 1987, a total of 1,248 objeotors applied for alternativft ••evioe to tt•• Board for ReU1ious Objection. As the war in Angola int~~BiCied, more whit. men refus.d military lervice. A surv.y conducted among whit. students at Rhod•• Univerlity in 1987 showed that about 52 per cent of those who planned to emigrate were l.aving beoaus. of con.oription. See a~80 S.A. BarOM.ter (Johanne.burg), vol. 2, No. 15, 12 August 1988.

l!/ Finanoial Mail (Johannesburg), 5 August 1988) and !teekly Mail (Johann.sburg), 5 to 11 August 1988. 1,!1 Front-line States tlnd the d.stabi Uzaticn by South Afr iOI, by Viotoria 8rittain (London), F.bruary 1988, and Victims of APartheid. R.fug••..!, Returne~s and Dilplaoed Perlons in Southern Atrioa, intormation paper prepared for th. International Conter.no. on the Plight of Retugee., Returne.s and Dbpllaed Persons in south.rn Africa (Oslo), 22 to 24 August 1988.

~I Mozambican migrant workers in South Atrioa. the impaot of the expulsion order by Centra de Estudo8 Atricanos, Univecsidad. Eduardo Mondlane, working paper issu.d by the ILO ~nternational Migration for Employment Branoh (Geneva), October 1987 •

.!hI New Nation (Johannesburg), la to 16 Maroh 1988) and "Summary of Mozambican Refugee Accounts of Principally Conflict-Related Experienoe in Mozambique" submitted by Robert Gersony, consultant to Bureau for Rofugee Programmes, Department of State (W~shin~ton, D.C.), April 198ij.

jll The Nation (New York), 27 February 1988) The Guardian (London), 4 March 1988, and The Washington Post, 10 August 1988.

~/ Mozambique Update (London), No. 6, 6 November 1987) and Th. Guardian and Financial Tim.s (London), 29 February 1988. 441 ANC statement on Pretoria's terrorism iSlued by ANC Secretary-General Alfre~Nlo: 11 February 1910.

~/ Finanoial Mail, 12 Auguet 1988) and John Small, Code of Conduct ­ Canadian Compani•• in South Africa, annual report for the year 19S7, 31 May 1988. Note. (continued) !!I Commonwealth Secretariat, Commonwealth Committee of porei9n Mini.ter. on South.rn Africa, South Afric.'. Rel.tionlhip with the Intern.tion.l rin.nci.l SYltem, London, July i988. ill The Cape Time., 20 Ootober 1987, .nd Reuter, 16 Mar.ch 1988.

!i/ Wall Str••t Jour~, 26 July 1988. !!/ Router, 28 April 1988.

~/ Irilh Tim••, 13 AU9ult 19a8, .nd !Ji.lncial Mail, 12 AU9ust )988. 51/ Commonwe41th NewI R.l••••, "StathUcI on trade with South Africa", 5 AU9U8t 1988. -52/ -Ibid. 1!1 Ibid, The N.w York Time., 22 Novemb.r 1981, and The Citizen, 20 November 1987.

}!/ The New York Timel, 13 AU9ult 1988, Financial Timt!, 1 AU9u.t 1983, Th, Economi.t, London, 2 April 1988, and !eate K1ein, Tr,nanation.l corporate bt.1nv••€m.nt from South Afric.. S.lective Di ••ni.vement, (unpubli.hed p.per, prepared for the Centre again.t AParth.id), Augu.t 1988, p. 31.

~/ Fi~.nci41 Tim••, 22 July 1988.

56/ International Confederation of Fre~ Trade Union., Investment in Apartheid, Bru••el., May 1988. !1/ Anti-Apartheid MovRment, London, U.K. Companie. and Their Sub.idiary or Related Companies in South Africa and Nami~i., June 1988.

1!/ K1ein, OPt eit., pp. 26-27.

}!/ Financial Time., 3 Augu.t 1988. !Q/ Unit.d State. G.neral Accounting Office, South Africa. Trenda in Trade, Lftndinq and Investment, April 1988, and Com~nwealth Conlmitt.e of Forei9n Mini.ter. on Southern Africa, op, olt.

!!/ Anti-Apartheid Movement, ~ti-Apartheid New., London, May 1983. !AI Agence Franc.-Pre.a. diapatch, 24 May 1988. 111 Reuter, 18 November 1987. !!I Anti-Ap.rtheid Now., London, January/February 1988. j!/ Finlnc111 Time., 3 Februlry 1988. !i/ AUltrlln Pr,•• Aiency, 24 Janulry 1988. Notes (continued) !11 United Nations Department ot Public Information press release, GA/AP71841, 7 March 1988) and Business Day, 31 March 1988.

!i/ 'rh" Guardian, 5 July 1988. !!/ The Citizen, iJ 3nd 14 January, The Guardian, 13 January, aer 8piegel, 22 February, and Die Zeit, 1 July 1988. 12/ Frankfurter Al1gemeine Zeitung, 14 January 1988. 11/ Southscan, vol. 2, No. 37, 2 June 1988.

~/ Reuter, 16 August 1988, and The Citizen, 17 August 1988.

11/ The New York Times, 25 Decflmber 1967, and The Star" 12 January 1988.

11/ Law No. 67/li88 on the prohibition ot trade with Aouth Africa ~nd Namibia, and A/43/284~S/19737.

li/ A/42/677, Financial ~imes, (London), 3 February 1988, and The Guardian, 2, 3 February 1988.

1!/ Se. A/43/544, and The Guardian, 5 August 1988.

77/ Canada and the United ~t.te8 have banned the import of South African wine.--Japan f Taiwan, Switzerland, B~lgium, the Federal Republic of CArmany and the Nether~·.and8 are the biggast importers of SOIJth Afr icftn wine (Reuter, 28 Apr il 1988).

1!/ Christian SOlence Monitor (Boston), ~ August 1988. 11/ ~. !QI Newsletter on the Oil Embargo against 80uth Africa (Amsterdam), Shipping Re8e~rch Bureau, No. 9, O~tober 1987 and No. 10, January 1988.

!il Small, OPt cit. !!/ Klein, ne. cit., pp. 7 and 32.

831 International Confederat.ion of Free Trade Unions, op.eit., and Klein, op •c it., P• 33• !!/ The Washington !2!l, 22 December 1987 • .la/ United Nation.. , "Activities of transnational corporations in South Africa and Namibia", report of the Secretary~Gen"ral, (E/C.10/1988/7), 20 January 1988.

,!!/ Reuter, 16 November 19~7.

!I/ The New York Times, 2 March 1988, Finan~ia1 Time., 7 March 1988.

-46~ ~!! (continueO) !I/ Tnt Star, airmail weekly, 22 July 1988. !!/ I!!! (Tokyo), 24 February 1988.

12/ New.letter (London), International Campaign ag~inst Banking on Apartheid, No. 5, winter 1987/88.

!!/ The Guardian, 9 June 1988.

!!I ~e Guardian, 7, 9, 10, Mnd 13 June 1988) and The New Na~, 8, 11 and 13 June 1988.

11/ The New York ~imes, 26 January 1988. 94/ Ibid., 22 June 1988) and the Dlclaration of the International Olympic Committee AgaInst Apartheid in Sport, A/4J/543, annex.

95/ See Offioial Reo~rds of the General Assembly, Forty-second S8.8ion, Plenary me.tings, 76th and 77th meetings, a~,d ~., supplement No. 22 (A/42/22), para. 113.

!§/ ~., Supplement No. 22 (A/42/22) para. 113.

97/ Letter from the Permanent R.pre8entati~e of Chile to the Unlted Nations, addrp;SeJ to the Chairman of the Special C~mmi~tee, 30 March 1988. !!I E/1ge8/81/Add.l. !!/ See A/43/610-S/20180.

100/ See A/43/675-S/2021~. ----

-47- ANNEX I

Report on recent developments concerning relations between South Africa and Israel

I. INTRODUCTION

1. This report is in response to General Assembly resolution 42/23 0, of 20 November 1987, by which the Assembly requested the Special Committee against Apartheid to keep the relations between Israel and South Africa under constant review and to report thereon to the General Assembly and the Security Council as appropriate.

2. The restrictive measures adopted last year by the Govern~ent of Israel against South Africa were noted in the Special Committee's previous special report on this subject. ~I That report noted that Israel sold between RI.26 and RI.68 billion worth of arms to South Africa a year. In view of the fact that military relations, which are generally considered very important, continue between the two countries, this report ~s focused mainly on such relations.

3. Although, owing to the secretive nature of the relations between the two countries, available data are limited, sufficient information exists suggesting that collaboration, between South Africa and Israel, in particular, in the military field, continues.

II. MILITARY COLLABORATION

4. On 18 March 1987, the Israeli Cabinet announced that it would not renew its military contracts with South Africa. However, in spite of this announcement, it was reported that the Israeli Government had repeatedly reassured the public that the relations with South Africa would "really not change" and that the industries would not suffer. The same reports also indicated that some of Israel's military contracts would not expire until the late 1990s. bl Indeed, the continuing military collaboration between the two countries ~onfirms [the point) that little is changed in their relations.

5. In November 1987, it was reported that South Africa had seized the opportunity of the cancellation of Israel's Lavi jet fighter plane to attract laid-off aircraft workers by offering as high a salary as $7,000 a month and generous transportation and housing allowance to 600 former employees of the Israeli Aircraft Industries. £/ Although a spokesman of South Africa's ARMSCOR denied that any Israeli engineer was employed by ARMSCOR, reports to the contrary persisted. ~I

6. According to reliable reports, about 50 Israeli aircraft industry engineers and technicians, made redundant by the cancellation of the Lavi fighter project, had been recruited by a South African aircraft company and were living in Johannesburg in December 1987, receiving salaries of between $5,000 and $7,000 a month, payable into bank accounts anywhere in the world. They would initially begin work on the Cheetah upgrade programme, an adaptation of the South African Mirage fighter, before helping to set up a plant at an existing factory near Pretoria for the manufacture of a new aircraft. ~I The Israeli experts are

-48- believed ~o have played I lignitialnt role in devllopin9 the recently llunched and ireatly modified Cheetlh. -fl 7. In Augult 1988, the .plrthli~ r4iime unv.iled the new, improved Ch.etlh, the Ch••tah E, which i. a modern1.ed and inteit.tld nlvigation Ind w.apon IYltlm. It ill IIlid to b-. oapable of .witohi.n; from I ;ruund attaok to a dO; Uc;ht modi with the pUlh at a button. The Cheetah E Wit reported to have b.e~ .ecretly .tationed at l new airba•• i~ the northern Tranava.l and to have undefion. I.veral monthl ot ta.tin;. oil

8. Mor.ovl[, IaraeU military adviSftrft were reported to have ulisted. the south Afrioan air force in ita war on Angola. Th.y were I.id to have jammed the Aniolan radar and enabled the South Atrican ftir force to make the r.i~ on LubanCjJo in rebruary 1988. The Observer alle91dly r.ported that about 600 IarlAli technicianl wire involved in tha~ ag9reuive action. t t iI belhved that thia ;r.a~ number of IMfaeli advi.erl hive beln in Namibia Jince 1976 and that in 1981 the then Ilr.eli Oetence Minilter, Ariel Sharon, viBited troops Ln north8rn Namibia aa well al louthern Angela. hi Aocording to An~olan 8our08A, ther~ ha. b.en Ilraftli. involvement. in the training of UNl'fA cmllHIHI at a hUll 1n I neighbouring country, and Ilrae1\ milit.ary personnel were ftngag8d with the South Atrican military in Namibia. -il 9. In addition to 1lra.l1 .ngLneer~ an~ a~vi.er. Rervin9 in South Africa, there 1ft alllo arm. trlde betw"n the twn COlJntr i,.. Ono .o~lroe hll ••tlm.ted that lf11uel'. Innull arml .all' t.o ROllth I\fr iea LPI aho\.lt 10 pet oent. or ita total annual arml export, • .11 10. Oeapit.e t.he at.tempta to k••p thfl milLt!ry trade betwe.n the two oountriel top secret, IporlcUc informaUon h~comu /I VII 11. 11 hlt • Accordin; to one 8uch pieoe of information, qiven by t.he head of t.he Oa .. hh leamen', union, three Dlnilh fr~ight.r. were undijr contract. t.o tho llr.eli firm, Mano Seaway., which Ipecialt.e. in tran,por tin; Isueli wlaponll to South Afr io.. Quoting cuw membera' .tatemlnt., he Qaid that. the Ihip., nam81y ~.rburg, Klrolint and Oortht Lea, oarried arm. to South Afr iel t.hh year al well l'll!l In the PaRt. • .111 It. wa. allo reporttd t.hat ar:ma w,r~ flown by the Ilrllli airtina, ~l Al, from AUltria to Johanne.burg in November 1987. -11 11. In another inltanea, INr.e1 wau report@d to havI agreed to trlde an extcutivt jet: for South Atriean coal in ft Rl4 million deal, whioh, IccorcUnq to the lpoke.man of tht Ener9Y Mini,try, did not violate new Israeli meaIJr•• a9ainl~ Sou~h Africa. ml In the vein or trade for military U.', Ilrael'. Itate ~elevilinn claimtd that l1rl81 import. at.et from South Africa tor it, arms induBtlY. -nl 12. Thert were rho r.o.n~ rtport. tmAnatin9 from tht I~rl.li pr ... and other Roureel that the IIrael1 and Houth African officiala were to meet lilt ~u9ult in Pretoria .eeretly. Th. meeting waR r.pott.dly arranged 1n aocordanot with In Igr••ment concluded in 1976, when the thtn South Africln Prime Minilter, John Vonter, viaited 18r..l and eBtabll1hed "I m1niDterial level committee to over••• a .~t of military and economic accord.". It allo appeared from the•• reporta tha~ thil 19r••ment, like molt of other 19r.ementa between the r'91mt ar,J Ilrl'l, WI. open-ended andlor H.lf-perpetuating. Moreover, the llrl.ll presl, rtlyin9 on Ilr.ell Forei9n Ministry louroe., reported that the March 118' cabinet

-49- decision was "explicit" to the effect that Israel would "sign no new agreements with South Africa" but would "adhere to the existing ones". 9/

13. In view of the illustrative data provided above and the announcements made by Israeli officials, the limited measures adopted by Israel against South Africa do not appear to have altered substantively the relationship between the two countries. It is characteristic that the Director General of the Foreign Ministry of Israel has noted that the measures adopted by Israel in 1987 were symbolic and would not seriously hurt the $240 milliOll-a-year trade between the two countries • .E/

Ill. THE POSITION OF THE GOVERNMENT OF ISRAEL ON SANCTIONS AGAINST SOUTH AFRICA

14. A letter dated 29 July 1988 from the Permanent Mission of Israel to the United Nations and addressed to the Centre against Apartheid, indicated that the Israeli Government would continue its endeavour to curtail its relations with South Africa and that it would refrain from new undertakings between Israel and South Africa in the realm of defence. It added that no new investments in South Africa had been approved and that cultural ties had been completely severed with "those institutes in South Africa that are connected in any way with the apartheid regime". It also said that Israeli civil servants are forbidden to visit South Africa and that the Israeli authorities, including its Customs Services, had taken all necessary steps in order to prevent Israel from being used as a transit point for the transfer of goods and services to and from South Africa. The letter also mentioned training programmes in Israel for black South African candidates and invitations to some prominent black leaders to visit Israel.

15. The Special Committee does not, however, regard ~~~h programmes and visits as restrictive measure~ against South Africa. However useful their purpose may be, such actions cannot be substitutes for restrictive measures.

IV. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

16. Despite the measures adopted by the Government of Israel against South Africa, as announced last year and reaffirmed recently, Israel continues to have dealings with South Africa, particularly in the military field. The existence of secret military and other agreements in force between the two countries imply that such collaboration will continue until the agreements expire at a date that is also unknown to the international community. Israel's military collaboration with South Africa extends not only to arms trade and upgrading the apartheid regime's weaponry systems, but also to training and advising that regime's forces and proxy forces in the regional conflict to the detriment of the front-line and neighbouring States, as well as Namibia's freedom fighters.

17. Although Israel's limited measures against South Africa constitute a step in the right direction, its continuing military relations with South Africa are of particular concern to the Special Committee. In view of its military agreements with South Africa and the veil of secrecy surrounding the nature and length of those agreements, Israel's affirmation that it "will refrain from new undertakings between Israel and South Africa in the realm of defence" does not adequately contribute to the international community's efforts towards, the isolation of South Africa and the elimination of apartheid as soon as possible. '-

-50- 18. The Speoi.l Committee reoommend. that the Gen.ral A•••mbly author i •• it to oontinue to k••p the relation. betw••n South Afrio. and I.r••l und.r oon.t.nt revi.w .nd to submit a report ~. appropriate.

19. Th. Sp.cial Committ.e r.o~mm.nd. to the a.n.r.l A•••mbly that it oond.mn the continuing coU.boration b.tween South Atrica and Iara.l and th.t it call upon 18rael to c•••• forthwith it. coll.bor.tion.

Notes

.1 Offioial R.cords of the O.n.ral Aa••mbly, Porty-••oond S•••ion, SUPPlem.nt No. 22 (A/42/22). gl Israeli For.ign Affairs (California), Jun. 1987, and South Afrioan Dig.lt, 25 Sept.mb.r ~987.

£1 South8can, 11 Nov.mb.r 1988) and l.raeli For.ign Affair., Deo.mber 1987. gl The Citiz.n, 13 F.bruary 1988 ••nd The Star, 3 D.o.mber 1987.

~I Janels Defence W••kly, 5 Dec.mber 1981, Th. Star, 25 Nov.mber and 3 December 1987. and Isra.1i For.ign Affaira, Dec.mber 1981. 1/ Sunday Tlibune, 24 July 1988) and Ilra.li For.ign Affair., March 1988.

i l Ilra.li Foreign Affairs, S9ptember 1988. hI South8can, 16 M.rch 1988, and FactI and a.portl, 19 March 1988.

11 The Guardial" 7 June 1988, and I~r ••li Foreign Affairs, July 1988. il Jan.la Defence Weekly, 9 January 1988.

~I The ~,ehington Timel, 19 May 1968. 11 Austrian Press Agency, 24 January 1988 • .!!!/ The Star" 29 September 1987. nl JaM.ls Defence Weekly, 2 May 1988.

21 Israeli For~ign Affairs, July 1988.

~I The Star (weekly), 30 September 1987.

-51- ANNIX 11

~'ition of the .ubsidiary badie. of the Speoial Committee aga nat APartheid and of the Interiovernmental Group to Monitor the Supply Mnd shipping of Oil and Petroleum Produot. to South Afrioa

\. Sub,ldiary bed!e. of the Speoial Committee

(a) Sub-Committee on the Implementation of United Nations Relolu~ionl and Collaboration with South Africa'

Ghana (Chairman), Hungary, India, Indone,ia~ Peru and Sudan (b) Sub-Committee on Petitions and Information,

Algeria (Chairman), German Democratic Republic, Nepal, Somalia and Trinidad and Tobago

~c) Talk Force on Women and Children under Apartheid, India, Philippine" Sudan (Chairman) and Trinidad and Tobago (d) Task Force on Political Pri,oners, German Democratic Republic, Guinea, India, Malaysia, Peru (Chairman), Somalia and Syrian Arab Republic (e) Talk Force on the Legal Aspect. of Apartheid, Hungary, Nlger ia (Chairman), Peru ,'nd Syr ian Arab Republic

2. Intergovernmental Group to Monitor the Supply and Shipping of Oil and Petroleum Products to South Africa

Algeria, Cuba, German D~mocratlc Republic, Indonesia, Kuwait (Vice-Chairman), New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway (Chairman), Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and United Republic of Tanzania

-52- ANNBX III

Seleoted exoerpts from statements issued by the Special Committee

The Special Committee i.sued a number of .tatements auring the period under review. Below is a list of thes6 statements and selected exoerpts from most of them.

GA/AP/1816 Statement Cl the Chairman on the ob.ervance of the tenth (11 September 1987) anniversary of the ~eath in detention of black consciousness movement leader, Steven Biko

" ••• On the tenth annivers~ry of the tragic death of Steven Biko, the Speoial Committee against Apartheid notes that the oircumstance. that led to his death are still present and have even wor.ened in South Africa ••• The Special Committee against Apartheid oalls upon the international community 1n memory of Steven Biko to intensify its efforts to stop exeoutions and obtain the unconditional relea,e of all political pri.onerl and detainees, al a first step to pave the way for a negotiat~d and peaceful solution and the establishment of a united, non-racial and dwmocratic society in South Africa." GA/AP/1820 Statement by the Chairman on the observance of the Day of (5 Octobar 1987) Solidarity with South African Political Prisoners (11 October)

" ••• Today, in South Afrioa, the oppressed people have been suffering an unprecedented scale of repression by the apartheid r49ime under the state of emergency. Arrests, det&ntions, bannings, torture and deaths in detention are rampant day in and day out. It is estimated that more than 30,000 people, including women and children, have been detained sinc6 June 1986, while 30 young patriots are facing execution on death row for no other 'crime' thal! their opposition to apartheid. GA/AP/1825 Statement by the Chairman on the recent arrests and detentions (22 October 1987) in South Africa

"In view of the draconian restrictions impos~d on information regarding detentions, the tate of a detained or missing person is not always readily known ••• The recent detentions only add to the long list of individuals whoae voices the r'gime has attempted to silence through imprisonment without trial ••• " GA/AP/1827 Statement by the Acting Chairman appealing for action by '(4 Novembftr 1987) the international community to stay the execution of South African freedom fighter Mlungisi Luphondo "The Special Committee againlt Apartheid appeals to the international community to take immediate action to stop the

-53- exec:ution at Mr. Luphondo and to exert maximum pr98sure on the !partheid awthorities to stay his execution and the execution Of all other freedom tighters now on death row."

GA/AP/1828 Statement by the Acting Chairman on the release ot Atrir.an (6 November 1987) National Congress offioial Govan Mbeki liThe Special Committee against Apartheid welcomes the release of Govan Mbeki, speaker ot the African National Congress, who was incarcerated in the dungeons ot apartheid with Nelson Mandela since 1964 ••• the Special Committee believes that the relea.e of Mr. Mbeki, and some other political prisoners, can ac~~ire a meaning only it it is .een as a first step towards the eradication ot apartheid. In this regard, it should be follow,d by the release of all other political prisoners and detainee., the lifting of the .tate of emergency and the unbanning of the national liberation movements and all other political organizations and the return ot all political exil.s ••• "

GA/AP/1829 Statement by t~e Ch~irman calling upon the international (19 November 1987) community to counter South Atrtca's escalation of aggression against Angola "The expansion of the deployment of the armed force& of the a!artheid r'gime inside Angola is yet another proof of the r gime's contemptuous disregard ot world pUblic opinion and its dete,mination to escalate its aggression against Angola and its support to the renegade UNITA forces ••• "

GA/AP/1830 Message from the Chairman to the European Community summit (4 December 1987) meeting at Copenhagen from 4 to 7 December

" ••• The Copenhagen Summit has a unique opportu~ity to adopt further collective sanctions measures against the South African regime ••• We urge that the Summit also give seriou9 attention to the need to effectively implement measures which have already been adopted, including the mandat~y arms embargo. I urge, in particUlar, that national regulations be tightoned to prevent loopholes which enable the Pretoria regime to acquire vital equipment for its military and po1ir.e force ••• " GA/AP/1831 Statement by the Cha irman on the failure of the "Sharpeville (7 December 1987) Six" death sentence appeal

"The Special Committee against Apartheid expresses its grave concern on the failure of the appeal of the 'Sharpeville SiX', who were sentenced to death on 12 December 1985 for allegedly killing the so-called deputy mayor of the African township of Sharpev!lle during the start of the unrest caused by the imposition of the so-called constitution by the apartheid regime. The Special Committee appeals to the internatio~al community to most vehemently denounce the death sente~ce~ and

-54- take all poslible mealure. to prevent the execution of the .ix South African patriotl ••• "

GA/AP/l8311 Stetement by the Chairman denouno~n9 warningl by Pr.toria (8 January 1988) againet five anti-apartheid journa1. and condemning attempt. to ourtail and cen.or the alternative South African pre.1 " ••• the South African authorities have threatened to cloae down the Sowetan, the New Nation, the Weekly Mail, South and Work in Prog,e.l. The~threat. ~'e a~urther .tep in lilenoing the opponenta to apartheJ.d. and in preventing world pUblic opinion from learning the truth about the r'gi.me' I domestic terror." GA/AP/18)6 Statement by the Chairman on t.he death of Sean MacBride (18 January 1988) "The Special Committee a~ainst Apartheid ha. learned with profound aadne•• of t.he death of Sean MacBride, the Nobel and Lenin Pri.e winner, on 15 January in Dublin ••• Throughout hil 70-year career, whether as Foreign Minister of Ireland, aa Founder and Chairman of Amnesty International, United Nations Commissioner for Namibia, Secretary-General of the International Commission of Jurists and as Prftsident of the Geneva-based International Bureau for Peace, he displayed an indomitable spirit and selfless dedication that left their imprint not only on his own country. Ireland, but also ~n the international scene where his unwavering commitment for nuclear disarmament, decolonization and human rights forced respect far and wide."

GA/AP/1837 Statement by the Chairman on Japan's reported trade increase (5 February 1988) with South Africa

"The Special Committee again.t Apartheid i. conc~rned over the recent press reports about Japan's increased trade with South Africa, which is estimated for 1987 at more than *4 billion, a 14 per cent rise over 1986. Japan has become the _rarlheid regime's number one trading partner ••• The Speci·'l ~ommittee therefore reiteratea its appeal to the Government 1)1 Japan to urgently take additional meaaures to end trade b6tween Japan and South Africa ••• " GA/AP/1838 Statement by the Chairman calling for the denunciation of a (25 February 1988) "new wave of repression" by South Africa and imposition of sanctions against the regime

"The r'glme's latest moves are superimposed on the state of emergency that wae declared two years ago and that ha. turned the country into a police State. They represent a further intensification of the ,6gime's undeclared war. Igainst peaceful change in South Africa in so far aa the ~rganil.tion. whoa. activities are now banned are those which have reoently been at the forefront of peaceful opposition to apartheid ••••

-55- GA/AP/1840 Statement by the Chairman appealing for the widest (4 March 1988) observance of the International Day for the Elimination of Racial Disc mination (21 March)

" ••• On that day (21 March 1960), several thousand demonstrators peacefully marching against South Africa's were mercilessly fired on by the racist police and 69 persons, including women and children, were killed while 180 were wounded. The observance of the International Day this year takes on particular significance since the situation in South Africa hag been acutely aggravated by the racist r'gime's latest wave of repression against opponents of 4partheid ••• " GA/AP/1841 Statement by the Chairman on the participation of South (7 March 1988) Africa in an armn exhibition in Chile "On behalf of the Special Committee and on my own behalf, I must express my serious concern at the news that tha racist r'gime of South Africa will participate at the forthcoming FlDA 88 arms exhibition in santiago, Chile. We were also ast~nished to learn that two South African naval vessels, Drakensberg and the missile-attack craft, Frans Erasmus, have been invited to pay an official call to Chilean ports. This action is contrary to the spirit of Security Council resol~tion 418 (1977) on the arms embargo against South Africa and in violation of Security Council resolution 558 (1984) which requested 'all States to refrain from importing arms, ammunition of all types and military vehicles produced in South Afric~' ••• I urge the Government of Chile to cancel the invitation extended to the racist r'gime of South Afr ica, .s well ~s the call of two 80uth African naval vessels to Chilean ports ••• " GA/AP/1848 Statement by the Chairman urging international action to (15 March 1988) prevent the execution of the "Sharpeville Six" by South Africa on 18 March

"The Special Committee against Apartheid has just learned that the regime of South Afri~a issued onl~rs for the execlltion [on 18 March] of the Sharp6ville Six, that is, Messrs. Dlniso, Khumalo, Mokgesi, Mok30na, Sefatea, and Miss Thereea Ramashamola ••• the court proceedings of the ShRrpevil1e Six show that none of the six young South Africans convicted of murder were found by the court to have caused the actual death of the Councillor. They were convicted of murder and sentenced to death ooly because the court found they had "common purpose" with the actual (Jerpetrators. This Bo-called judgement proceeds unquestionebly from the barbaric concept of collective responsibiUty rejected by n&tional and international legal standards ••• "

-56-· GA/AP/1849 Ctatement by the Chairman announcing the entry into force of (18 March 1988) the Convention against Apartheid in Sports on 3 April "1 am pleased to announce that the International Convention against Apartheid in Sports had been ratified, accepted, approved or acceded to by 27 Member States as of 4 March. In accordance with ita article 18, the Convention 'shall enter into force on the thirtieth day ~fter the date of deposit with the Depository of the twenty-seventh instrument of ratification, accaptance, approval or accession'. Therefore, the Convention will enter into force on 3 April ••• The Convention also has been signed by more than 40 other States which have not yet deposited their instruments of ratification, approval or acceptance. I wish to urge thesc States to expedite their processes in oeder that they become parties to the Convention ••• "

GA/AP/185J Message of the Chairman sent to the anti-Qpartheid (23 March 1988) newspaper New Nation expressing concern on its banning by South Africa on 22 March .

" ••. draconian measure taken against New Nation 4S further attempt by Pretoria to silence voice of ~lack majority to keep from public scrutiny any and all reports about its inhuman policies. Tl"le Special Committee is confiderlt that message of resistance and hope for non-[acial, unitary and democratic South Africa epread by New Nation will not disappear altogether. That message is root.Jd deeply in che commitment to articulate and disseminate the demands of the black majority for a new society in South Africa ••• New Nation may be silent today but its voice shall continue to be he,1rd in the townships and ractories through South Africa where it comes f.rom ••• "

GA/AP/1854 Statement by the Acting Chairman condemning executions (25 Marc ... 1988) in South Africa

"The Special Committee against Apartheid has just learned with utmost abhorrence that the racist r'gime in South Africa carried out the executions of Mi~hael Lucas and some other persons whose names were not releaaed. The regime also issued o:ders for the execution next Tuesday, 29 March, cf Similio Lennox Wonci, Mziwoxolo Christopher Makeleni, Ndumiso Silo Siphenuka and Mackezwana Menze, all of them members of the Addo Youth Congress, who were sentenced to death by the racist judiciary in January 1987 ••• "

GA/AP/1855/Rev.1 Statement by the Chairman on the assassination in Paris (29 March 1988) of Afri~an National Congress representative Dulcie September

liThe Special Committee against Apartheid was shocked to learn of the assassination of Duloie September, the head of the Afrioan National Congress of South Africa (ANC) mission in Paris ••• Two days before (27 March), a bomb was found in

-57- front of the ANC office in Brussels ••• The Speoi.l Committee condemns the.e crimin.l .nd terrorilt .Ctl c.rried out by the r4gime'. torces, this time on the soil of Western countrie•• It w.rns that the ••••••ination of M•• September i. not an isol.ted incident, r.ther, it ia an esc.l.tion ot Pretoria's undecl.red w.r against the people ot South Afrioa, which the regime is now taking into European capital.. The Special Committee c.lls on Western Governments to take immedi.te .ction to ensure the safety and protection of ANC representatives operating in their countries .nd to forestall repetition ot such d.st.rdly .cts. It calls on them to restriot diplom.tic relation. with this terrorist r'gime, linoe it is in the .hadow of diplom.tic immunity that Pretoria conc... i. ve. and carr ies out its murderous acts. The Spec ial Committee once more calls on Western Governments to close all air routes between their cou~trie. and South Africa ••• " GA/AP/18S6 Statement by the Chairman on the attempted assaslination of (8 April 1988) African National Congre~s activist Albie a.chs "The Special Committee against Apartheid learned with Ihock and deep sorrow that agents of Pretoria attempted to ass.. ssinate Mr. Albie Sac.la, " lawyer and writer who Qurrently works for the Ministry ot Justice of Mozambiqu~. Mr. Sachs, an activist of the African National Congre.s of South Africa (ANC), was seriously injured when his car blew up ~y an implanted bomb in central Maputo ••• The Special Committee against Apartheid strongly ~ondemns this renewed aot of state-sponsored terror against the national liberation movements ••• " GA/AP/18S9 Statement by the Chairman announcing Special Committee's (4 May 1988) twenty-fifth anniversary meeting on 6 May, with Archbishop Desmond Tutu attending

GA/AP/1864 Statement by the Chairman condemning employers' threats (3 June 1988) against peaceful protest by South African trade unionists " ••• a number of employers in South Africa, inclUding the Anglo American Corporation (the largest conglomerate in the country), have threatened to undertake disciplinary and/or other actions that the 'companies may deem necessary' against the OongresD of South African Trade Unions (OOSATU), its affiliates and members if they participate in any form of peaceful protest from 6 to 8 June ••• It may be recalled that at its recent emergency Congress, COSATU resolved to 'put aside three days at the beginning of June fr.om 6 to S' during which workers would protest in one form or anothQr ag.inlt the restrictions imposed on COSATU, the bans of 17 anti-apartheid organizations and 18 individuals and the Labour Amendment 8ill whose provisions could, in effect, par.lyse the black tr.de union movement. The Speci.l Committee consider. the.e threat. as direct violation of internationally accepted stand.tds of industrial l~bour relations ••• "

-58- GA/AP/1865 Statement by the Chairman calling for the wide observance (8 June 1988) of the International nay of Solidarity Witil the Struggling South AfLican People (16 June)

11 ••• The observance of Soweto Day this year • ill "'''l.rk the twelfth anniversary of the worst massacre ever witnessed ~n South Afr:ca, on 16 June 1976, when peaceful demonstrations of Aft ican stl..dents against the forcible imposition of Afrikaans and the so-called Bantu education and their heroic defiance of massive police violence resulted in [the) killin~ and maiming of thousands of schoolchildren ••• The observance of the International Day this year takes on particular significance because the situation in South Africa has been further aggrAvated by the racist regime's latest wave of repression against oppo~ents of ~artheid unde~ [the] extended state of emergency "

GAiAP/1866 Statement by the ~cting ~hairman condemning the renewal of the (10 June 1988) state of emergency in South Africa and urgin~ the international community to demand sanctions against the racist regime

"Two years agc, the racist Pretoria reglme declared a ~I:ate of emergency in South Africa, giving virtually unlimited power to its military and security forces to quell any opposition against apartheid. Yesterday, it once again reinstated the existing emergency rules for another 12 months ••• "

GA/AP/1871 Statement by tl:e Acting Chairman announci.ng the Special (22 June 1988) Committee meeting on 30 June to honour World Boxing Council President Jose Sulaiman for his ~fforts against apartheid

GA/AP/1873 Statement by the Chairman welcoming the decision by the Federal (30 June 1988) Republic of Germany to ban six South African scientists from an internaticnal conference

"The Special Committee against Apartheid has learned that six South African scientists have been banned from tte International Conference on Combustion and Detonatio~ Phenomena, to take place later this month in the Federal Republic of Germany, af~er an intervention by the Go~ernment. The Conference, organized by the ~raunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology in Karlsruhe, is regarded as the most important of its kind in the international scientific circuit ••• The Special Committee is encouraged by the initiative taken by the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany ••• The Special Committee hopes that this initiative by the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany will encourage other Governments to undertake similar steps in cases of any conferences or other gatherings to which South Afric~ns are invited."

-59- GA/AP/1874 Statement by the Chairman on the hosp:i.\:alization in a (11 July 1988) psychiatric ward of jour:nalist Zwela\~.he Sisulu

"The Speci~l Committee against Apartheid is gravely concerned that journtilist Zwelakhe Sisulu has been hospitalized in the psychia~ric ward of Johannesburg Hospital, due to severe depression. Mr. Sisulu, the editor of the anti-apartheid newspaper the New Nation, has been in detention without trial since December~986. He is among the more than 2,000 political detainees who remain in prison, despite repeated international appeals for their release. His father, Walter Sisulu, has been in prison, along with Nelson Mandela, since 1964 ••• 11

GA/AP/1875 Statement by the Chairman On the recent detention by South (12 JUly 1988) Africa of anti-apartheid activists

liThe Special Committee against Apartheid strongly condemns the detention by South African authorities of more than eight activists in Ca,'e Town on 8 July. They are being held under the state of emergency which permits indefinite detention without trial. Among the detainees are Zollie Malindi, regional president of the united Democratic FrontJ photographer Omar Badsha; lawyer Bulelani NgcukaJ and journalist Jonathan Shapiro. Their detention is allegedly connected to their participation in the organization of a concert to celebrate the seventieth birthday on 17 July of imprisoned African National Congress of South Africa (ANC) leader Nelson Mandela ••• Of increasing concern to the Special Committee are the approximately 500 detainees who have been held for at least six months and the 1,000 who have been held for a year or more. South Africa's prison population is today among the highest in the world ••• "

GA/AP/1876 Statement oy the Chairman calling for widest observance of the (13 JUly 1988) seventieth birthday of Nelson Mandela on 18 July

" ••• Nelson Mande1a's stature as a symbol of resistance and as leader of the South Afr~~an people is well known and continues to grow. Despite 26 years in apartheid prisons, he remains unbroken in his determination to eradicate the inhuman system of racial segregation in South Africa and to establish a free, united, democratic and non-racial society in South Africa in which all may participate unconditionally... I call upon the international community once again to do all in its power to achieve the immediate and unconditional release of Nelson Mandela and all other South African and Namibian political prisoners which is long overdue."

GA/AP/1879 Statement by the Chair.man on the observance of the (26 July 1988) International. Day of Solidarity with the Struggle of Women in South Africa and Namibia (9 August)

-60- " The International Day 1988 will mark the thirty-second anniversary of the historic demonstra~ion by South African women in 1956 in protest against the racist regime's pass-laws ••• Despite claims by the South African authorities that the 'pass-laws' were abolished in 1986, black people are still required to have 'approved accomodation and jobs' to live in the cities of South Africa. In addition, forc~d removals have continued and are now carried out with the overt support of vigilante groups equipped and backed by the racist regime. Those who are suffering most under such circumstances are women and children ••• "

GA/AP/1884 Message of the Acting Chairman sent to the "End Conscription (24 August 1988) Campaign~ condemning its banning by South Africa on 22 August

It ••• The Special Committee considers that the work of the Campaign has been significant in raising the consciousness of white youth and others to the injustices of apartheid and the role the South African Defence Force plays in the furtherance of the regime's aggressive policies inside South Africa and in the region. Despite its banning, the Campaign shall continue to be the' voice of hope and a bridge in efforts to promote a just and peaceful soluticm to the conflict in South Africa ••• n

-61- ANN~X IV

CO(l:erence. and 'eminar. or9~nized or assi.te6 by the Speoial Committee

A. artheid for a

1. The COnferenoe on People. ot the World against APartheid for a Democratic South Africa was convened by ANC at Arusha, United Republic of Tanzani~, as part of the ob.ervance of the seventy-fifth anniversary of ANC. 2. The Chairman of the Conference was Mr. Salim Ahmed Salim, Deputy Prime Mini.ter and Minister for Defence and National Service of the United Republic of Tan.ania. It wa. attended by over 500 ~elegates repre.enting Governments, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, national liberation movements and the South African mass democratic movement. Inclu~ed was a delegation from the Special Committee, headed by one of its Vice-Chairmen, Mr. Jai pratap Rana.

3. The Conterence wa. opened by Mr. , Chairman of the ruling party of the United Republic of Tanzania, whose address was adopted as a working document of the Conference, by Mr. , the President of ANC, and Mr. Sam Nujoma, the President ot SWAPO. Heads of delegations presented their statements at the plenary sessions. 4. At the end ot its deliberations, the Conference adopted a Declaration of Arusha on South Africa and a Programme for Heightened International Action against Apartheid for a Democratic South Africa. In the Declaration, the participants urged all Governments, international organizations and solidarity movements to act in support of the struggle for a non-racial, united and democratic South Atrica, and reaffirmed their own commitment to continue the effort to bring apartheid to an end, independence to Namibia, and peace to southern Africa. In the Programme of Action, they set forth a plan for the international community to implement, monitor and enforce comprehensive mandatory sanctions against South Africa and generally to increase support for the struggle against apartheid.

B. Seminar on the Role of the Latin American and Caribbean Media in the International Campaign against Apartheid (7-9 March 1988) 1. The Seminar on the Role of the Latin American ane Caribbean Media in the International Campaign agains:. Apartheid, organized by the Special Committee in co-operation with the Government of Peru, was held at Lima. Presided over by Mr. Gonzalo Durant Aspillaga, Acting Minister for Foreign Affairs and Minister of Justice of Peru, the Seminar was attended by journalists, editors and other write[s frorn 17 Latin American and Caribbean countries, several journalists from south Africa, media and other experts, and representatives of the national liberation movements of South Africa and Namibia, and of the Government of Peru. The delegation of the Special Committee was led by its Chairman, Major-General JOBeph N. Garba, who opened the Seminar and delivered a final address. The Minister for Foreign Affairs of Peru, His Excellency Allan Wagner, also addressed the concluding seslion of the Seminar.

-62- 2. The Seminar adopted the outline of it. report on its proceedings t an Appeal, and two resolution.. In the App.al, the Seminar participants called upon the new. media, non-governmental organi.ations, labour unions, and writers in the Latin American and Carib~an r.gion to take a number of measures to help to inerea,e public awar.n••' of the true ,ituation in South Africa and Namibia, as well as support for .ff.ctiv. international aotion, inoluding the adoption of comprehen,ive mandatory sanotion., to bring aparth.id to an end and ind.pendence to Namibia. In the two r.,olution., partioipants .xpr••••d their appreciation to Peru for its contributions to the .tru~gl. again.t apartheid, and pledged their support to South African journaliatr..

C. Conf.r.no. of the A••ociation of W••t European Parliamentarians for Action aiQin.t Aparth.id on Southern Africa'. Future ­ Europ.'. Rol. (23-30 March 1988) 1. Thl Conflrence on Southern Africa's Future - Europe's Role, organized by AWEPAA, was held at Lusaka. 2. The fir.t part of the Confer.noe was held at Lusaka from 23 to 27 March. It was hosted and op.ned by Pre.id.nt K.nn.th Kaunda and concentrated on South Africa and Namibia [proper). Among tho.e who participat.d were delegatiollD from these two countries, inoluding representative, of the national liberation movements. The Special Committ.e wa. repr.sent.d by Mr. Satirios Mousouris, head of the Centre against Apartheid. 3. The parliamentarians pr••ent promised to use their influence in their respective countries and .lectoral oon.tituencies for the adoption of measures with a view to .liminating apartheid and implementing the relevant Security Council resolution on the ind.pendence of Namibia. ~/

D. Symposium on Culture again.t Apartheid (2-4 September 1988) 1. The Symposium on Culture against Apartheid, organized by the Special Committee against Apartheid in co-operation with the Ministry of Culture of Greece and the Hellenic Association for the United Nations, was held at Athens. Presided over by Mrs. MGlina Mercouri, Minister of Culture of Greece, the Symposium was attended by 36 prominent artists, perfor~lrs, film and theatre directors and writers from all over the world and by the national liberation movements of South Africa. Mr. Harry Belafonte, Ms. Gl.nda Jackson and Mr. Wole Soyinka were elected as Vioe-Presidents and Mr. Rick Dutka as Rapporteur of the Symposium. A number of non-governmental organization. attended the Symposium as observers. The delegation of the Special Committee wa. led by its Chairman, who opened the Symposium and delivered a final address. ~/ 2. The Symposium adopt.d an outline of its report on its proceedings, the Athens Appeal and a number of r.commendation.. The participants considered the situation in South Africa and the int.rnational re.ponse, reviewed the role of artists and entertainers in the struggle again.t apartheid, and discussed the cultur~l boycott of South Africa and ita implioation.. Having endorsed the achip.voments of the cultural boycott again.t the apartheid oulture of South Africa and the policy ~uidelin•• for the boycott that wa. r.o.ntly adopted by the Special Committee, they

-63- adopt.d the Athen. App.al calling for an intensification of the boycott and adopted a number of r.commendation•• 3. Mor. sp.oifioally, among oth.r things, the Appeal called upon all writers, arti.t., mu.ioian., oompo.ers, entertainers, actors, producers, distributors And oth.r oultural worker. in the international community to retube to perform or have their works performed in South Africa. It urged the strengthening of the monitoring of the boycott and expressed full support for the efforta of the United Nations to promote the iaolation of South Africa. £/

4. In a mea.ag. addre~8ed to certain United States senators, the participants .xpr••••d their .upport for the recent legislative initiatives to strengthen United States .anction. against South ~frica. They also issued a message addressed to the pUblio, oalling for the unconditional release of Nelson Mandela, Zephania Mothopeng and all other political prisoners. They called the atten~ion of the international oommunity to the plight of the thousands of South Africans in detention, on trial or in prison. They further called for the total rejection of the apartheid (Io-oalled) "local eleotions" on 26 October 1988.

Notes

AI See A/AC.13l/291.

~I For the report of the Symposium, see A/AC.ll5/L.656.

£1 For the full text of the Appeal, see A/4J/606-S/20l84.

-64- ANNEX V

Observance of the International DaYI of Solidarity by the Speolal CommIttee

A. Day of Solidarity with South African Politloal Priloner. (11 Ootober)

1. On 12 October 1987, the Special Committee held a meeting to publioi.e the plight of political prisoners in South Africa (all those impriloned, interned or restricted for opposing apartheid) and to reaffirm the demand of the international community for their release. Statementl were made at the meeting by the Seoretary-General, the President of the forty-seoond session of the aeneral Assembly, the President of the Security Council, and the Aoting Chairman of the Special Committee. The guest speakers were the Reverend Tlhenuwani Simon Fatisani, a former prisoner in South Afrioa, Mrs. Dawn Ingle of Free the Children Alliance of South Africa, MB. Isobelle Jaques of Amnesty Int~lnational, and Ms. aay McDougall of the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law.

B. International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (21 MarcJ:!.)

2. The Special Committee held a meeting on 21 Maroh 1988 to observe the twenty-eighth anniversary of the massacre in Sharpeville, South Africa, in which police fired on several thousand demonstrators staging a peaceful prote.t against the "pass-laws", killing 69 and wounding many more. The meeting was addressed by the Secretary-General, the President of the General Assembly, the President of the Security Council, and the Acting Chairman of the Speoial Committee. Mrs. Corett3 Scott King, widow of the United States civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr., was a special guest, she made a statement. The South African cast of the musical play, "Sarafina", closed the meeting with two songs.

C. International Day of Solidarity with the Struggling People of South Africa (16 June,)

3. The Special Committee held a meeting on 16 June 1988 to commemorate the massacre in Soweto, South Africa, when on that day in 1976 hundreds of unarmed students demonstrating against the imposition of Afrikaans and the Bantu system of education were fired on by the police, with hundreds killed in the ensuing violence. The meeting was addressed by the Secretary-General, the President of the General Assembly, the President of the Security Council, and the Aoting Chairman of the Special Committee. The guest speakers were Ms. Semaar Karima of the We.tern Cape Youth Congress, an affiliate of the South African Youth Oongres8f and Mr. Justice Lebea, a member of the Congress of South African Trade Unions.

-65- --~------~-----'--'--"."'."."""""" .

D. International Day of Soliaarity with the Struggla of Women in South Africa and Namibi. (9 Augult) 4. The Special Committee held a meeting on 9 AUguat 1988 to commemorate the demonstration by South Afrioan women on that day in 1956 in Pretoria to protest the extension of the "paaa-lawl" to women. Statementa were made at the meeting by the Acting Chairman of the Speoial Committee, the Aasiatant Seccetary-General and head ot the Centre against Apartheid on behalf of the Secretary-General, and others.

-66- ANNEX VI

Llst of documents of the Special Committee

A/AC .ll5/L.647 Messages received on the occasion of the International Day of Solidarity with the Struggle of Women in South Africa and Namibia

A/AC .ll5/L.648 Messages recei 1 on the occasion of the Day of Solidarity with South Afrioan Political i'risonera

A/AC .ll5/L. 649 Re~?rt of the International Student Conference in Solidarity with the Struggle of the Students of Southern Africa, held in London from 31 July to 3 August 1987 A/AC.US/Lo 650 The Plight of Children in South Africa

A/AC .ll5/L. 651 Report of the Seminar on the Role of the Latin American and Caribbean Media in the International Campaign against Apartheid, held at Lima, Peru, from 7 to 9 March 1988 A/AC.llS/L.652 Messages received on the occasion of the International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination A/AC.llS/L.653 MeClsages received on the cocasion of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Special Committee against Apartheid (6 May 1988)

A/AC .llS/Lo 654 Messages received on the ocoasion of the International Day of Solidarity with the Struggling People of South Africa ­ Soweto Day (16 June 1988)

A/AC.U5/Lo 655 Messages received on the occasion of the seventieth birthday of Nelson Mandela (18 July 1988)

A/AC.U5/L.656 Report of the Symposium on Culture a9ainat Apa(theid held at the Eugenidion Pbundation, Athens, from 2 to 4 September 19880

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