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143 M.A. Part-I HISTORY PAPER II (OPTION-A) INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT (1858-1947) © UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI Dr. Suhas Pednekar Vice Chancellor University of Mumbai Mumbai Dr. Kavita Laghate Anil R. Bankar Professor Cum Director Associate Prof. of History & Asst. Director & Institute of Distance & Open Learning, Incharge Study Material Section, University of Mumbai, Mumbai University of Mumbai, Mumbai Programme Co-ordinator : Anil R. Bankar Associate Professor of History & Asst. Director, IDOL, University of Mumbai Course Writer : Dr. Eugene J. D’Souza, M.A., Ph.D., Former Principal, Asmita College of Arts and Commerce for Women, Vikhroli (East), Mumbai - 400083. Presently : Honorary Professor and Research Guide, St. Xavier’s College, Mumbai - 400001. Edited by : Dr. Pradeep Waghmare Asst. Professor, Department of History Ramnarayan Ruia Autonomous College, Matunga, Mumbai Reprint September 2019, M.A. Part-I, History Paper II (Option-A) Indian National Movement (1858-1947) Published by : Director Incharge Institute of Distance and Open Learning, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Mumbai - 400 098. v DTP Composed : 7skills Shop No.2, J. M. Nagar Complex Co. Hsg. Soc. Ltd., Pandit Dindayal Road, Anand Nagar, Dombivali (W), Thane - 421 202. Printed by : CONTENTS Unit No. Title Page No. 1) Historiography of the Indian National Movement 01 a) Nationalist School 2) Historiography of the Indian National Movement 18 b) Marxist School 3) Historiography of the Indian National Movement. 32 c) Cambridge School d) Subaltern School 4) Rise of Political Consciousness. 47 a) Impact of the Revolt of 1857 5) Rise of Political Consciousness. 61 b) Peasants Movement c) Tribal Movement d) Among Muslims 6) Social and Religious Reform Movements. 81 a) Growth of Western Education and its impact. 7) Social and Religious Reform Movements. 108 b) Influence of Socio-Religious Movement on the Rise of Indian Nationalism 8) Rise of Economic Nationalism. 127 a) British Economic Policies - their Impact 9) Rise of Economic Nationalism. 143 b) Drain Theory c) Emergence of Indian Capitalists 10) Growth of Nationalism. 161 a) Provincial Associations and Founding of Indian National Congress 11) Growth of Nationalism. 186 b) Programmes and Policies of Indian National Congress from 1885-1919 12) Growth of Nationalism. 209 c) Revolutionary Nationalists 13) Rise of Communalism. 226 a) All India Muslim league b) Hindu Mahasabha c) Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh 14) Gandhian Mass Movements. 255 a) Doctrine of Satyagraha and Non Co-operation Movement 15) Gandhian Mass Movements. 270 b) Civil Disobedience Movement c) Quit India Movement 16) Constitutional Developments 1917 -1947 293 17) Emergence of New Forces 309 a) The Depressed Classes, b) Women 18) Emergence of New Forces. 333 c) Trade Unionism d) Left Movements in India 19) Towards Independence. 355 a) Indian National Army and Naval Mutiny of 1946 20) Towards Independence 380 b) International Response to the Indian National Movement c) Towards Freedom and Partition vvvv Syllabus M.A. Part - I PAPER - II: (OPTION A) INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT (1858-1947) 1.) Historiography of the Indian National Movement. a) Nationalist School b) Marxist School c) Cambridge School d) Subaltern School 2.) Rise of Political Consciousness. a) Impact of the Revolt of 1857 b) Peasants Movement c) Tribal Movement d) Among Muslims 3.) Social and Religious Reform Movements. a) Growth of Western Education and its impact. b) Influence of Socio-Religious Movement on the Rise of Indian Nationalism 4.) Rise of Economic Nationalism. a) British Economic Policies - their Impact b) Drain Theory c) Emergence of Indian Capitalists 5.) Growth of Nationalism. a) Provincial Associations and Founding of Indian National Congress b) Programmes and Policies of Indian National Congress from 1885-1919 c) Revolutionary Nationalists 6.) Rise of Communalism. a) All India Muslim league b) Hindu Mahasabha c) Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh II 7.) Gandhian Mass Movements. a) Doctrine of Satyagraha and Non Co-operation Movement b) Civil Disobedience Movement c) Quit India Movement 8.) Constitutional Developments 1917 - 1947 9.) Emergence of New Forces. a) The Depressed Classes. b) Women. c) Trade Unionism d) Left Movements in India 10.) Towards Independence. a) Indian National Army and Naval Mutiny of 1946 b) International Response to the Indian National Movement c) Towards Freedom and Partition III Books for further Reading 01. M. M. Ahluwalia Freedom Struggle in India, 1858 to 1909, Delhi, Ranjit Printers and Publishers, 1968 02. Sekhar Bandyopadhyay From Plassey to Partition, Orient Longman, New Delhi, 2004, 03. Daniel Argove Moderates and Extremists in the Indian National Movement, 1883-1920, Bombay, Asia Publishing House, 1967. 04 Bipin Chandra & Others India’s Struggle for Independence, Penguin, 2016 05. Bipin Chandra The Rise and Growth of Economic Nationalism in India, New Delhi, People’s Publishing House, 1977 06 Bipan Chandra Freedom Struggle ,National Book Trust- Amales Tripathi, Barun De New Delhi, 1972 07. Bipin Chandra Nationalism and Colonialism in Modern India, New Delhi, Orient Longman Ltd., 1979. 08. Tara Chand History of the Freedom Movement in India, Vols. I-IV, New Delhi, Govt. of India Publications Division, 1971-72 09. Sankar Ghose The Renaissance to Militant Nationalism in India, Allied Publishers, 1969 10. K. K. Ghosh Indian National Army, Meerut, Meenakshi Prakashan, 1969 11. S. Gopal British Policy in India, 1858-1905, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1965 IV 12. B. L. Grover, Alka Mehta A New Look at Modern Indian History, S Chand Publishing, New Delhi, 2001 13. R. L. Handa History of Freedom Struggle in Princely States Delhi, Central News Agency, 1968. 14. R. C. Majumdar Three Phases of India’s Freedom Struggle, Bombay, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 1961. 15. R. C. Majumdar (Ed.) History and Culture of the Indian People, Vols. IX, X, and XI, Bombay, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 1963-69 16. S. R. Mehrotra The Emergence of the Indian National Congress, Delhi, Vikas Publications, 1979 17. S. R. Mehrotra Towards India’s Freedom and Partition, Vikas Publications, 1979 18. K. N. Panikkar (Ed.) National and Left Movement in India, New Delhi, Vikas Publishing House, Pvt. Ltd., 1980. 19. Sumit Sarkar Modern India, New Delhi, Macmillan Indian Ltd., 1983. 20. Stanley Wolpert Tilak and Gokhale: Revolution and Reform in the Making of Modern India, University of California, Press. V Suggested Readings 01) A. C. Banerjee Anglo-Sikh Relations 02) Alfred Lyall British Dominion in India 03) G. D. Bearce British Attitude towards India 04) Bisheshwar Prasad Bondage and Freedom, Vols I and II 05) R. C. Majumdar (ed) British Paramountcy and Indian Renaissance, Part I and II 06) H. H. Dodwell Cambridge History of India, Vols. V. & VI 07) Malleson History of Indian Mutiny 08) James Mill History of British India, Vol. II 09) P. E. Roberts History of British India 10) J. B. Cunningham History of the Sikhs 11) Maulana Azad India Wins Freedom 12) Rajendra Prasad India Divided 13) P. E. Roberts India under Wellesley 14) Calvin Life of General Dyer 15) G. N. Singh Landmarks in Indian Constitutional and National Development 16) Mahadeo Desai Maulana Azad 17) Lal Bahadur Muslim League 18) Sarkar and Datta Modern Indian History, Vol. II 19) Ramsay Muir Making of British India 20) Major B. D. Basu Rise of Christian Power in India, Vol. II 21) H. N. Sinha Rise of the Peshwas 22) N. K. Sinha Ranjit Singh VI 23) R. C. Majumdar(ed) Struggle for Freedom 24) Jadu Nath Sarkar Shivaji and His Times 25) Abdul Majid Khan The Communalism in India 26) V. A. Smith The Oxford History of India 27) Subhash Chandra The Indian Struggle Bose 28) C. H. Phillips The Partition of India 29) H. V. Hudson The Great Divide 30) Michael Edwards The Last Years of British India 31) V. P. Menon Transfer of Power 32) Coupland The Indian Problem 33) K. M. Panikkar The Evolution of British Policy towards Indian States 34) M. D. Nalawade Chhatrapati Shahu and His Reservation Policy 1 HISTORIOGARAPHY OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT: (A) Nationalist School: UNIT STRUCTURE 1.0 Objectives 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Contributory Factors 1.3 The content of Nationalist Historiography: 1.4 Some Eminent Nationalist Historians 1.5 Summary 1.6 Broad Questions. 1.7 Additional Readings. 1.0 OBJECTIVES After the completion of study of this unit the student will able to:- Understand the nationalist school of historiography of the Indian National Movement. Comprehend the contributory factors to the writing of historiography of the Indian National Movement. Explain the search for national identity. Grasp the imperialist attack on Indian culture and civilization. Know the content of the nationalist historiography. Summarize the writings of some eminent nationalist historians. 1.1 INTRODUCTION Historiography means the history of historical writing or the art of writing history. It is the history of history. Historiography tells us the story of successive stages in the evolution of historical writings. It includes the evolution of the ideas and techniques associated with the writing of history and changing attitudes towards the nature of history itself. Eventually it includes the study of the development of man’s senses for the past. 2 There are differences in the nature, quality and quantity of historical literature in different ages and different people. These differences represented the changes in social life, beliefs in society, the presence or absence of the sense of history. The pace of change is greater ever since the study of the past came increasingly under the influence of various ideas. Thus Historiography is trying to trace these changes through the centuries. Arthur Marwick says that history is the historian’s reconstruction of the past whereas the historiography is neither only theory nor only practice but it is the real history of historical thoughts. History writing began due to the early compositions of the ancient Greeks and the Chinese which faced several difficulties and uncertainty due to absence of chronology and method of criticism even then this crude beginning of history writing has made a tremendous progress.
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