Áfidos (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
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Improving Lettuce Insect Pest Management - NSW and QLD
Improving lettuce insect pest management - NSW and QLD Dr Sandra McDougall NSW Department of Primary Industries Project Number: VG01028 VG01028 This report is published by Horticulture Australia Ltd to pass on information concerning horticultural research and development undertaken for the vegetable industry. The research contained in this report was funded by Horticulture Australia Ltd with the financial support of the vegetable industry, Syngenta, Convenience Foods Pty Ltd, South Pacific Seeds, Organic Crop Protectants Pty Ltd and the NSW Department of Primary Industries. All expressions of opinion are not to be regarded as expressing the opinion of Horticulture Australia Ltd or any authority of the Australian Government. The Company and the Australian Government accept no responsibility for any of the opinions or the accuracy of the information contained in this report and readers should rely upon their own enquiries in making decisions concerning their own interests. ISBN 0 7341 1227 0 Published and distributed by: Horticulture Australia Ltd Level 1 50 Carrington Street Sydney NSW 2000 Telephone: (02) 8295 2300 Fax: (02) 8295 2399 E-Mail: [email protected] © Copyright 2006 FINAL REPORT VG01028 Improving lettuce pest management – NSW and SE Queensland 30 November 2005 Sandra McDougall et al. NSW Department of Primary Industries ISBN 0 7347 1691 5 Project No: VG 01028 Principal Investigator: Dr Sandra McDougall Contact Details: National Vegetable Industry Centre NSW DPI PMB, Yanco NSW 2703 (02) 6951 2728 (02) 6951 2692 fax 042 740 1466 mob [email protected] Project Team: NSW DPI: Sandra McDougall, Andrew Creek, and Tony Napier, QDPI: John Duff Report Completed: October 2005 Statement of purpose: This report is a summary of the research and extension work conducted by the project team on lettuce pest management. -
15 Foottit:15 Foottit
REDIA, XCII, 2009: 87-91 ROBERT G. FOOTTIT (*) - H. ERIC L. MAW (*) - KEITH S. PIKE (**) DNA BARCODES TO EXPLORE DIVERSITY IN APHIDS (HEMIPTERA APHIDIDAE AND ADELGIDAE) (*) Canadian National Collection of Insects, National Environmental Health Program, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, K.W. Neatby Building, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada;[email protected] (**) Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, 24106 N. Bunn Road, Prosser, WA 99350, U.S.A Foottit R.G., Maw H.E.L., Pike K.S. – DNA barcodes to explore diversity in aphids (Hemiptera Aphididae and Adelgidae). A tendency towards loss of taxonomically useful characters, and morphological plasticity due to host and environmental factors, complicates the identification of aphid species and the analysis of relationships. The presence of different morphological forms of a single species on different hosts and at different times of the year makes it difficult to consistently associate routinely collected field samples with particular species definitions. DNA barcoding has been proposed as a standardized approach to the characterization of life forms. We have tested the effectiveness of the standard 658-bp barcode fragment from the 5’ end of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene (COI) to differentiate among species of aphids and adelgids. Results are presented for a preliminary study on the application of DNA barcoding in which approximately 3600 specimens representing 568 species and 169 genera of the major subfamilies of aphids and the adelgids have been sequenced. Examples are provided where DNA barcoding has been used as a tool in recognizing the existence of cryptic new taxa, linking life stages on different hosts of adelgids, and as an aid in the delineation of species boundaries. -
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM of SUBSALTUSAPHIS ORNATA (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) (With Asummary in Dutch)
595.752.2:591.43 MEDEDELINGEN LANDBOUWHOGESCHOOL WAGENINGEN • NEDERLAND • 79-17 (1979) THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM OF SUBSALTUSAPHIS ORNATA (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) (with asummary in Dutch) M. B. PONSEN Laboratory of Virology, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands (received 22-VIII-1979) H. VEENMAN & ZONEN B.V. - WAGENINGEN - 1979 THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM OF SUBSALTUSAPHIS ORNATA (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) INTRODUCTION The aphid Subsaltusaphis ornata (THEOBALD, 1927) belongs to the Callaphi- didae of BORNER (1952). These extremely flat aphids live onth e underside of the leaves of the sedge, Carex riparia CURT. During feeding the antennae are directed straight forward as has already been reported by WILLCOCKS for the related Saltusaphis scirpus THEOBALD, 1915, from 'sedges' in Egypt. The morphology and biology of Subsaltusaphis ornata hasbee n described by HILLE RIS LAMBERS (1935) under the name Saltusaphis ornatus THEOB., and chromosome studies have been performed by GUT (1976).A tpresen t this species isplace d inth e genus Subsaltusaphis QUEDNAU, 1953 (EASTOP and HILLE RIS LAMBERS, 1976). Investigations into the anatomy of the digestive system of Subsaltusaphis ornata THEOBALD were carried out since dissections of this flat aphid (Fig. 4) revealed the presence of two filtersystems, unique in the family Aphididae. Much information concerning the several types of filtersystems in the order Hemip- tera was obtained from the work of GOODCHILD (1966). MATERIALS AND METHODS Subsaltusaphis ornata, kindly supplied by Ing. A.va n HARTEN, were reared on Carex riparia inth einsectariu m ofth e Institute of Phytopathological Research (IPO) at Wageningen. They were fixed in DUBOSQ BRASIL'S fluid, embedded in paraplast, and sectioned at 5 u. -
Nutritional Ecology of the Carpenter Ant Camponotus Pennsylvanicus (De Geer): Macronutrient Preference and Particle Consumption
Nutritional Ecology of the Carpenter Ant Camponotus pennsylvanicus (De Geer): Macronutrient Preference and Particle Consumption Colleen A. Cannon Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Entomology Richard D. Fell, Chairman Jeffrey R. Bloomquist Richard E. Keyel Charles Kugler Donald E. Mullins June 12, 1998 Blacksburg, Virginia Keywords: diet, feeding behavior, food, foraging, Formicidae Copyright 1998, Colleen A. Cannon Nutritional Ecology of the Carpenter Ant Camponotus pennsylvanicus (De Geer): Macronutrient Preference and Particle Consumption Colleen A. Cannon (ABSTRACT) The nutritional ecology of the black carpenter ant, Camponotus pennsylvanicus (De Geer) was investigated by examining macronutrient preference and particle consumption in foraging workers. The crops of foragers collected in the field were analyzed for macronutrient content at two-week intervals through the active season. Choice tests were conducted at similar intervals during the active season to determine preference within and between macronutrient groups. Isolated individuals and small social groups were fed fluorescent microspheres in the laboratory to establish the fate of particles ingested by workers of both castes. Under natural conditions, foragers chiefly collected carbohydrate and nitrogenous material. Carbohydrate predominated in the crop and consisted largely of simple sugars. A small amount of glycogen was present. Carbohydrate levels did not vary with time. Lipid levels in the crop were quite low. The level of nitrogen compounds in the crop was approximately half that of carbohydrate, and exhibited seasonal dependence. Peaks in nitrogen foraging occurred in June and September, months associated with the completion of brood rearing in Camponotus. -
The Genomics and Evolution of Mutualistic and Pathogenic Bacteria
Symbiotic bacteria in animals • Oct 3 2006 • Nancy Moran • Professor, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Reading: The gut flora as a forgotten organ by A. O’Hara and F Shanahan EMBO Reports. 2006 What is symbiosis? • Term typically used for a chronic association of members of more than one genetic lineage, without overt pathogenesis • Often for mutual benefit, which may be easy or difficult to observe – Exchange of nutrients or other metabolic products, protection, transport, structural integrity Microbes in animal evolution • Bacteria present by 3.9 bya, Archaea and Eukaryota by >2 bya – The Earth is populated by ecologically diverse microbes • Animals appear about 1 bya • Animals evolved in microbial soup – “Innate” immune system probably universal among animal phyla: pathogenic infection was a constant selection pressure – But animals also evolved codependence on microbes, some of which are required for normal development and reproduction evolutionary innovations through symbiosis: examples • Eukaryotic cell (mitochondria) • Photosynthesis in eukaryotes (plastids) • Colonization of land by plants (mycorrhizae) • Nitrogen fixation by plants (rhizobia) • Animal life at deep sea vents (chemoautotrophic life systems) • Use of many nutrient-limited niches by animal lineages Why do hosts and symbionts cooperate so often? • Persistent association allows both to increase their persistence and replication. –Coinheritance – Long-term infection • Intimate metabolic exchange generating immediate beneficial feedback Symbiosis- main variables • Route -
A Contribution to the Aphid Fauna of Greece
Bulletin of Insectology 60 (1): 31-38, 2007 ISSN 1721-8861 A contribution to the aphid fauna of Greece 1,5 2 1,6 3 John A. TSITSIPIS , Nikos I. KATIS , John T. MARGARITOPOULOS , Dionyssios P. LYKOURESSIS , 4 1,7 1 3 Apostolos D. AVGELIS , Ioanna GARGALIANOU , Kostas D. ZARPAS , Dionyssios Ch. PERDIKIS , 2 Aristides PAPAPANAYOTOU 1Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Nea Ionia, Magnesia, Greece 2Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece 3Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece 4Plant Virology Laboratory, Plant Protection Institute of Heraklion, National Agricultural Research Foundation (N.AG.RE.F.), Heraklion, Crete, Greece 5Present address: Amfikleia, Fthiotida, Greece 6Present address: Institute of Technology and Management of Agricultural Ecosystems, Center for Research and Technology, Technology Park of Thessaly, Volos, Magnesia, Greece 7Present address: Department of Biology-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece Abstract In the present study a list of the aphid species recorded in Greece is provided. The list includes records before 1992, which have been published in previous papers, as well as data from an almost ten-year survey using Rothamsted suction traps and Moericke traps. The recorded aphidofauna consisted of 301 species. The family Aphididae is represented by 13 subfamilies and 120 genera (300 species), while only one genus (1 species) belongs to Phylloxeridae. The aphid fauna is dominated by the subfamily Aphidi- nae (57.1 and 68.4 % of the total number of genera and species, respectively), especially the tribe Macrosiphini, and to a lesser extent the subfamily Eriosomatinae (12.6 and 8.3 % of the total number of genera and species, respectively). -
Aphids (Hemiptera, Aphididae)
A peer-reviewed open-access journal BioRisk 4(1): 435–474 (2010) Aphids (Hemiptera, Aphididae). Chapter 9.2 435 doi: 10.3897/biorisk.4.57 RESEARCH ARTICLE BioRisk www.pensoftonline.net/biorisk Aphids (Hemiptera, Aphididae) Chapter 9.2 Armelle Cœur d’acier1, Nicolas Pérez Hidalgo2, Olivera Petrović-Obradović3 1 INRA, UMR CBGP (INRA / IRD / Cirad / Montpellier SupAgro), Campus International de Baillarguet, CS 30016, F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France 2 Universidad de León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, 24071 – León, Spain 3 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, SER-11000, Belgrade, Serbia Corresponding authors: Armelle Cœur d’acier ([email protected]), Nicolas Pérez Hidalgo (nperh@unile- on.es), Olivera Petrović-Obradović ([email protected]) Academic editor: David Roy | Received 1 March 2010 | Accepted 24 May 2010 | Published 6 July 2010 Citation: Cœur d’acier A (2010) Aphids (Hemiptera, Aphididae). Chapter 9.2. In: Roques A et al. (Eds) Alien terrestrial arthropods of Europe. BioRisk 4(1): 435–474. doi: 10.3897/biorisk.4.57 Abstract Our study aimed at providing a comprehensive list of Aphididae alien to Europe. A total of 98 species originating from other continents have established so far in Europe, to which we add 4 cosmopolitan spe- cies of uncertain origin (cryptogenic). Th e 102 alien species of Aphididae established in Europe belong to 12 diff erent subfamilies, fi ve of them contributing by more than 5 species to the alien fauna. Most alien aphids originate from temperate regions of the world. Th ere was no signifi cant variation in the geographic origin of the alien aphids over time. -
Aphids and Their Control on Orchids
APHIDS AND THEIR CONTROL ON ORCHIDS Paul J. Johnson, Ph.D. Insect Research Collection, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007 Aphids are among the most obnoxious of orchid pests. These insects are global and orchid feeding species are problematic in tropical growing areas as well as in commercial and hobby greenhouses in temperate regions. Rabasse and Wyatt (1985) ranked aphids as one of three most serious greenhouse pests, along with spider mites and whiteflies. These pernicious insects can show themselves on orchids year-around in warm climates, but seem to be mostly autumn and winter problems in temperate regions. Like most other orchid pests the most common routes into plant collections is through either the acquisition of an infested plant or the movement of plants from outdoors to indoors. However, certain reproductive stages of pest species do fly and they will move to orchids from other plants quite readily. Because of their propensity for rapid reproduction any action against aphids should be completed quickly while their populations are still small. An aphid infestation is often detected by an accumulation of pale-tan colored “skins” that fall beneath the developing colony. These “skins” are the shed integument from the growing and molting immature aphids. All of the common pest species of aphid also secrete honeydew, a feeding by-product exuded by the aphid and composed of concentrated plant fluids, and is rich in carbohydrates. This honeydew drips and accumulates beneath the aphid colony. Because of the carbohydrates honeydew is attractive to ants, flies, bees, other insects including beneficial species, and sooty mold. -
ARTHROPODA Subphylum Hexapoda Protura, Springtails, Diplura, and Insects
NINE Phylum ARTHROPODA SUBPHYLUM HEXAPODA Protura, springtails, Diplura, and insects ROD P. MACFARLANE, PETER A. MADDISON, IAN G. ANDREW, JOCELYN A. BERRY, PETER M. JOHNS, ROBERT J. B. HOARE, MARIE-CLAUDE LARIVIÈRE, PENELOPE GREENSLADE, ROSA C. HENDERSON, COURTenaY N. SMITHERS, RicarDO L. PALMA, JOHN B. WARD, ROBERT L. C. PILGRIM, DaVID R. TOWNS, IAN McLELLAN, DAVID A. J. TEULON, TERRY R. HITCHINGS, VICTOR F. EASTOP, NICHOLAS A. MARTIN, MURRAY J. FLETCHER, MARLON A. W. STUFKENS, PAMELA J. DALE, Daniel BURCKHARDT, THOMAS R. BUCKLEY, STEVEN A. TREWICK defining feature of the Hexapoda, as the name suggests, is six legs. Also, the body comprises a head, thorax, and abdomen. The number A of abdominal segments varies, however; there are only six in the Collembola (springtails), 9–12 in the Protura, and 10 in the Diplura, whereas in all other hexapods there are strictly 11. Insects are now regarded as comprising only those hexapods with 11 abdominal segments. Whereas crustaceans are the dominant group of arthropods in the sea, hexapods prevail on land, in numbers and biomass. Altogether, the Hexapoda constitutes the most diverse group of animals – the estimated number of described species worldwide is just over 900,000, with the beetles (order Coleoptera) comprising more than a third of these. Today, the Hexapoda is considered to contain four classes – the Insecta, and the Protura, Collembola, and Diplura. The latter three classes were formerly allied with the insect orders Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) and Thysanura (silverfish) as the insect subclass Apterygota (‘wingless’). The Apterygota is now regarded as an artificial assemblage (Bitsch & Bitsch 2000). -
Mexican Uroleucon (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from the Collection of the Muséum National D'histoire Naturelle of Paris with Eleven
622 Florida Entomologist 94(3) September 2011 MEXICAN UROLEUCON (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE) FROM THE COLLECTION OF THE MUSÉUM NATIONAL D’HISTOIRE NATURELLE OF PARIS WITH ELEVEN NEW SPECIES JUAN M. NIETO NAFRÍA, M. PILAR MIER DURANTE AND NICOLÁS PÉREZ HIDALGO Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental. Universidad de León, E-24071, León, Spain ABSTRACT Very little is known about the Mexican fauna of Uroleucon; only 4 species have been re- corded, which is fewer than in Central America and the Caribbean. One hundred ninety two samples collected in 19 Mexican states from the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (Paris) collection have been studied and 30 species identified. Four of them are the species previously recorded (U. ambrosiae, U. erigeronense, U. pseudoambrosiae and U. sonchi). Fif- teen North American species are recorded for the first time from Mexico: U. astronomus, U. brevitarsus, U. chani, U. eupatoricolens, U. gravicorne, U. macgillivrayae, U. maximiliani- cola, U. nigrotuberculatum, U. obscuricaudatum, U. paucosensoriatum, U. penderum, U. rey- noldense, U. richardsi, U. stoetzelae and U. zerogutierrezis. Thirty-three new “aphid/host plant” relationships of these species have been established. Comments about the distribu- tion of the species are made. Eleven new species are described, illustrated and discussed: U. penae, U. mexicanum, U. gnaphalii, U. sinuense, U. munozae, U. zacatecense, U. queretarense, U. tlaxcalense, U. latgei, U. heterothecae and U. remaudiereorum. An appendix with modifi- cations for 17 keys in Blackman and Eastop’s work, “Aphids on the World’s Herbaceous Plants and Shrubs”, is presented and 3 additional keys are given. Key Words: Uroleucon, aphids, Mexico, host plants RESUMEN Se conoce muy poco sobre la fauna mexicana del género Uroleucon; sólo se han citado cuatro especies en el país, que son menos que las citadas en América Central y el Caribe. -
Aphid Transmission of Potyvirus: the Largest Plant-Infecting RNA Virus Genus
Supplementary Aphid Transmission of Potyvirus: The Largest Plant-Infecting RNA Virus Genus Kiran R. Gadhave 1,2,*,†, Saurabh Gautam 3,†, David A. Rasmussen 2 and Rajagopalbabu Srinivasan 3 1 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA 2 Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA; [email protected] 3 Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]. † Authors contributed equally. Received: 13 May 2020; Accepted: 15 July 2020; Published: date Abstract: Potyviruses are the largest group of plant infecting RNA viruses that cause significant losses in a wide range of crops across the globe. The majority of viruses in the genus Potyvirus are transmitted by aphids in a non-persistent, non-circulative manner and have been extensively studied vis-à-vis their structure, taxonomy, evolution, diagnosis, transmission and molecular interactions with hosts. This comprehensive review exclusively discusses potyviruses and their transmission by aphid vectors, specifically in the light of several virus, aphid and plant factors, and how their interplay influences potyviral binding in aphids, aphid behavior and fitness, host plant biochemistry, virus epidemics, and transmission bottlenecks. We present the heatmap of the global distribution of potyvirus species, variation in the potyviral coat protein gene, and top aphid vectors of potyviruses. Lastly, we examine how the fundamental understanding of these multi-partite interactions through multi-omics approaches is already contributing to, and can have future implications for, devising effective and sustainable management strategies against aphid- transmitted potyviruses to global agriculture. -
Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring Within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘I: Synthesis Report
Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘i: Synthesis Report Prepared by Francis G. Howarth, David J. Preston, and Richard Pyle Honolulu, Hawaii January 2012 Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘i: Synthesis Report Francis G. Howarth, David J. Preston, and Richard Pyle Hawaii Biological Survey Bishop Museum Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96817 USA Prepared for EKNA Services Inc. 615 Pi‘ikoi Street, Suite 300 Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96814 and State of Hawaii, Department of Transportation, Airports Division Bishop Museum Technical Report 58 Honolulu, Hawaii January 2012 Bishop Museum Press 1525 Bernice Street Honolulu, Hawai‘i Copyright 2012 Bishop Museum All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America ISSN 1085-455X Contribution No. 2012 001 to the Hawaii Biological Survey COVER Adult male Hawaiian long-horned wood-borer, Plagithmysus kahului, on its host plant Chenopodium oahuense. This species is endemic to lowland Maui and was discovered during the arthropod surveys. Photograph by Forest and Kim Starr, Makawao, Maui. Used with permission. Hawaii Biological Report on Monitoring Arthropods within Kahului Airport Environs, Synthesis TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents …………….......................................................……………...........……………..…..….i. Executive Summary …….....................................................…………………...........……………..…..….1 Introduction ..................................................................………………………...........……………..…..….4