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Article 524340 3007366A7d928 ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺣﺸﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺟﻠﺪ 4 ، ﺷﻤﺎره 2 ، ﺳﺎل 1391 ، ( 153-141 ) داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﻲ، واﺣﺪ اراك ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺨ ﺼﺼﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺣﺸﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺷﺎﭘﺎ 4668- 2008 (ﻋﻠﻤﻲ - ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ) www.entomologicalresearch.ir http://jer.iau-arak.ac.ir ﺟﻠﺪ 4 ، ﺷﻤﺎره 2 ، ﺳﺎل 91 13، (1 153-14) ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻓﻮن ﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ( Hem., Sternorrhyncha; Aphididae ) در ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه ﺳﻌﻴﺪه ﻗﻬﺮﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﮋاد1* ، ﻣﻌﺼﻮﻣﻪ ﺷﺎﻳﺎن ﻣﻬﺮ2 ، ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺗﻘﻲ ﺗﻮﺣﻴﺪي3 -1 داﻧﺸﺠﻮي ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ارﺷﺪ ﺣﺸﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻛﺸﺎورزي، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﻛﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺳﺎري -2 اﺳﺘﺎدﻳﺎر ﮔﺮوه ﭘﮔﻴﺎه ﺰﺷﻜﻲ، داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻋﻠﻮم زراﻋﻲ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﻛﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺳﺎري -3 ﻣﺮﺑﻲ، ﮔﺮوه ﮔﻴﺎه ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ، ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻛﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه ﭼﻜﻴﺪه ﻓﻮن ﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Aphididae روي ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه ﻃﻲ ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي 1389 ﺗﺎ 1390 ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﺪ . ﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪه از روي ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ در اﻟﻜﻞ اﺗﻴﻠﻴﻚ 75 درﺻﺪ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري و ﭘﺲ از ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﭘﺮﭘﺎراﺳﻴﻮن ﺗﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻛﻤﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺷﺘﻪ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري و ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼ ﻴﻦ ﮔﻴﺎه ﺷﻨﺎس ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪ. ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ ﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻨﺎس در اﻳﺮان رﺳﻴﺪ. در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 25 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ 13 ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ از اﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺟﻤﻊ آوري و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪ. ﺗﻤﺎم ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي اوﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎر از ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه ﮔﺰارش ﻣﻲ ﻧﺷﻮ ﺪ. ﻛﻠﻜﺴﻴﻮن اﺳﻼﻳﺪ ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺳﻜﻮﭘﻲ از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪه در آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎه ﺣﺸﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﮔﺮوه ﮔﻴﺎه ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﻛﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺳﺎري ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح زﻳﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ: Acyrthosiphon gossypii Mordvilko ,1914, Acyrthosiphon malvae ssp. geranii Gillette & Palmer, 1929 , Aphis craccivora Koch, 1855 , Aphis euphorbiae Kaltenbach, 1843 , Aphis idaei Koch , Aphis fabae Scopoli, 1763 , Aphis punicae Pass , Aphis umbrella Boerner, 1950 , Aphis verbasci Schrank, 1801 , Brachycaudus (Acaudus) cardui (Linne, 1758), Brachycaudus (Acaudus) iranicus Davatchi & Rememaudiere, 1953 , Brach- ycaudus (Acaudus) tragopogonis Kaltenbach, 1843 , Dysaphis plantaginea Pass , Hyadaphis foeniculi Pass., 1860 , Hyalopterus pruni Geoffroy , Hyperomyzus lactucae Linne, 1758 , Macrosiphum rosae, Myzus persicae Sulzer, 1776 , Nasonovia ribisnigri Mosley, 1841 , Rhopalosiphum padi L., 1756 , Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch, 1856 , Sitobion fragariae Walker, 1848 , Uroleucon cichorii Koch, 1855 , Uroleucon compositae Theo- bald, 1915 , Uroleucon sonchi Linne, 1767 . واژه ﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﻴﺪي : ﻓﻮن، ﺷﺘﻪ، ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن، ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه، اﻳﺮان، Aphididae * ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪه راﺑﻂ ، ﭘﺴﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻜﻲ : [email protected] ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ د رﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ( /7/25 90 -) ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮش ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ( /10/6 )91 141 ﻗﻬﺮﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﮋاد و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران : ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻓﻮن ﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ( Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae ) در ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ ﻣﺨ ﺘﻠﻒ ... ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻬﻤﻲ از ﺣﺸﺮات ﻛﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ راﺳﺘﻪ ﺟﻮرﺑﺎﻻن ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدات ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي را در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻌﺘﺪﻟﻪ دارﻧﺪ . در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ و ﺟﻮد دارد ﻛﻪ ﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﺧﻮد را ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ( Rezwani, 2001 .) ﺧﺴﺎرت ﺷﺘﻪ روي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ و ﻳﺎ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺧﺴﺎرت ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ در اﺛﺮ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ از ﺷﻴﺮه ﮔﻴﺎه ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد ﻣﻲ ،آﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ زردي، ﭘﮋﻣﺮدﮔﻲ و ﺿﻌﻒ ﮔﻴﺎه ﺷﺪه و در ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮگ ﮔﻴﺎه ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣ ﻨﺠﺮ ﮔﺮدد . در ﺧﺴﺎرت ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ، ﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﺷﺢ ﻋﺴﻠﻚ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺟﺬب ﮔﺮد و ﺧﺎك و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ رﺷﺪ ﻗﺎرچ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﭘﺮوﻓﻴﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ و اﻳﻦ در ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﺧﺘﻼل در ﻋﻤﻞ ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰ و ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﺎﻗﻞ وﻳﺮوس ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﺧﺴﺎرت از ﻟﺤﺎظ اﻗﺘ ﺼﺎدي ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺣﺎﻳﺰ اﻫﻤﻴﺖ اﺳﺖ. ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﮔﺰارش ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻣﻮرد ﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﺌﻮﺑﺎﻟﺪ ( 1300 ) ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ ,Rezwani) (2001 . در ﺑﻴﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﻨﺪﮔﺎن اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ اوﻟﻴﻦ ﮔﺎم را در ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان اﻓﺸﺎر ( 1316 ) ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ، و ﭼﻨﺪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ را در ﭼﻬﺎرﭼﻮب آﻓﺎت درﺧﺘﺎن ﻣﻴﻮه ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ رﺳﺎﻧﻴ ﺪ (Afshar, 1937) . ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻫﺎي ﮔﺴﺘﺮده و ﭘﻴﮕﻴﺮ را دواﭼﻲ و رﻣﻮدﻳﻪ ﺷﺮوع ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ و ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي را در زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي درﺧﺘﺎن ﺻﻨﻮﺑﺮ، ﭘﺴﺘﻪ و ﺑﺴﻴﺎري از ﻧﺒﺎﺗﺎت ﺻﺤﺮاﻳ ﻲ اراﻳ ﻪ ﻧﻤﻮدﻧﺪ Davatchi) (Remaudiere, 1957 & . ﻓﺮﺣﺒﺨﺶ در ﭼﻚ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ آﻓﺎت ﺑﻪ 56 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از ﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان آﻓﺎت ﻛ ﻢ و ﺑﻴﺶ ﻣﻬﻢ اﺷﺎره ﻛﺮده اﺳﺖ (Farahbakhsh, 1961) . ﺣﺠﺖ و ﻣﺼﺪق در ﺳﺎل 1358 ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻮن اﻳﺮان ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻨﺪ (Hodjat, 1981) . ﺑﺮﺧﻮرداري و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ( 1360) در ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ آﻓﺎت ﮔﺰ ﺳﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از ﺷﺘﻪ را ذﻛﺮ ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ. ﻋﺒﺎﻳ ﻲ ( 1363 ) ﻧﻴﺰ در ﭼﻚ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ آﻓﺎت درﺧﺘﺎن و درﺧﺘﭽﻪ ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد ﺣﺪود ﭘﻨﺠﺎه ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﺘﻪ روي درﺧﺘﺎن ﻣﺜﻤﺮ و ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺜﻤﺮ اﺷﺎره ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ (Rezwani, 2001) . ﺣﺠﺖ و رﺿﻮاﻧﻲ در ﺳﺎل 1366 ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻨﺪ. رﺿﻮاﻧﻲ در ﺳﺎل 1365 ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژي و ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژي ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﺲ Dysaphis ، در 1366 ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻓﻮن ﺷ ﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎن ﺗﻬﺮان، در 1368 ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي درﺧﺘﺎن و درﺧﺘﭽﻪ ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان، در 1369 ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﭘﻨﺞ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻮن اﻳﺮان و در ﺳﺎل 1372- 1374 ﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي رﻳﺸﻪ ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨﺪ در اﻳﺮان را ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻧﻤﻮد (Rezwani, 2001) . ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب ﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان ( 1380 )، ﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي درﺧﺘﺎن و درﺧﺘﭽﻪ ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان ( 1383 ) و ﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻋﻠﻔﻲ اﻳﺮان ( 1389 ) را ﭼﺎپ و ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻧﻤﻮد. ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻣﻬﻤﻲ را در اﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻛﺸﺎورزي دارا ﺑﻮده و از اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ دﻗﻴﻖ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي آن ﻫﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ اﺗﺨﺎذ روش ﻫﺎي ﻣﺒﺎر زه ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺿﺮوري ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲ رﺳﺪ. ﻫﺪف از اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻓﻮن ﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Aphididae در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه، ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻛﻠﻜﺴﻴﻮن د اﻳ ﻤﻲ، ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ و ﻣﻴﺰان ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺷﺘﻪ روي آن ﻫﺎ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ داﻣﻨﻪ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ ﺑﻴﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷ ﺪ. ﺪ. ﻣﻮاد و روش ﻫﺎ ﻫﺎ در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ از ﺑﻬﺎر 1389 آﻏﺎز و ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ 1390 اداﻣﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ. ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ و از ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ از روش ﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ و ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. در روش ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴ ﻢ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ از ﮔﻴﺎه ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺘﻪ آﻟﻮده ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻴﭽﻲ ﺑﺎﻏﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ آراﻣﻲ ﺑﺮﻳﺪه و داﺧﻞ ﻛﻴﺴﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. در ﻣﻮاردي ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ اﻣﻜﺎن ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻧﺒﻮد از روش ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده 142 ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺣﺸﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺟﻠﺪ 4 ، ﺷﻤﺎره 2 ، ﺳﺎل 1391 ، ( 153-141 ) ﺷﺪ ﻧﺪ ، در اﻳﻦ روش ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺎك ﺑﻮدن ﺳﻄﺢ ﮔﻴﺎه و ﻳﺎ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻣﻮرﭼﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﻳﺎ ﺷﻜﺎرﮔﺮﻫﺎﻳﻲ از ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮري ﻫﺎ و ﻛﻔﺸﺪوزك ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ اي ﺑﺮاي وﺟﻮد ﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ روي ﮔﻴﺎه اﺳﺖ در ﺻﻮرت وﺟﻮد اﻳﻦ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺪا ﻛﺮدن ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ آﻟﻮده و ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي روي آن اﻗﺪام ﺷﺪ. ﭘﺲ از ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ، از ﺧﻮد ﮔﻴﺎه ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن ﻧﻴﺰ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮔﻴﺎه از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﮔﻞ، ﺑﺮگ و ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻗﻴﭽﻲ ﺑﺎﻏﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺟﺪا ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و داﺧﻞ ﭘﺎﻛﺖ ﻗﺮار داده ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﭘﺲ از ﻋﺎري ﺷﺪن از ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ، داﺧﻞ روزﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت ﭼﻨﺪ روز در داﺧﻞ ﺗﺨﺘﻪ ﭘﺮس ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﭘﺲ از ﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﺪن، ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ روي ﻣﻘﻮاي ﺳﻔﻴﺪ رﻧﮓ ﭼﺴﭙﺎﻧﺪه ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﮔﻴﺎه ﺷﻨﺎس ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ (دﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﮋﮔﺎن وﻳﺴﻲ و دﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﻌﺼﻮﻣﻲ) . ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ، از آن ﻫﺎ ﭘﺮﭘﺎراﺳﻴﻮن ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺗﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪﻧﺪ ,Rezwani, 2001, 2004; Blackman & Eastop, 2000, 2006., Heie, 1980, 1986, 1992, 1994) 1995 ). اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ ﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻨﺎس در اﻳﺮان (دﻛﺘﺮ ﻋﻠﻲ رﺿﻮاﻧﻲ و دﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﺤﺴﻦ ﻣﻬﺮﭘﺮور) ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘ .ﻨﺪ .ﻨﺪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ در اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ در ﺣﺪود 150 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ از ﻣﻨﺎ ﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 25 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ 13 ﺟﻨﺲ از ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Aphididae ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪ. ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ (ﻧﺎم ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ، ﻣﺤﻞ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري و ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري) در زﻳﺮ آورده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ودر ﺟﺪول 1 ﻧﺎم ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ، ﻧﺎم ﻋﻠﻤﻲ و ﻧﺎم ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ ﻣ ﻴﺰﺑﺎن آورده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري آن ﻫﺎ List of aphid species and collection data Acyrthosiphon gossypii Mordvilko, 1914 Material examined: Bisetun 9 April. 2010; 7 May. 2011., Kozaran 11 Apr. 2010., Miandarband 19 Apr. 2011., Sarfirozabad 5 May. 2011., Sarab ghanbar 4 June. 2011. Acyrthosiphon malvae Gillette & Palmer, 1929 Material examined: Bisetun 5 May. 2010., Miandarband 13 Apr. 2011., Sanjabi 16 June 2011. Aphis craccivora Koch, 1855 Material examined:Kandolleh 5 May. 2010., Dorodfaraman 11 Apr. 2010., Miandarband 17 Apr. 2010., Bise- tun 11 Apr. 2011; 5 May. 2010; 14 Apr. 2011., Mahidasht 20 June. 2011; 12 May. 2011., Sarfirozabad 12 May. 2010., Chamchamal 16 May. 2010., Dinavar 25 Apr. 2010; 4 June. 2011., Bilavar 1 Apr. 2011., Kozar- an 16 apr. 2011. Aphis euphorbiae Kaltenbach, 1843 Material examined: Miandarband 11 Apr. 2011., Bisetun 15 May. 2011. Aphis idaei Koch Material examined: Sarab ghanbar 17 May. 2010. Aphis fabae Scopoli, 1763 Material examined: Karmanshah 6 Apr. 2010; 11 Apr. 2010; 11 Apr. 2011., Bisetun 9 Apr. 2010; 25 June. 2011., Sarfirozabad 19 Apr. 2010., Miandarband 19 Apr. 2010., Kozaran 22 Apr. 2010., Mahidasht 5 May. 2010., Chamchamal 27 Mar. 2010., Dorod faraman 26 May. 2010., Kandolleh 28 May. 2010., Bilavar 2 May. 2011., Baladarband 4 June. 2011., Sarab niloofar 17 May. 2011., Sarab ghanbar 20 May. 2011. Aphis punicae Pass 143 ﻗﻬﺮﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﮋاد و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران : ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻓﻮن ﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ( Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae ) در ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ ﻣﺨ ﺘﻠﻒ ... Material examined: Kandolleh 28 May. 2010., Sarab ghanbar 20 May. 2011., Dinavar 26 May. 2011. Aphis umbrella Boerner, 1950 Material examined: Mahidasht 4 May. 2011. Aphis verbasci Schrank, 1801 Material examined: Miandarband 12 Apr. 2011. Brachycaudus cardui Linne, 1758 Material examined: Bisetun 24 June. 2011., Karmanshah 25 June. 2011., Dinavar 23 May.
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    Improving lettuce insect pest management - NSW and QLD Dr Sandra McDougall NSW Department of Primary Industries Project Number: VG01028 VG01028 This report is published by Horticulture Australia Ltd to pass on information concerning horticultural research and development undertaken for the vegetable industry. The research contained in this report was funded by Horticulture Australia Ltd with the financial support of the vegetable industry, Syngenta, Convenience Foods Pty Ltd, South Pacific Seeds, Organic Crop Protectants Pty Ltd and the NSW Department of Primary Industries. All expressions of opinion are not to be regarded as expressing the opinion of Horticulture Australia Ltd or any authority of the Australian Government. The Company and the Australian Government accept no responsibility for any of the opinions or the accuracy of the information contained in this report and readers should rely upon their own enquiries in making decisions concerning their own interests. ISBN 0 7341 1227 0 Published and distributed by: Horticulture Australia Ltd Level 1 50 Carrington Street Sydney NSW 2000 Telephone: (02) 8295 2300 Fax: (02) 8295 2399 E-Mail: [email protected] © Copyright 2006 FINAL REPORT VG01028 Improving lettuce pest management – NSW and SE Queensland 30 November 2005 Sandra McDougall et al. NSW Department of Primary Industries ISBN 0 7347 1691 5 Project No: VG 01028 Principal Investigator: Dr Sandra McDougall Contact Details: National Vegetable Industry Centre NSW DPI PMB, Yanco NSW 2703 (02) 6951 2728 (02) 6951 2692 fax 042 740 1466 mob [email protected] Project Team: NSW DPI: Sandra McDougall, Andrew Creek, and Tony Napier, QDPI: John Duff Report Completed: October 2005 Statement of purpose: This report is a summary of the research and extension work conducted by the project team on lettuce pest management.
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  • Paecilomyces Niveus Stolk & Samson, 1971 (Ascomycota
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.08014 Original Article Paecilomyces niveus Stolk & Samson, 1971 (Ascomycota: Thermoascaceae) as a pathogen of Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosley, 1841) (Hemiptera, Aphididae) in Brazil M. A. C. Zawadneaka*, I. C. Pimentelb, D. Roblb, P. Dalzotob, V. Vicenteb, D. R. Sosa-Gómezc, M. Porsanib and F. L. Cuqueld aLaboratório de Entomologia Prof. Ângelo Moreira da Costa Lima, Departamento de Patologia Básica, Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR, CP 19020, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil bLaboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Patologia Básica, Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR, CP 19020, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil cLaboratório de Entomologia, Embrapa Soja, CP 231, CEP 86001-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil dDepartamento de Fitotecnia e Fitossanitarismo, Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR, Rua dos Funcionários, CP 1540, CEP 80035-050, Curitiba, PR, Brazil *e-mail: [email protected] Received: May 2, 2014 – Accepted: August 27, 2014 – Distributed: November 30, 2015 (With 2 figures) Abstract Nasonovia ribisnigri is a key pest of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in Brazil that requires alternative control methods to synthetic pesticides. We report, for the first time, the occurrence of Paecilomyces niveus as an entomopathogen of the aphid Nasonovia ribisnigri in Pinhais, Paraná, Brazil. Samples of mummified aphids were collected from lettuce crops. The fungus P. niveus (PaePR) was isolated from the insect bodies and identified by macro and micromorphology. The species was confirmed by sequencing Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) rDNA. We obtained a sequence of 528 bp (accession number HQ441751), which aligned with Byssochlamys nivea strains (100% identities). In a bioassay, 120 h after inoculation of N.
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  • Natural Enemies of the Currant Lettuce Aphid, Nasonovia Ribisnigri (Mosely) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Their Population Fluctuations in Ahvaz, Iran
    J. Crop Prot. 2014, 3 (4):487-497_______________________________________________________ Research Article Natural enemies of the currant lettuce aphid, Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosely) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and their population fluctuations in Ahvaz, Iran Afrooz Farsi1*, Farhan Kocheili1, Mohammad Saeed Mossadegh1, Arash Rasekh1 and Mehrzad Tavoosi2 1. Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran. 2. Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Khuzestan-Ahvaz. Abstract: Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosely) is one of the most important pests of the lettuce plant and it was reported for the first time in Ahvaz in 2008. In order to investigate the dominant species of its natural enemies and their population fluctuations, sample were taken arbitrarily from fifty plants twice a week during the growing season in 2010-2012. In this study, ten species of predators, three species of parasitoids and two species of hyperparasitoids were collected and identified. Hoverflies with a relative frequency of 55% were the dominant predators. Peaks of lacewings and subsequently ladybird beetles were more coincident with peaks of aphid population in mid-March in the first year of studies. But their densities in the second year were very low. Also, hoverflies and parasitoids were mainly observed in the high densities in late March-early April, in both years. Regression analysis indicated that populations of aphids were mainly affected by ladybird beetles and lacewings in the first year of study, as well as by ladybird beetles, hoverflies and parasitoids in the second year. Therefore, additional studies are required for further evaluation on the potential abilities of these natural enemies being a good candidates for the future biological control programs.
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  • The Genomics and Evolution of Mutualistic and Pathogenic Bacteria
    Symbiotic bacteria in animals • Oct 3 2006 • Nancy Moran • Professor, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Reading: The gut flora as a forgotten organ by A. O’Hara and F Shanahan EMBO Reports. 2006 What is symbiosis? • Term typically used for a chronic association of members of more than one genetic lineage, without overt pathogenesis • Often for mutual benefit, which may be easy or difficult to observe – Exchange of nutrients or other metabolic products, protection, transport, structural integrity Microbes in animal evolution • Bacteria present by 3.9 bya, Archaea and Eukaryota by >2 bya – The Earth is populated by ecologically diverse microbes • Animals appear about 1 bya • Animals evolved in microbial soup – “Innate” immune system probably universal among animal phyla: pathogenic infection was a constant selection pressure – But animals also evolved codependence on microbes, some of which are required for normal development and reproduction evolutionary innovations through symbiosis: examples • Eukaryotic cell (mitochondria) • Photosynthesis in eukaryotes (plastids) • Colonization of land by plants (mycorrhizae) • Nitrogen fixation by plants (rhizobia) • Animal life at deep sea vents (chemoautotrophic life systems) • Use of many nutrient-limited niches by animal lineages Why do hosts and symbionts cooperate so often? • Persistent association allows both to increase their persistence and replication. –Coinheritance – Long-term infection • Intimate metabolic exchange generating immediate beneficial feedback Symbiosis- main variables • Route
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  • A Contribution to the Aphid Fauna of Greece
    Bulletin of Insectology 60 (1): 31-38, 2007 ISSN 1721-8861 A contribution to the aphid fauna of Greece 1,5 2 1,6 3 John A. TSITSIPIS , Nikos I. KATIS , John T. MARGARITOPOULOS , Dionyssios P. LYKOURESSIS , 4 1,7 1 3 Apostolos D. AVGELIS , Ioanna GARGALIANOU , Kostas D. ZARPAS , Dionyssios Ch. PERDIKIS , 2 Aristides PAPAPANAYOTOU 1Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Nea Ionia, Magnesia, Greece 2Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece 3Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece 4Plant Virology Laboratory, Plant Protection Institute of Heraklion, National Agricultural Research Foundation (N.AG.RE.F.), Heraklion, Crete, Greece 5Present address: Amfikleia, Fthiotida, Greece 6Present address: Institute of Technology and Management of Agricultural Ecosystems, Center for Research and Technology, Technology Park of Thessaly, Volos, Magnesia, Greece 7Present address: Department of Biology-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece Abstract In the present study a list of the aphid species recorded in Greece is provided. The list includes records before 1992, which have been published in previous papers, as well as data from an almost ten-year survey using Rothamsted suction traps and Moericke traps. The recorded aphidofauna consisted of 301 species. The family Aphididae is represented by 13 subfamilies and 120 genera (300 species), while only one genus (1 species) belongs to Phylloxeridae. The aphid fauna is dominated by the subfamily Aphidi- nae (57.1 and 68.4 % of the total number of genera and species, respectively), especially the tribe Macrosiphini, and to a lesser extent the subfamily Eriosomatinae (12.6 and 8.3 % of the total number of genera and species, respectively).
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  • Mexican Uroleucon (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from the Collection of the Muséum National D'histoire Naturelle of Paris with Eleven
    622 Florida Entomologist 94(3) September 2011 MEXICAN UROLEUCON (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE) FROM THE COLLECTION OF THE MUSÉUM NATIONAL D’HISTOIRE NATURELLE OF PARIS WITH ELEVEN NEW SPECIES JUAN M. NIETO NAFRÍA, M. PILAR MIER DURANTE AND NICOLÁS PÉREZ HIDALGO Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental. Universidad de León, E-24071, León, Spain ABSTRACT Very little is known about the Mexican fauna of Uroleucon; only 4 species have been re- corded, which is fewer than in Central America and the Caribbean. One hundred ninety two samples collected in 19 Mexican states from the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (Paris) collection have been studied and 30 species identified. Four of them are the species previously recorded (U. ambrosiae, U. erigeronense, U. pseudoambrosiae and U. sonchi). Fif- teen North American species are recorded for the first time from Mexico: U. astronomus, U. brevitarsus, U. chani, U. eupatoricolens, U. gravicorne, U. macgillivrayae, U. maximiliani- cola, U. nigrotuberculatum, U. obscuricaudatum, U. paucosensoriatum, U. penderum, U. rey- noldense, U. richardsi, U. stoetzelae and U. zerogutierrezis. Thirty-three new “aphid/host plant” relationships of these species have been established. Comments about the distribu- tion of the species are made. Eleven new species are described, illustrated and discussed: U. penae, U. mexicanum, U. gnaphalii, U. sinuense, U. munozae, U. zacatecense, U. queretarense, U. tlaxcalense, U. latgei, U. heterothecae and U. remaudiereorum. An appendix with modifi- cations for 17 keys in Blackman and Eastop’s work, “Aphids on the World’s Herbaceous Plants and Shrubs”, is presented and 3 additional keys are given. Key Words: Uroleucon, aphids, Mexico, host plants RESUMEN Se conoce muy poco sobre la fauna mexicana del género Uroleucon; sólo se han citado cuatro especies en el país, que son menos que las citadas en América Central y el Caribe.
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  • Biodiversity – Economy Or Ecology? Long-Term Study of Changes in the Biodiversity of Aphids Living in Steppe-Like Grasslands in Central Europe
    EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGYENTOMOLOGY ISSN (online): 1802-8829 Eur. J. Entomol. 114: 140–146, 2017 http://www.eje.cz doi: 10.14411/eje.2017.019 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Biodiversity – economy or ecology? Long-term study of changes in the biodiversity of aphids living in steppe-like grasslands in Central Europe BARBARA OSIADACZ 1, ROMAN HAŁAJ 2 and DAMIAN CHMURA3 1 Department of Entomology and Environmental Protection, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego St. 159, PL 60-594 Poznań, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] 2 The Upper Silesian Nature Society, Huberta St. 35, PL 40-543 Katowice, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] 3 Institute of Environmental Protection and Engineering, University of Bielsko-Biała, Willowa 2, PL 43-309 Bielsko-Biała, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Hemiptera, Aphidoidea, bio-ecological groups, community structure, protected habitats, loss of biodiversity, human impact, NMDS methods, regional hotspots Abstract. This paper examines the changes in the species composition of aphids living in dry calcareous grasslands in Central Europe over a 25-year period. To the best of our knowledge, this is the fi rst analysis of this type in the world that takes into account both previous and current data on species richness as well as groups of aphids that are distinguishable on the basis of biological and ecological criteria such as host-alternation and feeding types, life cycle, ecological niche, symbiosis with ants and their eco- logical functional groups. Over the period of more than 25 years, there has been a signifi cant decrease in aphid α-diversity, from 171 to 105 species.
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  • Aphid Transmission of Potyvirus: the Largest Plant-Infecting RNA Virus Genus
    Supplementary Aphid Transmission of Potyvirus: The Largest Plant-Infecting RNA Virus Genus Kiran R. Gadhave 1,2,*,†, Saurabh Gautam 3,†, David A. Rasmussen 2 and Rajagopalbabu Srinivasan 3 1 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA 2 Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA; [email protected] 3 Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]. † Authors contributed equally. Received: 13 May 2020; Accepted: 15 July 2020; Published: date Abstract: Potyviruses are the largest group of plant infecting RNA viruses that cause significant losses in a wide range of crops across the globe. The majority of viruses in the genus Potyvirus are transmitted by aphids in a non-persistent, non-circulative manner and have been extensively studied vis-à-vis their structure, taxonomy, evolution, diagnosis, transmission and molecular interactions with hosts. This comprehensive review exclusively discusses potyviruses and their transmission by aphid vectors, specifically in the light of several virus, aphid and plant factors, and how their interplay influences potyviral binding in aphids, aphid behavior and fitness, host plant biochemistry, virus epidemics, and transmission bottlenecks. We present the heatmap of the global distribution of potyvirus species, variation in the potyviral coat protein gene, and top aphid vectors of potyviruses. Lastly, we examine how the fundamental understanding of these multi-partite interactions through multi-omics approaches is already contributing to, and can have future implications for, devising effective and sustainable management strategies against aphid- transmitted potyviruses to global agriculture.
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  • Eco-Climatic Assessment of the Potential Establishment of Exotic Insects in New Zealand
    Eco-climatic assessment of the potential establishment of exotic insects in New Zealand A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Lincoln University by Lora Peacock Lincoln University 2005 Contents Abstract of a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of PhD Eco-climatic assessment of the potential establishment of exotic insects in New Zealand Lora Peacock To refine our knowledge and to adequately test hypotheses concerning theoretical and applied aspects of invasion biology, successful and unsuccessful invaders should be compared. This study investigated insect establishment patterns by comparing the climatic preferences and biological attributes of two groups of polyphagous insect species that are constantly intercepted at New Zealand's border. One group of species is established in New Zealand (n = 15), the other group comprised species that are not established (n = 21). In the present study the two groups were considered to represent successful and unsuccessful invaders. To provide background for interpretation of results of the comparative analysis, global areas that are climatically analogous to sites in New Zealand were identified by an eco­ climatic assessment model, CLIMEX, to determine possible sources of insect pest invasion. It was found that south east Australia is one of the regions that are climatically very similar to New Zealand. Furthermore, New Zealand shares 90% of its insect pest species with that region. South east Australia has close trade and tourism links with New Zealand and because of its proximity a new incursion in that analogous climate should alert biosecurity authorities in New Zealand.
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  • Growth, Development and Consumption by Four Syrphid Species Associated with the Lettuce Aphid, Nasonovia Ribisnigri, in California ⇑ Julie V
    Biological Control xxx (2011) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biological Control journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ybcon Growth, development and consumption by four syrphid species associated with the lettuce aphid, Nasonovia ribisnigri, in California ⇑ Julie V. Hopper , Erik H. Nelson, Kent M. Daane, Nicholas J. Mills Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, Mulford Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA article info abstract Article history: The lettuce aphid, Nasonovia ribisnigri Mosley, was accidentally introduced into California from Europe Received 1 November 2010 during the late 1990s and soon became an economic pest of Romaine lettuce along California’s central Accepted 25 March 2011 coast region. Indigenous syrphid larvae attack the lettuce aphid and are believed to be effective in the Available online xxxx management of this invasive pest, although there have been no studies on the capacity of the syrphid lar- vae to kill and consume lettuce aphids. We focused on four syrphid species commonly found in central Keywords: coast lettuce fields: Allograpta obliqua (Say), Eupeodes fumipennis (Thomson), Sphaerophoria sulphuripes Biological control (Thomson), and Toxomerus marginatus (Say). Laboratory feeding experiments were conducted to estimate Aphididae the development times of all juvenile stages, the daily growth rate of larvae, the number of third instar Syrphidae Predation potential aphids killed, the aphid biomass killed, and the aphid biomass consumed as measures of predator perfor- Lettuce mance. Results show that during larval development E. fumipennis killed the most third-instar aphids (507 aphids, 88 mg biomass killed) and reached the largest size, followed by A. obliqua (228 aphids, 39 mg killed), S.
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  • Development and Survival of Aulacorthum Solani, Macrosiphum Euphorbiae and Uroleucon Ambrosiae at Six Temperatures
    Bulletin of Insectology 64 (1): 63-68, 2011 ISSN 1721-8861 Development and survival of Aulacorthum solani, Macrosiphum euphorbiae and Uroleucon ambrosiae at six temperatures 1 1 2 3 Bruno Freitas DE CONTI , Vanda Helena Paes BUENO , Marcus V. SAMPAIO , Joop C. VAN LENTEREN 1Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, MG, Brazil 2Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Uberlandia, MG, Brazil 3Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, The Netherlands Abstract Temperature is one of the most important factors in determining the survival and developmental rate of aphids. The aim of this study was to evaluate the developmental time and survival of the aphid species Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach), Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) and Uroleucon ambrosiae (Thomas) (Rhynchota Aphididae) at six constant temperatures. Tests were con- ducted on lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L.) in climate chambers at 16, 19, 22, 25, 28 and 31 ± 1 °C, 70 ± 10% RH and 12 h pho- tophase. At high temperatures these species showed lower rates of survival than at low temperatures, and at 31 °C no aphids reached adulthood. The highest survival rates and the shortest developmental times were observed between 16 and 22 °C. The lower temperature threshold (Tb) and thermal constant (K) for A. solani and M. euphorbiae were 1.09 and 1.05 °C and 142.9 and 144.9 degrees-day (DD), respectively, while for U. ambrosiae these parameters could not be estimated. The highest survival rate and short developmental time found at 22 °C indicate that this temperature is optimal for development of A. solani and M. eu- phorbiae, whereas the optimal temperature for U.
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  • BIN Overlap Confirms Transcontinental Distribution of Pest Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
    RESEARCH ARTICLE BIN overlap confirms transcontinental distribution of pest aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) 1,2 3 1,4 Muhammad Tayyib NaseemID , Muhammad AshfaqID *, Arif Muhammad Khan , Akhtar Rasool1,5, Muhammad Asif1, Paul D. N. Hebert3 1 National institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan, 2 Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan, 3 Centre for Biodiversity Genomics & Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, 4 Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan, 5 Department of Zoology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan a1111111111 a1111111111 * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract DNA barcoding is highly effective for identifying specimens once a reference sequence library is available for the species assemblage targeted for analysis. Despite the great need OPEN ACCESS for an improved capacity to identify the insect pests of crops, the use of DNA barcoding is Citation: Naseem MT, Ashfaq M, Khan AM, Rasool constrained by the lack of a well-parameterized reference library. The current study begins A, Asif M, Hebert PDN (2019) BIN overlap confirms to address this limitation by developing a DNA barcode reference library for the pest aphids transcontinental distribution of pest aphids of Pakistan. It also examines the affinities of these species with conspecific populations (Hemiptera: Aphididae). PLoS ONE 14(12): from other geographic regions based on both conventional taxonomy and Barcode Index e0220426. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0220426 Numbers (BINs). A total of 809 aphids were collected from a range of plant species at sites across Pakistan. Morphological study and DNA barcoding allowed 774 specimens to be Editor: Feng ZHANG, Nanjing Agricultural University, CHINA identified to one of 42 species while the others were placed to a genus or subfamily.
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