Index

ABM Treaty of 1972, 183, 190 Anti-missile shield (“Star Wars”), 8, 190 Absorbent powder, 35, 211–212 Antivirals, 129, 131, 143, 214, 215, 228–229 Acute pulmonary edema, 30 Apoptosis, 4, 193 Additional protocol to the Non-Proliferation Arak (production unit for heavy water), 185 Treaty (NPT), 177, 186 Arbovirus, 112 Affymetrix (company), 169 Army Health Service, 84, 120, 205 Afghanistan, 2, 4 Arsenic, 12, 14, 23, 83 Afl atoxin, 62 Asilomar, 170 Agents, 3–6, 11–21, 29–37, 59–63, 68, 73–75, Aspergillus, 62 107–114, 153, 159–173, 201, 205–215, Assault medications, 4, 12 218, 220 Atropine, 35, 38–39, 54–56, 214 asphyxiants (suffocants), 92 Attack drone, 182 BZ, 12, 25, 31, 92 Atypical pneumonia (SARS), 3, 108, 120, incapacitants, 30, 32 135–152 neurotoxicants, 24, 33, 38, 77, 89 Aum Shinrikyo (sect), 20, 187 orange (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic Australian group, 102 acid), 12, 15 purple, 15 Bacillus red anthracis (anthrax agent), 61, 96, 101, tranquilizers, 32 113, 115, 153–154, 156–157, vesicants, 12–13, 23, 25, 34, 36, 205 166–167, 169 Aging of phosphorylated globigii, 99, 216 acetylcholinesterases, 36–37, 39 subtilis, 216 Alamogordo (USA), 178 Bartonella quintana, 101 Al-Hakam (Iraqi site of), 100 Basson Wouter Alibek Ken (Alibejov Kanatjan), 97, 107, Batelle (foundation), 167–168 117, 118, 157, 166, 188 Bedson Henry, 118, 171 Al-Tuwaitha, 182 Berg Paul, 170, 174 Amantadine, 129, 228 Bhopal, 9, 34, 55, 74, 83, 204 Ames (strain of BacillusCOPYRIGHTED anthracis), 98, 154, Biopreparat MATERIAL (biological war complex), 97–98, 156, 164, 169–170, 172 107, 157, 166 Anthrax, 52, 68, 97, 100–102, 105, 108, 112, Biopreparedness Act, 173 114, 136, 153–157, 164, 167–170, 172, Biochips, 114, 206 204, 218 Bioreactors, 161–162 Antibiotics, 35, 43, 97, 153, 155–156, 161, Biotechnologies, 104, 159–174, 206 164–167, 170, 198, 214–215 Bioterrorism, 24, 49, 100, 117, 125, 208, 219 Antidotes, 39, 48, 56–57, 74, 77, 81, 85, 203, Biotox (plan), 122–123, 153, 204 214–215, 218, 227 Bin Laden, 187–188

Treating Victims of Mass Destruction Edited by Patrick Barriot and Chantal Bismuth © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 232 INDEX

Blix Hans, 16–17 Clostridium BLU-82, 2–3 botulinum, 19, 60, 167 Bomb, 3, 97, 154, 178, 181, 188, 191–192, perfringens, 101, 111 195, 221 Cluster bomb, 2 A, 8, 179, 191–192 CN (omega-chloroacetophenone), 24, BL 61–11 or mini-nuke, 3, 181 29–30 Bouchehr (nuclear center), 186, 189 Coccidomycetes (pulmonary mycosis agent), Daisy Cutter, 2 109 dirty or radiological, 2, 181–182, Combat (newspaper), 191 188, 217 Computer simulations, 104–105, 205, E (electromagnetic), 7, 182–183, 196 216–217 FAE (fuel air explosive), 2–3 Contact subjects, 122 fragmentation, 2 Contamination, 5, 11, 14, 19–20, 24, 35, 45, graphite, 7, 196 59, 61, 65–66, 80–81, 97, 108, 113, 118, hydrogen, 179 123, 125, 129–130, 139–141, 163, 188, intelligent virus, 168 194, 198–202, 204, 207, 208, 217 megaton thermonuclear, 1 Counter-proliferation, 7–8, 95, 189–190 neutron, 180, 182–183, 195 Counter-terrorism, 4, 19, 21, 28, 91–93 portable nuclear (“suitcase bomb”), 188 Convention for the Prohibition of Biological Brazil, 96, 111, 188, 196 Weapons, 5, 173 British Anti-Lewisite (BAL or dimercaprol), Convention for the Prohibition of Chemical 36, 199, 201, 214, 216 Weapons, 43, 218 Brucella melitensis, 109, 115 Corona virus, 108, 138 Burkholderia Coxiella brunetii (Q fever agent), 101, 109, mallei, 96, 109–110, 115 115 pseudo-mallei (glanders agent), 101, CS (chlorobenzylidene malononitrile), 12, 110, 115 29–30 BZ (quinuclidinol benzilate), 12, 25, Cyanides, 28, 36, 77, 92 31, 92 Dark Winter (exercise), 103–104, 216 Camus Albert, 191 Decontamination, 30, 35–36, 39, 43, 48–50, Carcinogenic, 62, 170, 194 56–57, 60, 75–81, 85–87, 114, 156, 170, CDC, Atlanta, USA, 121, 138, 152, 155, 188, 194, 196, 199–200, 204, 211–213, 173, 206–207, 228 217–218, 227, 230 Chernobyl, 9, 151, 187, 196–197, 201, 207, Defense secret, 205 213, 216 Defoliants, 7, 11, 15, 21, 27, 29, 181 Chlamydia, 101, 109, 136–138, 143, 164 Dengue, 4, 101, 110, 112, 163, 172 Chlorine, 12–14, 21, 23–24, 32–34, 45, 51, Detection, 40, 105, 109, 119, 128, 137–140, 83, 212 155–156, 165–166, 168–170, 184, 194, Cholera, 62, 101, 103, 112–113, 115, 145, 205–207, 211 162, 164, 166 Detrick (camp, fort), 98, 154, 157, 172 Churchill Winston, 52 Diabrotica virgifera, 104 Ciclofovir, 115, 123 Directed mutagens, 166 Civil defense, 81, 153, 203–205, 219 DM (Adamsite), 30–31 Civilian populations, 1–2, 6–7, 23, 27, DNA chip (biochip), 169, 206 84, 88, 124, 195, 218 Doxycycline, 113–115, 136, 155–156, Ciprofl oxacin, 113–115, 155–156, 214–215, 214–215 230 Dresden (“Dresden effect”), 6, 74, 224 INDEX 233

DTPA (diethylene-triamine-pentacetic acid), Fraser Claire, 160 199, 201, 214, 216 Fusarium, 62, 104 Dugway Proving Ground (Utah, USA), 154 Dumbell (Professor), 118, 171 Gallo Robert, 171 Dupuy Jean-Pierre, 221 Gas, 2–4, 14–15, 20, 24–25, 30–37, 45, 51–52, 69, 80, 91–92, 203–205, Ecocide, 29 208–210 Effects lachrimators, 30 carcinogenic, 194 mustard, 14, 24, 27, 34, 51–52, 57, 69, genetic, 99, 108, 118–119, 126, 130–133, 74, 92 159–174, 194, 220 suffocant, 23, 27 radiomimetic, 35, 62 vesicant, 12, 23, 34, 211 teratogenic, 194 Gas masks, 32–34, 36–37, 39, 52, Einstein Albert, 178 208–210 Ekaterinburg (Sverdlovsk), 97, 154 Gastrointestinal incapacitants, 32 Electromagnetic impulosion, 179 Genetic amplifi cation, 114, 119, 138 Encephalitis, 111–113, 118, 120–121, 128 Genetic engineering, 3, 8, 63, 97, 99, Endogenous porcine retrovirus (PERV), 163 101–102, 113, 118, 133, 144, 157, Enola Gay, 191 159, 165–167, 170–174, 220 Epidemics, 6, 84, 103, 117–118, 128–129, Genetic markers, 156 141, 145, 208, 215, 218 Genetic recombination, 97, 108, 126, Escherich Karl, 14 138, 161 Escherichia coli, 61, 101, 112, 161–162, 164 Genetic sequencing, 99 Euratox (European exercise), 204, 217 Genetic therapy, 168, 170 Glanders, 109 Falluja (site of), 5 GMO (genetically modifi ed organisms), 104 Fentanyl, 91 Goïana (Brazil), 188 Fermi Enrico, 178 Gruinard (island of), 97, 154, 157, Fevers, 97, 110–114 213, 218 aphthous, 103, 208 ebola virus, 4, 101, 103, 108, 110, 114, Haber Fritz Jacob, 14 118, 170 Hahn Otto, 178 equine, 101, 112, 118 Halabja (Iraqi Kurdistan), 15, 28 exanthemous, 110–113 Hablan Hans Heinrich von, 8, 178 hemorrhagic, 4, 60, 62, 97, 101, 103, 108, Halothane, 91 110, 112–115, 136, 172 Hase Albrecht, 14 Lassa, 101, 110, 115, 170 Heavy metals, 12, 162, 181, 195, 199, 201 Marburg virus, 101, 110, 170, 172 chelators, 201 Q, 101, 108–109, 111 Herbicides, 11–12, 15 typhoid and paratyphoid, 100, 103, Hiroshima, 3, 6, 105, 179, 181, 191, 192, 111–113 194–195, 202, 224 yellow, 101, 110, 112–113, 145, 163 Hitler Adolph, 97 Filtering cartridges, 209–211, 214 Hussein Kamel (Lieutenant General), 100 First World War (WWI), 12, 14, 21, 23, Hussein Sadam, 15–18, 61–62, 100 33–34, 51–52, 69, 74, 96, 127, 208 Hybrid, 118, 170–172 Fluoroquinolone, 114 Hydrocyanic acid, 12–14, 27, 45 Francisella tularensis (tularemia agent), 101, Hydroxocobalamin (Cyanokit), 47–49, 214 109, 111, 115 Hypermutability, 166 234 INDEX

Identifi cation, 55, 61, 70, 75, 114, 118, LSD (lysergamide), 31 139, 143, 156, 165, 168, 169, 171, Lopinavir, 143 205, 206, 209 Los Alamos Scientifi c Laboratory, 178, 181, I.G. Farben (company), 14 187, 218 Infl uenza, 3, 62, 99, 103, 108, 125, 129, 132, 136, 142, 147, 215, 227 Mac Veigh (Timothy), 2 Insecticides, 14, 27, 36, 52, 68, 69, Manchuria, 96 102, 163 Manhattan Project, 178 Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Manuguerra Jean-Claude, 141 Safety, 124, 187, 188, 214 Markov Georgi, 20, 27, 60 Interferon, 144, 161 Mass sociogenic pathology, 220 Interleukin-4, 99, 171, 172 Massachusetts Institute of Technology International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) (MIT), 169, 206 177, 185 Matsumoto, 20, 54, 55, 56 International agreements, 1, 5, 11, 16, 20, Mérieux (Institute), 169, 170, 206 29, 51, 68, 93, 133, 145, 170, 189, Methyl isocyanate, 34, 55, 74, 83 206, 223 Missiles, 13, 28, 40, 45, 62, 98, 100, Iran, 13, 23, 27, 60, 69, 95, 98, 100, 118, 102, 179, 181, 183, 184, 186, 208 123, 183, 186, 189 Molecular hybridization, 168, 206 Iraq, 2, 6, 8, 13, 15, 17, 19, 23, 28, 60, 69 Mollaret Henri, 123, 205 Irradiation, 156, 192, 193, 194, 197–201, 213 Monoclonal antibodies, 162, 169, 206 Ishii Shiro (General), 96 Monsanto (company), 15, 104, 162 Ivanovsky (Institute), 118 Mortuaries Moscow theater (Doubrovka), 28, 91 Jackson Ronald, 171 Munition(s), 2, 7, 13, 24, 28, 40, 44, Joliot Frédéric, 45, 83 102, 181, 195,218 Joy Bill, 174, 220 binary, 4, 5, 42, 43 Mycobacterium, 101,164 Kaczynski Theodore, 220 leprae, 164 Kaffa (siege of), 96 tuberculosis, 164 Kamikazi, 2, 8 Mycoplasma genitalium, 160 Kosovo, 2, 182 Mycotoxin, 59, 62, 114 Kowarski Lew, 8, 178 Nagasaki, 179, 191, 194 Laboratory, 5, 47, 55, 117, 118, 122, Naloxone, 28, 91 144, 163, 171, 178, 200, 218, 230 Nanotechnologies, 220, 221 Lacrimator grenade, 29 Nantanz (facility for uranium enrichment), Langemarck (Ypres), 14 184, 185, 189 Launchers, 2, 184 Narcotics, 32 Laurence Livermore National Laboratory, National Institute for Health Surveillance, 206 173, 218 Legionella, 109 Neuroleptics, 27 Lellouche Pierre, 98, 107, 204 Neutrons, 178, 180, 192, 193, 194, 198 Le Monde (newspaper), 19, 123, 136, Nixon Richard, 98 146, 149, 191, 229 NMD (National Missile Defense) Lethal Dose 50% (LD50), 193 Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), 177 Lewisite, 15, 36, 51, 201 North Korea, 13, 95, 98, 118, 183, 185 Listeria monocytogenes, 101 Novossibirsk (site of), 97 INDEX 235

Oklahoma City (USA), 2 Proteins Opiates, 35 illusory, 6, 96, 193 Oppenheimer Robert, 178 recombinant, 162 Oral antibiotics, 394 Proteomics, 160 Orientia tsutsugamushi Prussian blue, 199, 202, 214, 216 Orthomyxoviridae Pseudomonas, 63, 112, 164 Orthopoxvirus, 120 Pyridostigmine, 39, 66, 68 Orwell George Oseltamivir, 129 Quarantine, 120, 120, 123, 133, 134, 145, Oxacillin, 123 146, 148, 150, 151, 229 Oximes, 39, 40, 56 Oxygen therapy, 48, 81 Radiation burns, 197 Radiation Sickness, 192 Pancevo (site of), 5 Radioactive cadmium, 188 Pandemic, 96, 125, 127, 130, 132, 133, Rains 134, 140, 215, 229 red, 62 Parker Janet, 171 yellow, 62 Pasechnik Vladimir, 97 Ramshaw Ian, 171 Pasteur (Institute), 138, 146, 149, 162, Rays 164, 170, 206, 215 alpha, 194, 207 Patriot Act, 173 beta, 194, 207 PCR (polymerase chain reaction), 139, 159 gamma, 198 Pentagon, 2, 5, 17, 180, 181, 186, 189, neutron, 178, 180, 195, 198 208 X, 192, 198 Perfl uoro-isobutene (PFIB), 210 Reactor Pharmaceutical cultures, 162 Dimonu, 184 Phosgene, 27, 32, 33, 34, 51 Osirak (or Tanmuz) for research Phytoremediation, 162 Yongbyon, 185 Piratox plan, 76 Required protection Plague, 96, 97, 99, 103, 108, 109, 110, 112, Research 113, 114, 136, 145, 165, 166, 169, 205, defensive, 5, 217, 218 217, 218 offensive, 5, 8, 97, 117, 153, 154, 217, 218 Plutonium, 178, 179, 181, 184, 185, 186, Respirator, 51, 56, 79, 80, 81 188, 189, 191, 195, 201 Restrictive enzymes, 159 Pneumocystis carinii, 143 Ribavirin, 115, 143 Poison Centers, 85, 87, 88, 89 Ricin, 12, 19, 20, 27, 32, 55, 59, 60 Potassium iodide (stable iodine), 201, Ricin oil, 59, 60 215, 216 Rickettsia, 101, 110 Powdered gloves, 35 Rimantadine, 115, 129 Powell Colin, 16 RNA disruptors, 160 Poxviridae, 120 Rocky Flats (site of), 187, 218 Principle Roosevelt Franklin, 178 called the “fi rst strike, 190 Rumsfeld Donald, 4, 17 precautionary, 123, 146 Probe for synthetic DNA, 169 Salmonelloses, 101, 113 Project Coast SALT agreements, 177 Project “Enzyme”, 97 Sandia National Laboratories, 212 ProMED network, 136, 144, 207 San José (Panamanian island), 213, 218 236 INDEX

Sarin (organophosphate neurotoxicant), 12, Tabun (organophosphate neurotoxicant), 12, 13, 20, 24, 28 13, 14, 36–40, 47, 68, 163, 205, 211, SARS, see Atypical pneumonia 214, 215 Saxitoxin, 59 Tuha Rihab, 15 Schrader Gerhard, 14 Taji (Iraqi site), 5, 18 SCBA (Self-Contained Breathing TCDD (tetrachlorodibenzodioxin), 12, 15 Apparatus), 210, 211 Technology transfer, 14 SCRPI (Central Service for Protection Teratogenesis, 35 against Ionizing Radiation) Terrorism, 19, 23, 28, 40, 43, 45 Scud, 2, 13, 16, 28, 102, 183 Thallium, 12, 20, 83 Second World War (WWII), 181, 218 The Hague (site of), 23 SGDN (Secretary General for National Three Mile Island, 187 Defense), 203, 205 TIGR (The Institute for Genome Research), Sellafi eld (site of), 186 156 Sentinal networks, 128 Tokyo, 2, 20, 22, 28, 39, 40, 54, 55, 57, 85, Serbia, 5, 6, 7 160, 172, 204 Serratia marcesens, 99 Topoff 1 and 2 (exercises), 98, 125, 205, Shigellosis, 101 216 Shower, 56, 75, 86, 197 Toxins Sicard Didier, 140, 146 botulinum, 1, 11, 12, 13, 19, 20, 27, 59, Silica (silicon dioxide), 154 60, 61, 63, 205, 208 Skin protection, 21, 210, 211, 214 Tranquillizers (benzodiazepines), 32 Smith Hamilton, 159, 160 Treaty for Total Prohibition of Testing, 189 Soman (organophosphate neurotoxicant), Triage, 57, 75, 76, 78, 81, 85, 204, 212 12, 13, 14, 36, 43, 47 Trichothecenes, 12, 62 Sommade Christian, 155, 202, 204, 216, Trinitrotoluene (TNT), 179, 181 217, 219 Truman Harry, 178 South Africa, 95, 111 Tularemia, 97, 101, 108, 109, 111, 113, 114, Southern Edwin, 168 166 Spongiform encephalitis, 208 Tuwaitha (site of), 5, 182 Staphylococcal enterotoxin, 12, 59, 63, 114 Typhus, 101, 110–113 Staphylococcus aureus, 62, 167 START Agreements Undressing, 86, 114, 211, 212 Stepnogorsk (complex of), 97 Unit 731, 96–98 Stockpiles (medications, oxygen), 84, 215 Uranium Strassmann V, 178 235 (U 235), 178, 179, 187 Strontium, 188, 189 depleted, 7, 67, 178, 181, 195 Suffocating agents (sternutators), 23, 27 USAMRIID (United States Army Medical Sukoi (Russian attack aircraft), 102 Research Institute of Infectious Supplied air respirators, 210, 211 Diseases), 98, 154, 172 Surgical strikes, 5, 6 USSR, 24, 52, 97, 98, 100, 117, 118, 151, Sverdlovsk (Ekaterinburg, Urals), 97, 154 166, 177, 179, 182, 184, 188, 189, 218 Syndrome of Brooks, 30 Vaccine central, 38, 39 recombinant, 113 Gulf war, 28, 39 smallpox, 123, 214, 215 muscarinic, 38 Variola, 1, 96, 99, 101, 115, 117–119, 160 nicotinic, 38, 68 Vektor (research center), 97, 98, 118, 172 INDEX 237

Venter Craig, 160, 164 conventional, 1–3, 5, 74, 92, 183, 185 Vesicants, 12, 13, 34, 205 defoliants, 7, 11, 15, 23, 27, 29, 181 Vibrio cholerae (cholera agent), 101, fusion, 179 112, 115, 164 low-yield nuclear, 188 Vigipirate (plan), 186, 208 particle beams, 5 Virus special, 1 DNA, 118, 119, 126 strategic or anti-city, 3, 21, 105, RNA, 126, 138, 141, 160 177, 184 Poliomyelitis, 118, 160, 163, 165, 172 tactical or anti-troops, 3, 21, 104, 105, Yellow fever, 101, 110, 112, 113, 145, 163 181, 183, 184, 189, 202 Vosrozhdenje (island in the Aral Sea), 97, thermonuculear, 179 218 Whole-body gamma scanning, 194 VX (organophosphate neurotoxicant), 12, 13, Wimmer Eckard, 165 25, 37, 39, 43, 212 Windscale (reclamation facility), 187

War Yeltsin Boris, 97–98 Balkans, 104 Yersinia pestis (plague agent), 96, 101, Gulf (of 1991), 6, 15, 65, 100, 157, 181 103, 109, 115, 164, 166, 217 Iran-Iraq, 24, 27, 74, 100 Yongbyon (North Korea), 5, 185, 189 preventive, 7 Ypérite (mustard gas), 34 Vietnam, 4, 7, 15, 24, 27, 69 Ypres, 14, 27, 34 Weapons against crops, 103 Zanamivir, 115, 129 against livestock, 103 Zirconium-95, 182 bacterio-ethnic, 165 Zyklon-B (methyl cyanoformate), 15