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The Economics of the Nord Stream Pipeline System
The Economics of the Nord Stream Pipeline System Chi Kong Chyong, Pierre Noël and David M. Reiner September 2010 CWPE 1051 & EPRG 1026 The Economics of the Nord Stream Pipeline System EPRG Working Paper 1026 Cambridge Working Paper in Economics 1051 Chi Kong Chyong, Pierre Noёl and David M. Reiner Abstract We calculate the total cost of building Nord Stream and compare its levelised unit transportation cost with the existing options to transport Russian gas to western Europe. We find that the unit cost of shipping through Nord Stream is clearly lower than using the Ukrainian route and is only slightly above shipping through the Yamal-Europe pipeline. Using a large-scale gas simulation model we find a positive economic value for Nord Stream under various scenarios of demand for Russian gas in Europe. We disaggregate the value of Nord Stream into project economics (cost advantage), strategic value (impact on Ukraine’s transit fee) and security of supply value (insurance against disruption of the Ukrainian transit corridor). The economic fundamentals account for the bulk of Nord Stream’s positive value in all our scenarios. Keywords Nord Stream, Russia, Europe, Ukraine, Natural gas, Pipeline, Gazprom JEL Classification L95, H43, C63 Contact [email protected] Publication September 2010 EPRG WORKING PAPER Financial Support ESRC TSEC 3 www.eprg.group.cam.ac.uk The Economics of the Nord Stream Pipeline System1 Chi Kong Chyong* Electricity Policy Research Group (EPRG), Judge Business School, University of Cambridge (PhD Candidate) Pierre Noёl EPRG, Judge Business School, University of Cambridge David M. Reiner EPRG, Judge Business School, University of Cambridge 1. -
2021 Half-Year Report - N.V
2021 half-year report - N.V. Nederlandse Gasunie 2021 half-year report Partner 1 2021 half-year report - N.V. Nederlandse Gasunie Index Management summary 3 Timeline 3 D I R E C T O R S ’ R E P O R T 01 Gasunie profile 9 02 Mission, vision and strategy 11 03 Recent developments 12 04 Risk management 19 S T A T E M E N T O F T H E E X E C U T I VE B O A R D 05 Statement of the Executive Board 21 H A L F - Y E A R R E P O R T 06 Consolidated half-year report 23 07 Signature 45 R E VI E W R E P O R T 08 Review report 47 09 Disclaimer 48 2 2021 half-year report - N.V. Nederlandse Gasunie Management summary Timeline January In 2021 and early 2022, Gasunie Deutschland will, as part of Germany’s phasing out of coal, build a natural gas pipeline to the Volkswagen plant in Wolfsburg, enabling the car manufacturer to cut its carbon emissions by 1.5 megatonnes per year. The impact on the natural surroundings along the 30km stretch of pipeline will be offset as much as possible. Trees felled will be replaced by new greenery. Bird and bat boxes have already been installed. In partnership with the city of Wolfsburg, new bodies of water have been created for amphibians. February In the second week of the month, it was remarkably cold in north-western Europe. Below ground, however, gas transport continued as normal. -
Former President International Gas Union 2003-2006
Former President International Gas Union 2003-2006 George H.B. Verberg George H.B. Verberg was born on September 2, 1942 in Batavia (former Dutch East Indies). After primary school in Medan (Indonesia) and secondary school in the Netherlands, he read General Economics at the Netherlands School of Economics of the Erasmus University, Rotterdam, graduating with distinction in 1970. He spent 1970/1971 in the United States, studying at M.I.T. and the University of California at Berkeley. Mr. Verberg joined the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science in May 1971. In March 1974 he joined the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs and held subsequently the positions of General Economic Policy Director, Director-General for Trade, Industry and Services and during 1982-1988 Director-General for Energy. Mr. Verberg joined N.V. Nederlandse Gasunie on January 1, 1988 and was appointed Commercial Managing Director with effect from January 1, 1989. From May 1992 till July 2004 he was Gasunie’s CEO. He also served two periods as President of EUROGAS. Mr. Verberg was appointed President of the International Gas Union on June 1, 2003 for the triennium 2003 – 2006 and President of the World Gas Conference 2006 in Amsterdam. February 2007 – January 2009 he served as President of the Energy Delta Institute (EDI) in Groningen. EDI was founded in 2002 – a cooperative agreement between N.V. Nederlandse Gasunie, GasTerra, OAO Gazprom and Groningen University, joined by Shell in 2006 and by RWE in 2007. EDI aims to educate the energy industry’s current and future managers. Therefore EDI coordinates knowledge projects and organizes training programmes with a focus on economic, social, managerial and geopolitical aspects of the gas value chain. -
Nord Stream Delivers Gas to Lubmin
European gas grid gas European gas from Nord Stream is delivered to the the to delivered is Stream Nord from gas At the landfall facility in Lubmin, Germany, Germany, Lubmin, in facility landfall the At LUBMIN HEATH: European Mainland European High Tech AN ENERGY SITE A Connecting Nord the at Arrives Natural Gas Gas Natural for Quality In the context of the energy Hub on the strategy 2020 of Mecklenburg- Stream and Safety Western Pomerania, Lubmin developed into an energy hub German Coast with a range of energy sources Delivers More than 167 million standard cubic metres feeding electricity into the German (later: cubic metres) of natural gas can be distribution grid. The Lubmin landfall The Bovanenkovo oil and gas gas transport systems. Currently, condensate deposit is the main up to 36 billion cubic metres of processed in the receiving station in Lubmin facility is the logistical natural gas base for the Nord gas can flow through the OPAL every day. A sophisticated series of valves, filters, link between the Nord Gas to Lubmin DISMANTLING AND Stream Pipeline. Discovered and pipeline annually. This amount preheating, measuring and control facilities Stream Pipeline and CONSTRUCTION estimated gas reserves amount is enough to supply a third of ensure that the gas is of top quality, and the right the European gas to 4.9 trillion cubic meters which Germany with natural gas for a quantities are flowing to the connecting pipelines distribution grid. The makes the Bovanenkovo field a year. The pipeline runs south at the right pressure and temperature. In 1995, the Nord nuclear power natural gas that arrives reliable source of natural gas for from Lubmin to Brandov, in the plant in Lubmin was shut down. -
Landfall: the Starting Point of the Pipelines
from the Russian gas transportation system transportation gas Russian the from into the Nord Stream offshore pipelines pipelines offshore Stream Nord the into In Portovaya Bay, near Vyborg, gas is fed fed is gas Vyborg, near Bay, Portovaya In VYBORG – the Russian Coast Russian the Safe Operations Landfall: A TOWN AT A Connecting Hub Begins on on Begins THE CROSSROADS Gas Transport Transport Gas Start at The Starting Point OF CULTURES on the Russian Coast Portovaya Bay Vyborg is a Russian city with a 700-year history that still bears The Landfall facility through up to date diagnostics, adjusted in terms of pressure of the Pipelines the hallmarks of old Europe. Its maintenance and repair tech- and volume as well as temper- The initial section of the Nord Stream Pipelines on at Portovaya Bay in the Russian shore is vitally important to the safe narrow winding paved streets niques. The UGSS of Russia is ature, before being transported with low buildings and summer Russia is the logistical controlled round-the-clock by further. The OPAL pipeline links operation of the entire gas transport system. In cafés as well as its medieval link between the Uni- Gazprom’s Central Operations Nord Stream with the existing order to transport gas over a distance of 1,224 kilo- monuments create a special fied Gas Transport Sys- and Dispatching Department, European natural gas transport metres, a powerful compressor station is needed cosy atmosphere the year tem of Russia and the which ensures uninterrupted systems. It is capable of trans- to build sufficient pressure of nearly 220 bar. -
Pigging Test Loops Safeguarding Life, Property and the Environment © Scanpix
ISSUE 14 DECEMBER 2012 In-line with success: pigging test loops Safeguarding life, property and the environment © Scanpix ™ As the focus on pipeline safety increases, stricter regulations Synergi demand better solutions for integrity management. The pipeline landscape is tough. Vermeer is tougher. Pipeline Do you have control? In addition to full compliance, operators are also seeing the benefits of Responsible and systems that increase efficiency and extend the lifetime of ageing assets. Synergi Pipeline is a company-wide risk and integrity management system efficient integrity that improves pipeline safety and reliability, maximises availability and Vermeer is equipped to see you through from start to finish with the products and experience you need. extends operational lifetime. It features support for international codes, Choose from a range of powerful horizontal and tub grinders, and track trenchers. Break through with a full management extensive risk assessment capabilities, coupled with tools to support the lineup of horizontal directional drills and accessories, including maxi rigs, reclaimers and high-pressure mud pumps, entire integrity and risk management process. as well as the tooling you need to tackle challenging subterrain. And it’s all backed by unmatched Vermeer dealer support that’s onsite when you need it. Learn how you can benefit from using Synergi Pipeline. VERMEER.COM Vermeer and the Vermeer logo are trademarks of Vermeer Manufacturing Company in the United States and/or other countries. © 2012 Vermeer Corporation. -
2020 Half-Year Report Index
2020 half-year report Index 1.. K.ey . fig.ure. s . .3 . 2.. F.ina. nc.ial. re.sul.ts . .5 . 3.. P.rof.ile. .9 . 4. R. ec.en.t d.eve.lo.pm.en.ts . 1.1 . 5. O. th.er . de.vel.op.me.nt.s . 16. 6. R. es.ult.s fo. r t.he. fir.st .hal.f-y.ea.r of. 20.20. 1.9 . 7.. R.isk. m.an.ag.em.en.t . 2.2 . 8. S.ta.tem. en. t o. f t.he. Ex.ecu. ti.ve .Boa. rd. 2.4 . 9. 2.02.0 c.on.sol.ida. te.d in. te.rim. fi.na.nc.ial . sta.te.me.nt.s . 2.6 . .Con. de. ns.ed. co.ns.olid. at.ed. sta. te.me.nt. of. fin.an.cia.l p.osi.tio.n a. s a.t 3.0 J.un.e 2.020. 2.7 . .Con. de. ns.ed. co.ns.olid. at.ed. sta. te.me.nt. of. pro. fit. an. d .los.s . 2.9 . .Con. so.lid.at.ed .sta.tem. e.nt .of .com. p.reh. en.siv.e i.nc.om.e . 3.0 . .Con. so.lid.at.ed .sta.tem. e.nt .of .cha. ng. es. in. eq.uit.y . .31 . .Con. de. ns.ed. co.ns.olid. at.ed. sta. te.me.nt. of. ca.sh .flo.ws. 3.2 . .No.tes. to. th.e 2.02.0 c.on.sol.ida.te.d in. te.rim. fi.na.nci.al .sta.tem. -
Energy Delta Institute
Energy Delta Institute Building Knowledge Hubs around the world by Robert Badoux & Wim Mallon Mission - vision EDI • Support organisations around the world to obtain knowledge and skills for the development of an economically viable gas market and a sustainable gas industry through an international network of knowledge institutes • An international acknowledged business school and research centre for the gas business. A top class institute recognised as the cradle for Gas in a changing world toward sustainable energy Objectives • Promote gas as the preferred fuel for the next decennia in transition towards sustainable energy • Steer and conduct strategic Research and Development in areas impacting the gas value chain • Facilitate the flow and exchange of knowledge in matters related to the gas value chain through – a network among knowledge centres, – publications, workshops and conferences – training and development programme’s • Provide advice to stakeholders on the gas value chain and the environment in which it is embedded The Netherlands: knowledge centre for natural gas Vast technical expertise on gas transport, gas usage Groningen gas field: driving force for development of W. European gas SOS ! market Security of supply: top priority 20 € ct/m3 Four decades of experience in gas marketing, gas pricing Truly liberalised energy market EDI supported by Gazprom Strategic alliance between Gazprom and Gasunie Sharing the knowledge of both companies Strong commitment Gasunie ? Alliance with Science! Business International Academic Experience -
Gasunie Jaarverslag NL-Web.Indd
TransportTransport Insight Insight 2010 2010 An annual behind -the- scenes view in North West European gas transmission A publication of Gasunie Transport Services A publication of Gasunie Transport Services Gasunie Transport Services Content Foreword 3 1 Introduction 5 2 Gas transmission in 2009 7 2.1 Infrastructure developments 7 2.2 Quality conversion 7 2.3 Developments in EU policy concerning gas transmission 7 2.4 Gas balance in the Netherlands 9 3 Utilisation of the Gasunie grid in 2009 11 3.1 Network clusters 11 3.2 General picture 12 3.3 Emden/Oude Statenzijl cluster 13 3.4 Entry-Exit Emden-Oude Statenzijl Dutch H-gas Cluster 14 3.5 Entry-Exit Emden-Oude Statenzijl German H-gas Cluster 17 3.6 Exit Emden-Oude Statenzijl Dutch L-gas Cluster 19 3.7 Entry Emden-Oude Statenzijl German L-gas Cluster 21 3.8 Entry Ellund H-gas Cluster 23 3.9 Exit Drohne L-gas Cluster 25 3.10 Exit Winterswijk-Zevenaar L-gas Cluster 2009 27 3.11 Exit Zuid-Limburg H-gas Cluster 29 3.12 Exit Hilvarenbeek L-gas Cluster 2009 31 3.13 Entry Zelzate H-gas Cluster 33 3.14 Exit Julianadorp H-gas Cluster 37 3.15 Exit Other Border Points L and H-gas 39 4 Themes 41 Theme 1 Market areas and gas hubs in the Gasunie zone 41 Theme 2 Investments in European gas transmission infrastructure 46 Appendix 1.1 48 Appendix 1.2 50 Appendix 2 51 - 2 - Transport Insight 2010 Foreword As a gas transmission network operator with a cross-border network, it gives us great pleasure to present you with this third edition of Transport Insight. -
From South Stream to Turk Stream
FROM SOUTH STREAM TO TURK STREAM PROSPECTS FOR REROUTING OPTIONS AND FLOWS OF RUSSIAN GAS TO PARTS OF EUROPE AND TURKEY LUCA FRANZA VISITING ADDRESS POSTAL ADDRESS Clingendael 12 P.O. Box 93080 TEL +31 (0)70 - 374 67 00 2597 VH The Hague 2509 AB The Hague www.clingendaelenergy.com The Netherlands The Netherlands [email protected] CIEP PAPER 2015 | 05 CIEP is affiliated to the Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’. CIEP acts as an independent forum for governments, non-governmental organizations, the private sector, media, politicians and all others interested in changes and developments in the energy sector. CIEP organizes lectures, seminars, conferences and roundtable discussions. In addition, CIEP members of staff lecture in a variety of courses and training programmes. CIEP’s research, training and activities focus on two themes: • European energy market developments and policy-making; • Geopolitics of energy policy-making and energy markets CIEP is endorsed by the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs, the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment, BP Europe SE- BP Nederland, Coöperatieve Centrale Raiffeisen-Boerenleenbank B.A. ('Rabobank'), Delta N.V., GDF SUEZ Energie Nederland N.V., GDF SUEZ E&P Nederland B.V., Eneco, EBN B.V., Essent N.V., Esso Nederland B.V., GasTerra B.V., N.V. Nederlandse Gasunie, Heerema Marine Contractors Nederland B.V., ING Commercial Banking, Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij B.V., N.V. NUON Energy, TenneT TSO B.V., Oranje-Nassau Energie B.V., Havenbedrijf Rotterdam N.V., Shell Nederland B.V., TAQA Energy B.V.,Total E&P Nederland B.V., Koninklijke Vopak N.V. -
Marcel Kramer
Company profile Marcel Kramer About Gasunie Chairman of the Executive Board and CEO Gasunie is a European gas infrastructure company. Our network ranks among the largest high pressure gas pipeline grids in Europe, consisting of over 15,000 kilometres of pipeline in the Netherlands and northern Germany, dozens of installations and approximately 1,300 gas receiving stations. Annual gas throughput totals approximately 125 billion cubic metres. We serve the public interest in the markets in which we are active and work to create value for our stakeholders. Gasunie is the first independent gas transport provider with a cross-border network in Europe. We offer transport services via our subsidiaries Gas Transport Services B.V. (GTS) in the Netherlands and Gasunie Deutschland GmbH in Germany. We also Marcel Kramer was appointed Chairman of the Executive Board and offer other services in the gas infrastructure field, Chief Executive Officer of Gasunie on 1 July 2005. On that day, including gas storage and LNG. We consider the Gasunie became a natural gas transport, infrastructure and services wishes of our customers to be of prime importance. company. Mr Kramer joined Gasunie in 2003 as Managing Director of We aim for the highest standards in safety, reliability, the Technology & Assets Division. efficiency and sustainability. Due to the reliability and strategic location of the Gasunie transport network in From 1992 to 2003, Mr Kramer held various positions with Statoil. He relation to expanding international gas flows, Gasunie was posted to Norway (General Manager, Supply and Shipping is growing to become the 'Gas Roundabout' of Division), to Bangkok (Managing Director, Statoil Thailand), to northwest Europe. -
The OPAL Exemption Decision: Past, Present, and Future
January 2017 The OPAL Exemption Decision: past, present, and future OIES PAPER: NG 117 Katja Yafimava The contents of this paper are the author’s sole responsibility. They do not necessarily represent the views of the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies or any of its members. Copyright © 2017 Oxford Institute for Energy Studies (Registered Charity, No. 286084) This publication may be reproduced in part for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgment of the source is made. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. ISBN 978-1-78467-077-1 ii January 2017: The OPAL Exemption Decision: past, present, and future Preface To the casual gas reader, the dispute over the use of OPAL pipeline capacity is an issue for regulatory experts. But nearly eight years after the first regulatory decision and more than five years after the pipeline started operating it seems extraordinary that the share of capacity that Gazprom can use (if not required by other parties) remains unresolved. Indeed as we entered 2017, the controversy became even greater with the Commission being sued by a member state for having attempted to resolve this long-running problem causing the case to be referred to the European Court of Justice (CJEU). How and why we arrived at this point are the questions Katja Yafimava’s paper is designed to answer. Few of us, if we have only followed the headlines of the OPAL story, will have appreciated the complexity of the (competition and energy) regulatory issues, and in particular the impact of the evolving capacity allocation framework and development of capacity auction platforms, on the different options for resolving the dispute.