Patented Sept. 21, 1926. 1,600,340 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. WILLIAM HOFFMAN KOBBE, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR. To TEXAS GULF SUL PHUR COMPANY, OF BAY CITY, TEXAS, A CORPORATION OF TEXAs. SEANPOO CONEPOSITION. No Drawing. Application filed April 3, 1924. Serial No. 703,977. This invention relates to shampoo com liquid above is decanted. Hereinafter this positions and has for its object the provision combination of sulfur in oil is referred to of an improved shampoo composition. as a solution of sulfur in oil, or simply as Many oils are well known to possess cer the solution. 5 tain advantages in the treatment of various In employing the oil-sulfur solution as a 60 skin diseases, and particularly diseases of shampoo composition, the hair is first well the scalp. Oils which may be advantage saturated with it. Then soap and water are ously employed for this purpose are olive added and the various constituents inti oil, cocoanut oil, crude oil, tar oil, and pine mately mixed by rubbing in the usual man 10 oil, and other vegetable and animal oils. ner So as to form a lather. This process 65 The beneficial effects of sulfur alone when emulsifies the constituents. Water, not be used in treating such diseases are also recog ing a solvent of sulfur, acts as a diluent of nized. It is difficult, however, to apply sul the oil and so modifies its ability to hold fur to the scalp in an effective manner be the sulfur in solution that at least a portion 15 cause in order to be really effective the sul of the sulfur is immediately precipitated as 70 fur should be so applied that it can be read a very fine white colloid. I have found that ily absorbed within the pores of the skin. the Soap acts as a stabilizer, protector, or The efficacy of ordinary sulfur is impaired dispersing agent for the colloidal sulfur thus by the reason that it is itself not readily ab formed. Hence, the sulfur remains in col 20 sorbed or dissolved by the moisture of the loidal condition while it is being distributed 75 skin; and there are few solvents of sulfur by the rubbing action throughout the whole that are not objectionable either because mass of hair and in this condition penetrates they will not dissolve a sufficient amount of the pores and the epidermis itself through sulfur, or because they themselves have a out every portion of the scalp. Under these 25 detrimental effect upon the skin which more conditions the sulfur is readily absorbed 80 than offsets the beneficial advantage of the by the scalp. Moreover, the presence of the sulfur. When, however, sulfur in colloidal protective colloid in the form of soap gives condition is employed, it penetrates and is sufficient stability to the colloidal solution readily absorbed by the pores, and by the of the sulfur so that it is not readily re 30 appropriate preparation of colloidal sulfur moved by the subsequent washing of the 85 a means is afforded for readily increasing scalp, but remains in the pores, not only for the sulfur content of the skin. By treating relatively long periods of time, but also in the scalp with colloidal sulfur it is possible an ideal condition to make it physiologically to increase the penetration of the sulfur effective. 35 into the scalp by several thousand per cent as In order to determine the action of the 90 compared with the penetration of ordinary soap as a stabilizer or protector for the col powdered sulfur. loidal sulfur, I emulsified 20 gms. of the I have discovered that an extremely effec sulfur-olive-oil solution above described in tive shampoo composition can be made by a hot solution of 2 gms. of castile soap in 40 mixing sulfur with an oil such as above re 100 gms. of water, and then examined under G5 ferred to in such manner that the advan the ultramicroscope the warm fluid beneath tageous effects of colloidal sulfur and the the surface layer. Pure olive oil was also inherent beneficial properties of the oil it examined in the same way. This compari self are preserved. son showed that the emulsified fluid contain In preparing my improved shampoo com ing sulfur was very much richer in ultra- OD position, a quantity of refined and finely microns than the pure olive oil, indicating powdered sulfur is introduced into a quan that after the addition of the soap solution tity of oil, such, for example, as olive oil. the sulfur is in true colloidal state. I be These are well mixed together and allowed lieve that when the sulfurized oil is used in 50 to stand for approximately three hours. At a soap shampoo, the sulfur is thrown out in 305 ordinary temperatures somewhat over 2% the colloidal state, and should remain in this by weight of sulfur is brought into solution state for a long time because of the protec in a stable condition with the oil, that is, tive action of the soap. into true solution there with. The excess In order to prepare a shampoo composi sulfur is then allowed to settle and the clear tion which is complete in itself and ready il.0 2 1,600,840 for immediate use without the separate ad a warm saturated sulfur-oil solution may be dition of soap, I may add to the 2% sulfur employed to advantage whereby a relatively oil solution above described a quantity of large amount of sulfur in colloidal condition soap, preferably in the form of tincture may be applied to the scalp. The method of green or mercurial soap. The quan of application in this instance is the same as 0. tity of soap necessary is much less than above described except for the fact that the the quantity of the sulfur-oil solution. sulfur-oil shampoo is applied warm, say, for There is preferably just enough soap add Sple, at a temperature of about 50° or ed to cause the emulsification of the in 60° C. O gredients when they are worked into a In order to illustrate the method of carry lather in applying them to the scalp. The ing out the invention, the following spécific amount of soap tincture may vary from examples are given: about 10% to about 50% by volume when Eacample No. 1.--To 500 gms. of pure using a tincture containing about 83% olive oil at a temperature of 15° C., a rela 5 alcohol. tively large quantity (about 100 gms.) of 80 When the soap, say, in the form of tinc pure refined and finely powdered sulfur are ture of green soap, is added to the sulfur-oil added. The sulfur and oil are intimately solution, the sulfur is not precipitated from mixed by mechanical stirring for about two the solution in colloidal condition even after minutes. After this, the mixture is allowed 20 thorough shaking of the container. These to stand for about three hours. At the end 85 two constituents have a tendency to separate of this time the excess of sulfur will have from one another, and even after thorough settled to the bottom of the container leav shaking the sulfur-oil solution will tend to ing a clear or relatively clear sulfur-oil so rise to the surface of the soap. Such a sham lution above it. This solution is then de 25 poo must be shaken thoroughly prior to its canted and bottled ready for use. 90 application to the scalp. It is entirely prac Eacample No. 2.-To100 cc. of the solu tical, however, by proper manipulation, to tion prepared as described in example No. 1, mix these constituents so as to form a sham about 15 cc. of tincture of green soap con poo composition having a creamy consist taining 33% alcohol are added. This con 30 ency throughout, but in which, however, the stitutes a liquid shampoo composition which 95 sulfur will still remain in solution in the is ready for immediate use without the addi oil. Such a consistency is to be preferred, tion of soap. as it is somewhat more convenient to use. My invention brings about the formation When the constituents of either of these of colloidal sulfur from a solution of sulfur 35 complete compositions just mentioned are at the time and place of use of the improved 100 emulsified by the thorough and intimate composition as a shampoo, the reason for mixing and rubbing process upon the Scalp this procedure being that sulfur in the col with water, however, the sulfur is precipi loidal state is unstable, and it is difficult to tated in colloidal condition by the water and maintain it in this state without the use of this condition is rendered stable by the pres protective colloids that are unfitted to use OS ence of the soap. The sulfur is thus applied on the scalp and which furthermore are un to the scalp in colloidal condition as before, certain in their stabilizing properties. and the same beneficial advantages to the claim:- scalp are to be found as with the plain sul 1. A liquid shampoo composition com fur-oil solution, with the added advantage prising a solution of sulfur in oil and a O that these forms of the improved shampoo sufficient amount of soap to assist the emul composition are more convenient to use. sification of the oil and precipitation of sul It was mentioned above that at ordinary fur in colloidal condition upon the addition temperatures oil, such as olive oil, will dis of water thereto. SO solve somewhat over 2% by weight of finely 2. A liquid shampoo composition compris s divided sulfur. Thus, at 15° C. I have ing oil, sulfur, and soap. found that 100gms. of pure olive oil will 3. A liquid shampoo composition compris dissolve approximately 22 gms. of sulfur. ing oil having approximately 2% by weight At higher temperatures, the oil will dissolve of sulfur dissolved therein, and containing very much greater quantities of sulfur. For Soap. 20 example, at 130° C. I have found that 100 4. A liquid shampoo composition compris gms. of pure olive oil will dissolve as much ing oil containing approximately 2% by as 30 gms. of sulfur. At intermediate tem weight of sulfur in solution therein, and peratures corresponding amounts of sulfur from 10 to 50% by volume of tincture of are soluble in the oil. However, when a sat Soap. 2. urated, or super-saturated solution is made 5. A liquid shampoo composition compris in this manner, the excess sulfur reprecipi ing olive oil containing approximately 2% tates in solid form when the solution is by weight of sulfur in solution therein, and cooled. Nevertheless, if it is desired to treat from 10 to 50% by volume of tincture of the scalp with an excess amount of sulfur, green Soap. O 1,600,340 3 6. A liquid shampoo composition compris ing a true solution of sulfur in oil, said sul ing a true solution of sulfur in oil and adapt fur being precipitated in stable colloidal ed when rubbed into the scalp in the pres condition when emulsified with water and ence of water to precipitate said sulfur in SOap. 5 5 colloidal form. 9. A liquid shampoo composition compris 7. A liquid shampoo composition compris ing a trlie solution of sulfur in olive oil, said ing a true solution of sulfur in olive oil and sulfur being precipitated in stable colloidal adapted when rubbed into the scalp in the condition when emulsified with water and presence of water to precipitate said sulfur SOap. 20 ; : in colloidal form. In testimony whereof I affix my signature. 8. A liquid shampoo composition compris WILLIAM HOFFMAN KOBBE.