Depauw University Department of Political Science Conflict and Cooperation in the Post-September 11Th World POLS 450A Sunil K. S

Home , Kaushik Basu

Conflict and Cooperation in the Post-September 11th World POLS 450A, Fall 2017 ______DePauw University Department of Political Science Conflict and Cooperation in the Post-September 11th World

POLS 450A Sunil K. Sahu [email protected] Fall 2017 Asbury 108A TTh 2:20-3:50 Hours: M 2:00-4:00, TTh 4:00-5:00 and by appointment Asbury 110 Web site: http://fs6.depauw.edu:50080/~sahus/

SYLLABUS

A Short Description

This seminar has two broad objectives:

First, it will provide an in-depth understanding of the nature of cooperation and conflict in the post-9/11 world by focusing on selected topics in three broad areas: security, economic, and institutional and transnational issues. The seminar will focus on (a) the changing nature of international order in the wake of President Trump’s America First policy and his administration’s departure from American commitment to global leadership in the last seven decades and (b) the effectiveness of America’s counterterrorism efforts since 9/11.

Second, it will provide an opportunity to each one of you to learn about how to (a) write a good review essay, (b) formulate a research question in international relations, (c) do in-depth research, including data collection, (d) write the first draft of a paper, and (e) produce a well-argued and properly-documented thesis. I will provide guidance and feedback to you at each step of the way—from topic selection to writing an outline, to data collection and formulation of an argument and thesis statement. It will be an involved process different from anything you have experienced in other political science courses.

Format and Requirements of the Seminar

The seminar will meet twice a week, Tuesday and Thursday at 2:20-3:50. I will assume your familiarity with the basics of international relations since you have taken POLS 170 and other 200- and 300-level courses in political science. However, I may refresh your memory, if needed, about basic concepts and history of international relations since World War II.

Prepared class participation is expected of all of you. I will expect you to come to the class prepared, having finished all the required readings and with your critical thoughts on the readings for class discussion. Usually I will introduce the topic and provide a broad framework for class discussion, which will be followed by one or more student presentations on the assigned readings. In your presentation you are expected to provide a critical evaluation of the major points/arguments in the readings. I will keep class discussion focused on the topic of the day and clarify the readings where necessary. Toward the end of the class I will restate the major points arising out of the readings and discussion, and their significance for the seminar.

You are expected to attend all class meetings during the semester. Your absence from class--even once-- will affect your grade unless there is an emergency. Since all the members of this class are seniors, I expect you to be responsible and self-motivated.

There will be no exams in this class. You are expected to write a 25-page research paper, due on December 8, the last day of classes. The topic of your paper must be chosen, in consultation with the instructor, before September 14. Your paper outline (title, main argument and important sources) will be due on September 26 and the short paper (5 pages) on October 10. You will present the findings of your preliminary research in class during the last 2 weeks of the semester. (More about this in the August 24 organizational meeting.) Also, you will be

1 Conflict and Cooperation in the Post-September 11th World POLS 450A, Fall 2017 ______responsible for leading class discussions at least two times during the semester and write two reading response essays. The reading response essays will provide a critical analysis (not a simple summary) of the readings and will be due one week after the oral presentation. Please note that you are required to write only two response essays regardless of the number of class presentations you might give.

The term paper will carry 40% (30% final paper and 10% short paper) and the reading response essays 20% toward your final grade. The remaining 40% of your grade will be based on (i) presentation of required readings (20%), (ii) class participation (10%), (iii) presentation of research paper (5%), and (iv) outline of the paper (5%).

Course Requirements

1. Seminar Paper 30% 2. Short Paper 10% 3. Paper Outline 5% 4. Reading Response Essay 1 10% 5. Reading Response Essay 2 10% 6. Presentation of Required Readings 1 10% 7. Presentation of Required Readings 2 10% 8. Presentation of Research Paper 5% 9. Overall Class Participation 10%

______

Total: 100%

Important Dates

September14 Paper topic approval deadline September 26 Paper outline due October 10 Short paper due One week after class presentation Reading Response Essay 1 due in class One week after class presentation Reading Response Essay 2 due in class December 8 Seminar Paper due in my office at 10:00 a.m.

Academic Integrity. I will follow the university policy on academic integrity and plagiarism, as stated in the Student Handbook.

Academic Integrity

Academic integrity refers to the ethical standards and policies that govern how people work and interact in the academic enterprise at a college or university. These standards and policies attempt to do more than define and condemn what is wrong or unethical; they also attempt to provide a foundation for the mutual trust and individual responsibility necessary in a healthy academic community.

Both faculty members and students have the responsibility of upholding the principles of academic integrity. Faculty and staff members should create an environment in which honesty is encouraged, dishonesty discouraged and integrity is openly discussed.

2 Conflict and Cooperation in the Post-September 11th World POLS 450A, Fall 2017 ______Plagiarism

Using the words or ideas of another writer without attribution, so that they seem as if they are your own. Plagiarism ranges from copying someone else’s work word for word, to rewriting someone else’s work with only minor word changes (mosaic plagiarism), to summarizing work without acknowledging the source.

Books and Other Required Readings

The five books required for this course can be purchased at the University Bookstore.

1. Sumit Ganguly, Conflict Unending: India-Pakistan Tensions Since 1947, Columbia University Press, 2002. 2. Dan Caldwell and Robert Williams, Seeking Security In an Insecure World, Rowman and Littlefield, 3rd edition, 2016 (chapters will be available on Moodle) 3. Graham Allison, Nuclear Terrorism: The Ultimate Preventable Catastrophe, Owl Books, 2004. 4. Charles Lipson, How to Write a BA Thesis, University of Chicago Press, 2005. 5. Richard Haass, A World in Disarray: American Foreign Policy and the Crisis of the Old Order, Penguin, 2017. 6. Robert J. Lieber, Retreat and Its Consequences: American Foreign Policy and the Problem of World Order, Cambridge University Press, 2016. 7. The New York Times (on line edition) 8. Other required readings will be available on Moodle.

Schedule and Assignments

August 24

Organizational meeting and discussion of

Richard Haas, World Order 2.0: The Case for Sovereign Obligations, Foreign Affairs, January/Feb 2017.

Recommended Readings: Mitt Romney, “Rising to a New Generation of Global Challenges,” Foreign Affairs, July/August 2007. Joseph Nye, “US Power and Strategy After Iraq,” Foreign Affairs, July/August 2003. Stanley Hoffmann, “America Goes Backward,” New York Review, June 12, 2003. Baker-Hamilton Commission, The Iraq Study Group Report available at http://permanent.access.gpo.gov/lps76748/iraq_study_group_report.pdf

Zuhdi Jasser, Americanism vs. Islamism: A Personal Perspective (12th Annual Templeton Lecture on Religion and World Affairs) http://www.fpri.org/enotes/200801.jasser.americanismislamism.html

8/29 and 8/31

1. Post-9/11 World

The post-Cold War era, according to some observers, ended on September 11, 2001 when the terrorists attacked the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. The Bush administration responded by declaring a war on terrorism, which was fought by many means--diplomatic, military, financial, intelligence, investigative, and other. The war on terrorism was similar to the policy of countering the threat of communism during the Cold War. President Obama, however, announced that the US was not engaged in a boundless “Global War on Terror,” but rather in a series of 3 Conflict and Cooperation in the Post-September 11th World POLS 450A, Fall 2017 ______persistent, targeted effort to dismantle specific networks of violent extremists that threatened America. And President Trump has announced that he wants to wage a more aggressive campaign against terrorist groups worldwide. Our discussion in this unit of the course will focus on a critical analysis of the military and other response of the U.S. to the 9/11 attacks. We will compare Obama’s approach to fighting violent extremists with that Bush’s war on terror and Trump’s pledge to fight Islamic terrorism.

Required Readings:

Anne Marie Slaughter Adapting, US Policy in a changing international system http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2011/09/adapting--‐us--‐policy--‐ in--‐a--‐changing--‐international--‐system/245307/

Dan Caldwell and Williams, Seeking Security in an Insecure World, Chapters1, 9, 10-13

Discussion Leaders: 8/29 Eric Addy and Andrew Derringer

8/31 Andy Fournier and Sean Furman

Recommended Readings:

“America Is In Decline,” Foreign Policy, July/August 2014 Philip H. Gordon, “The End of the Bush Revolution,” Foreign Affairs, July/August 2006. Immanuel Wallerstein, “The Eagle Has Crash Landed,” Foreign Policy, July/August 2002. Stephen E. Flynn, “America the Vulnerable,” Foreign Affairs, January/Feb. 2002. Paul Kennedy, “Maintaining American Power: From Injury to Recovery,” in The Age of Terror: America and the World After September 11, edited by Strobe Talbott and Nayan Chanda, 2001. Neil Ferguson, “Clashing Civilizations Or Mad Mullah: The United States Between Informal and Formal Empire,” in The Age of Terror: America and the World After September 11. John B. Judis, “History Lesson: What Woodrow Wilson can teach today’s imperialists,” New Republic, June 9, 2003.

Flynn has a new book titled The Edge of Disaster (Random House, 2007). Please listen to the recent radio interview he gave to the National Public Radio. Here is the link: http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=7463514&ft=1&f=1003

John Meirsheimer, The Tragedy of Great Power Politics, W.W. Norton, 2001. Richard Rosecrance, “War and Peace,” World Politics, October 2002. Neil Ferguson, Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order and the Lessons for Global Power, Basic Books: 2003. Barry M. Lando, Web of Deceit: The History of Western Complicity in Iraq, from Churchill to Kennedy to George W. Bush , Other Press, 2007.

9/12: Silent Research Day

9/14 and 9/19

3. Religious Fundamentalism, Oil and International Politics

There has been a resurgence of religious, especially Islamic, fundamentalism since the end of the cold war. Some scholars have argued that Islamic fundamentalism is a reaction against globalization and due to the absence of democracy and the existence of extreme poverty in many Muslim countries. Others have argued that after the cold war the new international conflict will not be ideological but rather cultural and civilizational, especially between

5 Conflict and Cooperation in the Post-September 11th World POLS 450A, Fall 2017 ______the Western and the Islamic civilizations. (A view help by many Trump supporters.) Yet others believe that the civilizational conflict argument ignores the underlying cause of conflict between the West and the Muslim world–– that the West (read America) has supported and maintained undemocratic regimes in power in the Middle East in order to have access to and control over the vast reserve of oil in the region. These three positions about the causes of the rise of Islamic fundamentalism and the prevailing anti-Americanism in much of the Islamic world will be analyzed in this unit of the seminar.

Required Readings: 1. Klare (Moodle) 2. Thomas Friedman, “The First Law of Petropolitics,” Foreign Policy, May/June 2006. (Moodle) 3. Oil: The Long Goodbye (Moodle) 4. Doran (Moodle) 5. Howard (Moodle) 6. Caldwell, Ch. 5 (The Terrorist Threat)

Video: Islam and the West (BP 173.5.I83 1996) “Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, turmoil in the Islamic world has continually generated foreign policy challenges for the West. Will the conflict between the Islamic world and the West replace the Cold War as the fundamental political problem of our time? Is the Islamic world a monolith, or will Islamic nations increasingly act in their own self-interest? Can the Islamic revolution spread to more countries or will Western-style democracies take hold? Eminent scholars, including Milton Viorst of the Middle East Institute, and Fouad Adjami of Johns Hopkins University, discuss these issues with Ben Wattenberg.” (27minutes) 1993.

Web Links www.incore.ulst.ac.uk The initiative on Conflict Resolution and Ethnicity (INCORE) is a joint project of the United Nations University and the University of Ulster. The Web site contains research and resources into economic conflicts around the world. www.ceifo.su.se The Center for Research in International Migration and Ethnic Relations at the University of Stockholm has a Web site detailing its research into migration, nationalism and ethnic relations www.lamp.ac.uk/cis/pathways The Department of Theology, Religion and Islamic Studies at the University of Wales in Lampeter has an extensive list of Internet links related to the study of Islam. www.irna.com The Islamic Republic News Agency posts news, features and photographs on contemporary life and politics in Iran.

Discussion Leaders: 9/14 Jacob Lasky

9/19 Connor Reed

Recommended Readings: Samuel Huntington, “The Clash of Civilizations,” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 72, 1993. Fouad Ajami, “The Summoning: 'But They Said, We Will Not Hearken',” Foreign Affairs, 1994. Edward Said, “Impossible Histories: Why the Many Islams cannot be Simplified,” Harper’s Magazine, July 2002. 6 Conflict and Cooperation in the Post-September 11th World POLS 450A, Fall 2017 ______Ahmad Omar Sayed Sheikh, “Diary of a Terrorist,” From the thirty-five-page handwritten prison diary of Ahmad Omar Sayed Sheikh, the main suspect in the abduction of Wall Street Journal reporter Daniel Pearl http://www.harpers.org/online/diary_of_a_terrorist/ Jill Shankleman, Oil, Profits, and Peace: Does business Have a Role in Peacemaking?, USIP press, 2007. Thomas Powers, Intelligence Wars: American Secret History from Hitler to Al-Qaeda, New York Review of Books, 2003. Vali Nasr, The Shia Revival: How Conflicts within Islam Will Shape the Future, W.W. Norton, 2007.

9/21: Silent Research Day

9/26 and 9/28

4. Radical Islam and Terrorism In the aftermath of the terrorist attacks Islam has become synonymous, at least in public perception in the U.S., with violence and terror. President Trump’s January 29, 2017 controversial Executive Order to temporarily ban Muslims from seven majority-Muslim nations (Syria, Iran, Iraq, Libya, Somalia, Sudan and Yemen) from entering the United States is part of the new administration’s pledge to wage a more aggressive campaign against terrorist groups worldwide. In this section, we will go beyond the headlines and examine the factors that led to the emergence of radical Islam. We will trace the emergence of Islamic fundamentalism beginning in 1979 in the Iranian Revolution and enquire whether Islamic fundamentalism is a response to the superpower politics in the 1980s and 1990s. Required Readings: 1. Ahmed Rashid, “Challenging Islam: The New Style Fundamentalism of the Taliban,” “A Vanished Gender: Women, Children and Taliban Culture,” and “Global Jihad: The Arab Afghans and Osama bin Laden,” in Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in Central Asia, Chapters 6, 8, and 10, Yale University Press, 2001. 2. John L. Esposito, “The Making of a Modern Terrorist,” in Unholy War: Terror in the Name of Islam, Chapter, 1, Columbia University Press, 2002. 3. Schmitt and Shanker, Counter Strike, Ch. 11. 4. Mamdani, Whither Political Islam? Understanding the Modern Jihad, Foreign Affairs, January/February 2005.

Discussion Leaders: 9/26 Sean Furman

9/28 Eric Addy

Recommended Readings: Daniel Byman, Al Qaeda, the Islamic State, and the Global Jihadist Movement, Oxford UP, 2015 Simon Reeve, “Militant Islam,” in The New Jackals: Ramji Yousef, Osama bin Laden and the Future of Terrorism, Chapter 11, Northeastern University Press, 1999. Graham Fuller, “The Future of Political Islam,” Foreign Affairs, March/April 2002. Lawrence Wright, The Looming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9/11, Vintage, 2007.

7 Conflict and Cooperation in the Post-September 11th World POLS 450A, Fall 2017 ______C. Christine Fair, The Madrassah Challenge: Militancy and Religious Education in Pakistan, USIP Press, 2006. Roy Gutman, How We Missed the Story: Osama bin Laden, the Taliban, and the Hijacking of Afghanistan, USIP Press, 2008. Mohammad M. Hafez, Suicide Bombers in Iraq: The Strategy and Ideology of Martyrdom, USIP Press, 2007. Daniel Bergner, “Where the Enemy Is Everywhere and Nowhere,” The New York Times Magazine, July 20, 2003 Barry Bearak, “Warlordistan,” The New York Times Magazine, June 1, 2003. C. Christine Fir and Peter Chalk, Fortifying Pakistan: The Role of US Internal Security Assistance, USIP Press, 2006. George Crile, Charlie Wilson's War: The Extraordinary Story of the Largest Covert Operation in History, Atlantic Monthly Press, 2003. (The book is the unbelievable yet true story of the covert CIA operation to support the Afghan rebels who so courageously resisted Soviet occupation in the 1980's. It is also the story of two extraordinary men, Congressman Charles Wilson and CIA operative Gust Avrokotos, whose guile, determination, and utter disregard for the rules made this quixotic undertaking a reality.) Also, a 2007 major motion picture with Tom Hanks, Julia Roberts and Amy Adams.

10/3 and 10/05

5. Flashpoints at the Beginning of the 21st Century: There are two most dangerous regions in the world today--the Middle East and South Asia. Both are susceptible to the outbreak of armed conflict and war at any time. An outbreak of war in the Middle East will seriously affect America’s vital strategic and economic interests. On the other hand, a conventional war between India and Pakistan in South Asia is expected to escalate into a nuclear war that will kill millions of people. In this unit we will thoroughly examine the sources of conflict in the two regions and consider possible solutions to the Arab-Israeli and the Kashmiri conflicts.

A. The Palestinian Conflict Required Readings: 1. NPR 7-part story on the Palestinian Conflict 2. White, pp. 306-325 3. Snow, Irreversible Conflict 4. John Mearsheimer and Stephen Walt, The Israel Lobby, London Review of Books, March 23, 2006. 5. Carter, Jimmy Carter, Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid, Ch. 16 and 17, Simon Schuster, 2006. (All readings are available on Moodle.) Listen to the following NPR stories:

A. A key critic’s problem with Jimmy Carter’s book http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=7022490

B. Jimmy Carter defends Peace Not Apartheid http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=7004473

C. Middle East: A Century of Conflict (Audio and Transcript)

NPR ran a seven-part series in 2002 on the roots of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The program provides a comprehensive and simple history of the conflict. You must listen to the program and/or read the transcript by clicking on the links provided below.

A Century of Conflict: Part 1 8 Conflict and Cooperation in the Post-September 11th World POLS 450A, Fall 2017 ______

NPR's Mike Shuster begins his Morning Edition series with a look at Theodor Herzl, who in the late 19th century set the goal for a Jewish homeland in Palestine. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1150843

A Century of Conflict: Part II

Profile: From the Balfour Declaration to the End of World War II Violence has Simmered in the Middle East http://www.npr.org/programs/morning/transcripts/2002/oct/021001.shuster.html

A Century of Conflict: Part III http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1150960

A Century of Conflict: Part IV http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1151006

A Century of Conflict: Part V http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1151090

A Century of Conflict: Part VI http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1151219

A Century of Conflict: Part VII http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1151276 Discussion Leaders: 10/3 Connor Reed

10/5 Katie Tipsword

Recommended: “Does the Israel Lobby Have Too Much Power? Foreign Policy, July/August 2006 Mark L. Haas, The Clash of Ideologies: Middle Eastern Politics and American Security, Oxford U Press, 2012. Gal Luft, The Palestinian H-Bomb: Terror’s Winning Strategy,” Foreign Affairs, July/August 2002. Eric Rouleau, “Trouble in the Kingdom,” Foreign Affairs, July/August 2002. Fouad Ajami, “The Sentry’s Solitude” Foreign Affairs, Nov./Dec. 2001.- Kenneth D. Wald, “The Religious Dimensions of Israeli Political Life,” in Religion and Politics in Comparative Perspective, edited by Ted Jelen and Clide Wilcox, Ch. 5. “America and the Arabs: A Survey of the Gulf,” The Economist, March 23, 2002 Mohammad M. Hafez, Manufacturing Human Bombs: The Making of Palestinian Suicide Bombers, USIP Press, 2006.

10/10 and 10/12 B. The Kashmiri Conflict

Required Readings:

9 Conflict and Cooperation in the Post-September 11th World POLS 450A, Fall 2017 ______Sumit Ganguly, Conflict Unending: India-Pakistan Tensions Since 1947, Columbia University Press, 2002, Chapters 1, 2, 5 and 6. Ganguly, Epiolgue Salman Rushdie, “The Most Dangerous Place in the World,” The New York Times, May 30, 2002. Indurthy and Haque, The Kashmir Conflict Schaffer, The Limits of Influence: America’s Role in Kashmir, Ch. 7 (The Most Dangerous Place in the World)

Discussion Leaders: 10/10 Andy Fournier

10/12 Sean Furman

Recommended: Anatol Lieven, “The Pressure on Pakistan,” Foreign Affairs, January/Feb. 2002. Sahu, Religion and Politics in India: The Rise of Hindu Nationalism and the Bharatiya Janata Party,” in Religion and Politics in Comparative Perspective, Chapter 11. Sunil Sahu, “U.S.-South Asia Relations,” Asian American Encyclopedia. Dennis Kux, “India’s Fine Balance,” Foreign Affairs, May/June 2002.

Wajahat Habibullah, My Kashmir: Conflict and Prospects for Enduring Peace, USIP Press, 2008. Dennis Kux, India-Pakistan Negotiations: Is Past Still Prologue? USIP Press, 2006.

Week of October 16: Fall Break

10/24 and 10/26 6. Globalization and Antiglobalization The 1990s witnessed globalization of the world economy. Globalization was expected to bring positive economic results to both rich and poor nations. Yet the benefits of globalization have gone disproportionately to the rich industrialized nations, especially the U.S., and to a tiny privileged class in the developing world. As a result there has been a backlash against globalization, beginning with the Seattle protests in 1999. The loss of manufacturing jobs in industrialized nations has led to recent anti-globalization sentiments in the US and Europe. In this unit we will examine the merit of the argument in favor of and against globalization. Required Readings: Stiglitz, Making Globalization Work, Ch. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 Sunil K. Sahu, “Globalization, WTO and the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry,” Asian Affairs: An American Review, Volume 41, Issue 4, pp. 172-202 Moises Naim, “Globalization,” Foreign Policy, March/April 2009.

Web Links: www.csgr.org Website of the Center for the study of Globalization and Regionalization at the University of Warwick, the main research center on globalization and the (UK) Economic and Social Research Council. 10 Conflict and Cooperation in the Post-September 11th World POLS 450A, Fall 2017 ______www.focusweb.org Website of Focus on the Global South, a regional institute of research and advocacy on globalization from a Southern perspective. www.weforum.org Website of the world Economic Forum, a leading source of reports and comments on globalization from a business perspective.

Discussion Leaders: 10/24 Andrew Derringer

10/26 Jacob Lasky

Recommended: Joseph E. Stiglitz, Globalization and Its Discontents, Chapters 1, 2, 4, 6-9. Jagdish Bhagwati, “Coping with Antiglobalization: A Trilogy of Discontents,” Foreign Affairs, January/February 2002. Martin Wolf, Why Globalization Works, Ch. 2, Yale University Press, 2004. Niall Ferguson, “Sinking Globalization,” Foreign Affairs, March/April 2005. David Dollar and Aart Kraay, “Spreading the Wealth,” Foreign Affairs, January/February 2002. Stanley Hoffmann, “The Clash of Globalizations,” Foreign Affairs, July/August 2002. “The New Wave of Globalization and Its Economic Effects,” in Globalization, Growth, and Poverty: Building an Inclusive World Economy, World Bank, 2002. Joseph S. Nye Jr., The Paradox of American Power: Why the World’s Only Superpower Can’t Go It Alone, Chapter 3. Kenneth Scheve and Matthew Slaughter, “A New Deal for Globalization,” Foreign Affairs, July/August 2007. Noreena Hertz, The Silent Takeover: Global Capitalism and the Death of Democracy, Free Press, 2002. Jean Francois Rischard, High Noon: Twenty Global Problems, Twenty Years to Solve Them, Basic Books, 2002. Benjamin M. Friedman, “Globalization: Stiglitz’s Case,” The New York Review of Books. Ian Taylor and Philip Neil, “New Africa, Globalization and the Confines of Elite Reformism: Getting the Rhetoric Right, Getting the Strategy Wrong,” Third World Quarterly, Vol. 23, No. 1, January 2002.

10/31 and 11/2

7. Dynamics of Security after 9/11: Weapons of Mass Destruction

The stockpile of nuclear weapons in the U.S. and Russia has been drastically reduced since the end of the Cold War. The real threat to world security since the 1990s is the effort by a number of rogue states—Iran and North Korea— to acquire weapons of mass destruction. The acquisition of nuclear weapons by India and Pakistan in 1998 added a new dimension to the issue of nuclear security. What have been the records of the Clinton, Bush and Obama administrations in thwarting the development of the weapons of mass destruction by states like Iraq, and how has the U.S. responded to the nuclear threats posed by India and Pakistan? What is President Trump’s approach to nuclear nonproliferation? These questions will be answered in this portion of the seminar. Required Readings: 11 Conflict and Cooperation in the Post-September 11th World POLS 450A, Fall 2017 ______

1. Graham Allison, Nuclear Terrorism: The Ultimate Preventable Catastrophe, Chapters. 1-5 2. Allison, Nuclear Terrorism, Chapters, 6-8, Conclusion and Afterword 3. Dirty War (video clip) 4. How Nuclear Threat Tops Summit Agenda (NPR story) 5. How Do Nuclear Terrorists Get a Hold of Nuclear Material?

Discussion Leaders: 10/31 Nathaniel Reed

11/2 Katie Tipsword

Recommended Henry D. Sokolski, Underestimated: Our Not So Peaceful Nuclear Future, Nonproliferation Policy Education Center, 2016. Henry D. Sokolski (ed.), Nuclear Weapons Materials Gone Missing: What Does History Teach? Nonproliferation Policy Education Center, 2014. Henry Sokolski (ed.), Moving Beyond Pretense: Nuclear Power ad Nonproliferation, US Army War College Press, 2014. ------(ed.), Should We Let the Bomb Spread, Nonproliferation Policy Education Center, 2016 Keith Leiber and Daryl Press, “The Rise of US Nuclear Primacy,” Foreign Affairs, March/April 2006. Leon Fuerth, “Return of the Nuclear Debate,” The Washington Quarterly, Autumn 2001 (in AA, WP). Michael Klare, “The Ambivalent Crusade: Washington’s War Against Proliferation,” in Rogue States and Nuclear Outlaws: America’s Search for a New Foreign Policy, Hill and Wang, 1995. Stephen P. Cohen, Why Did India Go Nuclear? In India’s Nuclear Security, edited by Raju G. C. Thomas and Amit Gupta, Vistaar Publications, 2000. John Meirsheimer, “India Needs The Bomb,” The New York Times, March 24, 2000. Sumit Ganguly, “Behind India’s Bomb: The Politics and Strategy of Nuclear Doctrine,” Foreign Affairs, September/October 2001. Bill Keller, “The Second Nuclear Age,” New York Times Magazine, May 4, 2003. Raymond A. Zilinskas, “Rethinking Bioterrorism,” Current History, December 2001 (in AE, WP). Scott Ritter, Frontier Justice: Weapons of Mass Destruction and the Bushwhacking of America, Context Books, 2003. Bill Keller, “Nuclear Nightmares,” The New York Times Magazine, May 26, 2002.

11/7 and 11/9 8. Emerging Powers

A. China: the New Superpower (?) The size of the Chinese economy (GDP[PPP]), which is about half that of the U.S., is projected to overtake America’s in the next ten years. China is now a member of the World Trade Organization and its economy has experienced high rates of growth for more than a decade. China’s defense spending is the third largest in the world. Judged by the traditional attributes of power, China is a great power, but it has ambitions to become a superpower. 12 Conflict and Cooperation in the Post-September 11th World POLS 450, Spring 2017 ______Can China become the next superpower and become a rival to the U.S.? Does China pose a security threat to the U.S., especially in relation to Taiwan and Japan? These and many other questions will be answered in this session of the seminar. Required Readings:

1. Prestowitz, Ch. 4 2. Shahid Yusuf, Nabeshima, and Perkins, “China and India Reshape Global Industrial Geography,” in Alan Winters and Shahid Yusuf (eds.), Dancing with Giants: China, India and the Global Economy, The World Bank, 2007. 3. Christopher Lane, “China’s Challenge to US Hegemony,” Current History, January 2008. 4. John Pomfret, “China Is Rising,” Washington Post National Weekly Edition, Oct. 29-Nov. 4, 2001 (in AA, WP). 5. China and India Reshaping Global Industrial Strategy

Discussion Leader: 11/7 Connor Reed

Recommended: David Shambaugh, China’s Future, Polity, 2016. Adam Roberts, Superfast Primetime Ultimate Nation: The Relentless Invention of Modern India, Public Affairs, 2017. Morton Abramowitz and Stephen Bosworth, “Adjusting to the New Asia,” Foreign Affairs, July/August 2003. Clyde Prestowitz, Three Billion New Capitalists: The Great Shift of Wealth and Power to the East, Basic Books, 2005, Ch. 4 and 5 Peter Hays Gries, “Forecasting US-China Relations, 2015,” Asian Security, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2006. James Fallows, “The $1.4 Trillion Question,” Atlantic Monthly, January/February 2008. Gerald Segal, “Does China Matter?,” Foreign Affairs, September/October 1999 (in AA, WP). Charlene Barshefsky, “Enter China: WTO Membership Has Important Potential,” Washington Post, November 9, 2001 (in AA, WP). James Brooke, “Tokyo Fears China May Put an End to ‘Made in Japan’,” New York Times, November 20, 2001 (in AA, WP).

B. India as an Emerging Power Although poorer and less economically dynamic than China, India has soft power in abundance. That India can become a great power, according to some analysts, is not in doubt. The real question, they believe, is whether it wants to. Required Readings: “What is India’s “Cold Start” Military Doctrine? Economist, March 1, 2017 “Can India Become a Global Power: India’s Lack of Strategic Culture Hobbles Its Ambition to be a Force in the World, Economist, March 30, 2013. China and India Reshaping Global Industrial Strategy Prestowitz, Ch. 5 The Next Asian Miracle Next Knowledge Superpower Toward the Knowledge Superpower? India: What's All the Hype About (video)

13 Conflict and Cooperation in the Post-September 11th World POLS 450, Spring 2017 ______

Kaushik Basu, “Brand India’s Image Issue,” BBC, December 25, 2006 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6125940.stm BBC, “Key Facts: India Rising” http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6257057.stm Special Debate (4 February 2007) Special guests include: Kees Ten Nijenhuis, a European senior vice president at Wipro; Phanish Puranam, PhD, Assistant Professor of Strategic & International Management & Co-Director; Aditya V. Birla, India Research Centre; Rashmee Roshan Lall, Foreign Editor, The Times of India; Lord Karan Bilimoria, Cobra Beer; Samir Sayeed, JPMorgan, Dr Harren Jhoti, Founder and Chief Scientific Officer, Astex Therapeutics in Cambridge. Listen to Part One (26 mins) Listen to Part Two (26 mins) http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1620_india/page3.shtml

India Vs. India, India Poised Anthem (Amitabh Bachchan) http://youtube.com/watch?v=Ffem8YhMOHU

Video: The Great Decisions 2006 Discussion Leader: 11/9 Eric Addy

Recommended Sumantra Bose, Transforming India: Challenges to the World’s Largest Democracy, Harvard UP, 2013. Daya Krishnan Thussu, Communicating India’s Soft Power: Buddha to Bollywood, Palgrave, 2013. William Antholis, Inside Out India and China: Local Politics Go Global, Brookings Institution Press, 2013. Anil K. Gupta and Haiyan Wang, Getting China and India Right: Strategies for Leveraging the World’s Fastest- Growing Economies for Global Advantage, Jossey-Bass, 2009. Ira Pande (ed.), India 60: Towards a New Paradigm, India Today Group, 2007. Maya Chadda, Why India Matters, Lynne Rienner, 2014. Dietmar Rothermund, India: The Rise of an Asian Giant, Stanza, 2008 Jackie Assayag and C. J. Fuller, Globalizing India: Perspectives from Below, Anthem Press, 2005. C. RajMohan, “India and the Balance of Power, Foreign Affairs, July/August 2006. "Outsourcing Jobs: U.S. Dilemma" by Bruce Stokes Pranab Bardhan, “China, India SuperPower? Not So Fast!” Yale Global On Line, 25 October 2005. http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/display.article?id=6407 Robert Samuelson, “US Should Not Fear Rise of China, India,” YaleGlobal On Line, May 26, 2005. http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/display.article?id=5762 Thomas Friedman, The world Is Flat, Farrar, Staus and Grouk, 2005, Ch. 1

11/14 and 11/16

9. "American Empire": Will America (read Trump) Reshape the World? America has the capability and, since the September 11 attacks, the motivation to reshape the world. Will President Trump take the lead in setting new rules that govern international relations? Is it possible that America would

14 Conflict and Cooperation in the Post-September 11th World POLS 450, Spring 2017 ______continue to operate outside those rules (Trump’s “America First” policy) if it does not like those rules applied to itself? Are we moving toward economic nationalism and American isolationism? These and many other questions will be debated in the concluding week of the semester. Required Readings:

1. Caldwell and Williams, Seeking Security in an Insecure World. Ch. 14 2. Myth Of Decline: U.S. Is Stronger and Faster Than Anywhere Else in the World (Newsweek, May 7, 2012) 3. Charles Kupchen, No One's World (listen to the audio file)

Recommended Bill Richardson, “A New Realism: A Realistic and Principled Foreign Policy,” Foreign Affairs, January/February 2008. Michael Huckabee, “America’s Priorities in the War on Terror: Islamists, Iraq, Iran, and Pakistan,” Foreign Affairs, January/February 2008. John J. Mearsheimer, The Tragedy of Great Power Politics, W. W. Norton, 2001, Chapter 10. Bill Ammott, “The Acceptability of American Power,” “New Friends, New Opportunities,” “Saddam and His Sort,” “Building Countries, Feeling Generous,” “Our Law, Your Law,” “Imperial Overstretch?,” “New World Ahead,” in Present at the Creation: A Survey of America’s World Role,” The Economist, June 29, 2002. Maxine Singer, “The Challenge to Science: How to Mobilize American Ingenuity,” in The Age of Terror. Paul Bracken, “Rethinking the Unthinkable: New Priorities for New National Security, in The Age of Terror. Joseph S. Nye Jr., The Paradox of American Power: Why the World’s Only Superpower Can’t Go It Alone, Chapter 5. Nina Hachigian and Mona Sutphen, The Next American Century: How the US Can Thrive as Other Powers Rise, Simon and Schuster, 2008. Chester Crocker, Hampson, and Pamela Aall (eds.), Leasing the Dogs of War: Conflict management in a Divided World, USIP Press, 2007. Noam Chomsky, Imperial Ambitions: Conversations on the post-9/11 World, Metropolitan Books, 2005. Pinar Bilgin and Adam David Morton, “Historicizing Representations of ‘Failed States’: Beyond the Cold-War Annexation of the Social Sciences?” Third World Quarterly, Vol 23, No. 1, January 2002.

Discussion Leaders: 11/14 Andrew Derringer

11/16 Nathaniel Reed and Katie Tipsword

11/21 and 11/28: Presentation of Research Papers

1. Eric Addy

2. Andrew Derringer

3. Andy Fournier

4. Sean Furman

15 Conflict and Cooperation in the Post-September 11th World POLS 450, Spring 2017 ______

11/23: Thanksgiving Recess

11/30 and 12/5: Presentation of Research Papers:

1. Jacob Lasky 2. Connor Reed 3. Nathaniel Reed 4. Katie Tipsword

12/7

America and the World under Trump and Beyond

December 8: Seminar Paper Due in my office at 9:00 a.m.