The Rhino 2012.P65

CONTENTS

1. From the Editoral Desk 1 2. Œ√ª±˘œ1 1±øÓ¬ ¬ıÚ1œ˚˛± ˝√√±Ó¬œ √˙«Ú Î¬0 ¬ÛÀΩù´1 ·Õ· 2 3. ø¬ı¬ıÌ« ¬ı¸≈Ò± ø‰¬√± √±¸ 6 4. ¬ı±‚1 ø‰¬fl¡±1 ’±1n∏ øfl¡Â≈√ fl¡Ô± Î¬±– Ó¬1n∏Ì ‰¬f Œ‡1œ˚˛± 10 5. ˜±Î¬◊∞I◊ Œ‰¬∞I◊ Œ˝√√À˘k1 Î¬◊√ƒø·1Ì Œ˜±ø˝√√Úœ fl≈¡˜±1 ·Õ· 13 6. ˝√√±Ó¬1 fl≈¡Í¬±1 ˆ¬ø1Ó¬ Œ·±À˘±fl¡ ‰¬f √M√√ 18 7. ¸—1é¬Ì1 ˙Sn∏ – ¬Û1•Û1±·Ó¬ ’gø¬ıù´±¸ √œ¬Û±˘œ √M√√ ¬ı1√Õ˘ 21 8. ˝√√ô¶œ ˜±Úª ¸—‚±Ó¬ – ¤øÈ¬ ’±À˘±‰¬Ú± Î¬±– õ∂¬ıœÌ fl≈¡˜±1 ŒÚ›· 24 9. ¬ı±Ú¬Û±Úœ1 ¸˜˚˛Ó¬ fl¡±øÊ√1„√√±1 ¬ÛÔÓ¬ ˝◊√√øµ1± ·Õ· ¬ı≈Ï¬ˇ±À·±˝√√“±˝◊√√ 30 10. ˜±‰¬±˝◊√√ ˜±1± ¤øÈ¬ ‰¬˜≈ w˜Ì fl¡±ø˝√√Úœ 1±‡œ √M√√ ˙˝◊√√fl¡œ˚˛± 34 11. ¤Ê√±fl¡ ¬Ûé¬œ ’±1n∏ øÎ¬¬ıËn∏-∆Â√À‡±ª± Ó‘¬ø5 √±¸ 39 12. ˆ¬”À¬ÛÚ ˝√√±Ê√ø1fl¡±1 ·œÓ¬Ó¬ õ∂fl‘¡øÓ¬Àõ∂˜ ¸≈˜ôL ‰¬ø˘˝√√± 44 13. ’¸˜Ó¬ ˙±ôL ¬ıÚ…õ∂±Ìœ1 ’˙±ôL 1+¬Û– ¸•Ûfl«¡ ¬ıÚ±˜ ¸—‚¯∏« Î¬0 õ∂¬ı±˘ ˙˝◊√√fl¡œ˚˛± 46 14. Œˆ¬—1±˝◊√√1 ¬ıÚ1Ê√± õ∂Ì˚˛ ¬ı1√Õ˘ 49 15. Curzons, Miri and Kaziranga Ramani Kanta Deka 51 16. Kaziranga : Conservation vs Tourism Mubina Akhtar 54 17. Plight of Assam Elephants Dinesh Chandra Choudhury 62 18. The Monpas Of Thembang Anand Banerjee 67 19. Visiting Shedd Aquarium in Chicago Dr. Chandana Choudhury Barua 70 20. Occurrence of groundwater in Guwahati city B. K. Das 75 21. Tourism and Wildlife-Scope for symbiosis? R.C. Saikia 80 22. A Stroke of Mesi Da Kharga Narayan Dev Goswami 85 23. Our tribute to the legend : Dr. Bhupen Hazarika Irshad Ali 89 24. Spiritualism in Conservation R. N. Chowdhury 95 25. Conserving Our Wildlife Heritage Vikram Aditya Saikia 98 26. Deepor Beel : An Endangered Wetland Pia Radhika Hazarika 99 27. Whose Space is it anyway? Meghali 106 28. Green Glory Debasish Barua 108 29. Something about Wildlife Dr. Prasanta Kumar Boro 111 30. Brown Bears of Alaska Shyamal Dutta 113 31. It's Up to U s Sindhu Kashyap Borpuzari 118 32. Estimation of Birds in Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary 120 33. Rhino Estimation 2012 Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary 124 34. Impact of Supreme Court Orders on Restriction Isha Pandey 130 Imposed on Core area 35. Report of the General Secretary Rajeev Saikia 132 EXECUTIVE COMMITEE KAZARANGA WILDLIFE SOCIETY, 2011-12

President : Shri Indrajit Dutta, 9435143710 Working President : Shri Abani Kr Baruah, 9435197779 Vice President : Shri Padum Borthakur, 9859944621 Secretary : Shri Rajeev Saikia, 9613890505 Jt. Secretary : Shri Ajit Baruah, 9613835429 Shri Jogen Hazarika, 9854291618 Shri Pradip Borkataki, 9435348936 Asstt. Secy. : Shri Utpal Panchanan, 9435080867 Treasurer : Shri Anuj Kr. Baruah, 9864046313 Editor : Shri Sourav Mahanta, 9864096141 Executive Members : 1. Shri Madhavananda Dutta Bordoloi, 9435199046 2. Shri Budhin Baruah, 9435149806 3. Shri Anil Kr. Boruah, 9864033752 4. Mrs. Rakhi Saikia, 9435151140 5. Shri Amarjyoti Bhagawati, 9864020676 6. Shri Kaliprasad Buragohain, 9435544769 7. Shri Anup Sarmah, 9706582036 8. Shri Mohini Gogoi, 9435119334 9. Dr. Indrajit Sharma, 9435040439 10. Shri Sarat Borah, 9864013312 Adviser : 1. Shri R.N. Chowdhury, 9864506483 2. Shri R.K. Deka, 03612133553 3. Shri Rudra Goswami, 9435044818 4. Shri Jayanta Dutta, 9864015660 5. Dr. Niloy Kr. Das, 9864220032 6. Shri Nagen Das, 9957186267

2 From the Editoral Desk

The unrestrained growth of commercial ventures around biodiversity hot spots detrimental to the cause of conservation finally received the attention if deserves from the highest judicial authority of the country. The judicial pronouncement restricting the entry of tourists to the core area of tiger sanctuary is an wellcome initiative for conservation of this fast dwindling wildlife species which once ruled the roost in subcontinental forests. But it also seems to have left a shroud of confusion in some of the prime wildlife tourism destinations in India where Project Tiger forms an integral part of a national park with a wide mix of wildlife in general. The most recent case in point is Kaziranga – the largest habitat of one horned Asiatic Rhino for which tourists from all over the world arrive here. Incidentally Kaziranga National Park is also declared as Project Tiger site which obiously would work at cross purpose for the tourism trade since tourist are to be debarred from entering the park any more. This would mean the entire tourism infrastructure built over the years with large capital outlay will be rendered idle and turned non performing assets. The large liabilitiy of capital invested – mostly borrowed from institutions at a high cost, will be an albatross around the investing entreprenur’s neck. Nor can they dispose off the assets and recover the cost since without Kaziranga National Park, these properties will not find any buyers even at discounted rates. Making matters still worse are the two responsible agencies which so far have not made any effort to ally the gathering tensions of the investors concerned. These agencies are the deptt. of Forest and that of Tourism particularly the later, which itself has high stakes involved in KNP. In the absence of any clarification from the deptt. as to what is the real implication of Supreme Court verdict vis-a-vis. KNP, the atmosphere in the vicinity of KNP is getting increasingly res- tive. Fortunately, KNP has still a lot to offer to Tourist even without access to the core area. It only needs imazinative planning and innovative ideas in harnesing the non traditional themes with appropriate USPs, positioning them to the right audiance. To make it possible what is imperative is smooth coordinations of various agencies and entreprenures as much as that of NGOs working for the welfare of wildlife, ecology and tourism. Once this is assured the entire area around Kaziranga– both natural and man made may soon be developed into the most sought after eco- tourism destination in the country like the backwaters of Kerela. Before I conclude I thank those patrons who contributed to this magazine as also the fellow members of KWLS who helped me bring out this edition of the Rhino.

Sourav Mahanta Editor

1 Œ√ª±˘œ1 1±øÓ¬ ¬ıÚ1œ˚˛± ˝√√±Ó¬œ √˙«Ú Î¬0 ¬ÛÀΩù´1 ·Õ·

2005 ‰¬Ú1 ¤fl¡ ÚÀª•§1º fl¡±˘œ ¬Û”Ê√± ’±1n∏ ’1+À¬Û ’±À¬ıø˘ 3-30 ¬ıÊ√±Ó¬ Ê√œ¬ÛøÂ√ Œ√ª±˘œº fl¡À˘Ê√ ¬ıgº ‚1ÀÓ¬ ’±ÀÂ√±º ≈√¬Û1œ˚˛± ·±Î¬ˇœ‡ÚÓ¬ Œ˜±fl¡ Ó≈¬ø˘ ∆˘ ˙…±˜1±˝◊√√¬Û≈1Õ˘ 1±›Ú± ¿’1+¬Û ¬ı~ˆ¬ Œ·±¶§±˜œÀ˚˛ ŒÙ¬±ÀÚÀ1 1±øÓ¬Õ˘ ˜1ø„√√ ˝√√í˘º ˘·Ó¬ ˜±˝◊√√Ú± ’±1n∏ ø¬ıÀ1fº ∆√À¢∂±— ¬Û±˚˛ Ó¬±ÀÓ¬ ’=˘1 ˙…±˜1±˝◊√√¬Û≈1 ¬ı±·±ÚÓ¬ ˝√√±Ó¬œ ‰¬±¬ıÕ˘ ˘· ’˘¬Û ¸˜˚˛ ∆1 ¶ö±Úœ˚˛ ≈√Ê√Ú ¬ı…øMê√1 ˘·Ó¬ ¬ıÚ1œ˚˛± Òø1À˘º ¤Àfl¡¯∏±À1˝◊√√ ˚±˜ ¬ı≈ø˘ fl¡íÀ˘±º ’1+¬Ûfl¡ Œ¸˝◊√√ ˝√√±Ó¬œÀ˚˛ fl¡íÓ¬ fl¡íÓ¬ Î¬◊¬Û^ª fl¡ø1ÀÂ√, ¬ıÚ ø¬ıˆ¬±À· ˝√√±Ó¬œ Í¬±˝◊√√1 ¶ö±Úœ˚˛ ˜±Ú≈À˝√√ ‡¬ı1 ø√ÀÂ√ Œ˚ 1±øÓ¬Õ˘ ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 Œ‡√±Ó¬ ¶ö±Úœ˚˛ 1±˝◊√√Ê√fl¡ Œfl¡ÀÚ√À1 ¸˝√√±˚˛ fl¡ø1ÀÂ√ Ê√±fl¡ ¤È¬± Ú±˜øÚ ∆√À¢∂±— ¬ıÚ±=˘1 ¬Û1± ∆√À¢∂±— ˝◊√√Ó¬…±ø√ fl¡Ô±À¬ı±1 Ê√±øÚ ˘íÀ˘± ’±1n∏ ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡1 Ú√œ ¬Û±1 ∆˝√√, ˙…±˜1±˝◊√√¬Û≈1 ‰¬±˝√√ ¬ı±·±Ú1 Œ‡˘ ¬ÛÔ±11 ¬Û1±› øÚø(Ó¬ ˝√√À˘± Œ˚ ’±øÊ√ ø√ÚÓ¬ Ú±˜øÚ ∆√À¢∂±— ˜±ÀÊ√ø√ fl¡±Í¬øÚ, Ò˘±&ø1 ’±ø√ Í¬±˝◊√√1 ¬ÛÔ±1Ó¬ Ò±Ú ¬ıÚ±=˘Ó¬ ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 Ê√±fl¡ ¤È¬± ’±ÀÂ√º ∆√À¢∂±—1 ¬Û1± ‡±¬ıÕ˘ ˚±¬ıº ¸±Ò±1ÌÀÓ¬ Ú±˜øÚ ∆√À¢∂±— ¬ıÚ±=˘1 Ò˘±&ø1, fl¡±Í¬øÚ ‰¬±˝√√ ¬ı±·±Ú1 ˜±ÀÊ√ø√ ∆· ¬Û1± ˝√√±Ó¬œ ˙…±˜1±˝◊√√¬Û≈1 ¬ı±·±Ú1 Œ‡˘ ¬ÛÔ±11 ˜±ÀÊ√ø√ ˙…±˜1±˝◊√√¬Û≈1 ‰¬±˝√√ ¬ı±·±Ú ¬¬Û±À˘±Õ·º ‰¬±˝√√ ¬ı±·±Ú‡Ú1 fl¡±Í¬øÚ, Ò˘±&ø1Õ˘ ˚±˚˛º Œ¸˝◊√√ ¬ÛÔÀÈ¬± ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 √Gœ fl¡˘‚11 ›‰¬1ÀÓ¬ ∆1 ¬ı±·±Ú1 ŒÎ¬fl¡± ˘í1± ¤Ê√Úfl¡ [corridor) º Œ¸À˚˛À˝√√ Ú±˜øÚ ∆√À¢∂±—Ó¬ ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 Ê√±fl¡ ˝√√±Ó¬œ ’±øÊ√ ¬ı±·±Ú1 Œ‡˘ ¬ÛÔ±11 ˜±ÀÊ√ø√ ¬Û±1 ˝√√í¬ıÀÚ Ôfl¡± ·˜ ¬Û±À˘ ¶ö±Úœ˚˛À˘±Àfl¡ ˝√√±Ó¬œ Œ‡˘ ¬ÛÔ±11 Ú˝√√˚˛ Œ¸˝◊√√ ø¬ı¯∏À˚˛ ¸≈øÒÀ˘±º ø˚À˝√√Ó≈¬ Ú±˜øÚ ∆√À¢∂±— ˜±ÀÊ√ø√ ¬Û±1Õ˝√√ fl¡±Í¬øÚ, Ò˘±&ø1 Ù¬±À˘ ˚±¬ı ¬ı≈ø˘ ¬ıÚ±=˘Ó¬ ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 Ê√±fl¡ÀÈ¬± ’±ÀÂ√ ·øÓ¬Àfl¡ 1±øÓ¬Õ˘ øÚø(Ó¬ ˝√√˚˛º ø¬ıÀ˙¯∏Õfl¡ ¬Ûfl¡±Ò±Ú1 ø√ÚÓ¬º ’1+À¬Û Ê√±fl¡ÀÈ¬± ∆√À¢∂±— Ú√œ ¬Û±1 ∆˝√√ ¬ı±·±Ú1 Œ‡˘ ¬ÛÔ±11 ¬ıUø√Ú1 ¬Û1± ˝√√±Ó¬√œ1 Ù¬ÀÈ¬± ŒÓ¬±˘± ’±1n∏ ˘·ÀÓ¬ ˝√√±Ó¬œ ˜±ÀÊ√ø√ ¬¬Û±1 ∆˝√√ Ò1±&ø11 Ù¬±À˘ ˚±¬ı˝◊√√ ¬ı≈ø˘ ˘í1±Ê√ÀÚ ˜±Ú≈˝√√1 ¸—‚±È¬ fl¡À˜±ª± ’±ø√ fl¡±˜Ó¬ Ê√øÎ¬ˇÓ¬ ∆˝√√ ’±ÀÂ√º fl¡íÀ˘º ˘í1±Ê√Úfl¡ ·±Î¬ˇœÓ¬ Ó≈¬ø˘Õ˘ Œ‡˘ ¬ÛÔ±1‡Ú1 Œ·±˘±‚±È¬ øÊ√˘±1 ¬Ûø(˜ ’=˘, ˚Ó¬ ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 Î¬◊¬Û^ª ¬Ûø(˜ ø√˙Õ˘ ·íÀ˘± ’±1n∏ ˝√√±Ó¬œ Œ‡˘ ¬ÛÔ±1‡Ú1 ∆˝√√À˚˛ Ô±Àfl¡, ø¬ıÀ˙¯∏Õfl¡ ˜1ø„√√ Œ˜ÃÊ√±1 ŒÎ¬fl¡± Œfl¡±Ú ¶ö±ÀÚø√ ¬Û±1 ˝√√˚˛ Ó¬±1 ¬ı≈Ê√ ˘íÀ˘±º Œ‡˘ ˘í1±À¬ı±11 ˘·Ó¬ ’1+¬Û1 ˆ¬±˘ ¸•Ûfl«¡º Œ¸À˚˛À˝√√ ¬ÛÔ±1‡Ú ¬Û”ª±-¬Ûø(˜±º ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 Ê√±fl¡ Œ‡˘ ¬ÛÔ±1‡Ú1 ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 ‡¬ı1À¬ı±1 ¬ıÚ ø¬ıˆ¬±À· Œ¬Û±ª±1 ’±·ÀÓ¬ ’1+À¬Û Î¬◊M√√1 ø√√˙1 ¬Û1± √øé¬Ì-¬Û”ª ø√˙Õ˘ ¬Û±1 ∆˝√√ ˚±˚˛ ¬Û±˚˛º ’ªÀ˙… ’1+¬Û› ’¸˜ ‰¬1fl¡±11 ’Õ¬ıÓ¬øÚfl¡ ¬ı≈ø˘ ˜±Ú≈˝√√1 ¬Û1± ¸≈øÒ Ê√±øÚ-¬ı≈øÊ√ ˘À˘±º Œ¸˝◊√√ Í¬±˝◊√√ÀÓ¬ ¬ıÚ ø¬ı¯∏˚˛±º ·±Î¬ˇœ 1±ø‡ ¸˜˚˛¶ö ≈√Ê√Ú Œ˘±fl¡fl¡ ˘·Ó¬ ∆˘ ‰¬±˝√√Úœ1

2 ˜±ÀÊ√ ˜±ÀÊ√ ¬Ûø(˜ ø√˙Õ˘ Œ‡±Ê√ fl¡±øÏ¬ˇ ·íÀ˘±º ¤Àfl¡±È¬±Õfl¡ ‰¬±Ê«√ ˘±˝◊√√È¬ ø√ ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 Ê√±fl¡ÀÈ¬± Œ‡˘¬ÛÔ±1 ∆√À¢∂±— Ú√œ‡Ú Œ¬Û±ª±1 ø¬ÛÂ√Ó¬ ˘·Ó¬ Œ˚±ª± ˜±Ú≈˝√√ ¬Û±1 ˝√√›“ÀÓ¬ Œfl¡±ÚÀÈ¬± Œfl¡±Ì1 ¬Û1± Œfl¡ÀÚÕfl¡ Œ¬Û±˝√√1 ≈√Ê√ÀÚ ˝√√±Ó¬œ ’˝√√± √Gœ Œ√‡≈ª±˝◊√√ ø√À˘º Ú√œ1 ¬Û±1Ó¬ ø√¬ı ˘±ø·¬ı ’±ø√ fl¡Ô±À¬ı±1 ˆ¬±˘Õfl¡ ¬ı≈Ê√±˝◊√√ ø√À˘º ’±1n∏ ¤Ê√Ú Œ˘±fl¡fl¡ ˘· ¬Û±˚˛ ˝√√±Ó¬œ Ê√±fl¡ÀÈ¬±1 ø¬ı¯∏À˚˛ Œfl¡À˜1±, ˘±˝◊√√È¬ ¸fl¡À˘± ¸±Ê≈√ ˝√√í˘º ¤øÓ¬˚˛± ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 Œ¸±Ò±Ó¬ Ê√±fl¡ÀÈ¬± ø¸¬Û±À1 ’±ÀÂ√ ¬ı≈ø˘ fl¡íÀ˘ ’±1n∏ Ê√±fl¡ÀÈ¬± ’±ø˝√√À˘˝◊√√ ˝√√í˘º Œ˜±1 øfl¡c ¸Àµ˝√√ ŒÓ¬øÓ¬˚˛±› 1±øÓ¬Õ˘ ¬Û±1 ˝√√í¬ı˝◊√√ ¬ı≈ø˘ Ê√Ú±À˘º øÚø(Ó¬ ˝√√íÀ˘± ’±“Ó¬1± Ú±øÂ√˘º fl¡±1Ì ˝◊√√˜±Ú ˜±Ú≈˝√√1 ¸˜±·˜, ø‰¬¤û1- ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 Ê√±fl¡ÀÈ¬± ’±ÀÂ√˝◊√√ ¬ı≈ø˘º Ú√œ1 ¬Û±11 ¬Û1± ·±Î¬ˇœ ¬ı±‡1, ˜±˝◊√√fl¡1 ˙s, Œ¬Û±˝√√1 ’±ø√1 ¬ı±À¬ı ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 ∆Ô Œ˚±ª± Í¬±˝◊√√Õ˘ ‚”ø1À˘±º 1±ô¶±ÀÓ¬ ¬ÛÔ±1Ó¬ 1±øÓ¬ Ê√±fl¡ÀÈ¬± ’±ø˝√√ Œ‡˘ ¬ÛÔ±1 ¬Û±1 ˝√√í¬ı Ê√±ÀÚ±∑ ’1+¬Û Ò±Ú 1ø‡¬ıÕ˘ Œ˚±ª± ≈√Ê√Ú Œ˘±fl¡fl¡ ˘· ¬Û±˚˛ ˝√√±Ó¬œ øfl¡c øÚø(Ó¬, ˝√√±Ó¬œ ¬Û±1 ˝√√í¬ı˝◊√√º ’±˜±1 ›‰¬1Õ˘ Ú√œ ¬Û±1 ˝√√íÀ˘ È¬íÂ«√1 Œ¬Û±˝√√À1À1 ŒÈ¬„√√œ1 ¬Û1± Ê√±ÚÚœ ¬ı±·±Ú1 ¸M√√1 Î¬◊X«1 ¤Ê√Ú Œ˘±fl¡ ’±ø˝√√˘º fl¡Ô±-¬ı±Ó«¬± ø√¬ıÕ˘ fl¡íÀ˘±º ·±Î¬ˇœ1 ›‰¬1 ¬Û±˚˛ ˝√√±Ó¬œ Œ‡˘ ¬ÛÔ±1Õ˘ ˝√√À˘±º ˜±Ú≈˝√√Ê√Ú ¬ı±·±Ú1 ¬ıÚ≈ª±1 ‰¬«√±1 ’±øÂ√˘º Ê√ij› Œ¸±À˜±ª± ¶ö±Ú1 ¬Û1± ¬Ûø(˜Õ˘ õ∂±˚˛ 50 ø˜È¬±1 ˜±Ú ¤˝◊√√ ¬ı±·±ÚÀÓ¬º ŒÓ¬›“ › øÚø(Ó¬ Œ˚ ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 Ê√±fl¡ÀÈ¬± ”√1QÓ¬ ’1+À¬Û Œfl¡À˜1±, ˘±˝◊√√È¬ ¸±Ê≈√ fl¡ø1À˘º ˜øˆ¬ ø˚À˝√√Ó≈¬ ∆√À¢∂±— Ú√œ1 ¬Û±11 Ú±˜øÚ ∆√À¢∂±— ¬ıÚ±=˘Ó¬ Œfl¡À˜1±, ˘±˝◊√√È¬ ’±ø√ ¸±Ê≈√ fl¡1± Œø‡ ¬ıU ˜±Ú≈˝√√ ’±˜±1 ø√ÚÓ¬ øÊ√1øÌ ∆˘ ’±ÀÂ√ø˝√√, ·øÓ¬Àfl¡ 1±øÓ¬ Œ‡˘ ¬ÛÔ±11 ›‰¬1Ó¬ Œ·±È¬ ‡±À˘º ˜±ÀÊ√ø√ ¬Û±1 ˝√√í¬ı˝◊√√º ’±À· ø¬ÛÀÂ√› Ú±˜øÚ ∆√À¢∂±— Œ¸˝◊√√ ø√Ú± Œ√ª±˘œ1 Î¬◊¬Û˘Àé¬ 1±øÓ¬ Œ‡˘ ¬ıÚ±=˘Ó¬ ø√ÚÓ¬ ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 Ê√±fl¡ Ô±øfl¡À˘ 1±øÓ¬Õ˘ Œ‡˘ ¬ÛÔ±1Ó¬ ø‰¬ÀÚ˜± Œ√‡≈ª±¬ıº ≈√·«± ¬Û”Ê√±, Œ√ª±˘œ ’±ø√ ¬ÛÔ±11 ˜±ÀÊ√ø√ ¬Û±1 ∆˝√√ Ò˘±&ø1, fl¡±Í¬øÚ ’±ø√À˚˛ Î¬◊¬Û˘Àé¬ ¬ı±·±Ú fl¡Ó‘¬«¬Ûé¬1 Ó¬1Ù¬1 ¬Û1± ¬ıÚ≈ª± ¸fl¡˘fl¡ ∆· Ú±˜¬ı1 ¬ıÚ±=˘ ¬Û±˚˛Õ·º ø‰¬ÀÚ˜± Œ√‡≈›ª±ÀÈ¬± ¤fl¡ ¬Û1•Û1±º ¸˜˚˛ ·±-ŒÚ±˜ ’Ó¬œÊ√Ó¬ ‰¬±˝√√ ¬ı±·±Ú ø¬ı˘±fl¡Ó¬ ¤Àfl¡±È¬± ’=˘ ŒÚÀ√‡±1 ˘À· ˘À· Œ‡˘ ¬ÛÔ±11 ˜±Ê√Ó¬ ø‰¬ÀÚ˜± ˝√√±ø¬ı Ê√„∏‚˘ fl¡ø1 ∆ÔøÂ√˘º Œ¬ı±Ò˝√√˚˛ ¬ıÚ≈ª± ¸fl¡˘1 Œ√‡≈ª±¬ıÕ˘ Î¬±„√√1 ¬Û«√± ’“±ø1À˘º ˜±˝◊√√fl¡ ¬ı±øÊ√˘º ‡ø1 Œ‡1 ’±Úøfl¡ ø‰¬fl¡±1 ¸≈˘ˆ¬ ˝√√í¬ı1 ¬ı±À¬ıº ŒÓ¬ÀÚ ˜±˝◊√√fl¡Ó¬ ø˝√√µœ ø‰¬ÀÚ˜±1 ·±Ú ëÙ≈¬˘ ˆ¬ø˘Î¬◊˜íÓ¬ ¤À˘fl¡±À¬ı±1fl¡ ¢∂±ôL ¬ı≈ø˘ ∆fl¡øÂ√˘º Ú≈˜˘œ·Î¬ˇ11 ¬Û1± ¬ı±øÊ√¬ıÕ˘ ˘íÀ˘º ˙±1œ ˙±1œ ‰¬±˝√√-ø˜Í¬±˝◊√√, ¬Û±Ú- Ú≈˜˘œ·Î¬ˇ, Œ˘ÀÈ¬fl≈¡Ê√±Ú, ¬ıøfl¡˚˛±˘, ¬ı·œÒ˘±, Ò˘±&ø1, Ó¬±À˜±˘1 Œ√±fl¡±Ú ¬ıø˝√√˘º ’íÓ¬ Ó¬íÓ¬ Œ√ª±˘œ Î¬◊»¸ª1 fl¡±Í¬øÚ, ˜”1Ù≈¬˘øÚ ’±ø√ ¬ı±·±Ú1 ¢∂±ôL ø¬ı˘±fl¡1 ˜±ÀÊ√ø√ ’ø¬ıÀ26√√…[∑] ’e ëÎ¬±˝◊√√Â√í Œ‡˘› ¬ıø˝√√˘º Œfl¡1±ø‰¬Ú ˝√√±Ó¬œ ¬Û±1 ∆˝√√ Ú±˜¬ı1Õ˘ ∆·øÂ√˘º ’Ô«±» ’Ó¬œÊ√Ó¬ ŒÓ¬˘1 Œ˘•Û øÈ¬¬Û‰¬±øfl¡À1 Œ‡˘ ¬ÛÔ±11 ¬Û”¬ı ’—˙ÀÈ¬± ¬ı±·±Ú1 ¢∂±ôLÀ¬ı±À1˝◊√√ Œ·±˘±‚±È¬ øÊ√˘±1 ¬Ûø(˜ Œ¬Û±˝√√1±˝◊√√ Œ¬Û˘±À˘º Ù¬È¬fl¡± Ù≈¬øÈ¬¬ıÕ˘ ˘íÀ˘º ˜≈Í¬ÀÓ¬ ’=˘Ó¬ ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 fl¡ø1Î¬1 ’±øÂ√˘º Î¬◊Mê√ ¬ı±·±ÚÀ¬ı±1 ’±“Î¬◊¸œ øÚ˙±1 ·˝√√œÚÓ¬± ¬Û˘±˚˛ Ù¬±È¬ ˜±ø1À˘º ¬õ∂±˚˛ ˘·±˘ø· ’±1n∏ ˜”1Ù≈¬˘øÚ ¬ı±·±Ú‡Ú Ú±˜¬ı1 ˝√√±ø¬ıÓ¬ ˝◊√øÓ¬˜ÀÒ… ’±˜±1 ›‰¬11 ¬Û1± ˜±Ú≈˝√√À¬ı±1 ø‰¬ÀÚ˜±1 ˘±ø· ’±øÂ√˘º ŒÓ¬øÓ¬˚˛± ˝√√±Ó¬œÀ˚˛ Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ¬ı±Ò± ¬Û«√±1 ¸ij≈‡Õ˘ ·í˘º Œfl¡À˜1±1 ›‰¬11 ¬Û1± ˜±Ú≈˝√√À¬ı±1 ŒÚ±À¬Û±ª±Õfl¡ ø¬ı‰¬1Ì fl¡ø1¬ı ¬Û±ø1øÂ√˘º ø‰¬ø˘— ’±˝◊√√Ú Œ˚±ª±Ó¬ ’1+À¬Û ˜±˝◊√√Ú± ’±1n∏ ¬ıœÀ1f1 ˝√±Ó¬Ó¬ õ∂ªM«√√Ú Œ˝√√±ª±1 ø¬ÛÂ√Ó¬ ¢∂±ôLÀ¬ı±1 ¬ı±·±Ú1 √‡˘Ó¬

3 Ú±˝◊√√fl¡œ˚˛± ˝√√í˘ ’±1n∏ Œ¸˝◊√√À¬ı±1 ˜±Ú≈À˝√√ √‡˘ fl¡1±Ó¬ øÚø¬ı«fl¡±1º ø¬ıÀ˙¯∏ ˘1‰¬1› fl¡1± Ú±˝◊√√º Œ¸˝◊√√ ˜≈˝√√”Ó«¬Ó¬ › fl¡ø1Î¬1 Ú±˝◊√√fl¡œ˚˛± ˝√√í˘ [Ú≈˜˘œ·Î¬ˇ ŒÓ¬˘ Œ˙±ÒÚ±·±11 ˜˝◊√√ ˆ¬±ø¬ıøÂ√À˘± Œ˚ ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 Ê√±fl¡ÀÈ¬± ¬Û±1 ÚÕ˝√√ ‚”ø1 ¤À˘fl¡±ÀÈ¬±› Œ˘ÀÈ¬fl¡Ê√±Ú ¬ı±·±Ú1 ¢∂±ôL ’±øÂ√˘º] ˚±¬ıº Œ˜±1 Ò±1Ì± ø˜Â√± ˝√√í˘º 8 ˜±Ú ¬ıÊ√±Ó¬ 6È¬± Ù¬˘Ó¬ ˝√√±Ó¬œÀ˚˛ ’±·1 fl¡ø1Î¬À1 ˚±›“ÀÓ¬ ¬ı±Ò± ¬Û±˚˛ ˝√√±Ó¬œ ¬ıœ1√À¬Û« ’±˜±1 ¬Û1± 50 ø˜È¬±1 ˜±Ú ’±1n∏ Œ˚øÚ ŒÓ¬øÚ ˚±˚˛º ˝√√±Ó¬œ ˜±Ú≈˝√√1 ¸—‚±Ó¬ ˝√√˚˛º ø‰¬ÀÚ˜± Œ√‡≈ª±˝◊√√ Ôfl¡± ¬Û«√± ‡Ú1 ¬Û1± 100 ø˜È¬±1 1±øÓ¬ ¸±Ó¬ ¬ı±øÊ√˘º ø‰¬ÀÚ˜± ’±1y ˝√√í˘º ˜±Ú ”√À1ø√ Œ‡˘ ¬ÛÔ±1 ‡Ú1 Î¬◊M√√1 ø√˙1 ¬Û1± √øé¬Ì ø‰¬ÀÚ˜±1 ¬Û«√±1 ’±À· ø¬ÛÀÂ√ √˙«Àfl¡ ˆ¬ø1 ¬Ûø1˘º ø√˙Õ˘ ¬Û±1 ∆˝√√ ·í˘º ˝√√±Ó¬œÀfl¡˝◊√√È¬± Œ‡˘ ¬ÛÔ±1‡Ú1 õ∂±˚˛À¬ı±À1 ‚11 ¬Û1± ∆˘ ’˝√√± ¬ıô¶±, Ï¬1±-ø¬Û1± ¬Û±ø1 ˜±Ê√ ¬Û±›“ÀÓ¬ ø‰¬ÀÚ˜± ‰¬±˝◊√√ Ôfl¡± ˘í1± Œfl¡˝◊√√È¬±˜±ÀÚ ¬ıø˝√√˘º Î¬±˝◊√√‰¬ Œ‡˘À¬ı±1Ó¬ ˜±Ú≈˝√√ Ê≈√˜ ¬ı±øg˘º ø¬ıÀÒ Ù¬È¬fl¡± Ù≈¬È¬±˝◊√√ ø‰¬¤û1 ¬ı±‡1 fl¡ø1 Œ‡ø√ ·í˘º ø¬ıÀÒ Ù¬È¬fl¡± Ù≈¬øÈ¬˘º Œ˜±1 ¸Àµ˝√√ ŒÓ¬øÓ¬˚˛±› ˜±1 ˝√√±Ó¬œÀfl¡˝◊√√È¬± Œ√Ãø1˘º ’˘¬Û ¸˜˚˛1 ø¬ÛÂ√Ó¬ ’±1n∏ 9È¬± Œ˚±ª± Ú±˝◊√√º ˝√√±Ó¬œÊ√±fl¡ ’±ø˝√√À˘› ‚”ø1 ˚±¬ıº Œ‡˘ ˝√√±Ó¬œ ¬Û±1 ˝√√í˘º ¤Àfl¡˝◊√√ ˜±Ú≈˝√√1 ø‰¬¤û1 ¬ı±‡1º Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ¬ÛÔ±1 ¬Û±1 Ú˝√√í¬ıº fl¡±øÓ¬˜˝√√œ˚˛± øÚ˚˛“1Ó¬ øÓ¬øÓ¬ÀÂ√±º ˜±Ú≈À˝√√˝◊√√ ˆ¬˚˛Ó¬ ø‰¬ÀÚ˜± ¬ı± Î¬±˝◊√√Â√ Œ‡˘ ¤ø1 ¬ÛÀ˘±ª± ’˘¬Û ’˘¬Û Í¬±G±› ˘±ø·ÀÂ√º ˝√√Í¬±» ¬ı±·±Ú‡Ú1 Ú±˝◊√√º ¬ıÚ1œ˚˛± ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 Ê√±fl¡ Ú˝√√˚˛ Œ˚Ú ‚1‰¬œ˚˛± ·1n∏- ¬Ûø(˜ ø√˙1 ¬Û1± È¬Â«√1 Œ¬Û±˝√√1 ŒÊ√±fl¡±ø1 ŒÊ√±fl¡±ø1 ˜í˝√√1 Ê√±fl¡À˝√√º Œ˙¯∏Ó¬ ’±1n∏ 7È¬± ˝√√±Ó¬œ ¬Û±1 ˝√√í˘º ¤È¬± ø‰¬¤û1 ˜1± qøÚÀ˘±º ‚”ø1 ‰¬±˝◊√√ Œ√ø‡À˘± È¬Â«√1 ˘·Ó¬ ¤˜˝√√œ˚˛±-≈√˜˝√√œ˚˛± ≈√È¬± Œ¬Û±ª±ø˘º ˝√√±Ó¬œÀfl¡˝◊√√È¬± Œ¬Û±˝√√1 ŒÊ√±fl¡±ø1 ŒÊ√±fl¡±ø1 ø1— ˜±ø1 ø‰¬¤ûø1 fl¡íÀ˘, Œ‡˘ ¬ÛÔ±11 ˜±Ê√ ¬Û±›“ÀÓ¬ ¬Û≈Ú1 ˘í1±À¬ı±À1 Ù¬È¬fl¡± ëø‰¬ÀÚ˜± ‰¬±¬ıÕ˘ ’±˘˝√√œ ∆·ÀÂ√, ‰¬fl¡œÀ˜Ê√ ¬Û±ø1 Ô›“fl¡ºí Ù≈¬È¬±˝◊√√ Œ‡ø√¬ıÕ˘ ˘±ø·˘º Œ¬Û±ª±ø˘ ≈√È¬± Œ√Ãø1¬ı ¬Û1± ›‰¬1Ó¬ Ôfl¡± ¬ı±·±Ú1 ¬ı˚˛¸¶ö ˜±Ú≈˝√√Ê√ÀÚ ø‰¬¤û1 qøÚ Ú±˝◊√√, ø¬ÛÂ√ ¬Ûø1 ∆·ÀÂ√º ˜±fl¡ ≈√Ê√ÚœÀ˚˛ ‚”ø1 ‚”ø1 ’±ø˝√√ fl¡íÀ˘ ë¬ı±¬ı± [˝√√±Ó¬œ] ’±ø˝√√ÀÂ√ºí ¸øg˚˛±1 Î¬◊»fl¡F±1 qÀ1À1 ŒÍ¬ø˘ øÚÀÂ√º ’±˜±1 ›‰¬1Ó¬ ∆1 Ôfl¡± ¬ı˚˛¸¶ö ˚øÓ¬ ¬Ûø1˘º ˝√√±Ó¬œ ∆√À¢∂±— Ú√œ ¬Û±1 ˝√√í˘, ’1+À¬Û ¤Ê√Ú Œ˘±Àfl¡ ø‰¬¤ûø1 ø‰¬¤ûø1 ˘í1±Àfl¡˝◊√√È¬±fl¡ Œfl¡À˜1±, ˘±˝◊√√È¬ ’±Àfl¡Ã ¤¬ı±1 øÍ¬Àfl¡ Í¬±Àfl¡ ’±ÀÂ√ÀÚ ŒÚÀ‡ø√¬ıÕ˘ ∆fl¡ÀÂ√ Œ¬Û±ª±ø˘ ≈√È¬±˝◊√√ ≈√‡ ¬Û±¬ı ¬ı≈ø˘º Ú±˝◊√√ ‰¬±˝◊√√ ˘íÀ˘º Œ‡˘ ¬ÛÔ±1Ó¬ ø‰¬¤û1-¬ı±‡1, Ù¬È¬fl¡±- ø¬ÛÀÂ√ ˘í1±À¬ı±À1 fl¡íÓ¬ fl¡Ô± qÀÚº ø¸˝√√“ÀÓ¬ ¤ÀÚ√À1 Ù≈¬È≈¡ª±1 Œfl¡±¬ı ‰¬ø1 Œ˚±ª± Œ√ø‡ ˝√√±Ó¬œÊ√±fl¡ Œ‡˘ ¬ÛÔ±11 Œ¬Û±ª±ø˘ ≈√È¬±1 ø¬ÛÂ√Ó¬ Œ√Ãø1øÂ√˘ Œ˚Ú ¬Û±ø1À˘ fl¡±¯∏1 ¬Û1±˝◊√√ ‚”ø1 ˚±¬ı ¬ı≈ø˘ ˜˝◊√√ ¬ˆ¬±ø¬ıøÂ√À˘±º 1±øÓ¬ Œ¬Û±ª±ø˘ ˝√√±ÀÓ¬À1 ‰≈¬¬ı ¬ı± Òø1¬ıÀ˝√√º +7.30 ˜±Ú ¬ıÊ√±Ó¬ ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 Ê√±fl¡ÀÈ¬± Œ‡˘ ¬ÛÔ±11 ’1+À¬Û Œ˝√√¬Û±˝√√ ¬Û˘≈ª±˝◊√√ Ù¬ÀÈ¬± ˘íÀ˘º fl¡±¯∏Ó¬, ¸√±˚˛ ¬Û±1 Œ˝√√±ª± ¶ö±ÚÓ¬ 1í˘ø˝√√º ’±˜±1 ›‰¬1Ó¬ Œfl¡À˜1±ÀÓ¬ ëø1Àõ≠í [Replay) fl¡ø1 Ù¬ÀÈ¬±À¬ı±1 ∆1 Ôfl¡± ≈√˝◊√√ ¤Ê√Ú Œ˘±Àfl¡ È¬Â«√1 Œ¬Û±˝√√1 ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 ‰¬±À˘±º ¬ıÚ1œ˚˛± ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 Œ√Ã1, Œ˘•Û ‰¬±øfl¡1 Œ¬Û±˝√√1, Ê√±fl¡ÀÈ¬±Ó¬¡ ø√ Œfl¡˝◊√√È¬± ˝√√±Ó¬œ ’±ÀÂ√ ‰¬±À˘±º Œ‡˘ Ù¬È¬fl¡±1 øÙ¬ø1„√√øÓ¬, ˜±Ú≈˝√√1 ø‰¬¤û1 ¬ı±‡1, ø‰¬ÀÚ˜±1 ¬ÛÔ±11 fl¡±¯∏Ó¬ ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 Ê√±fl¡ÀÈ¬± ∆1 Ôfl¡±1 ‡¬ı1 ¬Û±˚˛ ·±Ú, ˜±Ú≈˝√√ ’±È¬±˝◊√√À¬ı±1 ¤fl¡±fl¡±1 ∆˝√√ Œfl¡À˜1±Ó¬ ¬ıµœ ø‰¬¤û1 ¬ı±‡1 ’±1n∏ ¬ı±øÏ¬ˇ˘º ≈√˝◊√√ ¤Ê√ÀÚ ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 Ê√±fl¡ÀÈ¬± ˝√√í˘º ‰¬±˝◊√√ ˆ¬±˘ ˘±ø·˘º [’1+¬Û1 ˜øˆ¬ Œfl¡À˜1±Ó¬ Ù¬±À˘ Ù¬È¬fl¡± ;˘±˝◊√√ √ø˘˚˛±À˘º øfl¡c ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 Ê√±fl¡ÀÈ¬± ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 ¬ıU ¬¬Ù¬ÀÈ¬± ’±ÀÂ√º Ù¬ÀÈ¬±À¬ı±1 ¤øÎ¬øÈ¬— fl¡ø1À˘

4 ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 ›¬Û1Ó¬ ¤‡Ú Ó¬Ô… ø‰¬S ˝√√í¬ıº fl¡1±À˝√√ Ú±˝◊√√º] Œ¬ı±Ò˝√√˚˛ ‡±√… ¸g±ÀÚ˝◊√√ ˜”˘ fl¡±1Ìº ‡±√… ø¬ı‰¬±ø1 ’Ú… Œfl¡À˜1±, ˘±˝◊√√È¬, ¸±˜ø1 ’±ø˝√√¬ıÕ˘ ›˘±›“ÀÓ¬ ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 Ù¬±À˘ø√›ÀÈ¬± ˚±¬ı ¬Û±ø1À˘À˝√√“ÀÓ¬Ú∑ øfl¡˚˛ Ú·í˘∑ ŒÚ Ê√±fl¡ÀÈ¬± Œ‡˘ ¬ÛÔ±1‡Ú ¬Û±1 ∆˝√√ ø˚ Ù¬±À˘ ∆·øÂ√˘ ˝√√±Ó¬œ ¸√±˚˛ ¤Àfl¡ ¬ı±ÀÈ¬ø√À˝√√ ’˝√√± Œ˚±ª± fl¡À1 ¬ı±À¬ı∑ Œ¸˝◊√√ Ù¬±À˘ ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 ø¬ıfl¡È¬ ø‰¬¤û1 qøÚ¬ıÕ˘ ¬Û±À˘±º ≈√À˚˛±È¬±˝◊√√ Œ¬ı±Ò˝√√˚˛ ¸“‰¬±º Ú˝√√íÀ˘ÀÚ± Ú≈˜˘œ·Î¬ˇ ŒÓ¬˘ ’±˜±1 ›‰¬1Ó¬ ∆1 Ôfl¡± ¬ı˚˛¸¶ö ˜±Ú≈˝√√ ≈√Ê√Úfl¡ ¸≈øÒ Œ˙±ÒÚ±·±11 Î¬◊M√√1 Ù¬±˘1 ¬Ûfl¡œÀ¬ı11 ¤fl¡ øÚø«√©Ü ·˜ ¬Û±À˘± Œ˚ ≈√ø√Ú ˜±Ú1 ’±·ÀÓ¬ Ú±˜øÚ ∆√À¢∂±— ¶ö±ÚÓ¬, fl¡±ø˘˚˛Úœ Ú√œ ¬Û±1 ∆˝√√ ’±ø˝√√ ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 Ê√±Àfl¡ ¬ıÚ±=˘Ó¬ [Ú±˜Ó¬À˝√√ ¬ıÚ±=˘, ˝√√±ø¬ı Ú±À˚˛˝◊√√] ˝√√±Ó¬œ ˜”À1À1 ‡≈øµ˚˛±˝◊√√ Œ¬ı1 ˆ¬±ø„√√ øˆ¬Ó¬1Õ˘ Œ¸±˜±¬ıÕ˘ Œ‰¬©Ü± ¤Ê√ÚœÀ˚˛ ˜‘Ó¬ Œ¬Û±ª±ø˘ õ∂¸ª fl¡ø1À˘ ’±1n∏ Œ¸˝◊√√ fl¡ø1 Ô±Àfl¡ÀÚº Œ˙±ÒÚ±·±11 øˆ¬Ó¬1Ó¬ÀÈ¬± ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 ‡±√… ˝√√±Ó¬œÊ√ÚœÀ˚˛˝◊√√ ¤øÓ¬˚˛± ø‰¬¤ûø1ÀÂ√º ˘·ÀÓ¬ Ú±˝◊√√º ·±Î¬ˇœ-˜È¬11 ˙s, Ù¬È¬fl¡±1 fl¡±Ì Ó¬±˘ ˜1± ˙s ˜±Ú≈˝√√Àfl¡˝◊√√Ê√ÀÚ fl¡íÀ˘ Œ˚ ˜±Ú≈˝√√1 Œ‡√±-Ù≈¬1±1 ¬ı±À¬ı˝◊√√ [˝√√±Ó¬œ Œ‡ø√¬ıÕ˘ Ù¬È¬fl¡± ¬ı…ª˝√√±1 fl¡À1], ‰¬fl≈¡ ‰¬±Ó¬ ˜±ø1 ¬ıÚ1œ˚˛± ˝√√±Ó¬œÀ˚˛ Œ¬Û±ª±ø˘ ø¬ıÚ±˙ fl¡À1º Ò1± Œ¬Û±˝√√1 ’±ø√ ¸√±˚˛ Œ¬Û±ª±¬ı˛ Ù¬˘Ó¬ Œ¸˝◊√√À¬ı±À1 ·±Î¬ˇœÓ¬ Œfl¡À˜1±, ˘±˝◊√√È¬ Ó≈¬ø˘ ¬Û≈Ú1 ˝√√±Ó¬œ ¬ıÚ1œ˚˛± ˝√√±Ó¬œfl¡ È¬˘±¬ı ŒÚ±ª±1± ˝√√í˘º ¬ıÚ±=˘ ¤ø√Ú Ê√±fl¡ÀÈ¬± ‰¬±¬ıÕ˘, ø¬ıÀ˙¯∏Õfl¡ ø‰¬¤ûø1 Ôfl¡± ˝√√±Ó¬œÊ√Úœ Œ˙¯∏ ˝√√í¬ıº 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ Î¬◊√…±ÚÀfl¡˝◊√√‡Ú ˝√√˚˛ÀÓ¬± Ô±øfl¡¬ıº Œ√À‡± ŒÚøfl¡ ¤˝◊√√ ˆ¬±ø¬ı ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 Ê√±fl¡ÀÈ¬± ø˚ Ù¬±À˘ Ô±øfl¡À˘› Ó¬±Ó¬ Œfl¡˝◊√√È¬± ˝√√±Ó¬œ Ô±øfl¡¬ı∑ ˝√√±Ó¬œ ¬Ûø1w˜œ ·í˘ Œ¸˝◊√√ Ù¬±À˘ ’1+À¬Û ·±Î¬ˇœ ‰¬˘±À˘º ’1+À¬Û ø√ÀÚ õ∂±Ìœ ¬ı±À¬ı ¤Àfl¡ Í¬±˝◊√√Ó¬ Ú±Ô±Àfl¡º 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ Î¬◊√…±Ú1 Œ¬Û±˝√√À1› Œ¸˝◊√√ Í¬±˝◊√√À¬ı±1 ‚”ø1 Ù≈¬À1 ¬ı±À¬ı 1±ô¶± ¬Û1± ¬ı±ø˝√√1Õ˘ ›˘±¬ı˝◊√√º ›˘±À˘˝◊√√ ˜±Ú≈˝√√1 ’Ó¬…±‰¬±1º ¬Û”√ø˘À¬ı±1 ˆ¬±˘Õfl¡ ø‰¬øÚ ¬Û±˚˛º ˜±˝◊√√Ú±˝◊√√› 1±ô¶±À¬ı±1 øfl¡¬ı± fl¡ø1 ¬ıÂ√1Àfl¡ ¬ıÂ√1 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ Î¬◊√…±ÚÀÓ¬ ’±ªX fl¡ø1 Ê√±ÀÚº ø¬ÛÀÂ√ ¬ıU”√1 Œ˚±ª±1 ø¬ÛÂ√Ó¬› ¬˝√√±Ó¬œ1 Ê√±fl¡ÀÈ¬± 1±ø‡À˘›, ¤Àfl¡√˘1 ˜±Ê√ÀÓ¬ õ∂Ê√ÚÚ ˝√√í¬ı, Ù¬˘Ó¬ Ú±¬Û±À˘±º ¸˜˚˛ 1±øÓ¬ 11 ¬ıÊ√±1 ¬ı±À¬ı ‚1Õ˘ ‚”ø1 ÚÓ≈¬Ú õ∂Ê√ij1 Œ√˝√√1 ’ªÚøÓ¬ Œ˝√√±ª±1 ¸y±ªÚ± ’øÒfl¡º ’±ø˝√√À˘±º ·±Î¬ˇœÓ¬ ¬ıø˝√√ ’±À˝√√±ÀÓ¬ ø‰¬ôL± fl¡ø1 ’±ø˝√√ÀÂ√±, ’1+¬Ûfl¡ fl¡íÀ˘±, ë’1+¬Ûí ’¸˜ Ó¬Ô± ˆ¬±1Ó¬1 Î¬◊M√√1- øfl¡˚˛ ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 Ê√±fl¡ÀÈ¬±Àª Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ˆ¬˚˛, ¸—˙˚˛ Úfl¡1±Õfl¡ ¬Û”¬ı«±=˘Ó¬ ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 ˆ¬ø¬ı¯∏…Ó¬ ’gfl¡±1íº ’1+À¬Û› ˝◊√√˜±Ú U˘¶ö”˘, Œ¬Û±˝√√1, ˜±Ú≈˝√√1 ˜±ÀÊ√ø√ ¬Û±1 ∆˝√√ ·í˘º fl¡íÀ˘, ë‰¬±1 ˜±Ú≈˝√√1› ’gfl¡±1ºí

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10 ø¬ıøˆ¬iß ·ä Ó¬Ô± ˜≈‡À1±‰¬fl¡ fl¡Ô±À1 ¬ı±‚Õ˘ ˜ÚÓ¬ ˆ¬˚˛ ø˙Àfl¡ ˜±fl¡1 ¬Û1±º ¤¸“±Ê√Ó¬ ¤È¬± ¬Û”Ì«¬ı˚˛¶® ¬ı±À‚ ·Î¬ˇˇ Œ¸±À˜±ª±˝◊√√ ø√˚˛±ÀÈ¬±º ˝◊√√˚˛±1 ˜”˘ fl¡±1Ì ˝√√í˘ ¬ı±‚1 ¬ı˘- ø˝√√‰¬±À¬ı õ∂±˚˛ √˝√√ øfl¡À˘±¢∂±˜ ˜±—¸ ‡±¬ı ¬Û±À1º øfl¡c ¬Û1±Sê˜1 fl¡Ô± ˜±Ú≈˝√√1 ø¬ıø√Ó¬º ˘À‚±ÀÌ Œfl¡˝◊√√¬ı±ø√ÀÚ± Ôfl¡±1 é¬˜Ó¬± ˝◊√√˝“√√ÀÓ¬ ¬ı˝√√Ú fl¡À1º õ∂fl‘¡Ó¬±Ô«Ó¬ ˜±Ú≈À˝√√ ˆ¬¬ı±1 √À1 ¬ı±‚ ˜±Ú≈˝√√1 ˙Sn∏ ˝√√Ó¬…± fl¡1± õ∂±ÌœÀÈ¬±1 ˜±—¸ Œ˙¯∏ ŒÚ±À˝√√±ª± ¬Û˚«ôL ›‰¬À1 Ú˝√√˚˛º ˜±Ú≈˝√√À˝√√ ˝◊√√˝“√√Ó¬1 ˙Sn∏º ˜±Ú≈˝√√ Œ√ø‡À˘˝◊√√ ¬ı±À‚ ¬Û“±Ê√À1 ø¬ı1±Ê√ fl¡1±1 Î¬◊¬Ûø1› ’Ú… õ∂±Ìœ Œ¸˝◊√√Àfl¡˝◊√√È¬± ’±Sê˜Ì Úfl¡À1º ¬ı±‚ õ∂Ê√±øÓ¬ÀÈ¬± ˝◊√√˜±Ú ¬ı¬ı«1 ’Ô¬ı± ø√ÚÓ¬ ¬ıÒ Úfl¡À1º ˝◊√√˝“√√ÀÓ¬ ’fl¡À˘ ’±1n∏ øÚ1À˘ Ô±øfl¡ øÚá≈¬À1± Ú˝√√˚˛º ˝◊√√˝“√√Ó¬ ’±‰¬˘ÀÓ¬ ’øÓ¬ ˆ¬^ õ∂±Ìœº ˆ¬±˘ ¬Û±˚˛º ≈√È¬± ˜Ó¬± ¬ı±‚ ¸˜≈‡±-¸˜≈ø‡ ˝√√íÀ˘˝◊√√ ’ªÓ¬±1Ì± ˘±Ê√fl≈¡1œ˚˛±›º ’ªÀ˙… Ú1 ‡±√fl¡1 fl¡Ô± ¸≈fl¡œ˚˛±º ¬ıU¬ı±1 ˝√√˚˛ ¤‡Ú ˚≈X1º ¸±Ò±1ÌÀÓ¬ ¤˝√√±˘ ¬ı±‚ ¬ı±ø‚Úœ ∆Ê√øªfl¡ ¬ı±‚ Œ√‡± Œ¬Û±ª±1 Œ¸Ãˆ¬±·… ‚øÈ¬ÀÂ√ fl¡±øÊ√1„√√±1 ‰¬±ø˝√√√± ¬Û”1Ì1 Œ˝√√Ó≈¬Àfl¡À˝√√ ¤Àfl¡ ˘· ˝√√˚˛º ¤˝◊√√˚˛± ’1Ì…Ó¬º ¬ı±‚ √˙«Ú fl¡1±1 Œ˝√√¬Û“±˝√√ ¸fl¡À˘±À1 Ô±Àfl¡º õ∂±fl‘¡øÓ¬fl¡ øÚ˚˛˜º ¬ı—˙ ¬ı‘øX fl¡1±1 ¬ÛXøÓ¬º Œ¬Û±ª±ø˘1 Ó¬±ÀÓ¬ ’1Ì…Ó¬ Œ√‡± Œ¬Û±ª± ¬ı±‚1 ’øˆ¬:Ó¬±˝◊√√ Î¬◊ij±√Ú± ˘±˘Ú-¬Û±˘Ú1 √±ø˚˛Q ¸•Û”Ì«1+À¬Û ˜±Àfl¡ ¬ı˝√√Ú fl¡ø1¬ı ¸±ÀÚº 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ Î¬◊√…±Ú‡ÚÓ¬ 1±øÓ¬ Œ‡± ¬ı±‚1 ‰¬fl≈¡ ≈√È¬±1 ˘·± ˝√√˚˛º Œ¬Û±ª±ø˘ õ∂±˚˛ ‰¬±ø1˜±˝√√ ¬ı˚˛¸Õ˘Àfl¡ ˜±fl¡1 Ú±µøÚfl¡ ‘√˙… ˜Ú ¬Û1À˙±ª±º ø√ÀÚ 1±øÓ¬À˚˛ ¬ıU¬ı±1 ¬ı±‚ ·±‡œ1 øÚˆ«¬1˙œ˘ ˝√√˚˛ ˚ø√, øÓ¬øÚ˜±˝√√ ˜±Ú1 ø¬ÛÂ√ÀÓ¬ Œ√‡± ¬Û±˝◊√√ÀÂ√± ˚ø√› Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ¤¬ı±1ÀÓ¬± ˝◊√√˝“√√Ó¬1 ¤È¬±À1± ˜±fl¡1 ˘·Ó¬ ˜±—¸ ˜≈‡Ó¬ ø√¬ıÕ˘ ’±1y fl¡À1º õ∂±˚˛ ¬Û1± ˆ¬±¬ı≈øfl¡ Œ¬Û±ª± Ú±˝◊√√º ¬ı1= ˜±Ú≈˝√√ Œ√‡±1 ˘À· ˘À·˝◊√√ ¤¬ıÂ√1 ˜±Ú ¬ı˚˛¸ÀÓ¬ ˜±fl¡1 ¬Û1± ø‰¬fl¡±11 Œfl¡Ã˙˘ ’±˚˛M√√ ˝◊√√˝“√√ÀÓ¬ ’±R¸ij±Ú 1é¬± fl¡ø1 ’“±Ó¬ø1 ˚±˚˛º fl¡ø1¬ı ÒÀ1º ¤¬ıÂ√1 ˜±Úfl¡±˘ ˜±fl¡1 ¬Û1± ø‰¬fl¡±11 Ê√Ú± ˚±˚˛ Œ˚ õ∂±˚˛ ≈√˝◊√√ ø˜ø˘˚˛Ú ¬ıÂ√11 ¬Û”À¬ı«˝◊√√ ¬ı±‚ Œfl¡Ã˙˘ ’±˚˛M√√ fl¡1±1 ¬Û±Â√Ó¬ õ∂±˚˛ ≈√˝◊√√ ¬ıÂ√1 ¬ı˚˛¸Ó¬ ˜±fl¡1 õ∂Ê√±øÓ¬ÀÈ¬±1 Î¬◊»¬ÛøM√√ ∆˝√√øÂ√˘º ‰¬œÚ Œ√˙1 √øé¬Ì ¸e ¤ø1 ¶§Ó¬1œ˚˛±Õfl¡ Ô±øfl¡¬ı1 ¬ı±À¬ı ’±“Ó¬ø1 ˚±˚˛º ¤ÀÚ ’=À˘˝◊√√ ’±øÂ√˘ ˝◊√√˝“√√Ó¬1 Î¬◊»¬ÛøM√√ ¶ö˘º fl¡±˘Sê˜Ó¬ ˝◊√√ ’ª¶ö±Ó¬ ≈√¬ıÂ√1œ˚˛± Œ¬Û±ª±ø˘ÀÈ¬±1 Î¬±„√√1 ø‰¬fl¡±1 ¸yª ’Ú… ¸≈ø¬ıÒ±Ê√Úfl¡ Í¬±˝◊√√Õ˘À˚˛± ø¬ıô¶‘øÓ¬ ˘±ˆ¬ fl¡À1º ¬¬Û”¬ı«ÀÓ¬ Ú˝√√˚˛º ¸1n∏ ¸1n∏ ’±1n∏ ¸˝√√Ê√ ø‰¬fl¡±1ÀÓ¬ ’±ªX Ô±Àfl¡ ¬ı±‚1 ’±Í¬È¬± Î¬◊¬Û-Ê√±øÓ¬¬ Ôfl¡±1 fl¡Ô± Ê√Ú± ˚±˚˛º Ó¬±À1 ˝◊√√˝“√√Ó¬º ¤ÀÚ ¬ı˚˛¸Ó¬ ˚ø√ ¸ij≈‡Ó¬ ˜±Ú≈˝√√ ¬Û±˚˛, ŒÓ¬ÀôL øÓ¬øÚÈ¬± Î¬◊¬Û-õ∂Ê√±øÓ¬1 ˝◊√√øÓ¬˜ÀÒ… ø¬ı˘≈ø5 ‚øÈ¬˘ ’±1n∏ ˜±Ú≈À˝√√± ˝◊√√˝“√√Ó¬1 ø‰¬fl¡±1 Œ˝√√±ª±1 ¸y±ªÚ± ÚÔfl¡± Ú˝√√˚˛º ¬ı±fl¡œ Ôfl¡± Œfl¡˝◊√√È¬±› ø¬ı˘≈ø51 ¬ÛÔÓ¬º ’ªÀ˙… ¬ı≈Ï¬ˇ± ¬ı˚˛¸Ó¬ Ú1‡±√fl¡ Œ˝√√±ª±ÀÈ¬± ¸˝√√Ê√ ø‰¬fl¡±11 ¬ı±‚1 ·Í¬Ú Ê√ij·Ó¬ ˆ¬±À¬ı˝◊√√ ’±·¬ı˘œº ’±·¬ı˘œ ’Ú…Ó¬˜º Œ˝√√±ª±1 ¬ı±À¬ı˝◊√√ ¬ı±‚ ’ø˜Ó¬ ˙øMê√1 ’øÒfl¡±1œº ¬ı±‚ ¶§±ª˘•§œ ø˝√√‰¬±À¬Û ¬ı±¸ fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘ ˚±›“ÀÓ¬ ˝◊√√˝“√√ÀÓ¬ ˜±—¸˝√√±1œ õ∂±Ìœº ˝◊√√˝“√√ÀÓ¬ ’±˝√√±11 ¬ı±À¬ı õ∂À˚˛±Ê√Úœ˚˛ ˜±—¸ ’1Ì…Ó¬ ¤Àfl¡±È¬±Õfl¡ ¤À˘fl¡± øÚX«±1Ì fl¡ø1 ¸œ˜± ¬ı±øg ¬ıÚÀÓ¬˝◊√√ Œ˚±·±1 fl¡ø1 ˘˚˛ ø‰¬fl¡±1 fl¡ø1º ’ªÀ˙… ˘˚˛º ¸±Ò±1ÌÀÓ¬ ¸œ˜± øÚX«±1Ì fl¡À1±ÀÓ¬ øfl¡Â≈√˜±Ú ·Â√1 õ∂À˚˛±Ê√ÚÓ¬Õfl¡ ’øÒfl¡ õ∂±Ìœ ˝√√Ó¬…± fl¡ø1 ˝√√±øÚ fl¡1±1 ·±Ó¬ ÚÀ‡À1 ’±“‰≈¬ø1 ø‰¬Ú ø√ ˘˚˛ ’Ô¬ı± ¶§-˜≈ÀSÀ1 ¸œ˜± ¬Ûé¬¬Û±Ó¬œ ˝◊√√˝“√√Ó¬ Ú˝√√˚˛º fl¡±øÊ√1„√√± 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ Î¬◊√…±ÚÓ¬ ¬ı±À‚ øÚX«±1Ì fl¡À1º ·Â√1 ·±Ó¬ ÚÀ‡À1 ’±“‰≈¬ø1 ø‰¬Ú ø√¬ıÕ˘ ¸‰¬1±‰¬1 ˝√√±Ó¬œ Œ¬Û±ª±ø˘, ·“Î¬ˇ¬ Œ¬Û±ª±ø˘, ˜í˝√√√√ ’±1n∏ ¬ÛU ˝◊√√˝“√√ÀÓ¬ ¸±Ò±1ÌÀÓ¬ fl¡±øÊ√1„√√±1 ’1Ì…Ó¬ øÚ¬ı«±‰¬Ú fl¡À1 ø‰¬fl¡±1 fl¡ø1 Ê√œªÚ Ò±1Ì fl¡À1º ¤˝◊√√ ø‰¬fl¡±1 ¸1n∏ÀÓ¬˝◊√√ Î¬◊ø1˚˛±˜ ’±1n∏ ø˙˜˘≈ ·Â√º

11 ’øÓ¬ ˆ¬^ øÚ˜Ê√ Œ√˝√√1 ¬ı±À‚ ˜±ÀÊ√ ¸˜À˚˛ ˜±Ú≈˝√√fl¡ È≈¬øÈ¬ ’±ø˝√√¬ı Ò1±Ó¬ ¸˜”˝√√ ¬ıÚ… õ∂±Ìœ ¸ÇÈ¬±¬Ûiß ∆˝√√ ’±ø˝√√ÀÂ√º ’±Ó¬øÇÓ¬ fl¡1± ‚È¬Ú±˝◊√√ ¬ı±Ó¬ø1 fl¡±fl¡Ó¬1 ø˙À1±Ú±˜± √‡˘ õ∂øÓ¬ÀÈ¬± õ∂Ê√±øÓ¬1 ¬ıÚ…õ∂±Ìœ ∆˝√√ ¬Ûø1ÀÂ√ ¬Û1Í≈¬ª±º fl¡1± Œ√‡± ˚±˚˛º ’±‰¬˘ÀÓ¬ ˝◊√√˝“√√ÀÓ¬ ‡±√…1 ¸g±ÚÓ¬ ø¬ı¬Û√±¬Ûißº ˆ¬±1Ó¬¬ı¯∏«Ó¬ ÚÓ≈¬Ú ˙øÓ¬fl¡±øÈ¬1 ’±1yøÌÀÓ¬ ’1Ì…1 ¬Û1± ›˘±˝◊√√ ’±ø˝√√ ¸1n∏ ˝√√±ø¬ı-Ù≈¬È≈¬fl¡±øÚ ’±ø√Ó¬ õ∂±˚˛ ‰¬±À1 øÓ¬øÚ ˝√√±Ê√±1 ˜±Ú ¬ı±‚ Ôfl¡±1 fl¡Ô± Ê√Ú± ’±|˚˛ ˘˚˛º ŒÓ¬ÀÚ ’ª¶ö±Ó¬ Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ˜±Ú≈˝√√1 ‘√ø©Ü Œ·±‰¬1 ˚±˚˛º ¬ıÓ«¬˜±Ú õ∂±˚˛ Ó¬±1 ¤fl¡ Ó‘¬Ó¬œ˚˛±—˙ ˜±ÚÀ˝√√ ’ªø˙©Ü ˝√√íÀ˘ ø‰¬¤û1-¬ı±‡1 fl¡ø1 ¬ı±‚ÀÈ¬±fl¡ Œ¸˝◊√√ Í¬±˝◊√√1 ¬Û1± Œ‡√±¬ı ∆˝√√ ∆1ÀÂ√º ¸±Ò±1ÌÀÓ¬ ¬ı±‚1 ‡±√…1 ’ˆ¬±ª ‚øÈ¬ÀÂ√ ˚ø√› ‡≈øÊ√ ’Ô¬ı± ˚±øÍ¬-ŒÊ√±— ∆˘ ˝√√Ó¬…± fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘ Î¬◊√…Ó¬ ˝√√˚˛º fl¡±øÊ√1„√√± 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ Î¬◊√…±ÚÓ¬ ˝◊√√˝“√√Ó¬1 ¬ı±À¬ı Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ’ˆ¬±ª ¤ÀÚ Œé¬SÓ¬ ’±Ó¬øÇÓ¬ ∆˝√√ ’±R1é¬± fl¡ø1 ¬Û˘±˚˛Ú Ú±˝◊√√º Î¬◊Õˆ¬Ú√œ ˝◊√√˝“√√Ó¬1 ‡±√…º ·“Î¬ˇ Œ¬Û±ª±ø˘øÈ¬ ¬ı±‚ÀÈ¬±Àª fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘ ≈√˝◊√√ ¤Ê√Ú Œ˘±fl¡fl¡ ’±˝√√Ó¬ fl¡À1º ¤ÀÚ ˝√√Ó¬…± fl¡ø1øÂ√˘ ’±˝√√±11 ¬ı±À¬ıÀ˝√√º ø¸À˚˛± Ê√œªÚ øÚ¬ı«±˝√√ ’±‰¬1ÌÓ¬ øÚ˝√√Ó¬ Œ˘±fl¡1 ø¬ı¯∏À˚˛ Ê√Ú± Ú±˚±˚˛º ø˚ ¬ı±À‚ fl¡ø1¬ı ˘±ø·¬ıº õ∂fl‘¡øÓ¬1 øÚ˚˛˜±Ú≈¸±À1˝◊√√ ¤˝◊√√ ˝√√Ó¬…±º ¤Àfl¡±È¬± ·Ú± ˜í˝√√ Ï¬fl¡±ÀÈ¬±ÀÓ¬ Ò±1±¸±˚˛œ fl¡ø1¬ı ¬Û±À1 Î¬◊√…±Ú ’±¬ı±¸œ ˙Ó¬±øÒfl¡ ¬ı±‚1 ’±Sê˜ÌÓ¬ fl¡±øÊ√1„√√± ŒÓ¬ÀÚ ¬ı±‚1 ¬ı±À¬ı Ó≈¬˘Ú±˜”˘fl¡ ˆ¬±Àª ˜±Ú≈˝√√ ŒÓ¬ÀÚ˝◊√√ 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ Î¬◊√…±ÚÓ¬ øfl¡˜±Ú ¸—‡…fl¡ õ∂±Ìœ1 ˜‘Ó≈¬… ˝√√˚˛, ¤˝◊√√˚˛± øÚ1œ˝√√º ¤Àfl¡ ’±¯∏±À1 Œfl¡±ª± ¸yª Ú˝√√˚˛º ¬ı±À‚ øÚÊ√ ’±¬ı±¸¶ö˘ Ó¬…±· fl¡ø1 ¬ı±ø˝√√1 ›˘±˝◊√√ õ∂Ó¬…±ªÓ«¬√Ú fl¡±˘Ó¬ ¬ı±‚1 øfl¡Â≈√≈ fl¡Ô± ¬Û±&ø˘ ’±ø˝√√¬ıÕ˘ ¬ı±Ò… Œ˝√√±ª±1 ˜”˘ fl¡±1Ì ˜±Úª Ê√±øÓ¬À˝√√º Ô±Àfl¡±ÀÓ¬˝◊√√ ˝◊√√fl¡1±Ìœ Î¬1±1 ¬Û1± ¬ı±»¸˘…Ó¬± ˆ¬1± ·“Î¬ˇ ˜±Ú≈˝√√1 Ê√Ú¸—‡…±1 ˝√√±1 ^nÓ¬ ·øÓ¬Ó¬ ¬ı‘øX Œ¬Û±ª±1 ¬ı±À¬ı, Ê√Úœ1 Î¬◊“fl¡-Î¬◊fl“¡ ˜±Ó¬1 ˘·ÀÓ¬ ˝◊√√fl¡1±ÌœÓ¬ ‡1‡1Ìœ ˙s Ê√Ú¬ı¸øÓ¬ ¬ı…±¬Ûfl¡ˆ¬±Àª ø¬ıô¶±1 Œ˝√√±ª±Ó¬ ’±1n∏ qÚ± ·í˘º ˆ¬˚˛ ø¬ı˝3√√˘Ó¬±˝◊√√ ’±˜±fl¡ ¬fl¡ø•ÛÓ¬ fl¡ø1 ’Ó¬…±øÒfl¡ˆ¬±Àª ¬ıÚÊ√ ¸•Û√1 ‰¬±ø˝√√√± ˜±Úª ¸˜±Ê√Ó¬ Ó≈¬ø˘À˘º ’±ø˜ øÚ–˙Às ¶§±¸1n∏X ¬Ûø1À¬ı˙Ó¬ ^nÓ¬ ¬ı‘øX Œ¬Û±ª±Ó¬ ¬ıÚ… õ∂±Ìœ1 ’±¬ı±¸¶ö˘¸˜”˝√√ ø√Úfl¡ ø√ÀÚ ·øÓ¬À1 ’“±Ó¬ø1 ’±ø˝√√À˘±º

¿À‡1œ˚˛± ¬ıÚ…õ∂±Ìœ ¸—1é¬Ì1 ¤Ê√Ú ’Ó≈¬…»¸±˝√√œ ¸˜Ô«fl¡ Ó¬Ô± øÚ¶§±Ô« fl¡˜«œº fl¡±øÊ√1„√√± 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ Î¬◊√…±Ú1 ¸fl¡À˘± Ó¬Ô…-¬Û±øÓ¬, ‡≈øÓ¬-Ú±øÈ¬ ŒÓ¬À‡Ó¬1 Ú˜√¬Û«ÌÓ¬º ˜¬ı±˝◊√√˘ Ú•§1 – 9435154126º

12 ˜±Î¬◊∞I◊ Œ‰¬∞I◊ Œ˝√√À˘k1 Î¬◊√ƒø·1Ì (Eruption of Mount St. Helens)

Œ˜±ø˝√√Úœ ﬂ≈¡˜±1 ·Õ·

’±À˜ø1fl¡± ˚≈Mê√1±©Ü™1 Î¬◊M√√1 ¬Ûø(˜Àfl¡±ÌÓ¬ Œ˝√√À˘k1 Ó≈¬¯∏±1 ˙‘—· Ê√˘Ó¬ õ∂øÓ¬ø¬ıø•§Ó¬ ∆˝√√ ’¬Û1+¬Û ’ªø¶öÓ¬ ª±øù´—È¬Ú 1±Ê√… ¤‡Ú õ∂±fl‘¡øÓ¬fl¡ Œ¸Ãµ˚« ’±1n∏ ¸‘ø©Ü fl¡À1º ¤˝◊√√ ˝}√√√1 Ú±˜ ø¶Ûø1È¬ ˝}√√√ (Spirit Lake) ¸•Û√À1 ˆ¬1¬Û”1 ø¬ıÀÓ¬±¬ÛÚ 1±Ê√…º Ó≈¬¯∏±1¬ı‘M√√ ˙‘—·, ’±1n∏ ˝◊√√˚˛±1 ¸•Ûfl«¡Ó¬ ’ÀÚfl¡ Î¬◊À~‡Úœ˚˛ ‚È¬Ú± ¸øißø¬ı©Ü ¬Û¬ı3«Ó¬, ¬Û±˝√√±1, ∆ˆ¬˚˛±˜, Ú√-Ú√œ, Î¬◊¬ÛÓ¬…fl¡±, ¸1n∏-¬ı1 ∆˝√√ÀÂ√º ’ÀÚfl¡ ˝}√√À√À1 ’±È¬fl¡ñ Ò≈Úœ˚˛± Œˆ¬ÃÀ·±ø˘fl¡ ¬Ûø1À¬ı˙1 ∆¬ı:±øÚfl¡¸fl¡À˘ ¬ı…ª˝√√±1 fl¡1± ¬Û˚«À¬ıé¬Ì1 ¸±- ¸˜±À¬ı˙º ¤˝◊√√ 1±Ê√…À1 ’ôLˆ¬≈«Mê√ ¤˘±øÚ ¬Û¬ı«Ó¬˜±˘± ¸1?±˜À¬ı±1 ŒÓ¬øÓ¬˚˛± ‰¬±˘≈fl¡œ˚˛± ’ª¶ö±ÀÓ¬˝◊√√ ’±øÂ√˘ ’Ó¬œÊ√À1 ¬Û1± ’ø¢ü·ˆ¬«± ’±1n∏ Î¬◊√ø·1Ì˜≈‡œ Î¬◊M√√1 ’±1n∏ Œ˚øÓ¬˚˛± 1792 ‰¬ÚÓ¬ Ê√Ê«√ Œˆ¬Úfl≈¡ˆ¬±1 (George Van- √øé¬Ì fl¡±‰¬Àfl¡ƒ Œ1? 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14 ¬Ûø1øÂ√˘º Œ¸˝◊√√¬ ı‘X˝◊√√ Ê√œªÚfl¡ Ó≈¬26√ fl¡ø1 øÚÊ√1 øÚ¬ı±¸ øÎ¬¬Û±È«¬À˜∞I◊1 ¬ıÚ…õ∂±Ìœ Œ¸ª±1 ˜ÀÓ¬ (Washington Ó¬…±· Úfl¡1±Ó¬ ø¬ıÀ¶£¬±1ÌÓ¬ õ∂fl¡±G ø˙˘1 ‡G ˝}√√√Ó¬ State Deptt. of Games) 1500 È¬± ¤{√®, 5000 ¬Û1±Ó¬ ’±1n∏ Œ¬ı±fl¡± ˘±ˆ¬±˝◊√√ ›¬Ûø‰¬ ¬Û1±Ó¬ øÓ¬øÚ˙ Ù≈¬È¬ fl¡í˘± ŒÚÊ√1 ˝√√ø1Ì, 200 fl¡˘± ˆ¬±˘≈fl¡, 11,000 È¬± ˝}√√√1 Ó¬˘Ó¬ Ê√±˝√√ ·í˘º ’±À¢ü˚˛ø·ø1 Î¬◊ƒ√ø·1Ìfl¡Õ˘ ˙˝√√± 15 È¬± ø¸—˝√√1 Î¬◊¬Ûø1› ’ÀÚfl¡ ¸1n∏-¬ı1 õ∂±Ìœ øÚÒÚ ’ÀÚfl¡ Ê√äÚ±-fl¡äÚ± ’±1n∏ Ó¬»fl¡±˘œÚ ¶ö±Ú±ôL11 ¬ı…ª¶ö± ˝√√í˘º ‰¬1fl¡±ø1 Ó¬Ô… ’Ú≈¸ø1 57 Ê√Ú ˜±Ú≈˝√√1 õ∂±Ì ˝√√±øÚ ¸±Ê≈√ ’±1n∏ ˜±Ú˝√√1 Î¬◊ø¡Z¢üÓ¬±º ˜±Î¬◊∞I◊ Œ‰¬∞I◊ Œ˝√√À˘k Ú±˜Ó¬ Œ˝√√±ª± ¬ı≈ø˘ Ê√Ú± ˚±˚˛º ’ÀÚfl¡ ·±Ú, ù≠í·±Ú, 1‰¬Ú± ’±1n∏ øÈ¬¬ ‰¬±È«¬ ’±ø√ ¸±- Œˆ¬Ã·ø˘fl¡ ¬Ûø1Àª˙ ’±1n∏ ˆ¬”-ˆ¬±·Ó¬ Ôfl¡± Ú√œ- ¸“Ê≈√ø˘› øÚ˜«±Ì ˝√√í¬ıÕ˘ Òø1À˘º Î¬◊ø¡Z¢üÓ¬± ’±1n∏ Ú˘±, ø¬ı˘, ˝}√√√ Î¬◊¬ÛÓ¬…fl¡± ¸˜ˆ¬”ø˜1 Î¬◊¬Ûø1 ¬ˆ¬±· ’Ú≈¸øg»¸≈1 ’ôL Ú±˝◊√√º Î¬◊ƒ√ø·1Ì1 õ∂±fl¡ƒ˜≈˝√√”Ó«¬1 ’±À¢ü˚˛ø·ø11 Â√±˝◊√√, Œ¬ı±fl¡±, ˘±ˆ¬± ø¬ı2‰≈¬ø1Ó¬ ∆˝√√ 17 ˜±˝◊√√˘ ø√ÚÀfl¡˝◊√√È¬± ’±À¢ü˚˛ø·ø11 ˙œ¯∏«‰”¬Î¬ˇ± ø√ÀÚ 50 Ù≈¬È¬ ˜±ÚÕfl¡ ¬Û˚«ôL ø‰¬øÈ¬øfl¡ ¬Ûø1 ø¬ıô¶‘Ó¬ 234 ¬ı·«˜±˝◊√√˘ ¤À˘fl¡±1 ›‡Õ˝√√ 450 Ù≈¬È¬ ¬Û˚«ôL Î¬◊2‰¬Ó¬± Ò1± ø√À˚˛º ’fl¡äÚœ˚˛ ’ˆ¬±ªÚœ˚˛ ’ª¶ö±1 ¸‘ø©Ü fl¡À1º ø¬ı˙±˘ Î¬◊ƒ√ø·1Ì1 ˜≈˝√√”Ó«¬ – 1980 ‰¬Ú1 18 Œ˜í1 ø¬ı˙±˘ ø˙˘1 È≈¬fl≈¡1± (Avalanches) Î¬◊Ù¬ø1 ’±ø˝√√ ›‰¬11 ¬Û≈ª±ÀÓ¬˝◊√√ ’±fl¡±˙-¬ıÓ¬±˝√√ ’¶§±ˆ¬±øªfl¡ ’±1n∏ Œ·±˜± ˝}√√√, Ú√œ, ø¬ı˘Ó¬ ¬Ûø1 ø¬ıfl‘¡Ó¬ ’±1n∏ ·øÓ¬ Œ1±Ò fl¡ø1 ¬Ûø1Àª˙º øfl¡¬ı± ¤È¬± Œ˚Ú ’‚È¬Ú ‚È¬±1 ˝◊√√—ø·Ó¬ ø√À˘º Œ¬Û˘±˚˛º ø¶Ûø1È¬ Œ˘fl¡Ó¬ ¤È¬± õ∂fl¡±G ø˙˘1 È≈¬fl≈¡1± ¤˚˛± øfl¡∑ ˜±Î¬◊∞I◊ Œ‰¬∞I◊ Œ˝√√À˘k1 ˙‘—·-Â√±˝◊√√-¬ı±©Û ’±1n∏ ¤È¬±˝◊√√ ¸˜≈√±˚˛ ’±ªÓ«¬ fl¡ø1 Œ¬Û˘±˝◊√√ ’±1n∏ Œ¬ı±fl¡±, ·Â√1 ·ø˘Ó¬ ø˙˘ ˘±ˆ¬±À1 ’±fl¡±˙Õ˘ é¬œõ∂ ·øÓ¬Ó¬ øÚÀé¬¬Û È≈¬fl≈¡1± ’±1n∏ Ê√±ª1-ŒÊ√±ÔÀ1 ˆ¬1±˝◊√√ Œ¬Û˘±˚˛º Œ¸˝◊√√√À1 fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘ Òø1ÀÂ√º ¬Û≈ª± 8-32 ø˜øÚÈ¬Ó¬ ’±1y Œ˝√√±ª± È¬±Î¬◊È≈¬˘ Ù¬ífl«¡ (Toutle Fork) Ú±˜1 Ú√œ‡Ú ˘±ˆ¬± ’±1n∏ ø¬ıÀ¶£¬±1Ì õ∂±˚˛ 9 ø˜øÚÈ¬ Òø1 ¤Àfl¡ Œ˘Í¬±ø1À˚˛ Â√±˝◊√√, Œ¬ı±fl¡±À1 ¬Û≈øÓ¬ ≈√È¬± ¸”øÓ¬Õ˘ 1+¬Û±ôL1 fl¡À1º √øé¬Ì ’±1n∏ Œ¬ı±fl¡±, ·ø˘Ó¬ Ò±Ó≈¬1 Â√±øÓ¬ ¸‘√˙ ¤È¬± ·ˆ¬œ1 ¬ı˘À˚˛ Î¬◊M√√1 Ù¬ífl«¡ Ú±À˜À1º È¬±›È≈¬˘ Ú√œÀ1 10˚15 Ù≈¬È¬ ¬Û˚«ôL ’±fl¡±˙ Â√±øÚ Òø1 ’gfl¡±1 fl¡ø1 Ó≈¬ø˘À˘º ¸‚ÀÚ Œ¬ı±fl¡± ’±1n∏ Â√±˝◊√√1 ‰¬±˜øÚ ∆˘ ∆· 45 ˜±˝◊√√˘ ”1Ó¬ Ôfl¡± ø¬ıÀ¶£¬±1Ì1 ¬Û1± ›À˘±ª± ˝√√±Ê√±1 ˝√√±Ê√±1 &˘œ1 ˙s1 fl¡±Î¬◊˘œÈ¬Ê√ (Coulitz) ’±1n∏ fl¡˘ø•§˚˛± Ú√œ1 ·ˆ¬œ1Ó¬± √À1 ’±À¢ü˚˛ø·ø1 Î¬◊ƒ√ø·1Ì1 ·Ê«√Ú ˝√√í¬ı Òø1À˘º õ∂‰¬G ¬Û˚«ôL Ó¬1±— fl¡ø1 Ê√±˝√√±Ê√ ‰¬˘±‰¬˘Ó¬ ¬ı…±‚±Ó¬ Ê√ij±˚˛º Ó¬±¬Û ’±1n∏∏ ø¬ıÀ¶£¬±ø1Ó¬ ¬Û√±Ô« ’±¶£¬±˘Ì1 Ù¬˘Ó¬ ‰¬±ø1› fl¡˘ø•§˚˛± Ú√œ1 ŒÚøˆ¬À·˙…ÚÓ¬ ¬ı±Ò±¢∂ô¶ ˝√√˚˛º Ù¬±˘1 ¬Û1± Î¬◊M√√5 ‚”øÌ«¬ıÓ¬±À˝√√ ·Â√-·Â√øÚ ’±1n∏ ¬Û±˝√√±11 ’±À¢ü˚˛ø·ø11 ¬Û1± øÚÀé¬¬ÛÚ Œ˝√√±ª± Â√±˝◊√√1 4˚5 Ù≈¬È¬ ŒÙ¬±À¬Û±˘± ˜±øÈ¬ Î¬◊1n∏ª±˝◊√√ ’±1n∏ ø˝√√˘√˘ ˆ¬±ø„√√ Œ˜±˝√√±ø1 ‰¬±˜øÚÀ¬ı±1 ŒÈ¬˘fl≈¡˜ ¬Û±Î¬◊√±11 √À1 ¬ı·± ’±1n∏ ø¬ıô¶‘Ó¬ ˜ø¯∏˜”1 fl¡ø1À˘º ˝√√±Ê√±1 ˝√√±Ê√±1 Î¬·ƒ˘±‰ƒ¬Ù¬±1, Œ‰¬√±1, ¤À˘fl¡± Ï¬±øfl¡ Î¬◊øæ√√ ’±ø√ ø¬ıÚ©Ü fl¡À1º ’±À¢ü˚˛ø·ø1 Œ˝√√˜˘fl¡ ·Â√-˜≈˝√√”Ó«¬1 øˆ¬Ó¬1ÀÓ¬ √±ø˝√√-˜≈ø˝√√ Î¬◊ˆ¬±ø˘, ¬Ûfl¡±˝◊√√ Î¬◊ƒ√ø·1Ì1 õ∂±ª˘… ’ª¶ö±Õ˘ ‰¬±˝◊√√ ¬ıv±©Ü Ê√íÚ, ¬¬ıvíÎ¬±Î¬◊Ú øÂ√1±øÂ√1 fl¡ø1 Ò√ı—¸d¬ÛÓ¬ ¬Ûø1ÌÓ¬ fl¡ø1À˘º õ∂±˚˛ Ê√íÚ ’±ø√ Ú±˜Ó¬ ’=˘À¬ı±1 ø¬ıˆ¬±Ê√Ú fl¡ø1 ˚Ô±ø¬ıø˝√√Ó¬ 86,600 ¤fl¡1 ¤À˘fl¡± ’±1n∏ 1.7 øÚ˚≈Ó¬ ¬ıíÎ«¬Ù≈¬È¬ ¬ı…ª¶ö±1 ø√˝√√± fl¡1± ˝√√˚˛º õ∂Ò±ÚÓ¬– ¬Û≈Ú1n∏X±11 ¬ı±À¬ı ˜”˘…ª±Ú fl¡±Í¬1 ø¬ıÚ©Ü ‚È¬±˚˛º Ê√œª-Ê√c1 é¬øÓ¬› ˘í¬ı˘·œ˚˛± ¬ı…ª¶ö±1 ¸±À¬Ûé¬º ø¶Ûø1È¬ Œ˘fl¡ ˝√√±˝◊√√Àª Î¬◊À¡Z·Ê√Úfl¡ ’±1n∏ ’¬Û”1Ìœ˚˛º ª±øù´—È¬Ú Œ©ÜÈ¬ (Spirit Lake Highway) 1 37˜±˝◊√√˘ ·ø˘Ó¬ ¬Û√±Ô«1

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171 ˝√√±Ó¬1 ﬂ≈¡Í¬±1 ˆ¬ø1Ó¬ Œ·±À˘±ﬂ¡ ‰¬f √M√√

¸±Ò≈ ¸e1 ˘·Ó¬ Ô±øfl¡ ˆ¬·ª±Ú1 Ú±˜ |ªÌ- fl‘¡ø˜ fl¡œÈ¬ ˝√√ô¶œ Œ‚±1± ˜‘· ¬ı‘é¬ ¬Ûé¬œº fl¡œM«√√Ú fl¡ø1 ˚±ÀÓ¬ fl¡ø˘ fl¡±˘1 Œ˘±Àfl¡ ’±R±1 ø¬ıfl¡±˙ ·1n∏ Î¬◊È¬ ˜ø˝√√¯∏ ¬Ûqfl¡ ˚Ó¬ Œ√ø‡ºº92 ¸±ÒÚ fl¡ø1¬ı ¬Û±À1 Œ¸˝◊√√ Î¬◊ÀV…˙… ’±·Ó¬ 1±ø‡ ø¡ZÊ√ ˙”^ ÒÚœ ≈√‡œ Ó¬¬Û¶§œ ˚ÀÓ¬fl¡º ˜˝√√±¬Û≈1n∏¯∏ ¿¿ ˙Ç1À√Àª ’Ú…±Ú… ¬Û≈øÔ1 ˘·ÀÓ¬ 1±Ê√ 1±Ê√ˆ‘¬Ó¬… ’Ú… ˜Ú≈À¯…∏ ’ÀÚfl¡ºº ø¬ıøˆ¬iß ¶ö±ÚÓ¬ ø¬ıøˆ¬iß ¸˜˚˛Ó¬ fl¡œM«√√Ú Œ‚±¯∏± 1‰¬Ú± ¸¬ı±À1± ·‘˝√√Ó¬ ¬ı±À1 ¬ı±À1 ∆ˆ¬À˘± Ê√±Ó¬º fl¡ø1øÂ√˘º Ó¬±À1 ’Ú…Ó¬˜ ’Ò…±˚˛ Î¬◊À1¯∏± ¬ıÌ«Ú ˝√√í˘ ’ÀÚfl¡1 ∆ˆ¬À˘± õ∂ˆ≈¬ ˆ‘¬Ó¬… ’¸—‡…±Ó¬ºº93 ŒÓ¬1±1 Ê√œªÚ1 ’±ø√ ˆ¬±·ÀÓ¬ ¬ıËp¡ ¬Û≈1±Ì1 õ∂±˚˛ Œ√ª ˜Ú≈¯∏…Ó¬ ¬Ûq ¬ÛÓ¬eÓ¬ Œ‰¬ÃÒ…È¬± ’Ò…±˚˛1 ¬Û1± ’¸˜œ˚˛± ˆ¬±¯∏±Ó¬ õ∂fl¡±ø˙Ó¬ Ê√·Ó¬ ˜Ò…Ó¬ ¶§±˜œ ¬Û√º Œ¬ı√±ôL1 ˆ¬±À˘˜±Ú Ó¬N ¸¬ı«¸±Ò±1ÀÌ ¬ı≈øÊ√√¬ı Œ‰¬ÃÒ…˚˛ ˆ”¬¬ıÀÚ Œ˝√√Ú ¶ö±Ú Ú±˝◊√√ ¬Û1±Õfl¡ ¬Û≈1±Ì ¸˜”˝√√ ¸˜˚˛Ó¬ 1ø‰¬Ó¬ ˝√√í˘º ˝◊√√˚˛±1 fl¡±ø˝√√Úœ ∆˚fl¡ ÚÓ≈¬ ˚±› ’±ø˜ ºº 95 ø¬ı˘±fl¡1 ’ôL1±˘Ó¬ Ÿ¬ø¯∏ ˜≈øÌ1 øÚø‰¬Ú± Œ˘±fl¡1 ‘√ø©ÜÓ¬ ¤˝◊√√ø‡øÚ ¬fl¡Ô± ¬ı≈Ê√±Ó¬ ’¸≈ø¬ıÒ± ¤Àfl¡± Ú±˝◊√√º ¤˝◊√√ Ò1± ø√˚˛± ·”Ï¬ˇ Ó¬N˜”˘fl¡ fl¡Ô± ø¬ı˘±fl¡ ’±ÀÂ√º ’±Úøfl¡ fl¡Ô±ø‡øÚ ¤Àfl¡¬ı±À1 ¸˝√√Ê√ ¸1˘ Œ˚Ú ˘±ø·À˘› ¸‘ø©Ü1 1˝√√¸…, Ê√œª1 ø¬ıfl¡±˙ ’±ø√ fl¡Ô± ø¬ı˘±Àfl¡± ˝◊√√˚˛±ÀÓ¬ õ∂fl¡±˙ ¬Û±˝◊√√ÀÂ√ ˜˝√√±Ú Ó¬Nº Œ¸˝◊√√ Ó¬NÀÈ¬± ’±ÀÂ√º ∆‰¬Ó¬Ú…˝◊√√ Œ¬Û±ÚÀÓ¬ ø˙˘±‡G, Ó¬±1 ø¬ÛÂ√Ó¬ Ó¬1n∏-Ó‘¬ÌÓ¬, ¤˝◊√√ Î¬◊À1¯∏± ¬ıÌ«Ú ’Ò…±˚˛Ó¬ ¤Õfl¡˙È¬± Œ‚±¯∏± Ó¬±1 ø¬ÛÂ√Ó¬ ¬Ûq ¬Ûé¬œ ’±1n∏ ’ªÀ˙¯∏Ó¬ ˜±Ú≈˝√√Õ˘ ’±ÀÂ√º Ó¬±À1 ’©Ü˜ ’±1n∏ Úª˜ Œ‚±¯∏±Ó¬ ¸‘ø©Ü Ó¬N Î¬◊øißÓ¬ Œ˝√√±ª±1 õ∂fl¡±1ôLÀ1 ¤È¬± Î¬◊À~‡º ’±Ò≈øÚfl¡ ’±1n∏ Ê√œª±R±˝◊√√ fl¡˜«¬ıgÚ1 Ù¬˘Ó¬ ¸—¸±11 ø¬ıøˆ¬iß ø‰¬ôL±Ò±1±Ó¬ ‚±˝◊√√Õfl¡ øÔ’í‰¬øÙ¬ Ó¬Ô± ¬ıËp¡ø¬ı√…±˝◊√√ õ∂fl¡±˙ Í¬±˝◊√√Ó¬ ø¬ıøˆ¬iß 1+¬ÛÓ¬ Ê√ij˘±ˆ¬ fl¡1±1 ø¬ı¯∏À˚˛ ˝◊√√—ø·Ó¬ fl¡ø1ÀÂ√ Œ˚ ¤˝◊√√ ¸fl¡À˘± ø¬ı˘±fl¡ 1+¬Û±ôL1 ˝√√í˘ ∆‰¬Ó¬Ú…1º ’±fl¡±1Ó¬ õ∂fl¡±˙ fl¡ø1ÀÂ√º ¬ÛΩ¬Û≈1±ÀÌ± õ∂±‰¬œÚ ¢∂Lö Œ¸˝◊√√ ∆‰¬Ó¬Ú…fl¡º ¬Û1˜˙øMê√, ¬Û1±˜±R± ’±ø√ Ú±À˜À1› ’±1n∏ ¤˝◊√√ø¬ı˘±fl¡ õ∂Ì˚˛Ú ∆˝√√øÂ√˘ õ∂:±¬ı±Ú ø¬ıø˙©Ü Ê√Ú± ˚±˚˛º Œ¸˝◊√√ ∆‰¬Ó¬Ú…˝◊√√ Sê˜ ø¬ıfl¡±˙1 ô¶À1 ô¶À1 Œ˘±fl¡¸fl¡˘1 ¡Z±1±º ÚÓ≈¬Ú ÚÓ≈¬Ú Œ√˝√√ Ò±1Ì fl¡ø1 ∆‰¬Ó¬Ú… õ∂fl¡±˙ fl¡ø1 ˘é¬ ¬ı±À1 ¬ı±À1 Ê√ij¢∂˝√√Ì fl¡1±1 fl¡Ô±Õ˘ ’Ú…±Ú… ˘é¬ ¬ıÂ√1 ¬Û±1 ∆˝√√ ˜±Ú≈˝√√ ∆˝√√ÀÂ√, ˜±Ú≈˝√√1 ’¬ı˚˛1 ˜±Ê√Ó¬ ¬Û√1 ˘·ÀÓ¬ Œfl¡˝◊√√È¬±˜±Ú ¬Û√ ’±ÀÂ√ ¤ÀÚ Ò1Ì1ñ Sê˜ø¬ıfl¡±˙1 ¬ÛÔÓ¬ ’±·¬ı±øÏ¬ˇÀÂ√º ‰≈¬Ù¬œ ¸fl¡˘1 Ô±ÚÓ¬

18 ’±˜±1 ∆‰¬Ó¬Ú…1 ø¬ıfl¡±˙ ’¬ı…±˝√√Ó¬ ’±ÀÂ√, ˜±Ú≈˝√√ ¤ø√Ú Ó‘¬Ì ¤Î¬±˘ÀÓ¬± ’øÓ¬ é≈¬^ ˆ¬±À¬ı õ∂fl¡±ø˙Ó¬ ∆‰¬Ó¬Ú…Àfl¡ ∆· Œ√ª”√Ó¬ ¬Û˚«±˚˛ ¬Û±¬ıº ’fl¡˘ Œ¸À˚˛ Ú˝√√˚˛ Œ√ª”√Ó¬1 Œ√‡± ¬Û±“›º ˝√√±Ó¬œ ¤È¬±1 ˙1œ11 ˜±Ò…˜À1 ø˚ ∆‰¬Ó¬Ú… ¬Û˚«±˚˛1 ¬Û1± ’±1n∏ ø˚ ¬Û˚«±˚˛ ¬Û±¬ı Ó¬±fl¡ ¶ö≤˘ Ê√·Ó¬1 õ∂fl¡±˙ ¬Û±˝◊√√ÀÂ√º ¸±Ò±1Ì ˜±Ú≈˝√√ Ú±˝◊√√¬ı± ¬ı˘¬ı±Ú ø¬ı¯∏À˚˛ :±Ú ’±˝√√1Ì fl¡1± ˜±Ú≈˝√√1 ˜øô¶©®1 ˙øMê√1 ¬Û±À˘±ª±Ú1 ˜±Ê√ÀÓ¬± Œ¸˝◊√√ ∆‰¬Ó¬Ú…1 õ∂fl¡±˙, õ∂Àˆ¬√ ¬ı±ø˝√√11 ¬Û˚«±˚˛Ó¬ Î¬◊¬ÛÚœÓ¬ ˝√√í¬ıº ˜±S ø¬ıfl¡±˙1 ¬Û˚«±˚˛1, Œfl¡±ÀÚ±¬ı±ÀÈ¬± ø¬ıfl¡±˙ ‡È¬‡øÈ¬1 õ∂±˚˛ ¤Àfl¡ fl¡Ô±Àfl¡˝◊√√ &1n∏Ê√Ú±˝◊√√ ŒÓ¬1±1 Ó¬˘1 Ï¬±¬ÛÓ¬ ’±ÀÂ√º fl¡±À1±¬ı±1 ˝√√˚˛ÀÓ¬± ›¬Û11 Ï¬±¬ÛÓ¬ ¬ı1·œÓ¬Ó¬ ¤ÀÚ √À1 ¬ı…±‡…± fl¡ø1ÀÂ√ñ ’±1n∏ fl¡±À1±¬ı±1 ˝√√˚˛ÀÓ¬± ’±1n∏ ›¬Û1Ó¬º ˚Ó¬ Ê√œª Ê√—·˜ fl¡œÈ¬ ¬ÛÓ¬e˜ ¤È¬± ¬Ûø1˚˛±˘1 ˘í1±-ŒÂ√±ª±˘œ1 ˜±Ê√1 ’·Ú· Ê√· ŒÓ¬ø1 fl¡±˚˛±º Œfl¡±ÀÚ±¬ı± ¤Ê√Ú1 ¬ı≈øX˜M√√± ¬ı± ∆‰¬Ó¬Ú…1 ø¬ıfl¡±˙ ’øÓ¬ ¤˝◊√√ ¸fl¡À˘± ø¬ı˘±Àfl¡˝◊√√ Œ¸˝◊√√ ¬Û1˜ ¸N±1 Œ√˝√√ñ Œ¬ıøÂ√ ’±1n∏ ¬ı±fl¡œ Œfl¡˝◊√√Ê√Ú1 ¬ı≈øX˜M√√±, ¤Àfl¡¬ı±À1 ˝◊√√ ¬Û1˜ ¸N±1 ˘·Ó¬ ’øˆ¬iß ¤˝◊√√˚˛±˝◊√√ ¬Û1˜ ∆‰¬Ó¬Ú…1 ŒÚ±À˝√√±ª±1 √À1º ŒÓ¬ÀÚ ’ª¶ö±Ó¬ ’±ø˜ fl¡í˜ ŒÚøfl¡ õ∂fl¡±˙, ˝◊√√À˚˛ ˝√√í˘ ·œÓ¬±1 ø¬ıù´1+¬Ûº ¬ı1·œÓ¬ ø¬ı˘±fl¡ ¬Ûø1˚˛±˘1 ø˚ Œfl¡˝◊√√Ê√Ú1 ¬ı≈øX˜M√√± ¤Àfl¡¬ı±À1 fl¡í˜ õ∂±À˚˛˝◊√√ &1n∏Ê√Ú±1 øÚÊ√± ø‰¬ôL± õ∂fl¡±˙fl¡ Ò±1Ì±1 ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡ Œ¸˝◊√√ ¬Ûø1˚˛±˘1 Œ˘±fl¡ Ú˝√√˚˛ ¬ı≈ø˘∑ õ∂fl¡±˙, øÚÊ√± Î¬◊¬Û˘øtº ˝◊√√ Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ¬Û≈1±Ì ¬ı± ’±Ú Œ¸À˚˛À˝√√ ’±ø˜ fl¡í˜ ŒÚøfl¡ ø˚ õ∂fl¡±G ø˙˘Ó¬ ∆‰¬Ó¬Ú… ˙±¶a1 ’Ú≈¬ı±√ Ú˝√√˚˛º ·øÓ¬Àfl¡ &1n∏Ê√Ú±1 ’ôL1ÀÓ¬± q˝◊√√ Ôfl¡± ¬ı≈ø˘ ‰≈¬Ù¬œ ¸fl¡À˘ fl¡˚˛ñ ·Â√·Â√øÚÓ¬ ∆‰¬Ó¬Ú… Ò1± ø√ÀÂ√ Œ˚ Œ·±ÀÈ¬˝◊√√ ¬ıËp¡±G‡ÀÚ˝◊√√ ¬Û1˜ ¸N±1 ¸±1 Œ¬Û±ª±¬ ¬ı≈ø˘ fl¡˚˛ñ Œ¸˝◊√√ ø¬ı˘±fl¡ ˜±Ú≈˝√√1 ¤Àfl¡ õ∂fl¡±˙… 1+¬Ûº ’¬ı…øMê√ ∆‰¬Ó¬Ú…1 ˜”Ó«¬ õ∂fl¡±˙º ’Ô«±» ¬Ûø1˚˛±˘1 Ú˝√√˚˛ ¬ı≈ø˘ Ê√œª-Ê√c ˜±Ú≈˝√√1 ¬Ûø1˚˛±˘1 ’±˜±1 ¸fl¡À˘±À1 ’¬ı˚˛¬ı ø¬ı˘±fl¡ ¸≈fl¡œ˚˛±ñ ’±ø˜ Ú˝√√˚˛ ¬ı≈ø˘∑ ¤ÀÚ fl¡Ô± ˙±¶a˝◊√√ Œfl¡±ª± Ú±˝◊√√º ˙±¶a ø¬ı˘±fl¡ ¸fl¡À˘±À1 ø¬ıøˆ¬iß ’±fl‘¡øÓ¬1 ¬ı±å¬ı, ¬Û±—‡±, ˝◊√√ø¶a- ’±˜±1 øÚ¬ı‘øM√√ ¬ÛÔ1 õ∂√œ¬Ûº øfl¡c ˜±Ú≈˝√√1 ¬Û±øÔ«ª ˜È¬1ñ øfl¡c ’±˜±1 øˆ¬Ó¬1Ó¬ ø¬ı≈√…» ˝√√í˘ ¤Àfl¡, Ê√œªÚ1 Œ˘±Àˆ¬ ¤˝◊√√ fl¡Ô± ø¬ı˘±fl¡1 õ∂øÓ¬ ’±›fl¡±Ì ’±˜±1 ˜”˘ ¬ıd ¤Àfl¡º ¬ı±å¬ı ¤Àfl¡±È¬± ˆ¬±ø„√√ ˚±¬ı fl¡ø1ÀÂ√º õ∂fl‘¡øÓ¬À˚˛ ˜±Ú≈˝√√1 õ∂À˚˛±Ê√Ú ¬Û≈1±¬ı ¬Û±À1ñ ¬Û±À1ñ ˝◊√√˚˛±1 ø¬ıÚ±˙ ˝√√í¬ı ¬Û±À1, øfl¡c ø¬ı≈√…Ó¬1 ø¬ıÚ±˙ øfl¡c Œ˘±ˆ¬ ¬Û≈1±¬ı ŒÚ±ª±À1ñ ¤˝◊√√ÀÈ¬± ˝√√í˘ ˜±˝√√±R± Ú±˝◊√√º ’±˜±1 øˆ¬Ó¬1Ó¬ ø˚ ’±R± Ú±˜1 ∆‰¬Ó¬Ú… ¬ı± ˙øMê√ ·±gœ1 ¸Ê√ Ê√œªÚ1 Î¬◊¬Û˘øtº ’±ÀÂ√ Ó¬±1 ø¬ıÚ±˙ Ú±˝◊√√ñ ˝◊√√ ‘√˙…˜±Ú ¸fl¡À˘± Ê√œª- ¤øÓ¬˚˛± fl¡Ô± ˝√√í˘ Œ˘±ˆ¬ Œfl¡ÀÚÕfl¡ fl¡À˜±ª± Ê√c, ·Â√ ˘Ó¬±, Ó¬1n∏-Ó‘¬Ì, ¬Ûq-¬Ûé¬œ ¸fl¡À˘±À1 ˚±˚˛∑ ¬ıd¬ı±√œ ¸˜±Ê√Ó¬ ëŒ˜±fl¡ ˘±À·í, ëŒ˜±fl¡ ˘±À·í ˜±Ê√Ó¬ ø¬ı√…˜±Úº ø¬ıÊ≈√ø˘ ˚La1 ˝◊√√øµÀfl¡È¬í1Ó¬ ¤˝◊√√ ˆ¬±¬ıÀÈ¬±1 õ∂¬ı˘Ó¬± ’øÒfl¡º ¤˝◊√√ Œ˘±ˆ¬ ˝√√í˘ñ ’fl¡Ì˜±Ú ø¬ı≈√…Ó¬1 õ∂fl¡±˙ ¬Û±¬ı ¬Û±À1ñ øfl¡c ø¸ fl¡±˜, ŒSê±Ò, Œ˘±ˆ¬, Œ˜±˝√√ ’±ø√ ø¬ı˘±fl¡1 ’Ú…Ó¬˜ ø¬ı≈√…Ó¬˙øMê√À1 õ∂fl¡±˙º ’fl¡Ì˜±Ú fl¡œÈ¬±Ú≈ ¤È¬±ÀÈ¬± Œ¸˝◊√√ ø1¬Û≈ ¬ı≈ø˘ ’øÓ¬ õ∂±‰¬œÚ ø√¬ı…^©Ü± ¸fl¡À˘ Œ√‡± ˙øMê√ ¬ı± ∆‰¬Ó¬Ú…À1 õ∂fl¡±˙ ¤Î¬±˘ ¬ıÈ¬ ¬ı‘é¬1 ˜±Ê√Ó¬ ø˚ ¬Û±˝◊√√øÂ√˘º ¤˝◊√√ Œ˘±ˆ¬1 Ê√ø1˚˛ÀÓ¬ ë¸ÀôL±¯∏í Œ¬Û±ª± ¬ı˝√√˘ ˆ¬±À¬ı ∆‰¬Ó¬Ú…1 õ∂fl¡±˙ Œ√‡± ¬Û±›“º ¸±˜±Ú… Ú±˚±˚˛ñ ’±1n∏ ø˚Àfl¡±ÀÚ± ¸ÀôL±¯∏ Œ¬Û±ª± ˚±˚˛ ø¸

19 é¬Ì¶ö±˚˛œº ¤˝◊√√ Œ˘±ˆ¬ ¬ı±øÏ¬ˇ ∆· Ô±Àfl¡, Î¬◊¬Û˙˜ Ú˝√√˚˛ ·Â√-˘Ó¬±, Ó¬1n∏-Ó‘¬Ìfl¡ ëŒÓ¬ø1 fl¡±˚˛±í ¬ı≈ø˘ |X± fl¡ø1˜º ’±1n∏ ¸ÀôL±À¯∏± Ú±À˝√√ñ ø˚ ¸ÀôL±¯∏ ¸fl¡À˘±À1 fl¡±˜…º ’±øÊ√1 ø√Ú1 ˝√√±ø¬ı-¬ıÚ Ú±˙ fl¡1±1 ø√ÚÓ¬ ¤˝◊√√ ˆ¬±¬ı1 Î¬◊√˚˛ ¤˝◊√√ ø¬ı¯∏˚˛1 ¸≈‡ ¸fl¡À˘±ÀÓ¬ ¬Û±˚˛ñ øfl¡c ¸ÀôL±¯∏ ˝í√√À˘ ’±˜±1 ˜±Ú¬ı ¸˜±Ê√ Ó¬Ô± fl‘¡ø˜, fl¡œÈ¬, ˝√√ô¶œ, Œ‚“±1±, Ú±À˝√√º ¸ÀôL±¯∏ ’±À˝√√ ∆¬ı1±·…Ó¬º ˜‘·, ¬ı‘é¬ ¬Ûé¬œ ¸fl¡À˘±Àª ¸≈À‡ ¸ÀôL±À¯∏ Ô±øfl¡¬ı ’±ø˜ Ê√±·øÓ¬fl¡ ¸fl¡À˘± ¬ıdÀ¬ı±1¡ ∆Ó¬ø1 fl¡1± ¬ı≈ø˘ ¬Û±ø1À˘À˝“√√ÀÓ¬Úñ ’±1n∏ õ∂fl‘¡øÓ¬À˚˛ Œ˚±À·±ª± ˙øMê√1 ˜±ÀÚ±ñ ëfl≈¡fl≈¡1-˙‘·±˘ ·Vˆ¬À1± ’±R± 1±˜í ¬ı≈ø˘ ˙±¶a1 ’±Ò±1Ó¬ Œfl¡±ÀÚ± Ò1Ì1 õ∂≈√¯∏Ì ŒÚ±À˝√√±ª±Õfl¡ Ê√·Ó¬ ‰¬ø˘˘ ¬ı±fl¡… ø˝√√‰¬±À¬ı ÚÒø1 ¸¬ı«±ôL fl¡1ÀÌ ˜±ÀÚ± ŒÓ¬øÓ¬˚˛± ’±˜±1 Œ˝√√ÀÓ¬Úº ¤˝◊√√À˚˛ ’±˜±1 ¸fl¡À˘±À1 fl¡±˜…˝◊√√ Ú˝√√˚˛, fl¡M«√√¬ı…›º Œ˘±ˆ¬1 ’ôL ¬Ûø1¬ıñ ’±ø˜ ŒÓ¬øÓ¬˚˛± ¸fl¡À˘± ¬Ûq ¬Ûé¬œ, Ú˝√√íÀ˘ ’±˜±1 ˝√√±Ó¬1 fl≈¡Í¬±1 ˆ¬ø1Ó¬ ¬Ûø1¬ı˝◊√√º

Œ˘‡fl¡ ¿À·±À˘±fl¡‰¬f √M√√ ’¸˜ ¸˜¬ı±˚˛ ø¬ıˆ¬±·œ˚˛ ’øÙ¬‰¬±1 ’±øÂ√˘º ¬ıM«√√˜±Ú ’¸˜ øÔ›Â√øÙ¬Àfl¡˘ ŒÂ√±‰¬±˝◊√√øÈ¬1 ¤·1±fl¡œ ø¬ıø˙©Ü ¸ˆ¬…º &ª±˝√√±È¬œ1 È¬„√√Ú± ¸S ‰≈¬¬ı≈1œÓ¬ ¬ı±¸ fl¡À1ºñ¸•Û±√fl¡

20 ¸—1é¬Ì1 ˙Sn∏ – ¬Û1•Û1±·Ó¬ ’gø¬ıù´±¸ √œ¬Û±˘œ √M√√ ¬ı1√Õ˘

¤‡Ú Í¬±˝◊√√1 ∆Ê√ª ø¬ıø‰¬SÓ¬±˝◊√√ Œ¸˝◊√√ Í¬±˝◊√√Ó¬ ˚≈· ˚≈· fl¡1± fl¡Ô± ’±È¬±À˚˛ Ê√±ÀÚº ‚1n∏ª± fi¯∏ÒÀ¬ı±1 ¸±Ò±1ÌÀÓ¬ Òø1 ¬ı±¸ fl¡1± Œ˘±fl¡ ¸fl¡˘fl¡ ‡±√… fi¯∏Ò1 Œ˚±·±Ú Ò1±1 ø¬ıøˆ¬iß ›¯∏Òœ˚˛ Î¬◊øæ√√ ¬ı…ª˝√√±1 fl¡ø1 ∆Ó¬˚˛±1 fl¡À1º ¬ı±ø˝√√À1› Ê√œªÚ Ò±1Ì1 ’Ú…±Ú… ˚±ªÓ¬œ˚˛ ¸±˜¢∂œ Ÿ¬fl¡À¬ı,√ ‰¬1fl¡ ¸—ø˝√√Ó¬± ’±ø√Ó¬ ˙ ˙ ¬ıÀÚÃ¯∏øÒ õ∂À˚˛±·1 ¸˜”˝√√À1± Œ˚±·±Ú Òø1 Ê√œªÚ Ò±1Ì1 ˜±Ú Î¬◊ißÓ¬ Ó¬Ô± Î¬◊À~‡ ’±ÀÂ√º ’Ú…˝√√±ÀÓ¬ ¬ıUÀÓ¬± ¬fi¯∏ÒÓ¬ Œfl¡±ÀÚ± øÚ1±¬Û√ fl¡À1º õ∂fl‘¡øÓ¬1 ˘·Ó¬ ¤fl¡±R ∆˝√√ Ê√œªÚ ˚±¬ÛÚ Œfl¡±ÀÚ± Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œ1 ˜±ÊÓ¬ õ∂‰¬ø˘Ó¬ ø¬ıù´±¸ ’Ú≈˚±˚˛œ fl¡À1±ÀÓ¬ fl¡À1“±ÀÓ¬ ¶ö±Úœ˚˛ Œ˘±fl¡ ¸fl¡˘ ∆˝√√ ¬ÛÀ1 Ê√c1 ’—·, ø¬ÛM√√1¸, ŒÓ¬˘ ’±ø√1 ¬ı…ª˝√√±1 ˝√√˚˛º fi¯∏Òœ˚˛ õ∂fl‘¡øÓ¬ø¬ı, õ∂fl‘¡øÓ¬ ¸—1é¬Ìfl¡±1œ ’±Àfl¡Ã Œfl¡øÓ¬˚˛±¬ı± Î¬◊øæ√√1 &Ì±&Ì ¸•ÛÀfl«¡ ˝◊√√øÓ¬˜ÀÒ… øfl¡Â≈√ ø‰¬ôL±‰¬‰«¬± ∆˝√√ÀÂ√º Ò√ı—¸fl¡±1œº õ∂fl‘¡øÓ¬ ’±1n∏ ˜±Ú≈˝√√1 ›Ó¬–Àõ∂±Ó¬ ¸•Ûfl«¡1 øfl¡c ’±˜±1 ·“±Àª ˆ¬”À¤û Ôfl¡± Œ¬ıÊ√ ¸fl¡À˘ Ê√Ú± ¬ıUÀÓ¬± ¬ı±À¬ı˝◊√√ õ∂±fl‘¡øÓ¬fl¡ ¸•Û√ ’ø¬ı˝√√ÀÚ ˜±Ú≈˝√√1 ’øô¶Q1 fl¡Ô± fi¯∏Ò1 ˜”˘…±˚˛Ú Œ˝√√±ª± Ú±˝◊√√º ¤ÀÚÀ˘±fl¡ ¸fl¡À˘ fi¯∏Ò fl¡äÚ± fl¡ø1¬ı ŒÚ±ª±ø1º ø˝√√‰¬±À¬ı Î¬◊øæ√√1 ¬ı±ø˝√√À1› Ê√œª-Ê√c1 ’—· ø¬ıÀ˙¯∏ ’±Ò≈øÚfl¡ ∆¬ı:±øÚfl¡ ¬ı±Ó¬±¬ı1ÀÌ ¬ıUÀÓ¬± ’fl¡À˘ ’Ô¬ı± ·Â√-·Â√øÚ1 ˘·Ó¬ ¬ı…ª˝√√±1 fl¡À1º Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œ1 ’±Ô«¸±˜±øÊ√fl¡ ’±1n∏ 1±Ê√ÕÚøÓ¬fl¡ Ê√œªÚÓ¬ ¤ÀÚÀ¬ı±1 √1ª1 ¬ı…ª˝√√±À1 õ∂fl‘¡Ó¬ÀÓ¬ øfl¡˜±Ú ¸Ù¬˘ ˆ¬±Àª õ∂ˆ¬±ª Œ¬Û˘±˝◊√√ÀÂ√º ¬Ûø1ø¶öøÓ¬ ’±1n∏ ¬Ûø1À¬ı˙1 Sê˜±i§À˚˛ fl¡±˜ fl¡À1 Ó¬±1 ∆¬ı:±øÚfl¡ õ∂˜±Ì Œ˝√√±ª±ÀÈ¬± ¬ı±>Úœ˚˛º Œ˝√√±ª± ¸±˘¸˘øÚÓ¬ Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œ ¸fl¡˘1 ˜±Ê√Ó¬ ¢∂œfl¡, ˝◊√√øÊ√5, ‰¬œÚ, ŒÚøÈ¬ˆ¬ ’±À˜ø1fl¡±Ú Œ√˙1 ¬Û1•Û1±·Ó¬ ˆ¬±Àª ‰¬ø˘ ’˝√√± ¬ıUÀÓ¬± ¸±˜±øÊ√fl¡ õ∂Ô± Œ˘±fl¡¸fl¡À˘ ¬Û1•Û1±·Ó¬ fi¯∏ÒÓ¬ Î¬◊øæ√√ ’±1n∏ õ∂±Ìœ1 ø¬ıøˆ¬iß fl¡±1ÌÓ¬ Œ˘±¬Û ¬Û±¬ıÕ˘ Òø1ÀÂ√º ¤ÀÚ Œ|Ìœø¬ıˆ¬±Ê√Ú fl¡ø1ÀÂ√º ¤Àfl¡√À1˝◊√√ ’±˜±Ê√±Ú ¬Û1•Û1±·Ó¬ ø¬ıù´±¸1 ˜±Ê√Ó¬ Œ¸±˜±˝◊√√ ’±ÀÂ√ øfl¡Â≈√˜±Ú ’¬ıª±ø˝√√fl¡±1 Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œ, ’À©Ü™ø˘˚˛±1 aborigines ’±1n∏ ø‰¬øfl¡»¸± ¬ÛXøÓ¬ ø˚À¬ı±À1 ˝√√˚˛ÀÓ¬± ¬ıUÀÓ¬ ÚÊ√Ú±Õfl¡À˚˛ øÚÎ¬◊øÊ√À˘ÀG1 ëMaorisí ¸fl¡À˘ ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡1 ˜±Ú≈˝√√1 øfl¡Â≈√˜±Ú ’¸≈‡ ø¬ı¸≈‡ ˆ¬±˘ fl¡À1º ¤ÀÚ ø‰¬øfl¡»¸± ¬Û1•Û1± ¸≈µ1Õfl¡ Òø1 1±ø‡ÀÂ√º ’±˜±1 Œ√˙Ó¬ ¬ÛXøÓ¬1 øÚ˚˛˜±ª˘œ1 Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ø˘ø‡Ó¬ ¬ı…ª¶ö± Ú±˝◊√√º ˜≈À‡ ø¬ıÀ˙¯∏Õfl¡ ’¸˜Ó¬ ›¯∏ÒÓ¬ õ∂±Ìœ1 ¬ı…ª˝√√±11 ’øÒfl¡ Ó¬Ô… ˜≈À‡ ‰¬ø˘ ’±ÀÂ√, Œ¸˝◊√√À¬ı±11 Î¬fl≈¡À˜À∞I◊‰¬Ú ˝√√í¬ı ¬Û±À1º ¸—¢∂˝√√ ’±1n∏ ¬Û1œé¬±-øÚ1œé¬± Œ˝√√±ª± Î¬◊ø‰¬Ó¬º ˜øÌ¬Û≈11 ø¬ıù´1 ¬ıU Œ√À˙ Œ√À˙ øˆ¬Ú øˆ¬Ú ¸˜±Ê√Ó¬ Meeti community Ó¬ Œ˜1n∏√Gœ õ∂±Ìœ1 ’±1n∏ ’Ó¬œÊ√À1 ¬Û1± õ∂±fl‘¡øÓ¬fl¡ ¸•Û√1 [Î¬◊øæ√√ Ó¬Ô± õ∂±Ìœ] ’1n∏Ì±‰¬˘ õ∂À√˙Ó¬ Œˆ¬fl≈¡˘œ ‡±√… ’±1n∏ fi¯∏ÒÓ¬ ¬ı…ª˝√√±1 ¬Û1± ‚1n∏ª± ˆ¬±Àª fi¯∏Ò ∆Ó¬˚˛±1 fl¡ø1 ø¬ıøˆ¬iß ’¸≈‡ ˆ¬±˘ fl¡À1 ¬ı≈ø˘ ≈√˝◊√√ ¤fl¡ ·Àª¯∏Àfl¡ Ó¬Ô… ¸—¢∂˝√√ fl¡ø1ÀÂ√º

21 ’¸˜ÀÓ¬± ø¬ıøˆ¬iß Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œ1 ˜±Ê√Ó¬ fi¯∏ÒÓ¬ Ê√c1 ø¬Ûø˝√√ ˘·±˚˛º Œfl“¡‰≈¬ª±1 ë˜≈‡ ˘·±í ¬ı≈ø˘ ˆ¬ª± ’ª¶ö±Ó¬ ’—·1 ¬ı…ª˝√√±11 Ó¬Ô… Œ¬Û±ª± ˚±˚˛º ¤øÎ¬ˇ¬Û˘≈1 Œ‡±˘±ÀÈ¬± øÎ¬ø„√√Ó¬ ¬ı±øg Ô˚˛º fl¡øfl¡˘±, Ó≈¬1± ·“±ª1 Œ¬ıÊ√ ¸fl¡˘1 ›‰¬1Õ˘ ·íÀ˘ ŒÓ¬›“À˘±Àfl¡ ˜±Â√1 Œfl¡±ª±1œ (jaw) Œ1 fl“¡±˝◊√√È¬ Î¬◊ø˘›ª± ’±ø˜ ¸1n∏ÀÓ¬ ø√˚˛± fi¯∏Ò1 ¸ø¬ıÀ˙¯∏ ¸±Ò±1ÌÀÓ¬ fl¡±Àfl¡± Úfl¡˚˛º Œ√ø‡øÂ√À˘±º Œ1Ã ˜±Â√1 ø¬ÛM√√1 Œ˜±Ú±ÀÈ¬±Ó¬ ‰¬±Î¬◊˘ ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡1 ø¬ıù´±¸ Œ˚ fi¯∏Ò1 fl¡Ô± ¬ıÌ«Ú± fl¡ø1À˘ √1À¬ı ≈√È¬±˜±Ú Œ¸±À˜±ª±˝◊√√ ‚11 Œ¬ı1Ó¬ ›˘˜±˝◊√√ ŒÔ±ª±› ˜Ú Œ¬ı˜±1Ó¬ fl¡±˜ øÚø√À˚˛º Œfl¡±ÀÚ± Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ¸”S1 ¬Û1± ’±ø˜ fl¡ø1øÂ√À˘“±º qøÚøÂ√À˘± ø¬ÛM√√À√±¯∏Ó¬ Œ¬ÛÈ¬Ó¬ ‚“± ˘±ø·À˘ øÚÀÊ√ ¸—¢∂˝√√ fl¡ø1 Œ¬Û±ª± Ó¬Ô… ’Ú≈¸ø1 fi¯∏ÒÓ¬ Œ˜1n∏√Gœ ‡≈ª±˚˛º ¤Àfl¡√À1 ø¬ı¯∏±Mê√ ¸±¬Û1 [Naja] ø¬ÛM√√¶ö˘œ1 ’±1n∏ ’À˜1n∏√Gœ ≈√À˚˛±ø¬ıÒ õ∂±ÌœÀ˚˛˝◊√√ ¬ı…ª˝√√±1 ˝√√˚˛º Œfl¡‰≈¬, Œ˜±Ú±ÀÈ¬±› ¬ı…ª˝√√±1 fl¡À1º fl¡±øÈ¬À˘, ¬Û≈ø1À˘ Ò˜Ú± ŒÊ√±fl¡, Ù¬ø1—, fl≈¡˜ÀÊ√À˘fl≈¡ª±, ¤øÎ¬ˇ¬Û˘≈, ˙±˜≈fl¡, ¸±¬Û1 ‰¬ø¬ı« ¸±ÀÚ ’±1n∏ ·±1 ø¬ı¯∏ ˝í√√À˘ ˜„√√˝√√ 1±øg ‡≈ª±˚˛º Œfl“¡Àfl¡±1±, ø˜Â√±˜±Â√, ˜fl¡1±, fl≈¡˜øÈ¬, ¬Û“˝◊√√Ó¬±À‰¬±1±, Î¬◊“√√˝◊√√, &“˝◊√√1 Â√±˘‡Ú ¬Û≈ø1 Â√±˝◊√√ø‡øÚ Ú±ø1fl¡˘ ŒÓ¬˘ ø˜˝√√˘±˝◊√√ ŒÊ√±Ú±fl¡œ ¬Û1n∏ª±, Œ˜Ã, ’±˜1ø˘ ¬Û1n∏ª± ’±ø√º ‰¬1±˝◊√√1 ¬Û±ø‡À1 Œ¬Û±1± ‚“±Ó¬ ¸±ÀÚº &“˝◊√√1 ŒÓ¬˘› ¬Û≈ø1À˘ Œ˜1n∏√Gœ õ∂±Ìœ1 øˆ¬Ó¬1Ó¬ fl¡øfl¡˘± ˜±Â√, Ó≈¬1±, ø¸øe, ¸±ÀÚ ’±1n∏ Œ¬ÛÈ¬1 ø¬ı¯∏Ó¬ ŒÚÊ√1 ’—˙1 ˜„√√˝√√ ‡≈ª±˚˛º Œ‰¬À„ø˘, Œ1Ã ˜±Â√, Œˆ¬fl≈¡˘œ, Ò˜Ú± ¸±¬Û, &“˝◊√√, ¬Û±1, ’±øÊ√fl¡±ø˘ ˝√√±ø¬ı ø¬ı˘±fl¡Ó¬ &“˝◊√√1 ¸—‡…± fl¡ø˜ ∆·ÀÂ√º ˜≈·«œ, fl¡±Î¬◊1œ, ŒÙ“¬‰¬±, fl¡À¬ÛÃ, ŒÚÎ¬◊˘, Œfl¡ÀÈ¬˘± ¬ÛU, ¤ÀÚ√À1 ’¸—‡… Ê√œªÊ√c1 ‰¬ø¬ı«, Â√±˘, ˜„√√˝√√ ’±ø√ Â√±·˘œ, fl≈¡fl≈¡1, ·±˝√√ø1, ø˙U, ˝√√±Ó¬œ, ¬ı±≈√ø˘ ’±ø√1 ø¬ıøˆ¬iß fl¡±1ÌÓ¬ ¬ı…ª˝√√±1 ∆˝√√ ’±ÀÂ√º øfl¡c ∆¬ı:±øÚfl¡ Œ¬ıÀ˘· Œ¬ıÀ˘· ’—·, ‰¬ø¬ı« ’±ø√ fi¯∏Ò ¬ıÀÚ±ª±Ó¬ ø¬ıÀù≠¯∏Ì1 ’ˆ¬±ªÓ¬ ¸øÍ¬fl¡ Ù¬˘±Ù¬˘ ¬ı≈Ê√± Ú±˚±˚˛º ∆¬ı√… ¬ı…ª˝√√±1 ˝√√˚˛º ¸fl¡À˘ √1¬ı ¬ıÀÚ±ª±1 ¬ÛXøÓ¬, ¸±˜¢∂œ ¸˜”˝√√1 Ú±˜ Ó¬Ô± Œ˘ø‡fl¡±˝◊√√ øÎ¬¬ıËn∏·Î¬ˇ øÊ√˘±1 ≈√˝◊√√ ¤‡Ú ·“±› ’±1n∏ ¬Ûø1˜±Ì õ∂fl¡±˙ fl¡ø1À˘ √1À¬ı fl¡±˜ Úfl¡À1 ¬ı≈ø˘ ø¬ıù´±¸º ‰¬±˝√√ ¬ı±ø·Â√±Ó¬ ˘· Œ¬Û±ª± Œ¬ıÊ√¸fl¡˘1 ˘·Ó¬ fl¡Ô± ¬Û±øÓ¬ ·øÓ¬Àfl¡ ¬ıUÀÓ¬± √1¬ı Œ¬ıÊ√ ¸fl¡˘1 Ê√œªÚ ’ª¸±Ú1 Ê√±øÚ¬ı ¬Û1± ˜ÀÓ¬ ŒÓ¬›“À˘±Àfl¡ øfl¡Â≈√˜±Ú ’¸≈‡, ˘À· ˘À·˝◊√√ Œ˝√√1±˝◊√√ ˚±˚˛º Œ√‡± ˚±˚˛ ’gø¬ıù´±¸1 ’ÒœÚ ’±fl¡ø¶úfl¡ ≈√‚«È¬Ú± ’±ø√Ó¬ õ∂±ÌœÀÈ¬± Œ·±ÀÈ¬ Œ·±ÀÈ¬ ¬ı± ∆˝√√› ¬ıUÀÓ¬ ¬ıU Ê√œª Ê√c1 ¬ı…ª˝√√±1 fl¡À1º fl¡±Î¬◊1œ ’±1n∏ Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ’—˙1 ¬ı…ª˝√√±1 fl¡À1º fi¯∏Ò ∆Ó¬˚˛±1 fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘ ŒÙ“¬‰¬±1 ‰¬fl≈¡1 ˜„√√˝√√ ’±1n∏ ‰¬fl≈¡, ‰¬fl≈¡1 ˙øMê√ ¬ıÏ¬ˇ±¬ıÕ˘ ’±1n∏ Ó¬±1 ˘·Ó¬ ’Ú… ¬ıd ¬ı…ª˝√√±1 fl¡À1 ’±1n∏ õ∂À˚˛±Ê√Ú fl≈¡fl≈¡1œ fl¡Ì± ˝√√íÀ˘ ‡≈ª±˚˛º ø1Î¬◊À˜øÈ¬fl¡ ø¬ı¯∏ ˝√√íÀ˘ ŒÚÎ¬◊˘1 ’Ú≈¸ø1 ‡≈ª±˚˛ ¬ı± ¬ı±ø˝√√…fl¡ ˆ¬±Àª õ∂À˚˛±· fl¡À1º ˜„√√˝√√ ‡≈ª±˚˛º Œfl¡ÀÈ¬˘± ¬ÛU1 Œ√˝√√1 ‡±√…Ú˘œÀfl¡ ’±1y Î¬◊√±˝√√1Ì ¶§1+À¬Û ≈√˝◊√√ ¤È¬± fi¯∏Ò ˝◊√√˚˛±Ó¬ Î¬◊À~‡ fl¡ø1 ø¬ıøˆ¬iß ’—˙, ¬ı±‚1 Â√±˘, ˜„√√˝√√, ŒÓ¬˘, ·±‡œ1, fl¡ø1ÀÂ√±º Œ˚ÀÚñ ¬Û±˝◊√√˘‰¬ƒ, øÚÎ¬◊˜øÚ˚˛±, Ê≈√˝◊√√À˚˛ Œ¬Û±1± ŒÚ±˜, ˝√√±Î¬ˇ ˝◊√√Ó¬…±ø√ ’—· õ∂Ó¬…—· ø¬ıø¬ıÒ õ∂fl¡±11 fi¯∏ÒÓ¬ ’±ø√Ó¬ Œ¬ı±µ± Œfl“¬‰≈¬ ¬ı…ª˝√√±1 fl¡À1º Œ¬ı±µ± Œfl“¡‰≈¬ ŒÓ¬˘Ó¬ ’¸˜Ó¬ ¬ı…ª˝√√±1 ˝√√˚˛º ø˙U1 ‰¬ø¬ı« ·±1 ø¬ı¯∏, ø1Àfl¡È¬, fl¡±Ì1 ˆ¬±øÊ√ ‡≈ª±À˘ Ê≈√˝◊√√À˚˛ Œ¬Û±1± Œ1±·œ ˆ¬±˘ ˝√√˚˛ ¬ı≈ø˘ ’¸≈‡Ó¬ ¬ı…ª˝√√±1 fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘ ˜±Ú≈˝√√ ’øÓ¬ ˝◊√√26≈√fl¡º ø¬ıù´±¸º Œ¬ı±µ± Œfl“¡‰≈¬ ‡≈ª±À˘ ˜±fl¡1 ·±‡œ11 Î¬◊»¬Û±√Ú ŒÓ¬ÀÚÕfl¡À˚˛ ·Î¬ˇ1 ‡·«› fl¡±øÈ¬ øÚÀ˚˛º ’±ø˜ ø˙U ’±1n∏ ¬ı‘øX ˝√√˚˛ ¬ı≈ø˘› fl¡˚˛º ’±Àfl¡Ã Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ˜±Ú≈À˝√√ ø¬ı¯∏ ¬Û±Ú ·“Î¬ˇ ¬ıÒ fl¡1± ‚È¬Ú± ¸‚Ú±˝◊√√ ¬Û±›“º õ∂fl‘¡Ó¬ÀÓ¬ ‡·«1 fl¡ø1À˘ Œfl¡‰≈¬˜Ó¬± ‡≈ª±˚˛º ‚“± ˘±ø·À˘ fl≈¡˜ÀÊ√À˘fl≈¡ª± Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ˚±≈√fl¡1œ ˙øMê√ ’Ô¬ı± fi¯∏øÒ &Ì ˚ø√ Ú±À˚˛˝◊√√

22 Ó¬±À1± Î¬◊¬Û˚≈Mê√ õ∂‰¬±1 ˝√√íÀ˘À˝√√ ·“Î¬ˇ ¸—1é¬ÌÓ¬ ¸˝√√±˚˛ References :- ¸˝√√±˚˛fl¡ ŒÈ¬±fl¡± ˝√√í¬ıº ¬ıU˘ ˆ¬±Àª ø¬ı:±Ú1 õ∂‰¬±1 ˝√√íÀ˘ ’±Ò≈øÚfl¡ Î¬◊ißÓ¬ [1] Œ˝√√˜ ¬ı≈Ï¬ˇ±À·“±˝√√±˝◊√√ñ ’¸˜œ˚˛± Œ˘±fl¡±‰¬±1 ø¬ıù´±¸-’ø¬ıù´±¸º ø‰¬øfl¡»¸± ø¬ı:±Ú1 ¸Ù¬˘Ó¬±1 ¸˜˚˛Ó¬ ¬Û1•Û1±·Ó¬ (2) ‘Ethno -Zoological & Socio-Economic ø¬ıù´±¸1 øˆ¬øM√√Ó¬ ‰¬ø˘ Ôfl¡± ∆¬ı:±øÚfl¡ øˆ¬øM√√ ÚÔfl¡± practices of certain invertebrates amongst the ethnic groups in Dibrugarh District, fi¯∏ÒÀ¬ı±11 õ∂døÓ¬1 fl¡±1ÀÌ Ê√œª Ê√c ˜±ø1 Ôfl¡±ÀÈ¬± Assam’ R.D. Gogoi- Dept. of Life Science D.U. ¬ıg ˝√√í˘À˝√√“ÀÓ¬Úº ’ªÀ˙… ’±˜±1 ·±“Àª ˆ¬”À¤û ’±Ò≈øÚfl¡ D. D. Bordoloi - Dept. of Zoology, Namrup ø‰¬øfl¡»¸± ¸˝√√Ê√ ˘ˆ¬… ŒÚ±À˝√√±ª±, Ê√Ú·Ì1 ’Ô«ÕÚøÓ¬fl¡ College. M. Islam-Dept. of life science. Dibrugarh ≈√¬ı«˘Ó¬± ’±ø√ fl¡±1fl¡À¬ı±À1› ’ø˙øé¬Ó¬, ’X«ø˙øé¬Ó¬ University ¸fl¡˘1 ¬Û1•Û1±·Ó¬ ø¬ıù´±¸, ’ø¬ıù´±¸Ó¬ fl¡±˜ fl¡À1º (3) Utitization of certain vertebrates amongst the ø˚øfl¡ Ú˝√√›“fl¡ ¬Û1•Û1±·Ó¬ ˆ¬±Àª ‰¬ø˘ Ôfl¡± inhabitants of Dibrugarh District Assam :- ¤ÀÚ fi¯∏Ò1 ∆¬ı:±øÚfl¡ ø¬ıÀù≠¯∏Ì ˝√√íÀ˘ fi¯∏Ò1 R. D. Gogo- Dept. of Life Sc. Dibrugarh University. &Ì±&Ì Ê√Ú± ˚±¬ıº ˘·ÀÓ¬ øfl¡ ˝√√±1Ó¬ Ê√œª-Ê√c1 D. D. Bordoloi - Dept. of Zoology, Namrup ˝√√Ó¬…± ¤˝◊√√ Î¬◊ÀV˙…À1 ˝√√˚˛ Ó¬±À1± ¸—‡…±·Ó¬ ø˝√√‰¬±¬ı College. fl¡1±ÀÈ¬± Î¬◊ø‰¬Ó¬º ø¬ıù´±¸, ’gø¬ıù´±À¸ ¸fl¡À˘± Œ|Ìœ1 M. Islam-Dept. of Life Science. Dibrugarh Œ˘±fl¡1 ›¬Û1ÀÓ¬ õ∂ˆ¬±ª Œ¬Û˘±˚˛º ≈√¬ı«˘ ’Ô«ÚœøÓ¬À˚˛ University (4) ‘Ethnozoological finding of Amphibian fauna ¢∂±˜±=˘1 ¬ıU Œ˘±fl¡fl¡ õ∂fl‘¡øÓ¬1 ›¬Û1Ó¬ ¸•Û”Ì« of Arunachal Pradesh - India’ øÚˆ¬«1˙œ˘ ˝√√í¬ıÕ˘ ¬ı±Ò… fl¡À1ñ ˚±1 Ù¬˘Ó¬ õ∂±fl‘¡øÓ¬fl¡ Mohini Mohan Borah - Cotton College ˆ¬±1¸±˜…Ó¬±Ó¬ õ∂ˆ¬±ª ¬ÛÀ1º Œ¸À˚˛ ’±˜±1 ¬Û1•Û1± Sabitry Bordoloi - Cotton Colloge ø¬ıù´±À¸ ˚±ÀÓ¬ ¬ıÚ…Ê√œª ¸•Û√1 ¬Û1± ’±˝√√1Ì fl¡1± Aparajeeta Borkotoky- Guwahati University. ‡±√…, fi¯∏Ò, ŒÓ¬˘ ’±ø√1 ¬ı…ª˝√√±À1 õ∂±fl‘¡øÓ¬fl¡ ˆ¬±1¸±˜…Ó¬±, ’Ô«ÚœøÓ¬ ¬ı± Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ∆ÚøÓ¬fl¡ ˚≈øMê√fl¡ Œ‰¬1±˝◊√√ ÚÕ· qX, ¸øÍ¬fl¡ ˆ¬±Àª Ê√ÚÀ·±á¬œ1 ˜±Ê√ÀÓ¬ ’±ªX Ú±Ô±øfl¡ ¸˜¢∂ ˜±Úª1 fl¡˘…±Ì ¸±øÒ¬ı ¬Û±À1 Ó¬±1 ø‰¬ôL±-‰¬‰«¬± fl¡1±ÀÈ¬± ¸˜˚˛1 ’±˝3√√±Ú ∆˝√√ ¬Ûø1ÀÂ√º

Ú±˜1+¬Û fl¡À˘Ê√1 ¬õ∂±Ìœ ø¬ı:±Ú ø¬ıˆ¬±·1 õ∂±Mê√Ú ˜”1¬ı√ıœ ’Ò…±ø¬Ûfl¡± ¿˜Ó¬œ √œ¬Û±˘œ √M√√ ¬ı1√Õ˘ w˜Ì, õ∂±fl‘¡øÓ¬fl¡ ¬Ûø1À¬ı˙, ¬ıÚ… õ∂±Ìœ ’±ø√ ø¬ıøˆ¬iß ø¬ı¯∏˚˛Ó¬ øÚ˚˛˜œ˚˛± õ∂ªg ¬Û±øÓ¬ ø˘À‡º ˜í¬ı±˝◊√√˘ Ú•§1 – 9435199046

23 ˝√√ô¶œ ˜±Úª ¸—‚±Ó¬ – ¤øÈ¬ ’±À˘±‰¬Ú±

Î¬±– õ∂¬ıœÌ ﬂ≈¡˜±1 ŒÚ›·

¸±Ò±1ÌÀÓ¬ ¬ıÚ…-¤ø‰¬˚˛±Ú ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 ’±¬ı±√œÀÈ¬± ¤˝◊√√ ¸—Sê±ôLÀÓ¬ fl¡Ì«±È¬fl¡1 ¬ıÚ˜Laœ ø‰¬.ø¬Û. Œ˚±À·ù´À1 ˜”˘Ó¬– ¬ı±—˘±À√˙, ˆ”¬È¬±Ú, fl¡À•§±ø√˚˛±, ‰¬œÚ, ˆ¬±1Ó¬, ¬ıÚ±=˘ Œ¬ı√‡˘ õ∂øÓ¬À1±ÒÀfl¡ ’±ø√fl¡ø1 ø¬ıøˆ¬iß ø¬ı¯∏˚˛ ˝◊√√ÀG±ÀÚø‰¬˚˛±, ˘±›‰¬, ˜±˘À˚˛ø‰¬˚˛±, ˜…±Ú˜±1, ŒÚ¬Û±˘, ¸±˜ø1 ¤˘±øÚ ÚœøÓ¬ øÚÀ«√˙Ú± ˚≈&Ó¬ fl¡ø1ÀÂ√º ¿˘—fl¡±, Ô±˝◊√√À˘G ’±1n∏ øˆ¬À˚˛È¬Ú±˜1 ø¬ıøˆ¬iß ¤À˘fl¡±Ê≈√ø1 ¤‰¬. ¤‰¬. ø¬ı©Ü [S.S. Bist] Ú±˜1 õ∂fl‘¡øÓ¬ ø¬ıô¶‘Ó¬ ∆˝√√ ’±ÀÂ√º 2003 ‰¬ÚÓ¬ ‰¬À˘±ª± ¤È¬± ¸˜œé¬± ¡fl¡˜«œÊ√ÀÚ ∆fl¡ÀÂ√ Œ˚ ˆ¬±1Ó¬Ó¬ ˜±Ú≈˝√√1 fl¡±˚«fl¡˘±¬Û1 ¬ı±À¬ı˝◊√√ ’Ú≈¸ø1 ¸±˜ø¢∂fl¡ˆ¬±Àª ¤ø‰¬˚˛±Ú ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 ¸—‡…± 30,000 ¬ıÂ√ø1 õ∂±˚˛ 200 ˝√√±Ó¬œ ˜‘Ó≈¬…˜≈‡Ó¬ ¬ÛÀ1º ¤È¬± ¬Ûø1¸—‡…±Ó¬ 1 Ó¬˘Õ˘ Ú±ø˜ ’±ø˝√√ÀÂ√ ’±1n∏ ˝◊√√˚˛±À1 10.000 1 ¬Û1± ø¬ıøˆ¬iß øSê˚˛± fl¡˘±¬ÛÓ¬ ˜‘Ó≈¬… Œ˝√√±ª± ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 ¸—‡…± ŒÓ¬›“ 15,000 ˝√√±Ó¬œ ˆ¬±1Ó¬ÀÓ¬ ’±ÀÂ√º ¤˝◊√√ø‡øÚ ˆ¬±1Ó¬œ˚˛ ¤ÀÚ√À1 Œ√‡≈ª±˝◊√√ÀÂ√– 120 ˝√√±Ó¬œÀ1± ’±Àfl¡Ã õ∂±˚˛ ’±Ò±ø‡øÚÀ˚˛˝◊√√ ’±ÀÂ√ ’¸˜, √±“Ó¬ ¬ı± ˜±—¸1 fl¡±1ÀÌ Œ‰¬±1±— ø‰¬fl¡±1 – È¬± Poisoning 25 ’1n∏Ì±‰¬˘ õ∂À√˙ ’±1n∏ Œ˜‚±˘˚˛Àfl¡ Òø1 Î¬◊M√√1 ¬Û”¬ı±«=˘1 ø¬ı¯∏øSê˚˛± [ ] – È¬± ·1n∏ ˜í˝√√1 ¬Û1± ’˝√√± Œ1±·1 ¸—Sê˜Ì – 20 È¬± 1±Ê√…Àfl¡˝◊√√‡ÚÓ¬º ø¬ı≈√…» ¬Û‘©Ü Œ˝√√±ª± – 16 È¬± ·Àª¯∏Ì±˝◊√√ ¤˝◊√√¬ı≈ø˘ ˆ¬˚˛±¬ı˝√√ ˝◊√√—ø·Ó¬ ø√ÀÂ√ Œ˚ Œ¬∏C˝◊√√Ú ”√‚«È¬Ú± – 10 È¬± &1n∏Q¬Û”Ì« ˆ¬±Àª ¸—1é¬Ì õ∂øSê˚˛±Ó¬ ˜ÀÚ±øÚÀ¬ı˙ Úfl¡ø1À˘ ’Ú…±Ú… – 10 È¬± 2020 ‰¬Ú1 øˆ¬Ó¬1ÀÓ¬ ˝√√ô¶œfl”¡˘ øÚ–À˙¯∏ ∆˝√√ ˚±¬ıº ˝√√ô¶œ [Source : An Overview of Elephant ˜±Úª ¸—‚±Ó¬1 ˘·ÀÓ¬ ˝√√±Ó¬œ √±“Ó¬1 Œ‰¬±1±— ¬ı…ª¸±˚˛1 ¬ı±À¬ı Conservation in India, The Indian Forester, Vol. ˝√√ô¶œ øÚÒÚ fl¡1± õ∂øSê˚˛±ÀÈ¬±›¬ ˝√√ô¶œfl”¡˘1 øÚª«—˙œfl¡1Ì 128, 2002. P.127] ’øˆ¬˚±Ú1 ˜≈‡… õ∂øSê˚˛± ∆˝√√ ¬Ûø1ÀÂ√º ˆ¬±1Ó¬1 Î¬◊M√√1 ¬Û”¬ı«±=˘ÀÓ¬ ¤‰¬œ˚˛ ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 [Asian 250 fl¡Ì«±È¬fl¡Ó¬ Œ˚±ª±√˙fl¡ÀÈ¬±Ó¬ È¬±Ó¬Õfl¡ ’øÒfl¡ Elephant] ¤fl¡ ¬ı‘˝√√» ¸—‡…fl¡ ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 ˘·Ó¬ ¤˝◊√√ ˝√√±Ó¬œ ˜±Ú≈˝√√1 ˝√√±Ó¬Ó¬ ˜‘Ó≈¬… ∆˝√√ÀÂ√ ’±1n∏ ¤Àfl¡ ¸˜˚˛ÀÓ¬ ¸˜±Ú ’=˘ÀÈ¬±1 Ê√Ú ¸±Ò±1Ì1 ¤fl¡ √œ‚˘œ˚˛± ¸—‚±Ó¬ ‰¬ø˘ ¸—‡…fl¡ ˜±Ú≈À˝√√› ˜‘Ó≈¬…¬ı1Ì fl¡ø1¬ı ˘·± ∆˝√√ÀÂ√º ˝√√ô¶œ˜±Úª ’±ø˝√√ÀÂ√º ’¸˜ ’±1n∏ Œ˜‚±˘˚˛Ó¬ õ∂±˚˛ ¸±Ó¬˝√√±Ê√±1 ¬ıÚ1œ˚˛± ¸—‚±Ó¬ ¸•Ûfl«¡œ˚˛ ¤fl¡ Œ·±‰¬11 1±˚˛√±Ú fl¡ø1 fl¡Ì«±È¬fl¡ Î¬◊2‰¬ ˝√√±Ó¬œ ’±ÀÂ√ øfl¡c ¤˝◊√√ ¬ı…±¬Ûfl¡ ¸—‡…fl¡ ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 ¬ı±À¬ı ¬ıÚ±=˘ Ú…±˚˛±˘À˚˛ 1±Ê√…‰¬1fl¡±1fl¡ ¤˝◊√√ ¸—‚±Ó¬1 Î¬◊¬Û˙˜ ‚È¬±¬ıÕ˘ fl¡ø˜ ’±ø˝√√ÀÂ√º ¤È¬± ’Ò…˚˛ÚÓ¬ õ∂fl¡±˙ ¬Û±˝◊√√øÂ√˘ Œ˚ 1996 õ∂À˚˛±Ê√Úœ˚˛ fl¡±˚«¸”‰¬œ ¢∂˝√√Ì fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘ øÚÀ«√˙ ø√ÀÂ√ ’±1n∏ ‰¬Ú1 ¬Û1± 2000 ‰¬Ú1 øˆ¬Ó¬1Ó¬ Î¬◊M√√1 ¬Û”¬ı«±=˘Ó¬ ≈√˝◊√√˘±‡

24 ’±˙œ˝√√±Ê√±1 Œ˝√√"√√1 ˜±øÈ¬1 ¬Û1± ¬ıÚ±=˘ Î¬◊À26√√ fl¡1± ∆˝√√øÂ√˘ ¬ıÓ«¬˜±Ú Í¬±À˚˛ Í¬±À˚˛ ’±|˚˛ ø˙ø¬ı1 ¬Û±øÓ¬¬ı ˘·± ∆˝√√ÀÂ√º ’±1n∏ ¤˝◊√√ õ∂ªÌÓ¬± SêÀ˜ ¬ı‘øXÀ˝√√ ¬Û±˝◊√√ ’±ø˝√√ÀÂ√º Ù¬˘¶§1+À¬Û Œ1Î¬SêÂ√ Â√‰¬±˝◊√√øÈ¬1 √À1 ’Ú≈á¬±ÀÚ› ¤ÀÚ ”√ˆ«¬·œ˚˛± ¸fl¡˘1 ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 ¬ı±À¬ı ˝◊√√˚˛±1 ø¬ı‰¬1Ì ˆ”¬ø˜ ¸œø˜Ó¬ Œ˝√√±ª±1 ˘·ÀÓ¬ ›‰¬1Ó¬ È¬±¬Û«ø˘Ú, fl¡•§˘, ’±Í≈¬ª± ’±ø√ ∆˘ ¸±˝√√±˚« ’±·¬ıÏ¬ˇ±¬ı ˜±Ú≈˝√√1 ˘·Ó¬ ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 ¸—‚±Ó¬ ¬ı± ¤ÀÚÒ1Ì1 ’Ú±fl¡±—øé¬Ó¬ ˘·± ∆˝√√ÀÂ√Õ·º ¤˝◊√√ Œé¬SÓ¬ ˜±Ê≈√ø˘1 ˆ¬fl¡Ó¬ ‰¬±¬Ûø1 ¬Ûø1À¬ı˙À¬ı±1 ¸‘ø©Ü ∆˝√√ÀÂ√º ¤À˘fl¡±1 Ú±˜ ø¬ıÀ˙¯∏ ˆ¬±À¬ı ˘í¬ı ¬Û±ø1º ¬ıÚ-ø¬ı˙±1√ ¸fl¡˘ Œ˜‚±˘˚˛ ’±1n∏ ’¸˜1 ø¬ıøˆ¬iß ’=˘Ó¬ Ù¬È¬fl¡± ’±1n∏ õ∂fl‘¡øÓ¬ø¬ı√ ¸fl¡À˘ ¤È¬± fl¡Ô±Ó¬ ¤fl¡ ˜Ó¬ õ∂fl¡±˙ flÀ1 ’±1n∏ ’±Ó¬‰¬¬ı±Ê√œ Ê√±Ó¬œ˚˛ ¸±˜¢∂œ ˚ÀÔ©Ü ø¬ıSêœ ˝√√˚˛ ˚±1 Œ˚ ˝√√±Ó¬œÀ¬ı±1 ’˝√√±À˚±ª± fl¡1± fl¡ø1√1 Œ¬ı±1 ¬ıg ∆˝√√ ∆·ÀÂ√º ˜”˘fl¡±1Ì ˝√√í˘ ¬ıÚ…˝√√ô¶œ1 ¸˜¸…±º ¢∂±˜±=˘1 ¬ıUÀ˘±Àfl¡ ˆ¬fl¡Ó¬ ‰¬±¬Ûø1› ’±øÂ√˘ ¬Û”¬ı«1 ˝√√±Ó¬œ ’˝√√±À˚±ª± fl¡1± ¤È¬± Œfl¡ª˘ ˝√√±Ó¬œ Œ‡ø√¬ı1 ¬ı±À¬ı˝◊√√ ŒSêfl¡±1 Ê√±Ó¬œ˚˛ ¸±˜¢∂œ ’±1n∏ fl¡ø1√1º ¬ıÓ«¬˜±Ú Ê√Ú¬ı¸øÓ¬ ¬Û”Ì« ∆˝√√ ¬Û1± ¬ı±À¬ı ¤˝◊√√ fl¡ø1√1 ‰¬±‰«¬ ˘±˝◊√√È¬ ¬ı…ª˝√√±1 fl¡À1º Ê√Ú¬ı¸øÓ¬ ¬ı±øÏ¬ˇ ’˝√√±1 ˘À· ˘À· ¬ıg ∆˝√√ ¬Ûø1ÀÂ√ ’±1n∏ fl¡ø1√1 ’Ài§¯∏Ì fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘ ∆· ’±1n∏ fl¡±1ÀÌ ’fl¡±1ÀÌ ¬ıÚˆ”¬ø˜ Ò—¸ fl¡1±1 Ù¬˘Ó¬ ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 ˝√√±Ó¬œÀ¬ı±À1 Ê√ÚÊ√œªÚ1 é¬øÓ¬ fl¡À1º ¬ı±À¬ı õ∂À˚˛±Ê√Úœ˚˛ ’±ª±¸¶ö˘ ¸—fl≈¡ø‰¬Ó¬ ∆˝√√ ¬Ûø1˘º ’±·ÀÓ¬˝◊√√ Œfl¡±ª± ∆˝√√ÀÂ√ Œ˚ ’¸˜ ’±1n∏ Œ˜‚±˘˚˛1 ¬ıÚ…ˆ”¬ø˜1 ¸—Àfl¡±‰¬Ú1 Ù¬˘ÀÓ¬ ‡±√… ’±1n∏ ¬ı±¸ˆ”¬ø˜1 ¬ıÚ±=˘ ¤À˘fl¡±Ó¬ õ∂±˚˛ 7000 ¬ıÚ1œ˚˛± ˝√√±Ó¬œ ’±ÀÂ√º ’Ài§¯∏ÌÓ¬ ˝√√ô¶œfl≈¡˘ ˜±Ú≈˝√√1 ¬ı¸øÓ¬¶ö˘1 ˜±Ê√Õ˘ Œ¸±˜±˝◊√√ 1996 ‰¬Ú1 ¬Û1± 2000 ‰¬Ú1 øˆ¬Ó¬1Ó¬ ¤˝◊√√ ≈√˝◊√√ 1±Ê√…Ó¬ ’±ø˝√√ÀÂ√º Ò±Ú, fl≈“¡ø˝√√˚˛±1 ’±1n∏ ‰¬±Î¬◊˘1 ¬Û1± ∆Ó¬˚˛±1 fl¡1± 2,80,000 Œ˝√√"√√1 ˜±øÈ¬1 ¬Û1± ¬ıÚ±=˘ Î¬◊À26√√ ∆˝√√ÀÂ√ ’±1n∏ ¸≈1±Ê√±Ó¬œ˚˛ ¸±˜¢∂œ ˝√√í˘ ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 ’±È¬±˝◊√√Ó¬Õfl¡ øõ∂˚˛‡±√… ’±1n∏ ’±Úøfl¡ 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ Î¬◊√…±Ú ¸˜”˝√√À1± 18,000 Œ˝√√"1 ˜±øÈ¬Ó¬ Œ¸˝◊√√¬ı±À¬ı˝◊√√ ¤˝◊√√ øÓ¬øÚø¬ıÒ ¸±˜¢∂œ Î¬◊¬Û˘t Œ˝√√±ª± Í¬±˝◊√√Õ˘ Œ¬ı√‡˘ ∆˝√√ÀÂ√º Ù¬˘¶§1+À¬Û õ∂±˚ 2000 Œ1± ’øÒfl¡ ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 ˝√√±Ó¬œ ¸‚Ú±˝◊√√ ˚±S± fl¡À1º ¬ıU Í¬±˝◊√√Ó¬ Ê√ÚÊ√±Ó¬œ˚˛ Œ˘±fl¡ ¬ı±À¬ı ¬ı±¸¶ö±Ú Ú±˝◊√√øfl¡˚˛± ∆˝√√ ¬Ûø1ÀÂ√º ¤˝◊√√ ¬ı±¸¶ö±Ú ø¬ı˝√√œÚ ¸fl¡À˘ ˜±øÈ¬1 Ó¬˘Ó¬ ¸≈1±ˆ¬±G±1 ¸˜”˝√√ ¬Û≈øÓ¬ Ô˚˛ - ‰¬±Î¬◊˘, ˝√√±Ó¬œ¸˜”√À˝√√˝◊√√ ˝√√ô¶œ ¸La±¸1 ’Ú…Ó¬˜ Ú±˚˛fl¡º 2001 ‰¬Ú1 ’±Ò±‡≈G± Ò±Ú ’±ø√1 øfl¡•§Ú øSê˚˛± ‚øÈ¬¬ı1 ¬ı±À¬ıº ˝√√±Ó¬œÀ˚˛ ¬Û1± 2006 ‰¬Ú1 øˆ¬Ó¬1Ó¬ ’¸˜Ó¬ ˜‘Ó≈¬… Œ˝√√±ª± 256 È¬± Œ·±g ¬Û±˝◊√√ ¤˝◊√√ ˜±øÈ¬1 Ó¬˘1 ¸≈1±ˆ¬±G±1 ¸˜”˝√√ ¬‡±øµ ¸≈1±- ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 ¸1˝√√¸—‡…Àfl¡˝◊√√ ˜‘Ó≈¬… ∆˝√√ÀÂ√ ˜±Ú≈˝√√1 ∆¸ÀÓ¬ Œ˝√√±ª± ¸±˜¢∂œ ˆ¬é¬Ì fl¡ø1 Ê√Ú¬ı¸øÓ¬ ¤À˘fl¡±Ó¬ Ó¬±Gª ¸‘ø©Ü fl¡À1º ¸—‚±Ó¬1 ¬ı±À¬ıº ¬Ûø1ø¶öøÓ¬ ¶§±ˆ¬±øªfl¡ÀÓ¬ Î¬◊ÀM√√Ê√Ú± ¬Û”Ì«º ’¸˜Ó¬ Œ˚±ª± Œ¯∏±~ ¬ıÂ√1Ó¬ Â√˙À1± ’øÒfl¡ ˜±Ú≈˝√√ ˜±Ú≈˝√√ ’±1n∏ ˝√√±Ó¬œ ≈√À˚˛±È¬±˝◊√√ ’±˜±1 ¬ı±À¬ı &1n∏Q¬Û”Ì« ¸•Û√º ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 ’±Sê˜ÌÓ¬ ˜‘Ó≈¬… ˝√√˚˛ ’Ô«±» ·Î¬ˇ ø˝√√‰¬±À¬Û ¬ıÂ√ø1 õ∂±˚˛ ≈√À˚˛±fl”¡˘ 1é¬± Œ˝√√±ª±Õfl¡ ¬ı…±¬Ûfl¡ fl¡±˚«¸”‰¬œÀ˚˛À˝√√ ¬˝√√ô¶œ ˜±Úª ‰¬ø~Â√Ê√Ú ˜±Ú≈˝√√ ¤ÀÚ√À1 ˜‘Ó≈¬… ˜≈‡Ó¬ ¬ÛÀ1º ¸—fl≈¡ø‰¬Ó¬ ¸—‚±Ó¬ õ∂˙ø˜Ó¬ fl¡ø1¬ı ¬Û±À1º ¬ıÚ±=À˘ ˝√√±Ó¬œÀ¬ı±1fl¡ ’øÒfl¡ Î¬◊√„√√œ˚˛± fl¡ø1 Œ¬Û˘±˝◊√√ÀÂ√ - õ∂fl‘¡Ó¬ÀÓ¬ ¬ıËp¡¬Û≈S1 Î¬◊M√√1 ¬Û±11 ’¸˜ ’1n∏Ì±‰¬˘ ’±1n∏ Ò±Ú ’±ø√ ‡±√…1 ’Ài§¯∏Ì fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘ ∆· ø¸˝“√√ÀÓ¬ ˜±Ú≈˝√√ õ∂À√˙1 19 ‡Ú øÊ√˘± ¸±˜ø1 ¤fl¡ ¬ı‘˝√√» ¤À˘fl¡± øfl¡Â≈√¬ıÂ√11 ˝√√Ó¬…± fl¡ø1ÀÂ√º ˜±Ú≈À˝√√± ∆1 Ôfl¡± Ú±˝◊√√, Ù¬È¬fl¡±, ¬ıí˜, ŒSêfl¡±1 ’±·Õ˘Àfl¡ ¬ıÚ…˝√√ô¶œ1 ø¬ı‰¬1Ì ˆ”¬ø˜ ’±øÂ√˘º 1991 ‰¬Ú1 øfl¡øÚÀÂ√, Œˆ¬±È¬± ;˘±¬ıÕ˘ Œfl¡1±ø‰¬Ú ¸—¢∂˝√√ fl¡ø1ÀÂ√, ‰¬±‰«¬ ¬Û1± 2001 ‰¬Ú1 øˆ¬Ó¬1Ó¬ ¤˝◊√√ ø¬ı‰¬1Ì ˆ”¬ø˜1 ’¸˜1 ’—˙ ˘±˝◊√√È¬ øfl¡øÚÀÂ√ ’±1n∏ Œfl¡±ÀÚ±Àfl¡±ÀÚ±Àª ÒÚ≈fl¡±1 ¬Û˚«ôL ŒÈ¬±ÀÓ¬ 65 ˙Ó¬±—˙ ¬ıÚ±=˘ Ò√ı—˙ ∆˝√√ÀÂ√ ø˚ÀÈ¬± ¬ı…ª˝√√±1 fl¡ø1ÀÂ√º ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 ’±Sê˜ÌÓ¬ ’±Sê±ôL ¸fl¡˘1 ¬ı±À¬ı˝◊√√ ¶§±ˆ¬±øªfl¡ÀÓ¬˝◊√√ Î¬◊À¡Z·Ê√Úfl¡º ¤˝◊√√ ¬ıÚ±=˘ Ò√ı—˙˝◊√√ ¸±˜ø¢∂fl¡

25 ˆ¬±À¬ı ¸fl¡À˘± Œ|Ìœ1 ¬ıÚ…õ∂±ÌœÀ1 ¬ı±¸¶ö±Ú, ’±‰¬1Ì, ‡±√…- ¬fl‘¡øS˜ ¬ı±g, √˘—, Œ1˘¬ÛÔ ’±ø√À˚˛ fl¡ø1√1 Œ¬ı±1 ¬ıg ¢∂˝√√Ì õ∂øSê˚˛± ’±ø√Ó¬ ¬ı…±¬Ûfl¡ ø¬ı1+¬Û õ∂ˆ¬±ª Œ¬Û˘±˝◊√√ÀÂ√º fl¡1±1 Ù¬˘Ó¬, ¬ı˚˛¸œ˚˛±˘ ˝√√±Ó¬œÀ¬ı±11 ŒÚÓ‘¬QÓ¬ fl¡ø1√11 ¸—‚±Ó¬ øÚ1±˜˚˛ ¸yªÀÚ∑ ¸g±Ú fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘ ’±ø˝√√ ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 Ê√±fl¡À¬ı±1 Œ‡øÓ¬ ¬ÛÔ±1Ó¬ ˝√√±Ó¬œ ’±1n∏ ˜±Ú≈˝√√1 ˜±Ê√Ó¬ ‚È¬± ¸±•xøÓ¬fl¡ ¸˜˚˛1 ’Ô¬ı± ¬ı¸øÓ¬¬Û”Ì« ¤À˘fl¡±Ó¬ Œ¸±˜±˚˛ø˝√√º ¤ÀÚ ’ª¶ö±ÀÓ¬ ¸—‚±Ó¬ øÚ1±˜˚˛1 Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ‰≈¬øÈ¬ ¬ÛÔ Ú±˝◊√√º ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 ’±¬ı±¸¶ö˘ 1±˝◊√√ÀÊ√ Œ˚øÓ¬˚˛± ø¬ıøˆ¬iß Ù¬±˘1 ¬Û1± ŒSêfl¡±1 Ù≈¬È¬±˝◊√√ ’Ô¬ı± ¸—1é¬Ì ’±1n∏ ¬Ûø1¬ıX«ÀÚ˝◊√√ ¤˝◊√√ ¸˜¸…± ¸˜±Ò±Ú1 ¤fl¡˜±S Ê≈√˝◊√√ Œˆ¬±È¬± ;˘±˝◊√√ øÚÊ√1 ’=˘1 ¬Û1± ˝√√±Ó¬œÊ√±fl¡ Î¬◊¬Û±˚˛ ˝√√í¬ı ¬Û±À1º √œ‚˘œ˚˛± ¬Ûø1fl¡äÚ±À1 ‰¬1fl¡±À1 ¤ÀÚ ’±“Ó¬1±¬ıÕ˘ ˚P fl¡À1 ŒÓ¬øÓ¬˚˛±˝◊√√ ø√flƒ¡ ø¬ıø√fl¡ Œ˝√√1n∏ª±˝◊√√ fl¡±˚«¸”‰¬œ ¢∂˝√Ì fl¡1±1 ’±Ú ø¬ıfl¡ä Ú±˝◊√√º ø˚ø‡øÚ ¬ıÚ±=˘ ˝√√±Ó¬œÀ˚˛ Ê√ÚÊ√œªÚ1 ’øÚ©Ü ¸±ÒÚ fl¡À1º ¤øÓ¬˚˛±Õ˘Àfl¡ Ò√ı—¸ ˝√√í˘--- ˝√√í˘, øfl¡c ˆ¬øª¯∏…ÀÓ¬ ˚±ÀÓ¬ øÓ¬øÚ¬ı±1Õfl¡ ëø¢∂Ì ’¶®±1í ø¬ıÀÊ√Ó¬± ˆ¬±1Ó¬œ˚˛ ’øÒfl¡ Ò√ı—¸ Ú˝√√˚˛ Ó¬±1 ¬ı±À¬ı ¸øSê˚˛ ˆ”¬ø˜fl¡± ¢∂˝√√Ì Ó¬Ô…ø‰¬S øÚ˜±«Ó¬± ˜±˝◊√√fl¡ ¬Û±ÀG˝◊√√ øÚ˜±«Ì fl¡1± ëø√ ˘±©Ü fl¡1±ÀÈ¬±À˝√√ &1n∏Q¬Û”Ì« fl¡Ô±º ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 fl¡ø1√1 ¸˜”˝√√1 ø˚Àfl¡˝◊√√È¬± ˜±˝◊√√À¢∂‰¬Úí [The Last Migration ] Ú±˜1 fl¡ø1√1 ¬ıÓ«¬˜±ÀÚ› ˜≈Mê√Õ˝√√ ’±ÀÂ√ ’Ô¬ı± ø˚Àfl¡˝◊√√È¬± fl¡ø1√1 Ó¬Ô…ø‰S‡ÀÚ 1994 ‰¬ÚÓ¬ õ∂Ô˜ ¬Û±G± ¬Û≈1¶®±1 øfl¡Â≈√ ø‰¬ôL± ’±1n∏ ¬Ûø1fl¡äÚ±1 ¡Z±1± ¬Û≈Ú1 ˜≈fl¡ø˘ fl¡ø1¬ı [Panda award] ˘±ˆ¬ fl¡ø1øÂ√˘ ’±1n∏ ¤˝◊√√ ¬Û±ø1, Œ¸˝◊√√ fl¡ø1√1¸˜”˝√√ ¸¬ı˘ fl¡ø1 Ó≈ø˘À˘ ¸—‚±Ó¬1 øfl¡Â≈√ Ó¬Ô…ø‰¬S‡ÚÓ¬ ¬Û±ÀG˝◊√√ Œ√‡≈ª±¬ıÕ˘ ˚P fl¡ø1øÂ√˘ Œfl¡ÀÚÕfl¡ Î¬◊¬Û˙˜ ’±˙± fl¡ø1¬ı ¬Û±ø1º Î¬◊¬Û^nÓ¬ ’=˘1 ¬ıÚ±=˘ Ò√ı—¸ õ∂øSê˚˛± ’±1n∏ ˜±Ú≈˝√√1 ¡Z±1± ˝√√ô¶œfl¡ø1√1 Ê√Ú¸±Ò±1ÌÀfl¡± ¸Ê√±· ’±1n∏ ¸À‰¬Ó¬Ú fl¡1±1 õ∂À˚˛±Ê√Ú ¸˜”˝√√1 ’±¢∂±¸ÀÚ ˜±Ú≈˝√√ ’±1n∏ ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 ˜±Ê√Ó¬ ¸—‚±Ó¬¬ ¬ı‘øX ’±ÀÂ√ ˚±ÀÓ¬ ’øÒfl¡ ˝√√±Ó¬œ ’±1n∏ ˜±Ú≈˝√√1 ˜‘Ó≈¬… ’√ªÒ±ø1Ó¬ fl¡ø1ÀÂ√º ëø√ Œˆ¬øÚø‰¬— øÊ√˚˛±KI◊í [The Vanishing ∆˝√√ Ú±Ô±Àfl¡º Ê√ÚÊ√œªÚfl¡ ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 ø¬ı‰¬1Ì ø¬ıøÒ, õ∂Ê√±øÓ¬·Ó¬ Giant] Ú±˜1 ¬Û±Â√1 ¤‡Ú ¬Û≈1¶®±1 ø¬ıÀÊ√Ó¬± Ó¬Ô…ø‰¬SÓ¬ ’±‰¬1Ì ’±ø√ ¸•ÛÀfl«¡ ø˙øé¬Ó¬ fl¡ø1 Ó≈¬ø˘¬ı ˘±À·º ˝√√±Ó¬œ ŒÓ¬›“ Œ˜˘±ø‰¬fl¡±11 ¡Z±1± ˝√√±Ó¬œ fl¡1±˚˛Q fl¡1± ’±1n∏ ¬Û1ªM√√π Œ‡√±À1± øÚø«©Ü Œfl¡Ã˙˘ ’±ÀÂ√º ¸±˜ø¢∂fl¡ˆ¬±À¬ı ¤˝◊√√ Œfl¡Ã˙˘ ¸˜˚˛Ó¬ fl¡ÀÍ¬±1 ˙±øô¶À1 ¬ıÚ1œ˚˛± ˝√√±Ó¬œ ¬ı˙œˆ”¬Ó¬ fl¡1±1 ¸˜”˝√√ õ∂À˚˛±· fl¡ø1À˘ ˜±Ú≈˝√√ ’±1n∏ ˝√√±Ó¬œ ≈√À˚˛±fl”¡˘À1 ’øÚ©Ü Œfl¡Ã˙˘ õ∂√˙«Ú fl¡ø1ÀÂ√º ’¸˜1 ø¬ı‡…±Ó¬ ˜ø˝√√˘± ˝√√±Ó¬œ øfl¡Â≈√ fl¡˜±¬ı ¬Û±ø1º ¬ıÚfl¡˜«œ ’±1n∏ ø¬ı¯∏˚˛±¸fl¡À˘ ¤˝◊√√ ø√˙ÀÈ¬±1 ˜±Î¬◊Ó¬ õ∂ˆ¬±Ó¬œ ¬ı1n∏ª±˝◊√√ fl¡1±˚˛Q fl¡1± ¤È¬± ˝√√±Ó¬œ Œ¬Û±ª±˘œ1 õ∂øÓ¬ Ê√Ú·Ìfl¡ ¸Ê√±· fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘ ¬Ûø1fl¡øäÓ¬ fl¡±˚«¸”‰¬œ ¢∂˝√√Ì ¬ı˙œˆ”¬Ó¬fl¡1Ì õ∂øSê˚˛±Ó¬ Œ˝√√±ª± ˜‘Ó≈¬…1 fl¡1n∏Ì ‘√˙… ¬Û±ÀG˝◊√√ fl¡ø1¬ı ˘±À·º Œfl¡À˜1±À1 ¢∂˝√√Ì fl¡ø1øÂ√˘º Œ˜˘±ø‰¬fl¡±1 õ∂øSê˚˛±Ó¬ Òø1 ˝√√ô¶œfl¡ø1√1 ¬¬Û≈Ú1n∏X±1 – ¤fl¡ Ê√øÈ¬˘ ø¬ıfl¡ä ’Ú± ˝√√±Ó¬œÀ¬ı±11 õ∂øÓ¬ ¬ıÚ ø¬ıˆ¬±·1 ø¬ı¯∏˚˛±¸fl¡À˘ õ∂√˙«Ú &1n∏Q¬Û”Ì« ˝√√ô¶œ fl¡ø1√1 ¸˜”˝√√ ¬ıg ∆˝√√ Œ˚±ª±ÀÈ¬±› fl¡1± ëõ∂À˚˛±Ê√Úœ˚˛ ’¬Ûfl¡˜« ¸‘√˙í Ú‘˙—¸Ó¬±˝◊√√ ¬Û±ÀGfl¡ fl“¡¬Û±˝◊√√ ∆˝√√ÀÂ√ ˝√√ô¶œ ˜±Úª ¸—‚±Ó¬1 ’Ú…Ó¬˜ fl¡±1Ìº ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 Ó≈¬ø˘øÂ√˘ ’±1n∏ Ó¬Ô…ø‰¬S1 ¬ı±À¬ı ¢∂˝√√Ì fl¡1± Œ¸˝◊√√ ‘√˙…Àfl¡ ’±˚˛≈¸fl¡±˘ ø˚À˝√√Ó≈¬ ˚ÀÔ©Ü Œ¬ıøÂ√ Œ¸À˚˛À˝√√ ¬ı˚˛¸œ˚˛±˘ ”√1√˙«Ú¬1 Ê√ø1˚˛ÀÓ¬ ¬Û±ÀG˝◊√√ ¬ı±Ó¬ø1 ø˝√√‰¬±À¬Û ¸•x‰¬±1 ˝√√±Ó¬œÀ¬ı±À1 ø¸˝“√√Ó¬1 Ê√œªÚ1 ’±ø√ fl¡±˘1 fl¡ø1√1 Œ¬ı±11 fl¡ø1øÂ√˘º õ∂ø˙øé¬Ó¬ ëfl≈¡Úfl¡œí1 ¡Z±1± Œfl¡ÀÚÕfl¡ Ê√±fl¡1n∏ª± fl¡Ô± ˜ÚÓ¬ 1±À‡º ¬Û±Â√1 ¸˜˚˛ÀÂ√±ª±Ó¬ 1±©Ü±-‚±È¬, ˜Ô±Î¬◊ø1 ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 ˜±Ê√1 ¬Û1± ¤È¬± ˝√√±Ó¬œfl¡ ’fl¡˘˙1œ˚˛± fl¡ø1 fl¡1±˚˛Q ,¬Û≈Ú¸«—¶ö±¬ÛÚ1 ¬ı±À¬ı Œ˝√√±ª± Ê√Ú¬ı¸øÓ¬, ∆¬ı≈√…øÓ¬fl¡1Ì, fl¡1± ˝√√˚˛ ’±1n∏ ¤È¬± ¬ıÚ… ˝√√±Ó¬œ ¤˝◊√√ õ∂øSê˚˛±ÀÈ¬±Ó¬ Ê√øÎ¬ˇÓ¬ ∆˝√√

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27 ˝√√˚˛ ’±1n∏ ¤˝◊√√ ø¬ı≈√…» Î¬◊◊»¬Û±√Ú fl¡1± ˝√√˚˛ Œ¸Ã1 ˙øMê√1 ¬Û1±º ¸≈1é¬±1 ¬ı±À¬ı ¤˝◊√√ õ∂fl¡ä˝◊√√ Œfl¡Ó¬À¬ı±1 ¬ı…ª¶ö±1 fl¡Ô± ø‰¬ôL± ¤ÀÚÒ1Ì1 ø¬ı≈√…» õ∂ª±ø˝√√Ó¬ Ó¬±“1 ˝√√±Ó¬œÀ˚˛ ¶Û˙« fl¡ø1À˘ fl¡ø1ÀÂ√ - ø˚À¬ı±11 ¬ıUø‡øÚ ¶ö±Úœ˚˛ˆ¬±À¬ı Î¬◊æ≤Ó¬ ’±1n∏ ¬ıUÀ¬ı±1 Ó¬±»é¬øÌfl¡ˆ¬±À¬ı ˝√√±Ó¬œÀ˚˛ ë‰¬fl¡í [Shock] ¬Û±¬ı----øfl¡c √øé¬Ì ¤ø‰¬˚˛± ’±1n∏ ’±øÙË¬fl¡±1 ¬Û1± ’±˜√±Úœfl‘¡Ó¬º ’ªÀ˙… ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 ˜‘Ó≈¬… ¬ı± ’±‚±Ó¬õ∂±5 Ú˝√√˚˛º ø¬ı≈√…» ë‰¬fl¡í Œ¬Û±ª±1 ¬ı…ª¶ö±À¬ı±1 ¶ö±Ú ’±1n∏ ¸˜˚˛ ¸±À¬ÛÀé¬ ¬Ûø1¬ıÓ¬«Ú Œ˚±·… ¬Û±Â√Ó¬ ˝√√±Ó¬œÀ˚˛ Œ¸˝◊√√ ¬ÛÀÔÀ1 ’±·¬ı±øÏ¬ˇ¬ıÕ˘ øÚø¬ı‰¬±ø1¬ı ø˝√√‰¬±À¬Û Î¬◊O±¬ÛÚ fl¡1± ∆˝√√ÀÂ√ ’±1n∏ ¤È¬± ’=˘1 ¬Û1± ’±Ú ¬ı≈ø˘ ø¬ı:±Úœ¸fl¡À˘ ’±˙± fl¡ø1ÀÂ√º ¤È¬± ’=˘Õ˘ ¤˝◊√√ ¬ı…ª¶ö±À¬ı±1, Ê√Ú¸±Ò±1Ì1 õ∂À‰¬©Ü±Ó¬ ’¸˜ ˝√√±Ó¬œ õ∂fl¡ä – ¸•x¸±1Ì fl¡1±1 ¬ı…ª¶ö±› ’±ÀÂ√º ¸±Ò±1ÌÀÓ¬ øÚÀ•ß±Mê√ ˚≈Mê√1±©Üò øˆ¬øM√√fl¡ ¸—·Í¬Ú ëŒ‰¬©Ü±1 Ê≈√í (Cheser ¬ı…ª¶ö± Œfl¡˝◊√√È¬± ’¸˜ ˝√√±Ó¬œ õ∂fl¡ä˝◊√√ ¸√…˝√√ÀÓ¬ 1+¬Û±˚˛Ú1 fl¡±˜ Zoo) ’±1n∏ ˆ¬±1Ó¬œ˚˛ ¸—·Í¬Ú ë˝◊√√fl¡íø‰¬À©Ü˜ ˝◊√√øG˚˛±í [ Eco ˝√√±Ó¬Ó¬ ∆˘ÀÂ√ – System India ] Ú±˜1 ≈√È¬± ¸—·Í¬ÀÚ ë’¸˜ ˝√√±Ó¬œ õ∂fl¡äí ¸Ó¬fl«¡ ‚∞I◊± – ¤˝◊√√ ¬ÛXøÓ¬Ó¬ Œ‡øÓ¬ ¬ÛÔ±11 ¬Û1± ·±“ª1 [ Assam Hathi Project ] Ú±À˜À1 ¤È¬± õ∂fl¡ä Î¬◊M√√1- ˜±Ê√Õ˘ ‡≈È¬±Ó¬ ¬ı±øg ’Ô¬ı± ·Â√Ó¬ ˘·±˝◊√√ ¤Àfl¡±Î¬√±˘ 1‰¬œ ¬Û”¬ı±«=¬˘Ó¬, ø¬ıÀ˙¯∏Õfl¡ ’¸˜Ó¬ 1+¬Û±˚˛Ú fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘ õ∂À‰¬©Ü± ¸—˘¢ü fl¡1± ˝√√˚˛º 1‰¬œÎ¬√±˘ ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 Ê√±fl¡ Œ‡øÓ¬1 ¬ÛÔ±1Õ˘ ∆˘ÀÂ√º ˝√√ô¶œ ˜±Úª ¸—‚±Ó¬1 õ∂±¬ı˘… fl¡À˜±ª±1 ¶§±Ô«Ó¬ ’˝√√±1 ø√À˙ ¸±Ò√±1ÌÀÓ¬ ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 fl¡±g1 ¸˜±Ú Î¬◊2‰¬Ó¬±Ó¬ ’±Sê±ôL ’=˘ ¸˜”˝√√Ó¬ ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 ¬Û1± ˝√√í¬ı ¬Û1± é¬øÓ¬ ˝}√√±¸ ¶ö±¬ÛÚ fl¡1± ˝√√˚˛ ’±1n∏ 1‰¬œÎ¬√±˘1 ·±“ª1 Ù¬±˘1 ’—˙ÀÈ¬±Ó¬ fl¡1Ì1 ›¬Û1Ó¬ Ê√Ú·Ì1 ¸˝√√À˚±·Ó¬ ¤˝◊√√ õ∂fl¡ä˝◊√√ fl¡±˜ ¸—˘¢ü fl¡1± ˝√√˚˛ ¤È¬± ¬ı± ¤fl¡±øÒfl¡ ‚∞I◊±º ˝√√±Ó¬œ Œ‡øÓ¬ fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘ ∆˘ÀÂ√º ¬ÛÔ±1Ó¬ õ∂À¬ı˙ fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘ ’±ø˝√√À˘˝◊√√ ¤˝◊√√ 1‰¬œÓ¬ ˘±ø·¬ı ’±1n∏ ¤Àfl¡¸˜˚˛ÀÓ¬ ¤˝◊√√ õ∂fl¡ä˝◊√√ ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 Ê√±fl¡¸˜”˝√√1 ·±“ª1 øˆ¬Ó¬11 ‚∞I◊±À¬ı±1 ¬ı±øÊ√¬ıº ŒÓ¬øÓ¬˚˛± 1±˝◊√√ÀÊ√ ¸˜”˝√√œ˚˛± ‰¬±˘‰¬˘Ú, ˝◊√√˝“√√Ó¬1 ’±‰¬1Ì, ¬Ûø1¬Û≈ø©Ü ¸•Ûfl¡π˚˛ ˆ¬±À¬ı ¬ı± ¤È¬± √˘Ó¬, õ∂ø˙øé¬Ó¬ ˜±Ò…˜Ó¬ ˝√√±Ó¬œÊ√±fl¡ õ∂À˚˛±Ê√Úœ˚˛Ó¬± ’±ø√1 ø¬ı¯∏À˚˛ ’Ò…˚˛Ú ’±1n∏ ¬ı…ª¶ö± ¢∂˝√√Ì1 Ùv¬±Â√˘±˝◊√√È¬ ¬ı± ’±Ú¬ı…ª¶ö±À1 Œ‡øÓ¬ ¬ÛÔ±11 ¬Û1± Œ‡ø√ Œ¬Û±¯∏fl¡Ó¬±› fl¡ø1ÀÂ√º ˝√√±Ó¬œ ¸—1é¬Ì1 Œ¬Û±¯∏fl¡Ó¬± fl¡1± ¬ÛÔ±¬ıº ø¬ıøˆ¬iß ¸—·Í¬Ú ’±1n∏ øÚfl¡±˚˛ ¸˜”˝√√, ‰¬1fl¡±1œ ø¬ıˆ¬±· ’±ø√1 øÚ1œé¬Ì ‰¬fl¡œ – ’±Sê±ôL ¤À˘fl¡±1 ¬Û1± ”√1Ó¬, ˜±Ê√Ó¬ ¸˝√√À˚±ø·Ó¬± ¬ı‘øX1 ˜±ÀÊ√À1 ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 ’±ª±¸¶ö˘œ ’±·Ó¬œ˚˛±Õfl¡ ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 Ê√±fl¡1 ’ª¶ö±Ú ’±1n∏ ·øÓ¬ø¬ıøÒ ¸—1é¬Ì ’±1n∏ fl‘¡ø¯∏ˆ”¬ø˜ ¬ı…ª˝√√±11 ¬Ûø1fl¡äÚ±1 √œ‚˘œ˚˛± Úœø1é¬Ì fl¡ø1¬ı ¬Û1±Õfl¡ øfl¡Â≈√˜±Ú øÚ¬ı˛œé¬Ì ‰¬fl¡œ ¶ö±¬ÛÚ fl¡±˚«¸”‰¬œ ¤˝◊√√ õ∂fl¡äÓ¬ ¸øißø¬ı©Ü ∆˝√√ÀÂ√º fl¡1± ∆˝√√ÀÂ√ ˚±ÀÓ¬ ø√Ú1 ˆ¬±·ÀÓ¬ ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 ’ª¶ö±Ú ‰¬±˝◊√√ ø¸˝“√√Ó¬1 ¤˝◊√√ õ∂fl¡ä1 ’ÒœÚÓ¬ ¤øÓ¬˚˛±Õ˘Àfl¡ ’±Sê±ôL ¸y±ª… ·ôL¬ı…¶ö˘œ ¸•ÛÀfl«¡ ¤È¬± ’±ˆ¬±¸ ¬Û±¬ı ¬Û1± ˚±˚˛º ¤À˘fl¡±¸˜”˝√√1 øÚ¬ı±«ø‰¬Ó¬ Œ˘±fl¡fl¡ õ∂ø˙é¬Ì1 ¬ı…ª¶ö± fl¡1± ‰¬±‰«¬˘±˝◊√√È¬ – √œ‚«ø√Ú Òø1 ˜±Ú≈À˝√√ Ê≈√˝◊√√ ’±1n∏ È¬‰«¬˘±˝◊√√È¬ ∆˘ ∆˝√√ÀÂ√ ’±1n∏ ¤˝◊√√ õ∂ø˙∏é¬±Ôπ ¸fl¡À˘ ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 ¬ı…øMê√·Ó¬ ’±1n∏ ˝√√±Ó¬œ Œ‡ø√ ’˝√√± ’±1n∏ ¤˝◊√√ ¬ı…ª¶ö±1 õ∂øÓ¬ ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 ¸—À¬ı√Ú ¸±˜±øÊ√fl¡ ’±‰¬1Ì, ¸˝√√Ê√ ¬ÛXøÓ¬À1 ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 ø‰¬Ú±Mê√ fl¡1Ì, ˙œ˘Ó¬±1 õ∂øÓ¬ ˘é¬… 1±ø‡ ¤˝◊√√ õ∂fl¡ä1 ’ÒœÚÓ¬ ’±Sê±ôL ø¸˝“√√Ó¬1 ·øÓ¬ ¬ÛÔ1 ø¬ı‰¬1Ì ’±ø1√ ø¬ı¯∏À˚˛ ’Ò…˚˛Ú fl¡ø1 ’=˘Ó¬ ‰¬±‰«¬˘±˝◊√√È¬ Œ˚±·±Ú Ò1± ∆˝√√ÀÂ√ ’±1n∏ Ô±›fl¡ÀÓ¬ ŒÈ¬±fl¡± õ∂dÓ¬ fl¡À1 ˚±ÀÓ¬ ¬Û±‰¬Õ˘ ¤˝◊√√ Ó¬Ô…¸˜”˝√√1 øˆ¬øM√√Ó¬ Œ¬Û±ª± ¸±˜¢∂œ1 ¡Z±1± ¤ÀÚÒ1Ì1 ‰¬±‰«¬˘±˝◊√√È¬ ∆Ó¬˚˛±1 fl¡1±1 ¬ı…ª¶ö± ¢∂˝√√Ì fl¡ø1¬ı ¬Û1± ˚±˚˛º ˙¸…¬ÛÔ±1 ’±1n∏ ¬ı±1œ‚1 ›¬Û1ÀÓ¬± õ∂ø˙é¬Ì ’±·¬ıÀÏ¬ˇ±ª± ∆˝√√ÀÂ√º

28 ˝◊√√À˘fl¡ø¬∏Cfl¡ ŒÙ¬øk— – ˝◊√√À˘fl¡ø¬∏Cfl¡ ŒÙ¬øk— ˚ÀÔ©Ü Ù¬˘õ∂¸≈ ˜˝√√œq1 ˝√√ô¶œ-’ˆ¬˚˛±1Ì…1 ˜≈‡… ¬ıÚ¸—1é¬fl¡ ’±ø√ ¬ı…ª¶ö± ˝√√íÀ˘› ‡1Â√1 ¬ı±À¬ı˝◊√√ ˝◊√√˚˛±fl¡ ¸fl¡À˘± Í¬±˝◊√√ÀÓ¬ ¬ı…ª˝√√±1 Œfl¡˝◊√√Ê√Ú˜±Ú ¬ı‰¬± ¬ı‰¬± Œ˘±fl¡fl¡ ’ôLˆ”«¬Mê√ fl¡1± ∆˝√√ÀÂ√º ¤˝◊√√ fl¡ø1¬ı ŒÚ±ª±ø1º ’¸˜ ˝√√±Ó¬œ õ∂fl¡ä1 ’ÒœÚÓ¬ ≈√˝◊√√-¤Í¬±˝◊√√Ó¬ È¬±¶®Ù¬À‰«¬ ’Ú…±Ú… ø√˙1 ˘·ÀÓ¬ ¶ö±Úœ˚˛ Ê√Ú¸±Ò±1Ì, ˝√√ô¶œ1 fl¡˜ ”√1Q1 Œ¸Ã1˙øMê√ ‰¬±ø˘Ó¬ ˝◊√√À˘fl¡ø¬∏Cfl¡ ŒÙ¬øk— ¬ı…ª˝√√±1 ’±‰¬1Ì ¸•Ûfl«¡œ˚˛ ’±ôL–1±©Ü™œ˚˛ ø¬ı˙±1√ Ó¬Ô± ’Ú…±Ú… fl¡1± ∆˝√√ÀÂ√º ¸fl¡˘1 ˘·Ó¬ ’±À˘±‰¬Ú± fl¡ø1 ¸˜¸…±-¸‘ø©Üfl¡1± ˝√√±Ó¬œ¸˜”˝√√ Ê√˘fl¡œ˚˛± – ˝√√±Ó¬œ Œ‡ø√¬ıÕ˘ Ê√˘fl¡œ˚˛± ¤È¬± ˆ¬±˘ ˜±Ò…˜º ¶ö±Ú±ôL1œÓ¬ fl¡ø1¬ı ¬Û1± ¸•Ûfl«¡Ó¬ ø¬ı‰¬±1 ø¬ıÀ¬ı‰¬Ú± fl¡ø1¬ıº ‚∞I◊± ¸—˘¢ü fl¡1± 1‰¬œÓ¬ ¢∂œÊ√ ’±1n∏ Ê√˘fl¡œ˚˛± &ø1 ˘·±˝◊√√ fl¡Ì«±È¬fl¡1 ¬ıÚ ø¬ıˆ¬±À· ˝√√ô¶œ ¸La±¸ ¬ıg fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘ ¤‡Ú ÔíÀ˘ ’±1n∏ ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 Â√±˘Ó¬ ¤¬ı±1 ˘±ø·À˘ ø¸˝“√√ÀÓ¬ Œ¸˝◊√√ 18 √Ù¬œ˚˛± ’±“‰¬øÚ õ∂dÓ¬ fl¡ø1 Î¬◊ø˘˚˛±ÀÂ√º ¤˝◊√√ 18 √Ù¬œ˚˛± ¬ÛÔ ¬Ûø1Ó¬…±· fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘ ˚P fl¡À1º Œ¬Û±1± Ê√˘fl¡œ˚˛±1 ’±“‰¬øÚÓ¬ ˙˘…ø‰¬øfl¡»¸±1 ¡Z±1± ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 Ê√ij øÚ˚˛LaÌ1 ¬ı…ª¶ö± Œ·±Àg› ˝√√±Ó¬œfl¡ ”√1Õ˘ Œ‡ø√ ¬ÛøÍ¬˚˛±˚˛º ’¸˜ ˝√√±Ó¬œ õ∂fl¡ä1 fl¡1±1 fl¡Ô±› ¸øißø¬ı©Ü¬ ∆˝√√ÀÂ√º õ∂fl‘¡Ó¬ÀÓ¬ ˝√√±ø¬ıÓ¬ Ú±˝◊√√fl¡œ˚˛± ∆˝√√ Ê√ø1˚˛ÀÓ¬ ’±Sê±ôL ¤À˘fl¡± ¸˜”˝√√Ó¬ Ê√˘fl¡œ˚˛± Œ‡øÓ¬1 ¬Ûø1ÀÂ√ ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 ‡±√… ’±1n∏ ¤˝◊√√ ø√˙1 õ∂øÓ¬ ‘√ø©Ü 1±ø‡ ¬ıÚø¬ıˆ¬±À· ›¬Û1Ó¬ ø¬ıÀ˙¯∏ &1n∏Q ø√ fl¡±˚«¸”‰¬œ Œ˘±ª± ∆˝√√ÀÂ√, ø˚À˝√√Ó≈¬ fl¡Í¬±˘, ’±˜, ¬ı·1œ Ê√±Ó¬œ˚˛ Î¬◊øæ√,√ ¬ı“±˝√√, fl≈“¡ø˝√√˚˛±1, ¬˝√√±Ó¬œ1 ˝√√±Ó¬œ øÚ¬ı±1ÌÓ¬ ¸√±˚˛ Œ˝√√±ª±1 ˘·ÀÓ¬ Ê√˘fl¡œ˚˛±1 ¬ıÊ√±1 ¬ı±À¬ı Î¬◊¬Û±À√˚˛ ıÚ… Î¬◊øæ√√, fl¡Ì«Ê√±Ó¬œ˚˛ ˙¸…, ˝√√ô¶œ ‚“±˝√√ ˜”˘…› ˚ÀÔ©Ü Î¬◊2‰¬º [Elephant Grass] ’±ø√ ¬ı…±¬Ûfl¡ ˝√√±1Ó¬ fl¡¯∏«Ì, ¬ı‘øX ’±1n∏ ¤˝◊√√ Œ·±ÀÈ¬˝◊√√À¬ı±1 ø√˙ ¸±˜ø1, ¤˝◊√√ õ∂fl¡ä˝◊√√ Living ¸—1é¬Ì1 õ∂ô¶±ª ¢∂˝√√Ì fl¡ø1ÀÂ√º ˝◊√√˚˛±1 ˘·ÀÓ¬ ’ªÀ˙… Œ¸Ã1 with Elephants in Assam ˙œ¯∏«fl¡ ¤‡Ú ¬ı…ª˝√√±ø1fl¡ ŒÙ¬øk—, ˝√√ô¶œ-·˜ÚÓ¬ ¬ı±Ò± ø√¬ı ¬Û1± ‡±˘ øÚ˜«±Ì, Œfl¡fl¡È¬±‰¬ ˝√√±Ó¬¬Û≈øÔ› õ∂fl¡±˙ fl¡ø1ÀÂ√º Ê√±Ó¬œ˚˛ ·Â√ Œ1±¬ÛÌ1 ¡Z±1± ˝√√±Ó¬œ1 ˜≈fl¡ø˘ ‰¬˘Ú Ù≈¬1ÌÓ¬ ¬ı±Ò± ˝√√ô¶œ ¸La±¸ õ∂øÓ¬À1±Ò1 ¬ı±À¬ı ëÈ¬±¶® Ù¬‰«¬í – ’±À1±¬Û, ˝√√±ø¬ı1 ˜±Ê√Ó¬ Ôfl¡± Ê√˘±˙˚˛ ¸—1é¬Ì ’±1n∏ ¬ı˝√√˘ Œfl¡fœ˚˛ ¬Ûø1À¬ı˙ ’±1n∏ ¬ıÚ ˜LaÌ±˘À˚˛ fl¡Ì«±È¬fl¡1 fl¡1Ì, ¤ÀÚ õ∂±fl‘¡øÓ¬fl¡ Ê√˘±˙˚˛ Œ¬ı±1Ó¬ ¬Û˘¸ Ê√˜± Œ˝√√±ª± ˝√√±‰¬±Ú Œfl¡±√±À·¡± ¤À˘fl¡±Ó¬ Œ˝√√±ª± ¬ıÚ… ˝√√ô¶œ1 ¸La±¸ ¬ıg fl¡1±1 ¬ı…ª¶ö± fl¡1±Àfl¡ ’±ø√ fl¡ø1 ¬ıUÀ¬ı±1 fl¡±˚«¸”‰¬œ ¤˝◊√√ Œ˜±fl¡±ø¬ı˘± fl¡ø1¬ı1 ¬ı±À¬ı ¤‡Ú ëÈ¬±¶® Ù¬‰«¬í ·Í¬Ú fl¡ø1ÀÂ√º ’±“‰¬øÚ1 øˆ¬Ó¬1Ó¬ ’ôLˆ≈«¬Mê√ fl¡ø1ÀÂ√º ’¸˜1 ¬ıÚ…˝√√ô¶œ1 ¸˜¸…± ¤˝◊√√ È¬±¶® Ù¬‰«¬1 ’±Í¬Ê√Úœ˚˛± ¸ø˜øÓ¬‡ÚÓ¬ õ∂ÀÊ√" ¤ø˘ÀÙ¬∞I◊1 ¸˜±Ò±ÚÓ¬ ‰¬1fl¡±1 ’±1n∏ ¬ıÚ ø¬ıˆ¬±À· fl¡Ì«±È¬fl¡ ‰¬1fl¡±11 ’±ø˝«√√ ¸√¸… ’Ê√˚˛ Œ√˙±˝◊√√, ˝√√ô¶œ Ê√œªø¬ı√ ¤Ú.Àfl¡. ˜Ò≈¸≈√Ú, ¢∂˝√√Ì fl¡ø1¬ı ¬Û±À1º

Î¬0 õ∂¬ıœÌ fl≈¡˜±1 ŒÚ›· ˜Ò… Œ˚±1˝√√±È¬ Î¬◊iß˚˛Ú ‡G, fl¡±fl¡Ê√±Ú1 ¬Ûq¬Û±˘Ú ¸•x¸±1Ì ø¬ı¯∏˚˛±º øÚ˚˛˜œ˚˛± ¬ı±Ó«¬±, ’˜±1 ’¸˜, ¬ÛÀ˚˛±Î¬1± ’±1n∏ ø˙q ’±À˘±‰¬Úœ ë¸“Ù≈¬1±íÓ¬ Œ˘‡±-Œ˜˘± fl¡À1º Œ˚±1˝√√±È¬1 õ∂fl‘¡øÓ¬ ¸—1é¬Ì ˜= ëŒfl¡ÀÓ¬fl¡œí1 Î¬◊¬ÛÀ√©Ü± ¬Ûø1À¬ı˙ fl¡˜«œº Œ˘‡fl¡1 ŒÙ¬±Ú Ú— – 9435094212

29 ¬ı±Ú¬Û±Úœ1 ¸˜˚˛Ó¬ ﬂ¡±øÊ√1„√√±1 ¬ÛÔÓ¬ ˝◊√√øµ1± ·Õ· ¬ı≈Ï¬ˇ±À·±˝√√“±˝◊√√

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31 ’±øÊ√fl¡±ø˘ ’ªÀ˙… ˜±Ú≈˝√√ø¬ı˘±Àfl¡ ’±·1√À1 Ù¬±À˘ Ò±ø¬ıÓ¬ ˝√√í˘º øÚÊ√1 øÚÊ√1 ¬ı˝√√± Í¬±˝◊√√1 ¬Û1± ’±˙± fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘ ¤ø1ÀÂ√º ¬ıÚ…õ∂±Ìœ1 ˜≈Mê√ ø¬ı‰¬1Ì1 Î¬◊øÍ¬ ¬ı±ø˝√√1Ó¬ øfl¡ ‚øÈ¬ÀÂ√ Ê√±øÚ¬ıÕ˘ ‡√˜√˜ ˘·±À˘º Í¬±˝◊√√¸˜”˝√√ Œ¬ı√‡˘fl¡±1œÀ˚˛ ‚1 ≈√ª±1 ¸±øÊ√ øÚ·±øÊ√Õfl¡ ¬ıUÀfl¡˝◊√√Ê√Ú ˚±Sœ ¬ı±Â√1 ¬Û1± Ú±ø˜ ·í˘º Ú±ø˜ Ô±øfl¡¬ıÕ˘ ∆˘ÀÂ√º øfl¡¬ı± ’:±Ó¬ fl¡±1ÌÓ¬ ŒÚ±À˚±ª±¸fl¡À˘› ø‡ø1øfl¡À˚˛ø√ ˜≈‡ Î¬◊ø˘˚˛±˝◊√√ ‘√˙…ÀÈ¬± Œ¸˝◊√√ø¬ı˘±Àfl¡ øÚø¯∏X Í¬±˝◊√√¸˜”˝√√Ó¬ ‚1 ¬ı±øg Ô±øfl¡¬ıÕ˘ õ∂Ó¬…é¬ fl¡ø1À˘º ¸fl¡À˘±Àª ˝◊√√¸ƒ ˝◊√√¸ƒ ’±¸ƒ ’±¸ƒ√ fl¡ø1 ¸≈À˚±· ¬Û±˝◊√√ÀÂ√, ø¸˝√√“Ó¬fl¡ Î¬◊À26√√ fl¡À1“±Ó¬±› Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ˜Ú1 ’øˆ¬¬ı…øMê√ õ∂fl¡±˙ fl¡ø1À˘º Ú±˝◊√√º ¬ıÚ1œ˚˛± Ê√œªÊ√c1 ø¬ı‰¬1Ìˆ”¬ø˜fl¡ Œ¬Û±˝√√Ìœ˚˛± ˝◊√√øÓ¬˜ÀÒ… ¬Û±Â√Ó¬ ’˝√√± ≈√˝◊√√ ¤‡Ú ·±Î¬ˇœ ·øÓ¬ Ê√œªÊ√c øÚø‰¬ôL˜ÀÚ ‰¬ø1 Ù≈¬À1º ¬ı±ÀÈ¬ø√√ ¬Û±1 ∆˝√√ fl¡˜±˝◊√√ ˘±À˝√√ ˘±À˝√√ ¬Û±1 ∆˝√√ ∆·ÀÂ√, ≈√˝◊√√ ¤Àfl¡ ˝◊√√ø?Ú Œ˚±ª± ˚±Sœ¸fl¡À˘ ¤ø˙„√√œ˚˛± ·“Î¬ˇ1 Í¬±˝◊√√Ó¬ ‚1‰¬œ˚˛± ¬ıg Úfl¡1±Õfl¡ øfl¡Â≈√¸˜˚˛ ∆1ÀÂ√º ø¬ı¬Û1œÓ¬ ø√˙1 ¬Û1± ·1n∏ ˜í˝√√ Œfl¡˝◊√√È¬±Àfl¡ ‰¬±˝◊√√ Ó‘¬ø5 ˘±ˆ¬ fl¡À1º ’˝√√± ·±Î¬ˇœ¸˜≈˝√√À1± ¤Àfl¡˝◊√√ ’ª¶ö±º Œ¸˝◊√√ø√Ú± ’ªÀ˙… fl¡Ô±À¬ı±1 ’±·Ó¬Õfl¡ øfl¡Â≈√ ‚È¬Ú±ÀÈ¬± ›‰¬11 ¬Û1± õ∂Ó¬…é¬ fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘ Œ¬ıÀ˘· ’±øÂ√˘º ¬ı±ø1¯∏±1 õ∂¬ı˘ ¬ı1¯∏≈ÌÓ¬ ¬Û±1 Î¬◊¬Ûø‰¬ øfl¡Â≈√À˘±fl¡ ’±·¬ı±øÏ¬ˇ ∆·ÀÂ√º ‚È¬Ú± ¸—‚øÈ¬Ó¬ fl¡1± ¬ı±·ø1 ’˝√√± ˘≈˝◊√√Ó¬1 ¬Û±ÚœÀ˚˛ Œ·±ÀÈ¬˝◊√√ Î¬◊√…±Ú‡Ú ¬ı≈1±˝◊√√ ·±Î¬ˇœ‡Ú1 ‰¬±˘fl¡¸˝√√ ’±À1±˝√√œÀfl¡˝◊√√Ê√ÀÚ± Ú±ø˜ ∆· Œ¬Û˘±˝◊√√ÀÂ√º ›‡ Í¬±˝◊√√1 ¸g±ÚÓ¬ Ó¬±1 Ê√cÀ¬ı±À1 ›‰¬1 ¬Û±˝◊√√ÀÂ√º ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡1 ¬ı±ø˝√√À1› ‚È¬Ú±ÀÈ¬±1 ¸“±Ó≈¬ø1-Ú±≈√ø1 ‚”ø1 Ù≈¬ø1ÀÂ√º ’±|˚˛ ø¬ı‰¬±ø1 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ õ∂Ó¬…é¬√˙«œ ’±øÂ√˘ ’±˜±1 ¬ı±Â√‡Ú1 ‰¬±˘fl¡- ‚±˝◊√√¬ÛÔÕ˘À˚˛± ›˘±˝◊√√ ’±ø˝√√ÀÂ√º ‡±√…1 ¸g±ÚÓ¬ ¬Ûø1‰¬±˘fl¡¸˝√√ Œfl¡ø¬ıÚÓ¬ ¬ı˝√√± ˚±Sœ¸fl¡˘º ‰≈¬¬ı≈1œ˚˛± ·±›“À¬ı±11 é¬øÓ¬ ¸±ÒÚ fl¡ø1ÀÂ√, Œ‡øÓ¬ ¬ÛÔ±1 ‚È¬Ú±ÀÈ¬± ’±‰¬˘ÀÓ¬ ≈√‚«È¬Ú± ¬ı≈ø˘À˚˛˝◊√√ fl¡í¬ı Ú©Ü fl¡ø1ÀÂ√º ˝√√±Ó¬œ ˜±Ú≈˝√√1 ¸—‚±ÀÓ¬ ¬Ûø1ø¶öøÓ¬ ø¬ı¯∏˜ ¬˘±ø·¬ıº õ≠±ø¬ıÓ¬ ’ˆ¬˚˛±1Ì…‡Ú1 ’±Ú Ê√c1 √À1 fl¡ø1 Ó≈¬ø˘ÀÂ√º ¬ÛU1 Ê√±fl¡ ¤È¬±› øÚ1±¬Û√ ’±|˚˛¶ö˘ ø¬ı‰¬±ø1 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ ’±1n∏ Ó¬±Ó¬ Œ¬ı√‡˘fl¡±1œÀ˚˛ ¬Û±øÓ¬ Œ˘±ª± ‚±˝◊√√¬ÛÔÓ¬ Î¬◊øÍ¬øÂ√˘º ˝√√Í¬±» ¤È¬± ¬ÛU ø¬ı¬Û1œÓ¬ ø√˙1 ‚1À¬ı±11 Â√±À˘ ¬Û±Úœ fl¡±øÈ¬ÀÂ√º ˜±Ú≈˝√√À¬ı±1 øÚ1±¬Û√ ¬Û1± ’˝√√± ·±Î¬ˇœ ¤‡Ú1 ’±À·ø√ ’fl¡¶ú±» Œ√Ãø1 Í¬±˝◊√√Õ˘ ’±“Ó¬ø1 ∆·ÀÂº Œ¬Û±˝√√Úœ˚˛± Ê√cÀ¬ı±À1 ¬ÛÔ1 ¬Û±1 ˝√√í¬ı Œ‡±ÀÊ√±ÀÓ¬ ‰¬±˘Àfl¡ ·øÓ¬ Œ1±Ò fl¡ø1¬ı ›¬Û1Ó¬ ’±|˚˛ ∆˘ÀÂ√º ŒÚ±ª±ø1 ‡≈µ± ˜±ø1 ø√À˘º ¬ÛUÀÈ¬± ¬ÛÔ1 fl¡±¯∏Õ˘ ŒÓ¬ÀÚ ≈√À˚«±·1 ˜±Ê√ÀÓ¬± Œ‰¬±1±— ø‰¬fl¡±1œÀ˚˛ Î¬◊Ù¬ø1 ¬Ûø1 ·í˘ ’±1n∏ ·±Î¬ˇœ‡Ú ŒÊ√±1Õfl¡ Œ¬ıËfl¡ ˜±ø1 ·“Î¬ˇ ˝√√Ó¬…± fl¡ø1 ‡Î¬ˇ· fl¡±øÈ¬ øÚÀÂ√º øÚ˜±ø‡Ó¬ ¬ÛU ¬ıÒ øfl¡Â√≈”√1 ‰≈¬‰¬ø1 ∆1 ·í˘º ˚LaÌ±Ó¬ ‰¬È¬øÙ¬È¬±˝◊√√ Ôfl¡± fl¡ø1 Ó¬±1 ˜„√√˝√√ ø¬ıSêœ fl¡ø1ÀÂ√, Œˆ¬±Ê√ˆ¬±Ó¬ ‡±˝◊√√ÀÂ√º ¬ÛUÀÈ¬± Œ√ø‡ Î¬◊¬Ûø¶öÓ¬ ˜±Ú≈˝√√ø‡øÚÀ1± ’ôLÀ1 ˝√√±˝√√±fl¡±1 ˜±Ú≈˝√√1 Œˆ¬±·ø˘o±˝◊√√ ˜±Ú¬ıœ˚˛ &Ì1±ø˙fl¡ fl¡ø1 Î¬◊øÍ¬˘º øÚ–À˙¯∏ fl¡ø1 √±Ú¬ı1 ˙±1œÕ˘ ’ªÚø˜Ó¬ fl¡ø1ÀÂ√º Ó¬±1 ˜±Ê√ÀÓ¬± ≈√˝◊√√ ¤fl¡1 ˜ÀÚ±ˆ¬±¬ı ’Ú…Ò1Ì1 ¤˝◊√√À¬ı±1 ø‰¬ôL±Ó¬ øÚ˜¢ü ∆˝√√ Ô±Àfl¡±ÀÓ¬˝◊√√ ’±øÂ√˘º›‰¬À1 ¬Û±Ê√À1 ‚”ø1 Ù≈¬1± ¬ı±Ú¬ÛœøÎ¬ˇÓ¬ ≈√˝◊√√ ¬Û≈Ú1¬ı±1 ¤È¬± ŒÊ√±fl¡±1øÌ ˜±ø1 ·±Î¬ˇœ‡Ú ∆1 ·í˘º ¤Ê√Ú ˜±Ú≈À˝√√± Ó¬±Ó¬ Œ·±È¬ ‡±˝◊√√øÂ√˘º ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡1 ¸“‰¬øfl¡Ó¬ ˚±Sœ ¸fl¡˘1 ’Ú≈¸øg»¸≈ ‘√ø©Ü ¸ij≈‡1 ‰¬fl≈¡ÀÓ¬± Œ˚Ú õ∂fl¡±˙ ¬Û±˝◊√√øÂ√˘ ’Ú… ˆ¬±¯∏±º fl¡±1Ì

32 Œ¸˝◊√√¸fl¡˘1 Ù¬±˘1 ¬Û1± Î¬◊Ù¬ø1 ’˝√√± ≈√˝◊√√ ¤È¬± ˙s˝◊√√ ˝√√Í¬±» ¤‡Ú ·±Î¬ˇœ ’±ø˝√√ Í¬±˝◊√√ø‡øÚÓ¬ 1í˘ø˝√√ Œ˜±1 fl¡Ì«fl≈¡˝√√1Ó¬ Œ˝√√Àµ±˘øÚ Ó≈¬ø˘øÂ√˘ñ ’±1n∏ Ó¬±1¬Û1± ’±À1±˝√√œÀfl¡˝◊√√Ê√Ú Ú±ø˜ ’±ø˝√√ ëñ fl¡íÓ¬ ¬ı±ø‰¬¬ı ¤˝◊√√ÀÈ¬±º ˜À1 ˚ø√ ...í ‡1Ò1Õfl¡ ¬ÛUÀÈ¬±fl¡ ’±&ø1 Òø1À˘º ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡1 ëñ ‰¬±˝◊√√ Ô±fl¡À‰¬±Úº Œ¬ıøÂ√ ¸˜˚˛ Ú±Ô±Àfl¡ ø¸ºí ˝√√±Ó¬Ó¬ ø‰¬øfl¡»¸± ¸•Ûfl«¡œ˚˛ ¸±-¸“Ê≈√ø˘ ’±øÂ√˘ ’±1n∏ ˚LaÌ±Ó¬ ‰¬È¬Ù¬È¬±˝◊√√ Ôfl¡± ¬ÛUÀÈ¬±1 ¸Ê√˘ Œ¸˝◊√√ø¬ı˘±fl¡ Î¬◊ø˘˚˛±˝◊√√ ∆˘ Ó¬±1 õ∂±Ôø˜fl¡ ø‰¬øfl¡»¸± ≈√‰¬fl≈¡Õ˘ ‰¬±˝◊√√ ˜˝◊√√ ø˙˚˛ø1 Î¬◊øÍ¬øÂ√À˘±º Œ˜±1 ˜ÚÓ¬ ’±1y fl¡ø1À˘º ¬ı≈Ê√ ∆˘ Ê√±øÚ¬ı ¬Û±ø1À˘± ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡ ¬Ûø1øÂ√˘ ¤¯∏±ø1 ¬ı±fl¡…Õ˘ñ ¬ıÚ…õ∂±Ìœ ¸—1é¬Ì1 ˘·Ó¬ Ê√øÎ¬ˇÓ¬ ¤È¬± Œ¶§26√±À¸ªœ 'An animal's eyes have the ¸—·Í¬Ú1 ¸√¸…º power to speak a great language.' Œ˜±1 ˜ÚÀÈ¬± ˝√√Í¬±ÀÓ¬ ¬Û±Ó¬˘ ¬Û±Ó¬˘ ˘±ø·˘º ø¸ Œ˚Ú fl¡±Ó¬1 ≈√‰¬fl≈¡À1 ¬ıU fl¡Ô±˝◊√√ fl¡í¬ı ¤øÈ¬ ¶§øô¶1 øÚù´±¸ Œ¬Û˘±˝◊√√ ˜˝◊√√ Œ˜±1 ·±ÀÈ¬± ’±¸ÚÓ¬ ø¬ı‰¬±ø1øÂ√˘º ¤ø1 ø√À˘±º

¿˜Ó¬œ ˝◊√√øµ1± ·Õ· ¬ı≈Ï¬ˇ±À·±˝√√“±˝◊√√ ¤·¬1±ﬂ¡œ ¸≈¸±ø˝√√Ó¬…ﬂ¡º ˜í¬ı±˝◊√√˘ Ú•§1 – 94355-44769

33 ˜±‰¬±˝◊√√ ˜±1± ¤øÈ¬ ‰¬˜≈ w˜Ì fl¡±ø˝√√Úœ 1±‡œ √M√√ ˙˝◊√√fl¡œ˚˛± ¸‰¬1±‰¬1 ’±ø˜ øÎ¬‰¬fl¡ˆ¬±1œ Œ‰¬ÀÚ˘À¬ı±1Ó¬ Œ√ø‡¬ıÕ˘ fl¡ø1¬ı ¬Û±ø1À˘ Ê√œªÚÀÈ¬± ÒÚ… Œ˝√√±ª± Œ˚Ú ˘±À·º ¬Û±›“ Úœ˘ ·±˝◊√√ (Wildebeets) ŒÊ√¬ıË± (Zebra) 1 ˘±øÚ ˜±Ê√øÚ˙± Œ˚øÓ¬˚˛± ’±˜±1 ø¬ı˜±Ú‡ÀÚ qfl≈¡˘± Œ˜‚1 øÚøÂ√„√√± Œ¸“±Ó¬º ¬Û‘øÔ¬ıœ1 ¤fl¡˜±S ¤˝◊√√ ø¬ı1˘ ‘√˙… Œ√ø‡¬ıÕ˘ ˜±ÀÊ√ ˜±ÀÊ√ ‚∞I◊±1 Œ¬ıÀ·À1 ∆· ’±ÀÂ√, Œ˜˘± ‰¬fl≈¡À1 Œ¬Û±ª± ˚±˚˛ ’±øÙË¬fl¡± ˜˝√√±À√˙1 È¬±ÚÊ√±øÚ˚˛±1 Œ‰¬À1ÚÀeøÈ¬ Œ˚Ú ¸À¬Û±Ú Œ√ø‡ ’±ÀÂ√± Ò”ø˘À1 Ò”¸ø1Ó¬ fl¡ø1 ˝√√±Ê√±1 (Serengeti National Park) ŒÚ‰¬ÀÚ˘ ¬Û±fl«¡1 ¬Û1± ˝√√±Ê√±1 Ê√cÀª Œ‰¬fl≈¡ø1 ’±ÀÂ√, Œfl¡øÓ¬˚˛± ∆·À˚ Œ˜±1 Œfl¡øÚ˚˛±1 ˜±‰¬±˝◊√√ ˜±1± (Masai Mara) ŒÚ‰¬ÀÚ˘ ø¬ı˜±Ú‡ÀÚ Œfl¡øÚ˚˛±1 ˆ¬”ø˜ ¶Û˙« fl¡ø1¬ıñ ø‡ø1øfl¡À1 ø¬ıÊ√±Î«¬Õ˘ Úœ˘·±˝◊√√, ŒÊ√¬ıË¬±1 ¬Ûø1w˜Ìº ¤g±1 Â√øÈ¬˚˛±˝◊√√ÀÂ√, ¬ı±ø˝√√1Õ˘ ‰¬±À˘ ¤Àfl¡± ˜øÚ¬ı ŒÚ±ª±ø1, ø‰¬È¬1 ¸ij≈‡Ó¬ ˘±ø· Ôfl¡± fl¡Ì˜±øÚ øÈ¬øˆ¬ÀÈ¬±Ó¬ ø¬ı˜±Ú1 ’±fl¡±˙œ ¬ÛÔ1 ˜±Úø‰¬SÓ¬ Œ√ø‡¬ıÕ˘ ¬Û±˝◊√√ÀÂ√±, ’±˜±1 ø¬ı˜±ÀÚ Œfl¡±ÚÀÈ¬± ’±fl¡±˙œ ¬ÛÀÔÀ1 ’±˜±fl¡ fl¡øÏ¬ˇ˚˛±˝◊√√ øÚÀÂ√, ’±1¬ı ¸±·1 ’øÓ¬Sê˜ fl¡ø1 ˆ¬±1Ó¬ ˜˝√√±¸±·11 ø¬ı˙±˘ Ê√˘1±ø˙1 ˜±ÀÊ√À1 ø¬ı˜±Ú Ò±øªÓ¬ ∆˝√√ÀÂ√º ’ª˙ ‰¬fl≈¡ ≈√È¬± ˜≈ø√ ø√À˘± ø¬ı˜±Ú1 ø‰¬È¬Ó¬, ˜Ú1 ’±Úµ ˝√√˚˛ÀÈ¬± ·ˆ¬œ1 ∆˝√√ ’±ø˝√√˘ ŒÈ¬±¬ÛøÚ, ¸À¬Û±Ú1 √ø˘‰¬± Î¬◊¬Ûø„√√ ∆· ’±øÙË¬fl¡± ˜˝√√±À√˙1 Œfl¡øÚ˚˛±Ó¬ ¸¬ı«±øÒfl¡ Ê√c Ô±øfl¡À˘±º ø¬ı˜±ÀÚ Œ˚øÓ¬˚˛± Œfl¡øÚ˚˛±1 ˆ¬”ø˜Ó¬ ’ªÓ¬1Ì Œ√ø‡¬ıÕ˘ Œ¬Û±ª± ˚±˚˛, ˚±1 ¬ı±À¬ı Œfl¡øÚ˚˛± √˙«Ú1 fl¡ø1À˘ ’±˜±1 ‚Î¬ˇœÓ¬ ¶ö±Úœ˚˛ ¸˜˚˛ ŒÓ¬øÓ¬˚˛± ¬Û≈ª± ˝√√±ø1˚˛±¸ ¤È¬± ¬ıUø√Ú1 ¬Û1± ¬Û≈ø˝√√ 1±ø‡øÂ√À˘±º 2010 4.30¬ı±øÊ√øÂ√˘º È¬qÚ≈ ˆ¬±¬ıÀÈ¬± ‰¬fl≈¡Ó¬ ˘±ø· ’±øÂ√˘ ‰¬Ú1 ’±·©Ü ˜±˝√√1 11 Ó¬±ø1À‡ ˜≈•§±˝◊√√ ø¬ı˜±Ú ¬ıµ11 ˚ø√› ˜Ú1 ’±ÚµÓ¬ ¸fl¡À˘± ˆ¬±·1 ŒÊ√±fl¡±ø1 Œ¬Û˘±˝◊√√ [Â√S¬ÛøÓ¬ ø˙ª±Ê√œ ø¬ı˜±Ú ¬ıµ1] ¬Û1± Œfl¡øÚ˚˛±1 ø¬ı˜±Ú1 ¬Û1± Ú±ø˜ ’±ø˝√√À˘±º ¬‰¬±À1 ¬Û“±‰¬ ‚∞I◊±1 ¤˝◊√√ 1±Ê√Ò±Úœ Ú±˝◊√√À1±ø¬ıÕ˘ Î¬◊1± ˜±ø1À˘±º ø¬ıÀ˙¯∏Õfl¡ ˜±‰¬±˝◊√√ ˚±S±Ó¬ fl¡fl¡±˘, ˆ¬ø11 ø¬ı¯∏ ¤È¬±˝◊√√ ’±˜øÚ ø√ ’±øÂ√˘, ˜±1±˝◊√√ Œ˚Ú ø1ø„√√˚˛±˝◊√√ ˜±øÓ¬ ’±øÂ√˘º Ê√œª-Ê√cfl¡ ˝◊√√ø˜À¢∂‰¬Ú1 ¬ı±À¬ı ’Ú… ˚±Sœ1 ˘·ÀÓ¬ ˙±1œ ¬Û±øÓ¬À˘±, Ê√—‚˘Ó¬ Œ‰¬±ª±1 Î¬◊ij±√Ú±˝◊√√ Œ¬ıÀ˘·º Ó¬±ÀÓ¬ ¬Û‘øÔªœ‡Ú Œ˜±1 ¶§±˜œ ’±1n∏ ¸1n∏ ¸ôL±Ú ë1±ø˝√√íº [’±øÙË¬fl¡±1 ˝◊√√˜±Ú ø¬ıø‰¬SÀ1 ˆ¬1¬Û”1, ’±˜±1 ¤˝◊√√ Ê√œªÚ fl¡±˘Ó¬ øfl¡Â≈√˜±Ú Œ√˙Õ˘ ’±ø˝√√À˘ Yellow vaccine Œ˘±ª±ÀÈ¬± ’˘¬Û ˝√√íÀ˘› w˜Ì fl¡ø1 ¸±˜±Ú… ’øˆ¬:Ó¬± ’±˝√√1Ì ¬ı±Ò…Ó¬±˜”˘fl¡ Yellow vaccine ˘íÀ˘À˝√√ øˆ¬‰¬±

34 Œ¬Û±ª±ÀÈ¬± ¸˝√√Ê√] ’±ø˜ ø˜À¢∂‰¬Ú fl¡ø1 ’±˜±1 ø¬ı‰¬±ø1ÀÂ√±º Œ¬ı·À¬ı±1 ¸—¢∂˝√√ fl¡ø1 fl¡±©Ü˜‰ƒ¬ Œ·ÀÈ¬À1 ¸≈fl¡˘À˜ ¬Û±1 ë˜±‰¬±˝◊√√ ˜±1±í ŒÚ‰¬ÀÚ˘ ø¬ıÊ√±Î«¬ Œfl¡øÚ˚˛±1 ∆˝√√ ¤1±˝◊√√Àˆ¬˘ ˘?Õ˘ ›˘±˝◊√√ ’±ø˝√√À˘±º ·ˆ¬œ1 ¸¬ı±ÀÓ¬±Ó¬Õfl¡ ’±fl¡¯∏«Ìœ˚˛ ’±1n∏ ø¬ıù´ø¬ı‡…±Ó¬ ¸¬ı«±øÒfl¡ ’±¢∂˝√√À1 ø¬ıøˆ¬iß Œ˝√√±ÀÈ¬˘ Œ¬∏CÀˆ¬ø˘— ¤ÀÊ√øk1 Ê√œª-Ê√c, ‰¬1±˝◊√√-ø‰¬ø1fl¡øÓ¬ ø¬ı‰¬1Ì¶ö˘œ, ’±¬ı±¸ ˆ¬”ø˜ ø1Àõ∂ÀÊ√ÚÈ¬±øÈ¬ˆ¬ Œ¬ı±À1 ˚±Sœ1 Ú±˜1 Œõ≠fl¡±Î«¬ ∆˘ ∆1 ˜±‰¬±˝◊√√ ˜±1±1 ˜±øÈ¬ fl¡±ø˘ 1.510ı·« øfl¡À˘±ø˜È¬±1, ’±ÀÂ√º ’±ø˜› ’±˜±1 Ú±˜ ‰¬fl≈¡ Ù≈¬1±˝◊√√ ∆· ’±ÀÂ√±, ¬ıUÀfl¡˝◊√√‡Ú ¸1n∏ ¬ı1 ∆Ú ˜±‰¬±˝◊√√ ˜±1±1 ¬ı≈fl≈¡À˚˛ø√ ∆¬ı ∆·ÀÂ√, ¤Ê√Ú1 ˝√√±Ó¬Ó¬ Œ˚øÓ¬˚˛± ’±˜±1 Ú±˜ Œ√ø‡À˘±, ’±ø˜ ˜±˝◊√√˘ ˜±˝◊√√˘ Œ˚±1± ø¬ıô¶œÌ« Ó‘¬Ìˆ¬”ø˜, ›‡ ‰¬±¬Û1 ¤Ï¬˘œ˚˛± ’±·¬ı±øÏ¬ˇ ∆· ¬Ûø1‰¬˚˛ ø√À˘±, ŒÓ¬›“ ˝√√“±ø˝√√ ˜≈À‡À1 ’±˜±fl¡ ˆ¬”ø˜1 ˜±ÀÊ√ ˜±ÀÊ√ &{jÊ√±Ó¬œ˚˛ ·Â√-·Â√øÚ, ¬Û±Ó¬˘œ˚˛± ¸y±¯∏Ì Ê√Ú±À˘ ’±˜±1 õ∂øÓ¬Ê√ÚÀfl¡ fl¡1˜√Ú fl¡ø1 Ê√—‚À˘ ’±ªø1 Ôfl¡± ˜±‰¬±˝◊√√ ˜±1± õ∂fl‘¡øÓ¬1 ¤fl¡ ’øˆ¬iß ¬Ûø1‰¬˚˛ ø√À˘, 1fl¡È¬ ŒÓ¬›“1 Ú±˜ ‰¬±Ù¬±ø1 ŒÈ¬˝◊√√˘1 ∆˝√√ ¸‘ø©Üº õ∂±˚˛ 450 ø¬ıÒ ø¬ıøˆ¬iß õ∂Ê√±øÓ¬1 ‰¬1±˝◊√√ 90 ø¬ıÒ ŒÓ¬›“ õ∂øÓ¬øÚøÒ [ø˚À˝√√Ó≈¬ ’±ø˜ Cocks & king 1 õ∂Ê√±øÓ¬1 ô¶Ú…¬Û±˚˛œ õ∂±Ìœ1 ˜±‰¬±˝◊√√ ˜±1±1 ˜”˘ ’±fl¡¯∏«Ìº Ê√ø1˚˛ÀÓ¬ Œfl¡øÚ˚˛±Õ˘ ’±ø˝√√ÀÂ√± ’±1n∏ ŒÓ¬›“À˘±Àfl¡ ˜±Ú≈˝√√1 Œ˚ÀÚÕfl¡ ¤‡Ú Œ√˙1 ¬Û1± ’Ú… ¤‡Ú ¶ö±Úœ˚˛ ¤ÀÊ√øk ‰¬±Ù¬±ø1 ŒÈ¬˝◊√√˘1 ˘·Ó¬ ’±˜±1 Œfl¡øÚ˚˛±1 Œ√˙Õ˘ õ∂À¬ı˙ fl¡ø1À˘ øˆ¬‰¬±, ¬Û±‰¬¬ÛÈ«¬1 ’±ª˙…fl¡ ˝√√˚˛, w˜Ì1 Œ˚±·±À˚±· fl¡ø1 ø√ÀÂ√º] ø¬ı˜±Ú ¬ıµ11 øˆ¬Ó¬1ÀÓ¬ Ê√c1 Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ¬ı±Ò±-¬ı±Òfl¡Ó¬± Ú±˝◊√√, Ú±˝◊√√ Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ¸œ˜±, Ôfl¡± Money exchange Ó¬ ’˘¬Û ’±À˜ø1fl¡±Ú Î¬˘±1 Êc ¸√±˚˛ ¶§±ÒœÚº ¬Ûø(˜ Œfl¡øÚ˚˛± ’±1n∏ È¬±ÚÊ√±øÚ˚˛±1 ˆ¬„√√±˝◊√√ Œfl¡øÚ˚˛±1 ø‰¬ø˘— Î¬◊ø˘˚˛±˝◊√√ ˘íÀ˘±º 1¬ı±È¬1 ˘·Ó¬ ¸œ˜±ôLÓ¬ ˜±‰¬±˝◊√√ ˜±1±º ¬Û±ø1-¬Û±øù´fl¡ ¸˜±ÚÓ¬± 1é¬± ø¬ı˜±Ú ¬ıµ11 ¬ı±ø˝√√1Õ˘ ›˘±˝◊√√ ’±ø˝√√À˘±º ˙œÓ¬˘ ¬ıÓ¬±˝√√ fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘ ‡±√… ¸g±ÚÓ¬ õ∂øÓ¬ ¬ıÂ√À1 Ÿ¬Ó≈¬ Œˆ¬À√ ¤Â√±øÓ¬1 ˘·ÀÓ¬ ¬Û≈ª±1 ¸≈1n∏À˚ ’±˜±fl¡ Œfl¡øÚ˚˛±1 ˆ¬”ø˜Ó¬ È¬±ÚÊ√±øÚ˚˛±1 (Serengeti National Park) Œ‰¬À1À·øÈ¬ ¶§±·Ó¬˜ Ê√Ú±À˘º ’±˜±Õ˘ E±˝◊√√ˆ¬±1 ¤LöøÚÀ˚˛ ¬ı±ø˝√√1Ó¬ ŒÚ‰¬ÀÚ˘ ¬Û±fl«¡1 ¬Û1± ˜±‰¬±˝◊√√ ˜±1±Õ˘ õ∂øÓ¬ ¬ıÂ√À1 Ê≈√˘±˝◊√√ ’À¬Ûé¬± fl¡ø1 ’±øÂ√˘º 1¬ı«±ÀÈ¬ ’±˜±fl¡ ¤LöøÚ1 ˘·Ó¬ ’±·©Ü ˜±˝√√Ó¬ õ∂±˚˛ 4 ˘é¬ ˜±Ú (wildbeasts) Úœ˘ ¬Ûø1‰¬˚˛ fl¡1±˝◊√√ ø√À˘º õ∂±˚˛ Â√˚˛Ù≈¬È¬ ≈√˝◊√√ ˝◊√√ø= ˜±Ú ›‡ ·±˝◊√√, õ∂±˚˛ 2 ˘±‡ ŒÊ√¬ıË1±, ’±1n∏ (Gazelle) ˚ÀÔ©Ü øÚÀ¢∂±Ê√ÀÚ ’±˜±fl¡ ˝√√“±ø˝√√ ˜≈À‡ ¸y±¯∏Ì Ê√Ú±À˘º 1¬ı«±ÀÈ¬ ¸—‡…fl¡, ¢∂±øÊ√À˘ ˜±1± Ú√œ ’øÓ¬Sê˜ fl¡ø1, õ∂À¬ı˙ ’±˜±fl¡ Ê√Ú±À˘ ’±˜±1 ¤˝◊√√ ˚±S±Ó¬ ¤LöøÚÀ˚˛ ’±˜±1 fl¡À1º ¤øõ∂˘, Œ˜ ˜±˝√√Ó¬ Œ˚øÓ¬˚˛± ¬ı1¯∏≈Ì ’±À˝√√, ÚÓ≈¬Ú ¬Û√-¬õ∂√˙«fl¡ Ó¬Ô± ·±˝◊√√Î¬º 1¬ı«±ÀÈ¬ ’±˜±1 ¬Û1± ø¬ı√±˚˛ ‚±À˝√√ ·Ê√±ø˘ Œ˜À˘º ¤˝◊√√ ·Ê√±ø˘ ›À˘±ª± ‚“±˝√√ ‡±¬ıÕ˘ ˘íÀ˘ ’±1n∏ ’±ø˜ ’±fl¡±—øé¬Ó¬ ˚±S±1 ¬ı±À¬ı ¸±Ê≈√ wildbeast 1 ˜±‰¬±˝◊√√ ˜±1±Õ˘ ’±·˜Ú ‚ÀÈ¬º Ê√cÀª ˝√√íÀ˘±º ¸√±˚˛ õ∂±¬ı‘øM√√1 ˆ¬±1¸±˜… 1é¬± fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘ ¬Ûø1À¬ı˙1 ˘·Ó¬ ’±˜±1 ¤˝◊√√ ¬w˜ÌÓ¬ Œfl¡øÚ˚˛±1 øÓ¬øÚ‡Ú ‡±¬Û ‡≈ª±˝◊√√ ˘˚˛º ¤ÀÚÕfl¡ õ∂±˚˛ øÓ¬øÚ ˜±˝√√1 ’ôLÀ1 ’ôLÀ1 Î¬◊À~‡À˚±·… ŒÚ‰¬ÀÚ˘ ¬Û±fl«¡, ø1Ê√±ˆ¬« ¬¬Ûø1√˙«Ú ˜±‰¬±˝◊√√ ˜±1±1 ¬Û1± Œ‰¬À1À·øÈ¬ ∆˘ ’±1n∏ Œ‰¬À1—À·øÈ¬1 fl¡ø1À˘±º Aberdare National Park, Lake ¬Û1± ˜±‰¬±˝◊√√ ˜±1±Õ˘ ¬Ûø1Sê˜± fl¡À1º ˝◊√√ ¤fl¡ Ê√c1 Nakaru National Park ’±1n∏ Masai Mara Na- õ∂±fl‘¡øÓ¬fl¡ ¬Ûø1‚È¬Ú± ø˚ÀÈ¬± ø¬ıù´Ó¬ ø¬ı1˘, ˚±1 ¬ı±À¬ı tional Reserveº ¤˝◊√√ ˜±‰¬±˝◊√√ ˜±1± ŒÚ‰¬ÀÚ˘ ø¬ıÊ√±ˆ¬«1 2006 ‰¬ÚÓ¬ ë˜±‰¬±˝◊√√ ˜±1±fl¡í ø¬ıù´1 ¸5˜ ’±(˚« ¬ı≈ø˘ ›¬Û1Ó¬ Œ˜±1 ¤˝◊√√ w˜Ì1 ‰¬˜≈ ’øˆ¬:Ó¬± õ∂fl¡±˙ fl¡ø1¬ı Œ‚±¯∏Ì± fl¡1± ∆˝√√ÀÂ√º 35 ’±ø˜ ˜±‰¬±˝◊√√ ˜±1± ’±·©Ü ˜±˝√√Ó¬ ∆¬·øÂ√À˘±, ˚±1 ’±ø˜ ø1Ê«√Ó¬Ó¬ Œ¸±˜±À˚˛˝◊√√ ¤Ê√±fl¡ Œ¬ÛøÚfl¡±Ú ¬ı±À¬ı ¤˝◊√√ ø¬ı1˘ ‘√˙… ¶§-‰¬é≈¬À1 Œ‰¬±ª±1 Œ¸Ãˆ¬±·… Œ√ø‡¬ıÕ˘ ¬Û±À˘±, ’±˜±1 Landcewiser ·±Î¬ˇœ‡ÀÚ ˘øˆ¬øÂ√À˘±º ø¬ıÀ˙¯∏Õfl¡ ’±ø˜ Œ˚øÓ¬˚˛± Œ·‰¬ Œ¬ı˘≈ÚÓ¬ ˜±‰¬±˝◊√√ ˜±1±1 ‡˘±¬ı˜± 1±ô¶±˝◊√√ ø√ øÒ1 ·øÓ¬À1 Î¬◊øÍ¬ ˜±‰¬±˝◊√√ ˜±1± õ∂√øé¬Ì fl¡ø1øÂ√À˘±, ›¬Û11 ¬Û1± ¤ÀÚ ’±·¬ı±øÏ¬ˇÀÂ, ø˚À˝√√Ó≈¬ Ê≈√˘±˝◊√, ’±·©Ü ˜±˝√√ Œfl¡øÚ˚˛±1 ˘±ø·øÂ√˘ Œ˚Ú ˘±øÚ-øÚøÂ√„√√± ¬Û1n∏ª±1 ¸±ø1, ŒÊ√¬ıË± ’±1n∏ ˙œÓ¬fl¡±˘, ’ªÀ˙… ’±ø˜ ˜±‰¬±˝◊√√ ˜±1±Ó¬ ˙œÓ¬ ’Ú≈ˆ¬ª Úœ˘ ·±˝◊√√À¬ı±11 ¬Û±˘À¬ı±1 Œ˚øÓ¬˚˛± ˜±1± Ú√œ ∆˝√√ ’±À˝√√, fl¡1± Ú±˝◊√√, ¸≈µ1 ¬ıÓ¬1º 1±ô¶±1 ≈√À˚˛±fl¡±À¯∏ ŒÊ√¬ıË±, Úœ˘ Œˆ¬±fl¡±Ó≈¬1 ‚ø1˚˛±˘À¬ı±11 ø‰¬fl¡±1 ∆˝√√ ¬ÛÀ1º Ó¬Ô±ø¬Û› ·±˝◊√√, ˜±ÀÊ√ ˜±ÀÊ√ ¢∂±øÊ√˘±, ˝◊√√˜¬Û±˘± Œ¬ı±À1 ’±À¬Û±Ú ø¸˝√√“Ó¬1 ·øÓ¬ 1n∏X Ú˝√√˚˛, ø¸˝√√“Ó¬1 ¤˝◊√√ ˚±S±Ó¬ õ∂øÓ¬ÀÈ¬± ˜ÀÚ ‰¬ø1 Ôfl¡± Œ√ø‡À˘±º ¤È¬± ’Ú±ø¬ı˘ ¶£¬”øÓ¬À1 ˜ÚÀÈ¬± Ê≈√˜ÀÓ¬ ¤È¬±Õfl¡ ˜≈ø‡˚˛±˘ Ô±Àfl¡, ˜≈ø‡˚˛±˘À¬ı±À1 ˆ¬ø1 ¬Ûø1˘º øÍ¬fl¡ ’˘¬Û ˚±›“ÀÓ¬ ’±ø˜ ”√11 ¬Û1± Œ˚øÓ¬˚˛±Õ˘Àfl¡ Ô˜øfl¡ Ú1˚˛ ¬ı±fl¡œÀ¬ı±À1± ∆· Ô±Àfl¡º ‚“±˝√√øÚ1 ˜±ÀÊ√¡ ˜±ÀÊ√ øÓ¬øÚÈ¬± ø‰¬Ó¬± [cheetah] ¬ı±‚ ¤ÀÚÕfl¡ ˙ ˙ øfl¡À˘±ø˜È¬±1 Œ√Ãø1 Ôfl¡±1 Ù¬˘Ó¬ ≈√¬ı«˘, Œ√ø‡ Î¬◊»Ù≈¬ø~Ó¬ ∆˝√√ Î¬◊øÍ¬À˘±º Ê√œªÚÓ¬ õ∂Ô˜ Œ√ø‡À˘± øÚ˙fl¡È¬œ˚˛± ∆˝√√ ¬ıUÀÓ¬± Úœ˘·±˝◊√√, ŒÊ√¬ıË±˝◊√√ õ∂±Ì Ó¬…±· ø‰¬Ó¬±˝√√ ¬ı±‚, ø¬ıù´1 ^nÓ¬·±˜œ ø‰¬Ó¬± ¬ı±‚, ’±˝√√ øfl¡ ’¬Û1+¬Û fl¡À1º Ó¬±À1±¬Ûø1 Œ¸˝◊√√ ¸˜˚˛Ó¬ ø¸—˝√√ ’±1n∏ ¬ı±‚1 ’øÓ¬ ø‰¬Ó¬± ¬ı±‚1 Œ¸Ãµ˚« ë˜≈·± ¬ı1Ìœ˚˛± Â√±˘Ó¬ fl¡í˘± fl¡í˘± ¸˝√√Ê√ÀÓ¬ ø‰¬fl¡±1 ˝√√˚˛, ø‰¬fl¡±11 Œ¸˝◊√√ ‘√˙… Œ˚øÓ¬˚˛± Ù≈¬È¬À¬ı±À1 √œ‚«˘œ˚˛± ˙±1œÀÈ¬±1 1+À¬Û˝◊√√ Œ˜±˝√√Úœ˚˛º õ∂±˚˛ øÎ¬‰¬fl¡ˆ¬±1œÓ¬ Œ√ø‡¬ıÕ˘ ¬¬Û±› ¬ı1 ˜˜«±øôLfl¡ ’±1n∏ 40-60 Œfl¡øÊ√ ›Ê√Ú1 ’±1n∏ √œ‚˘ 220.200 ø˙˝√√1Ìfl¡±1œº ’±ø˜ Œ˚øÓ¬˚˛± Ú±1fl¡ ø‰¬øÈ¬ ¬Û±1 ∆˝√√ ˜±‰¬±˝◊√√ ŒÂ√ø∞I◊ø˜È¬±1 ø‰¬Ó¬± ¬ı±À‚ ‚∞I◊±Ó¬ 112 øfl¡À˘±ø˜È¬±1 ˜±1±Ó¬ õ∂À¬ı˙ fl¡ø1øÂ√À˘±, ˜1n∏ˆ¬”ø˜ ¸‘√˙ ¬ı±ø˘˜˚˛ ˜±øÈ¬, Œ¬ıÀ·À1 Œ√Ãø1¬ı ¬Û±À1º Œ˚øÚÀ˚˛˝◊√√ ¬Û±ø1 Œ¸˝◊√√Ù¬±À˘ 1±ô¶±, ‡˘±-¬ı˜± ’øÓ¬ Œ¬ı˚˛± ¤∞I◊ÚœÀ˚˛ ’±˜±1 ·±Î¬ˇœ‡Ú ø‰¬Ó¬± Œfl¡˝◊√√È¬±1 1±ô¶±, ’±˜±1 ¤ÀÚ ˘±ø·øÂ√˘ ’¸—‡… 1±ô¶±1 ˜±ÀÊ√À1 ¬fl¡±¯∏Õ˘Àfl¡ ∆˘ ·í˘, ¬ı±fl¡œ ¬Û˚«È¬fl¡1 ·±Î¬ˇœÀ¬ı±À1± ›‰¬1 Œfl¡±ÚÀÈ¬± 1±ô¶±˝◊√√ ’±˜±fl¡ ¸øÍ¬fl¡ˆ¬±Àª ∆˘ ˚±¬ıº ¤LöÚœ1 ‰¬±ø¬Û ’±ø˝√√˘º ¬ı±‚ Œfl¡˝◊√√È¬±˝◊√√ ’±˜±Õ˘ ’¬ı:±À1 ‰¬±˝◊√√ ¬ı±È¬ ¬ÛÔ1 õ∂øÓ¬ :±Ó¬ ’±ÀÂ√ ¬ı±À¬ı ø‰¬ôL± fl¡ø1¬ı ˘·±Ó¬ ˝◊√√ÀÈ¬±1 ø¬ÛÂ√Ó¬ ø¸ÀÈ¬± ¬˘±˝◊√√Ú ¬Û±øÓ¬ 1±Ê√fl¡œ˚˛ Œ‡±ÀÊ√À1 ¬Û1± Ú±øÂ√À˘±, øfl¡c ¤ø√Úœ˚˛± ˜±Ú≈˝√√1 ¬ı±À¬ı ¬ı1 fl¡©Üfl¡1, ’±“Ó¬ø1 ·í˘º ¸”˚«…ô¶1 ¸˜˚˛, Œ¸±ÀÌ±ª±˘œ ‚“±˝√√Ó¬ ”√1”√1Õ˘ ˜±Ú≈˝√√1 ¸˜±·˜ Ú±˝◊√√, Ú±˝◊√√ Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ·“±›, ˜±ÀÊ√ ø¬ıø1ø„√√øÂ√˘ ¸”1n∏˚1 1±„√√˘œ ’±ˆ¬±, ø¬ı˙±˘ ’±fl¡±˙‡ÚÓ¬ ˜±ÀÊ√ ·1n∏-Â√±·˘œ1 ¬Û±˘Õ˘ Ê√ÚÊ√±øÓ¬1 ŒÎ¬fl¡±˝◊√√ ·1n∏- 1±˜ÀÒÚ≈1 ¸“±ÀÓ¬±1À„√√ 1+¬ÛÓ¬ 1„√√ ‰¬1±˝◊√√øÂ√˘º Œ¸˝◊√√ ’¬Û”¬ı« Â√±·˘œ ‰¬1±˝◊√√ ’±ÀÂ√º ’±˜±1 ¬ı±À¬ı øÚø«√©Ü fl¡ø1 ŒÔ±ª± ‘√˙… 1±ø˙À˚˛ ’±˜±1 ˜Ú ˜≈ø˝√√ Œ¬Û˘±˝◊√√øÂ√˘º ’±øÊ√› Œ¸˝◊√√ ë˜±¬ı±ø‰¬•§±í ˘Ê√Ó¬ ’±ø˜ ∆· Î¬◊¬Ûø¶öÓ¬ ∆˝√√øÂ√À˘±, ’±˜±fl¡ ‘√˙…˝◊√√ Œ˜±1 ‰¬fl≈¡Ó¬ Ò1± ø√À˚˛ø˝√√º ‰¬1¬ıÓ¬ ¤ø·˘±‰¬ ’±·¬ıÏ¬ˇ±˝◊√√ ¶§±·Ó¬˜ Ê√Ú±˝◊√√øÂ√˘ ˘Ê√í1 Ê√±fl¡ Ê√±fl¡ ‰¬1±˝◊√√À˚˛ ’±fl¡±À˙ø√ ‚1˜≈ª± ∆˝√√ÀÂ√, fl¡˜«‰¬±1œÀ˚˛, õ∂øÓ¬Ê√Ú1 ˙1œ1Ó¬ ˜±‰¬±˝◊√√ Ê√±øÓ¬1 øõ∂˚˛ 1„√√± ¬Û‡œ1 Œfl¡±˘±˝˘Ó¬ Œ·±ÀÈ¬˝◊√√ ’±À¬ıø˘ÀÈ¬± ˜≈‡ø1Ó¬ ∆˝√√ ¸±Ê√º ≈√¬Û1œ˚˛±1 ’±˝√√±1 ¢∂˝√√Ì fl¡ø1 ’˘¬Û ¸˜˚˛ øÊ√1øÌ Î¬◊øÍ¬ÀÂ√, ’fl¡˘ ˜±‰¬±˝◊√√ ˜±1±ÀÓ¬˝◊√√ ¶ö±Úœ˚˛ ’±1n∏ ¬Ûø1w˜œ ˘í¬ıÕ˘ ’±˜±fl¡ ¤LöÚœÀ˚˛ ¬Û1±˜˙« ø√À˘º ‰¬±ø1 ˜±Ú ‰¬1±˝◊√√1 ø¬ıøˆ¬iß õ∂Ê√±øÓ¬1 458 ø¬ıÒ ‰¬1±˝◊√√ Ôfl¡±1 Ó¬Ô… ¬ıÊ√±Ó¬ ’±˜±fl¡ ¸±Ê≈√ ∆˝√√ Ô±øfl¡¬ı fl¡íÀ˘º Œ¸˝◊√√ ˜ÀÓ¬ ’±ø˜ Œ¬Û±ª± ˚±˚˛, ’±˜±1 ˘Ê√1 fl¡±¯∏ÀÓ¬ √œ‚˘ ŒÍ¬±È¬1, ¤LöÚœ1 ˘·Ó¬ ’±ø˜ ø1Ê√±ˆ¬«Ó¬ õ∂À¬ı˙ fl¡ø1À˘±º ¬ı1ÀÈ¬±Àfl¡±˘± Ê√±Ó¬œ˚˛ ‰¬1±˝◊√√1 Ê√±fl¡ ¤È¬±˝◊√√ ¬ı“±˝√√ ¸±øÊ√ÀÂ√, 36 ≈√˝◊√√ ¤È¬±˝◊√√ Œ˝√√±ÀÈ¬˘1 Œ¬Û˘Úœ˚˛± ‡±¬ıÕ˘ ‚”ø1 Ù≈¬ø1ÀÂ√º ø‰¬ôLÚœ˚˛, ø¬ıÀ˙¯∏Õfl¡ ’¸˜Ó¬ ’±ø˜ ¸1n∏À1 ¬Û1± ˜1±˙1 ¬ıUÀÓ¬± Ú±˜ ÚÊ√Ú± ‰¬1±˝◊√√ › Œ√ø‡¬ıÕ˘ ¬Û±À˘±, øfl¡c 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‰¬±¬Û1º ˝◊√√‡Ú1 ¬Û±Â√Ó¬ ’±Ú‡Ú ·±Î¬ˇœ1 ¸ij≈‡Õ˘ ˝◊√√26≈¡fl¡Ó¬±À1 ‰¬±˝◊√√ Œ√ø‡À˘± ≈√È¬±Õfl¡ ˜±˝◊√√fl¡œ ø¸—˝√√ √œ‚˘œ˚˛± Œ¸±Ó¬º Ê≈√˘±˝◊√√ ’±1n∏ ’±·©Ü ˜±˝√√ÀÓ¬ ¸¬ı«±øÒfl¡ ŒÊ√±À¬Û±˝√√±1 ’±“1Ó¬ Â“√± ∆˘ q˝◊√√ ’±ÀÂ√º ’±˜±1 ·±Î¬ˇœ‡Ú ¬Û˚«È¬Àfl¡ ˜±‰¬±˝◊√√ ˜±1±Ó¬ √˙«Ú fl¡ø1¬ı ’±À˝√√º øfl¡c fl¡íÀÓ¬± ’±&ª±˝◊√√ ø¸—˝√√ ≈√È¬±1 ¸ij≈‡Õ˘ øÚÀ˘, ¬ı±¬ÛÀ1Ø ˝◊√√˜±Ú ˝√√±˝◊√√ Î¬◊1n∏ø˜ Ú±˝◊√√, Ú±˝◊√√ Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ¤‡Ú ·±Î¬ˇœÀÓ¬ Ù¬À1©Ü fl¡±¯∏1 ¬Û1± ø¸—˝√√ Œ√ø‡ ¬ı≈fl≈¡‡Ú fl“¡ø¬Û Î¬◊øÍ¬˘º Œfl¡À˜1±ÀÈ¬± ·±Î«¬, ¬ıµ≈fl¡º Œfl¡±ÀÚ± Ê√c ’±Sê˜Rfl¡ Ú˝√√˚˛, ¸‰¬±Õfl¡ ˝√√±Ó¬Ó¬ ∆˘ fl“¡ø¬Û¬ı Òø1À˘±º ø¸—˝√√Àfl¡˝◊√√È¬±˝◊√√ ’±˜±Õ˘ ˜±‰¬±˝◊√√ ˜±1±˝◊√√ ’±˜±fl¡ ¸Àij±ø˝√√Ó¬ fl¡ø1 Œ¬Û˘±˝◊√√ÀÂ√º ˜±˝◊√√˘ wÀé¬¬Û fl¡1± Ú±˝◊√√º øfl¡c ¬ıUÀfl¡˝◊√√‡Ú ·±Î¬ˇœ ’±ø˝√√ Œ˚±ª±Ó¬ ˜±˝◊√√˘ Œ˚±1± ¬Û±Ó¬˘ ‚“±˝√√øÚ, ˜±ÀÊ√ ˜±ÀÊ√ ŒÊ√±À¬Û±˝√√± Î¬◊ÀÍ¬± Ú≈ÀÍ¬±Õfl¡ fl¡±¯∏1 Ê√±1øÌ ‡ÚÓ¬ ’ôLÒ«±Ú ˝√√í˘º ø¸—˝√√1 ·Â√1 ¸1n∏ ¸1n∏ ¤‡Ú ˝√√±ø¬ı, ˜±ÀÊ√ ˜±ÀÊ√ ≈√˝◊√√ ¤ÀÊ√±¬Û± ›Ê√Ú 120-150 Œfl¡øÊ√ [˜±˝◊√√fl¡œ ø¸—˝√√] ’±1n∏ ˜Ó¬± Î¬±„√√1 ·Â√, ˝◊√√˜”11 ¬Û1± ø¸˜”1Õ˘ Úœ˘± ’±fl¡À˙ Œ˚Ú ø¸—˝√√1 150-225 Œfl¡øÊ√ [ø¸—˝√√]º √œ‚˘ ˜±˝◊√√fl¡œ ø¸—˝√√ ˜±‰¬±˝◊√√ ˜±1±fl¡ ¸±¬ıøÓ¬ Òø1ÀÂ√, qfl≈¡˘± Œ˜‚1 Â“√±˚˛±Ó¬ ¸”˚«…1 210-275 ŒÂ√øKI◊ø˜È¬±1 ’±1n∏ ˜Ó¬± ø¸—˝√√1 240-350 fl¡±¬ı±Â√±øÊ√ øfl¡ Œ˚ ¤fl¡ ˜ÀÚ±À˜±˝√√± ‘√˙…, ¤˝◊√√ ’Ú≈ˆ”¬øÓ¬ Œ‰¬øKI◊ø˜È¬±1 √œ‚˘ ˝√√˚˛º ŒÊ√±À¬Û±˝√√±øÚ1 ˜±ÀÊ√ ˜±ÀÊ√ Òœ1 øÚÊ√ ‰¬fl≈¡À1 ŒÚÀ√ø‡À˘ ¬ı…Mê√ fl¡1±ÀÈ¬± È¬±Úº ·øÓ¬À1 ’±˜±1 ·±Î¬ˇœ ’±&ª±˝◊√√ ∆· ’±ÀÂ√º ’±˜±1 ¤ÀÊ√±¬Û± õ∂±˚˛ qfl¡±˝◊√√ ˚±¬ı Ò1± ·Â√1 Î¬±˘Ó¬ ¤È¬± ’Ú≈¸øg»¸± ‰¬fl≈¡ 1±ô¶±1 ≈√˝◊√√ ¬Û±À1 ø¸—˝√√ Œ‰¬±ª±1 ˙&Ì ¬ıø˝√√ ’±ÀÂ√, ”√1Ó¬ ¤Ê√±fl¡ ˙&ÀÌ ˜1±˙ ¤È¬±1 Œ˝√√“¬Û±˝√√Ó¬º ¸“‰¬±Õfl¡ ’˘¬Û ’±&ª±˝◊√√ ˚±›“ÀÓ¬˝◊√√ ˜±˝◊√√fl¡œ ’ªø˙©Ü ø‡øÚ È¬±øÚ ’±ÀÂ√º ’±˜±fl¡ ¤LöøÚÀ˚˛ fl¡íÀ˘ ø¸—˝√√ ¤Ê√ÚœÀ˚˛ ’±À¬Û±Ú ˜ÀÚ Œ¬Û±ª±ø˘ ≈√È¬±1 ˘·Ó¬ ˙&ÀÌ ø˚ÀÊ√±¬Û± ·Â√Ó¬ ¬ı±¸ fl¡À1, Œ¸˝◊√√ ·Â√ ˘±À˝√√ ˘±À˝√√ Œ‡ø˘ ’±øÂ√˘, ©Ü±È¬« ¬ıg fl¡ø1 ·±Î¬ˇœÀ¬ı±1 ∆1 ø√À˘º qfl¡±˝◊√√ ’±À˝√√º ˙&Ì1 ¬ı‘á¬±˝◊√√ ˝◊√√˚˛±1 õ∂fl‘¡Ó¬ fl¡±1Ìº ’±˜±1 ·±Î¬ˇœ‡Ú ¸fl¡À˘±Ó¬Õfl¡ ’±·Ó¬º ’±Úµ ’±1n∏ ˜±Ú≈˝√√1ø¬ıù´±¸ ŒÚ ’Ú≈˜±øÚfl¡ ø‰¬ôL± ˝◊√√˚˛±1 Œfl¡±ÀÚ± ¸˜…fl¡ ¸—˙˚˛ ˆ¬1± ’±˜±1 ˜ÚÀÈ¬±fl¡ ¸±˜ø1 Ú˚˛Ú ¸±Ô«fl¡ :±Ú Œ˜±1 Ú±˝◊√√, ëø¬ıù´1 Ê√—‚˘1 Ê√±˜±√±1í ¬ı≈ø˘ ˙&Ìfl¡ Œ˝√√±ª±Õfl¡ ‰¬±˝◊√√ Ô±øfl¡À˘±º Ê√±¬Û±Ú, ˝◊√√Î¬◊À1±¬Û1 ¬Û˚«È¬fl¡ Œfl¡±ª± ˝√√˚˛º øfl¡c ’øÓ¬ ¬Ûø1Ó¬±¬Û1 fl¡Ô± ˘±À˝√√ ˘±À˝√√ Œ¬ıøÂ√, ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡1 Œfl¡À˜1±˝◊√√ ¸‚ÀÚ øflv¡fl¡ fl¡ø1 Î¬◊øÍ¬˘º ø¬ıù´Ó¬ ˙&Ì1 ¸—‡… fl¡ø˜ ’±ø˝√√¬ı Òø1ÀÂ√º ˝◊√√ ¤fl¡ Œ¬Û±ª±ø˘ Ôfl¡± ˜±˝◊√√fl¡œ ø¸—˝√√À¬ı±1 ‡„√√±˘ ∆˝√√ Ô±Àfl¡, 37 ø˚Àfl¡±ÀÚ± ˜≈˝√√”Ó«¬ÀÓ¬ ’±Sê˜Ì fl¡ø1¬ı ¬Û±À1º ˜˝◊√√ Ù¬ÀÈ¬± ’±øÂ√˘ ‰¬±À· ø˝√√¬Ûfl¡ √˙«Ú fl¡1±1, ø¬ıÙ¬˘ ˜ÀÚ±1Ô ∆˘ Î¬◊ÀÍ¬±ª±1 fl¡Ô± ¬Û±˝√√ø1 ∆·øÂ√À˘±, ˜±˝◊√√fl¡œÊ√ÚœÀ˚˛ ‰¬±À· Î¬◊ˆ¬øÓ¬ ’±ø˝√√À˘±, øfl¡c ˜±1± ∆ÚÓ¬ ‚“ø1˚˛±˘ Œ√‡±1 ˝◊√√˜±Ú ·±Î¬ˇœ ¸ij≈‡Ó¬ Œ√ø‡ ˆ¬˚˛ ‡±À˘ ’±1n∏ ˘±À˝√√ ˘±À˝√√ Œ¸Ãˆ¬±·… Ú‚øÈ¬˘º ’±“Ó¬ø1 ·í˘º ¬Û±ÀÂ√ ¬Û±ÀÂ√ Œ¬Û±ª±˘œ ≈√È¬± º Œ˜±1 ≈√‡ ˜±‰¬±˝◊√√ ˜±1±Ó¬ øˆ¬iß Ò1Ì1 Ê√c1 ’±¬ı±¸ˆ¬”ø˜º ˘±ø·˘ Œ¸˝◊√√ ø¬ı1˘ ‘√˙… Œ˜±1 Œfl¡À˜1±Ó¬ ¬ıgœ Ú˝√√í˘º ’±ø˜ Ê√±øÚ¬ıÕ˘ Œ¬Û±ª± ’±1n∏ Œ√ø‡ Œ¬Û±ª± Ê√cÀ¬ı±1 ¤LöÚœÀ˚˛ ’±˜±fl¡ Ê√Ú±À˘ ¤Àfl¡ø√Ú±˝◊√√ ˝◊√√˜±Ú ø¸—˝√ ∆˝√√ÀÂ√, Black and white colobus Monkey ol- Œ√ø‡¬ıÕ˘ Œ¬Û±ª±ÀÈ¬± Œ¸Ãˆ¬±·…1 fl¡Ô±º ’±ø˜ ¸¬ı«˜≈Í¬ ive baboons [Œ¬ı¬ı≈Ú] hunting dog [1±— fl≈¡fl≈¡1] ¬Û“±‰¬Ê√Úœ ø¸—˝√√ ’±1n∏ ¤È¬± ˜Ó¬± ø¸—˝√√ Œ√ø‡À˘±º black-backed and side, streyed jackals, bat- ¸¬ı±ÀÓ¬±Ó¬Õfl¡ ˝√√“±ø˝√√ ’±1n∏ ’±Úµ ˘±ø·˘ ø¸—˝√√ ˜˝√√±1±ÀÊ√ ear Foxes, spotted and strip Hyenas, ’±1±˜ Ù¬1˜±˝◊√√ ›¬Û1Õ˘ ‰¬±ø1 ŒÍ¬— Œ˜ø˘ ‚“±˝√√øÚ1 ˜±Ê√Ó¬ ø˘’¬Û±Î«¬ (Leopards) elephant [˝√√±Ó¬œ] ŒÊ√¬ıË±, q˝◊√√ ’±ÀÂ√, ø¸—˝√√1 õ∂fl‘¡øfl¡À˚˛˝◊√√ 1±Ê√fl¡œ˚˛ ’±1n∏ Hippopotamuses African wild cat) cheetahs ’±1±˜øõ∂˚˛ Œˆ¬±fl¡ Ú±˘±ø·À˘ ø¸—˝√√˝◊√√ Ê√cfl¡ ’±Sê˜Ú [ø‰¬Ó¬±], giraffes, topis, wildebeests, Duikers, Úfl¡À1º ˙œÓ¬ ˜±˝√√1 ≈√¬Û1œ˚˛± 1√1 ›˜ ∆˘ ’±1n∏ ≈√È¬±˜±Ú oribis, dik-diks, water buck, impalas, ø¸—˝√√ ”√11 ¬Û1± Œ√‡± ¬Û±˝◊√√øÂ√À˘±º ¤È¬± ø¬ı˜˘ ’±Úµ Thomson's, gazellers, buffaloas ’±ø√º ’±1n∏ Œ¸Ãˆ¬±·…À1 ’±˜±1 ’ôL1 ˆ¬ø1 Î¬◊øÍ¬øÂ√˘º ˜±‰¬±˝◊√√ ë˜±‰¬±˝◊√√ ˜±1±í ø¬ıù´1 ¬ıÚ…Àõ∂˜œ ¸fl¡˘1 ˜≈‡… ’±fl¡¯∏«Ìº ˜±1±Ó¬ ˚ÀÔ©Ü ¸—‡…fl¡ Hippopotamus, [˚±fl¡ ¸“‰¬±Õfl¡ ˜±‰¬±˝◊√√ ˜±1±1 √˙«ÀÚ ’±˜±1 ’±fl¡±—øé¬Ó¬ ¬Û±Úœ1 ˝√√√√©Üœ ¬ı≈ø˘ Œfl¡±ª± ˝√√˚˛], Œ√ø‡¬ıÕ˘ Œ¬Û±ª± ˚±˚˛, ˜ÚÀÈ¬± Î¬◊8ø˘Ó¬ fl¡ø1 Ó≈¬ø˘À˘, ¤˝◊√√ w˜ÀÌ ’±˜±fl¡ ’±ø˜ ˜±1± ∆Ú1 ¬Û±1Õ˘ ·íÀ˘± ø˝√√À¬Û±À¬ı±1 ‰¬±¬ıÕ˘, ˚ÀÔ©Ü õ∂ˆ¬±¬ı±øi§Ó¬ ’±1n∏ ’Ú≈õ∂±øÌÓ¬ fl¡ø1À˘º ’±ø˜ ø¸˝√√“Ó¬1 ¬ı‘á¬±˝◊√√ ˜±1±1 ∆Ú1 ¬Û±Úœ fl¡í˘± fl¡ø1 Œ¬Û˘±˝◊√√ÀÂ√, fl¡ÀÈ¬±ª± ≈√˝◊√√ ø√ÀÚ˝◊√√ ˚ÀÔ©Ü Ê√œª-Ê√c, ‰¬1±˝◊√√-ø‰¬ø1fl¡øÈ¬ ¬Û±Úœ1 ˜±Ê√ÀÓ¬ ¸±˜±Ú… ˜≈‡ Î¬◊ø˘˚˛±˝◊√√ Œ¸±˜±˚˛ Ô±Àfl¡, Œ√‡±1 Œ¸Ãˆ¬±·…À1 ˜±‰¬±˝◊√√ ˜±1±Õ˘ ’±Àfl¡Ã ’˝√√±1 ¬ıU ¬Û1 ¬ı±È¬ ‰¬±À˘± øfl¡Ê√±øÚ ›˘±˝◊√√ ’±À˝√√, ø¸˜±ÀÚ˝◊√√ ˝√√±ø¬ı˚˛±¸ ¬ıÏ¬ˇ±˝◊√√ Ó≈¬ø˘À˘º

Œ˘ø‡fl¡± ¬1±‡œ √M√√ ˙˝◊√√fl¡œ˚˛± fl¡±øÊ√¬1±„√√± ª±˝◊√√ã ˘±˝◊√√Ù¬ ‰¬Â√±˝◊√√øÈ¬1 ¤·1±fl¡œ øÚá¬±ª±Ú fl¡˜«œº Œ˜±¬ı±˝◊√√˘ Ú•§1 – 94351-51140

38 ¤Ê√±ﬂ¡ ¬Ûé¬œ ’±1n∏ øÎ¬¬ıËn∏-∆Â√À‡±ª± Ó‘¬ø5 √±¸

õ∂fl‘¡øÓ¬fl¡ ¬ı±√ ø√ ¬Û‘øÔªœ‡Úfl¡ fl¡äÚ± fl¡1fl¡À‰¬±Úº ¤fl¡ ˜ÀÚ±1˜ ¬ıÚ…±õ≠±ªÚ Ó¬Ô± ¬ıÚÊ√ ¸•ÛÀ√À1 ¸˜‘X ŒÚ±ª±ø1 Ú˝√√˚˛ÀÚ∑ ¬¬Û‘øÔªœ, õ∂fl‘¡øÓ¬ ’±1n∏ ’±ø˜ ¤fl¡ ’1Ì…1±øÊ√fl¡ øÎ¬¬ıËn∏-∆Â√À‡±ª± 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ ’±1n∏ ∆Ê√ª ˜G˘ øÚø¬ıÎ¬ˇ ¬ı±Àg±ÀÚÀ1 ¬ı±g ‡±˝◊√√ ’±ÀÂ√±º ¤È¬±fl¡ ¬ı±√ ø√ (Biosphere Reserve) 1+À¬Û ¶§œfl‘¡øÓ¬ ø√˚˛± ∆˝√√À‰¬º ’±ÚÀÈ¬±1 fl¡äÚ± fl¡ø1¬ı ŒÚ±ª±ø1º ˜ÀÚ±À˜±˝√√± õ∂fl‘¡øÓ¬À˚˛ øÓ¬øÚ‰≈¬fl¡œ˚˛± øÊ√˘± ’±1n∏ øÎ¬¬ıËn∏·Î¬ˇ øÊ√˘±1 ’±—ø˙fl¡ ¬Û‘øÔªœfl¡ ’˘—fl‘¡Ó¬ fl¡ø1ÀÂ√º fl¡—SêœÈ¬1 ¬Û‘øÔ¬ıœÀ˚˛ ˜±øÈ¬-fl¡±ø˘À1 Î¬◊M√√1 ’é¬±—˙1 270-300 ¬Û1± 270- Œ˚øÓ¬˚˛± Ê√œªÚÀÈ¬± ’±˜øÚ√±˚˛fl¡ fl¡ø1 ŒÓ¬±À˘, ŒÓ¬øÓ¬˚˛± 45˚’±1n∏ ¬Û”¬ı ^±ø‚˜± Œ1‡±1 270 -10˚˛¬Û1± 950- ˜ÚÀÈ¬±Àª õ∂fl‘¡øÓ¬1 ¬ı≈fl≈¡Õ˘ Î¬◊1± ˜±À1. õ∂fl‘¡øÓ¬1 ¸±øißÒ…Ó¬ 45˚” øˆ¬Ó¬1Ó¬ ¸±·1 ¬Û‘á¬±1 ¬Û1± 118-126 ø˜È¬±1 ¸ø1 ¬ÛÀ1 Ê√œªÚ1 ’ª¸±√, ’1n∏ø‰¬ ’±ø√º ¤øÈ¬ ˜≈Mê√ Î¬◊2‰¬Ó¬±Ó¬ ¤˝◊√√ Î¬◊√…±Ú‡Ú1 ’ªø¶öøÓ¬º øÎ¬¬ıËn∏ Ú√œ1 Î¬◊M√√1 ø¬ı˝√√—·1 √À1 õ∂fl‘¡øÓ¬1 ¬ı≈fl≈¡Ó¬ ø¬ı‰¬1Ì fl¡ø1 ≈√˝√√±Ó¬ ˆ¬1±˝◊√√ ¬Û±11 ¸œ˜±À1 ’±¬ı‘M√√ Œ˝√√±ª±1 fl¡±1ÀÌ øÎ¬¬ıËn∏ ’±1n∏ ’±øÚ¬ı ¬Û±ø1 ˜≈øÍ¬ ˜≈øÍ¬ ¸≈‡±Ú≈ˆ¬”øÓ¬º õ∂fl‘¡øÓ¬1 Œ¸Ãµ˚«˝◊√√ ∆Â√À‡±ª± ‚±È¬1 ›‰¬1Ó¬ ’ªø¶öÓ¬ fl¡±1ÀÌ 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ ’ôL11 ’±Àª·-’Ú≈ˆ¬”øÓ¬fl¡ 1˝√√Ìœ˚˛±-¬ı1Ìœ˚˛± fl¡ø1 Î¬◊√…±Ú‡Ú1 Ú±˜fl¡1Ì fl¡1± ˝√√í˘ñ øÎ¬¬ıËn∏-∆Â√À‡±ª± 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ ŒÓ¬±˘±1 ˘·ÀÓ¬ ’øˆ¬Ú¬ı, ’Ó≈¬˘Úœ˚˛ ¸‘ø©Ü1 ¬ı±À¬ı Î¬◊√…±Úº øÎ¬¬ıËn∏ ’±1n∏ ∆Â√Àfl¡±ª± ¤˝◊√√ ≈√À˚˛±‡Ú ¬ıÚ±=˘fl¡ Œõ∂1Ì± Œ˚±·±˚˛º ’ÚÚ…± õ∂fl‘¡øÓ¬1 øÚø¬ıÎ¬ˇ ¸±øißÒ…˝◊√√ 1990 ’±1n∏ 1992 ‰¬ÚÓ¬ ‰¬1fl¡±1œˆ¬±Àª ¸—1øé¬Ó¬ Ê√œªÚfl¡ ¤fl¡ ¸≈fl¡œ˚˛± ˜±√fl¡Ó¬± õ∂√±Ú fl¡À1º ¬ıÚ±=˘ Œ‚±¯∏Ì± fl¡1± ˝√√˚˛º ¬Û1¬ıÓ«¬œ ¸˜˚˛Ó¬ ≈√À˚˛±‡Ú ¸˜˚˛1 ¬Ûø1ªÓ«¬Ú1 ˘À· ˘À· ’±˜±1 ¬Û‘øÔªœ‡ÀÚ ¸—1øé¬Ó¬ ¬ıÚ±=˘ ’±1n∏ ˝◊√√˚˛±1 ¬Û±ù«´ªÓ¬œ« øfl¡Â≈√ ¤À˘fl¡± ÚÓ≈¬ÚQ1 ¸±Ê√ ¬Ûø1Ò±Ú fl¡ø1ÀÂ√º ÚÓ≈¬Ú ¬Û‘øÔªœÓ¬ øfl¡c ¸±˜ø1 1995 ‰¬ÚÓ¬ 340 ¬ı·« øfl¡–ø˜– ¤À˘fl¡±À1 øÎ¬¬ıËn∏- õ∂fl‘¡øÓ¬ ø¬ı¬ıøÊ«√Ó¬ Œ˝√√±ª± Ú±˝◊√√º ¬ıøX«Ó¬ Ê√Ú¸—‡…±1 Œ˝√√Ó≈¬ ∆Â√À‡±ª± ’ˆ¬˚˛±1Ì… Œ‚±¯∏Ì± fl¡1± ˝√√í˘º ¬ıÓ«¬˜±ÀÚ ’±˜±1 ’1Ì…ˆ¬”ø˜ ¸—fl≈¡ø‰¬Ó¬ ∆˝√√ÀÂ√º Ó¬Ô±ø¬Û› Sê˜±·Ó¬ˆ¬±Àª 1997 ‰¬ÚÓ¬ 340 ¬ı·« ˆ¬±À˘¸—‡…fl¡ ’1Ì…ˆ¬”ø˜ ¸—1øé¬Ó¬ ¬ıÚ±=˘, øfl¡À˘±ø˜È¬±1 ’=˘fl¡ ˜≈‡… ’=˘ (Core-Zone) ’ˆ¬˚˛±1Ì…, 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ Î¬◊√…±Ú ø˝√√‰¬±À¬Û ‰¬1fl¡±À1 ¸—1øé¬Ó¬ ’±1n∏ ˝◊√√˚˛±1 Œ‰¬Ã¬Û±˙1 [¬Û±ù«´¶ö 38 ‡Ú 1±Ê√˝√√ ·“±›, fl¡ø1ÀÂ√º ’¸˜1 ¤ÀÚ ¤‡Ú 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ Î¬◊√…±Ú ˝√√í˘ñ øÎ¬¬ıËn∏- ¸—˘¢ü ’Ú… ¤À˘fl¡±] 425 ¬ı·« øfl¡À˘±ø˜È¬±1 øÚ1À¬Ûé¬ ∆Â√À‡±ª± 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ Î¬◊√…±Úº ’=˘ (Buffer Zone) ø˝√√‰¬±À¬Û ∆˘ 765 ¬ı·« Î¬◊Ê√øÚ1 Œ·Ã1ª øÎ¬¬ıËn∏-∆Â√À‡±ª± 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ Î¬◊√…±Ú øfl¡À˘±ø˜È¬±1 ’=˘fl¡ øÎ¬¬ıËn∏ -∆Â√À‡±ª± ¸—1øé¬Ó¬ ∆Ê√ª –- ’¸˜1 ¬Û”¬ı õ∂±ôLÓ¬ ˜˝√√±¬ı±U ¬ıËp¡¬Û≈S1 √øé¬Ì ¬Û±À1 ˜G˘ (Dibru-Saikhowa Biosphere reserve)

39 ø˝√√‰¬±À¬Û Œ‚±¯∏Ì± fl¡1± ˝√√˚˛º ¬Û≈Ú1 1999 ‰¬ÚÓ¬ 340 ”√Õ1Ó¬ ’ªø¶öÓ¬ øÎ¬¬ıËn∏-∆Â√À‡±ª± 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ Î¬◊√…±ÚÓ¬ Œ¬Û±ª± ¬ı·« øfl¡À˘±ø˜È¬±11 ’ˆ¬˚˛±1Ì…‡Úfl¡ 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ Î¬◊√…±ÚÕ˘ ˚±˚˛ ’Ú… Œfl¡±ÀÚ± 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ Î¬◊√…±ÚÓ¬ ŒÚ±À¬Û±ª± ¬ıÚ- Î¬◊ißœÓ¬ fl¡ø1 øÎ¬¬ıËn∏-∆Â√À‡±ª± 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ Î¬◊√…±Ú ø˝√√‰¬±À¬Û ‚1‰¬œ˚˛± Œ‚“±1± (Ferral horse) Œfl¡˝◊√√¬ı±È¬±› õ∂Ê√±øÓ¬1 ‰¬1fl¡±1œ ¶§œfl‘¡øÓ¬ õ∂√±Ú fl¡1± ˝√√˚˛º ¸±¬Û, ˜±Â√, ‰¬1±˝◊√√, Œˆ¬fl≈¡˘œ, ¬Ûø‡˘±º Ó¬≈√¬Ûø1 ¬ıÚ1œ˚˛± Î¬◊√…±Ú‡Ú1 ’1Ì…±Úœ ¸±Ò±1ÌÀÓ¬ ø¬ıøˆ¬iß ˜í˝√√¬[wild Buffalo], ¬ı±‚, ˝√√±Ó¬œ, ¬ıÚ Œ¬ı±µ± [Jungle õ∂Ê√±øÓ¬1 ·Â√ ·Â√øÚÀ1 35 ˙Ó¬±—˙ ›‡ ’1Ì… ’=˘, cat], ˜±Â≈√Õª Œ˜fl≈¡1œ [Fishing cat], Î¬◊√ [cotter], Ú˘, ‡·√ø1, ˝◊√√fl¡1±, Ó¬1±, Œ¬ıÓ¬—Úœ ’±ø√À1 25 Î¬◊1Ìœ˚˛± Œfl¡Àfl¡«È≈¬ª± [Flying Squirrel], ˝√√À˘Ã ¬ı±µ1 ˙Ó¬±—˙˜±Ú ‚“±˝√√øÚ, ø¬ÛÈ¬øÚ, Ê√˘±˙˚˛ [∆Ú, ø¬ı˘, Ú˘±, (Goolock Gibbom), ‰≈¬ø¬Û ø¬Ûg± ¬ı±µ1 (Capped ¸≈øÓ¬] ’±ø√À1 40 ˙Ó¬±—˙ ’±^« ˆ¬”ø˜º ˝◊√√˚˛±1 langur), ·±˝√√ø1 ŒÚÊ√œ˚˛± ¬ı±µ1 (Pigtail Macaque), ’1Ì…1±øÊ√ Œ¸À˜fl¡± Ê√˘¬ı±˚˛≈Ó¬ ˘±ø˘Ó¬-¬Û±ø˘Ó¬º ø˙U [Dolphin], ’¸˜œ˚˛± ¬ı±µ1 [Assamese ø¬ıô¶œÌ« ø˝√√˜±˘˚˛ ¬Û¬ı«Ó¬1 Í¬±˘-ŒÍ¬„≈√√ø˘À1 ¬ıËp¡¬Û≈S Macaque], ˜˘≈ª± ¬ı±µ1 [Macaca Mulatta], Î¬◊¬ÛÓ¬…fl¡±1 √øé¬ÀÌ ’1n∏Ì±‰¬˘ õ∂À√˙ Ê≈√ø1 ¬Ûø(˜1 ¬Û1± ˘±Ê≈√fl¡œ ¬ı±µ1 [Slowtoris], ˝◊√√Ó¬…±ø√1 ˘·ÀÓ¬ ø¬ıø¬ıÒ ¬Û”¬ıÕ˘ ’±1n∏ Î¬◊M√√À1 ¬Û±È¬fl¡±˝◊√√ ¬Û¬ı«Ó¬1 Í¬±˘-ŒÍ¬„≈√√ø˘À1 ¬ı‘é¬, Ó‘¬Ì, ˘Ó¬±, fi¯∏øÒ ·Â√, Œfl¡˝◊√√¬ı±ø¬ıÀÒ± ¬ıÚÙ≈¬˘ ¬Ûø(˜1 ¬Û1± ¬Û”¬ıÕ˘ ’±1n∏ Ú±·±À˘G ’±1n∏ ’1n∏Ì±‰¬˘ [Orcgids] 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ Î¬◊√…±Ú‡ÚÓ¬ Œ¬Û±ª± ˚±˚˛º ¤˝◊√√ ¬ı…±ø¬Û ≈√˝◊√√ ¬Û¬ı«Ó¬ ˜±˘±˝◊√√ ¬Û”¬ıÓ¬ ˘· ∆˝√√ Œ˚Ú ¤fl¡ ¸fl¡À˘±ø‡øÚ1 ¸˝√√À˚±·Ó¬ Î¬◊√…±Ú‡Ú õ∂±ÌªôL, ŒÒÚ≈øˆ¬1œ˚˛± ¤fl¡ Œ‚1 (Arch) ∆Ó¬˚˛±1 fl¡ø1ÀÂ√º ¤˝◊√√ ’±fl¡¯∏«Ìœ˚˛ ∆˝√√ Î¬◊øÍ¬ÀÂ√ ˚ø√› Î¬◊√…±Ú‡Úfl¡ ¬Ûé¬œÀ˚˛ ¶§fl¡œ˚˛ ¬Ûø1Àª˙Ó¬ Î¬◊M√√1˜≈‡œ Œ˜Ã‰≈¬˜œ ¬ı±˚˛≈ ¬Û¬ı«Ó¬Ó¬ ŒÍ¬fl¡± ‡±˝◊√√ ∆¬ıø˙©Ü õ∂√±Ú fl¡ø1ÀÂ√º ’±˝√√fl¡À‰¬±Ú, ’±ø˜ øÎ¬¬ıËn∏- Œfl¡ÃøÌfl¡ ¬ıËp¡¬Û≈S Î¬◊¬ÛÓ¬…fl¡±Ó¬ ¸‚Ú±˝◊√√ ¬ı‘ø©Ü¬Û±Ó¬ ‚È¬±˚˛º ∆Â√À‡±ª±1 ¬Ûé¬œ1 ø¬ı¯∏À˚˛ ’˘¬Û ’±˘±¬Û fl¡À1“±º ¬Ûø1Ì±˜Ó¬ ¤˝◊√√ ¬ı¯∏«±ø¸Mê√ ’1Ì…¸˜”˝√√Ó¬ Î¬◊øæ√√ ’±1n∏ Ê√œª- ¤Ê√±fl¡ ¬Ûé¬œ ’±1n∏ øÎ¬¬ıËn∏-∆Â√À‡±ª± –√- øÎ¬¬ıËn∏- Êc (Flora & Fauna) Ó¬ ø¬ı√…˜±Ú ˝√√˚˛ ¸≈fl¡œ˚˛± ∆¬ıø‰¬Sº ∆Â√À‡±˚˛± 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ Î¬◊√…±Ú‡Úfl¡ ¤Ê√±fl¡ ¬Ûé¬œÀ˚˛ Œ¸±ÌÓ¬ õ∂fl‘¡øÓ¬À˚˛ ¬Ûø1À¬ı˙ ·Ï¬ˇ ø√À˚˛º øÎ¬¬ıËn∏-∆Â√À‡±ª± ¸≈ª·± ‰¬1±˝◊√√ÀÂ√º ’¸˜Ó¬ Œ¬Û±ª± 960 È¬± ˜±Ú õ∂Ê√±øÓ¬1 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ Î¬◊√…±Ú‡Ú Ú√œ-¡Zœ¬Û1 √À1º Î¬◊M√√À1 ¬ıËp¡¬Û≈S, ¬Ûé¬œ1 øˆ¬Ó¬1Ó¬ øÎ¬¬ıËn∏-∆Â√À‡±ª±Ó¬ Œ¬Û±ª± ∆·ÀÂ√ 385È¬± √øé¬ÀÌ øÎ¬¬ıËn∏ Ú√œ, ¬Ûø(À˜ ¬Û≈Ú– øÎ¬¬ıËn∏ ’±1n∏ ¬ıËp¡¬Û≈S, õ∂Ê√±øÓ¬1 ¬Ûé¬œº Œfl¡Ó¬À¬ı±1 ø¬ı1˘ õ∂Ê√±øÓ¬1 ˘·ÀÓ¬ ¬Û”¬ıÓ¬ ’ÚôL Ú˘±º ’ÚôL Ú˘±1 ˘·ÀÓ¬ Ò˘± ∆Ú, Î¬±„√√1œ Œfl¡˝◊√√¬ı±È¬±› õ∂Ê√±øÓ¬1 ·ø1á¬¸—‡…fl¡ ¬Ûé¬œfl¡ ¬ı≈fl≈¡Ó¬ ’±|˚˛ ∆Ú ¸—À˚±øÊ√Ó¬ ∆˝√√ øÎ¬¬ıËn∏ ∆ÚÓ¬ ø˜ø˘Ó¬ ∆˝√√ÀÂ√º Î¬◊√…±Úfl¡Ú1 ø√˚˛±1 ¬ı±À¬ı˝◊√√ øÎ¬¬ıËn∏-∆Â√À‡±ª± ∆˝√√ ¬Ûø1ÀÂ√ ø¬ıÀ˙¯∏ˆ¬±Àª ø¬ıô¶œÌ« ’=˘ Ê√˘±˙˚˛1 ¸‘ø©Ü fl¡ø1ÀÂ√ ¬ıU¸—‡…fl¡ ø¬ı˘ Î¬◊À~‡À˚±·… 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ Î¬◊√…±Úº ¬ıU Œ√˙œ-ø¬ıÀ√˙œ ¬Û˚«È¬fl¡ ¸≈“øÓ¬ ’±ø√À˚˛º fl¡˘˜œ, √Òœ˚˛± ’±ø√ ¬ı˝√√˘ ∆Ú ¸‘√˙ øÎ¬¬ıËn∏-∆Â√À‡±ª±Õ˘ ’±ø˝√√ ¬Ûé¬œ øÚ1œé¬Ì1 Ê√ø1˚˛ÀÓ¬ Ú˘±1 ¬Ûø1 Î¬◊√…±Ú‡Ú1 ¸˜œ¬ÛÓ¬ Ôfl¡± 1—˜˘±, Œ¸Ãµ˚« Î¬◊¬ÛÀˆ¬±· fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘ ’Ô¬ı± ·Àª¯∏Ì±1 ¬ı±À¬ı ¬ı±ø˘Ê√±Ú, ˜±&ø1, ˜Ó¬±¬Û≈—, fl¡ø˘˚˛±¬Û±Úœ ’±ø√ ¸˜˘ ¬ı≈È¬ø˘¬ıÕ˘º ·e± ø‰¬˘Úœ (river tern), ¬ı1 ˝√√±˝◊√√Í¬± Ê√˘±˙˚˛ø¬ı˘±fl¡ Ê√˘Ê√ õ∂±Ìœ (Aquatic lives) ¬ı±À¬ı (Thick Billed Green Pigeon), ˙Ó¬ fl¡À¬ÛÃ ’±fl¡¯∏«Ìœ˚˛ ’±ª±¸¶ö˘œº (Eurasian Collared Dove), ˝√√±1n∏ª± fl¡À¬ÛÃ (Red øÓ¬øÚ‰≈¬fl¡œ˚˛± ‰¬˝√√11 ¬Û1± ˜±S ŒÓ¬1 øfl¡À˘±ø˜È¬±1 Collared Dove), ∆fl¡˘±„√√œ (Indian Cormorant), 40 ˜øÌ˚˛1œ (Darter), ¬ı1¬ı· (Great Egret), ˜±Ê≈√ ¬ı· øfl¡c øÎ¬¬ıËn∏-∆Â√À‡±ª± 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ Î¬◊√…±ÚÓ¬ ¤øÓ¬˚˛±› Œ¬Û±ª± (Intermediate Egret), fl¡Ì≈ª± (Woolly-Ne Cked ∆·ÀÂ√ Œfl¡˝◊√√¬ı±È¬±› õ∂Ê√±øÓ¬1 ˆ¬±À˘¸—‡…fl¡ ˙&Ìº Stork), ¬ı1 ˙1±ø˘ (Fulvous Whistling Duck), ¬Ûé¬œ¸˜”˝√√fl¡ øÎ¬¬ıËn∏-∆Â√À‡±ª± 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ Î¬◊√…±Ú1 Œ˙Ú ‰¬1±˝◊√√ (Pied Falconet), ŒÙ“¬‰¬± (Owl), ‚1¬ ¬ıÓ¬±˝√√œ ˜”˘…¬ı±Ú ¸•Û√ ¬ı≈ø˘¬ı ¬Û±ø1º Î¬◊√…±Ú‡Ú1 øÚ¬ı±¸œ Ó¬Ô± (House Swift), ˜±Â√À1±fl¡± Kingfisher), Œ˜Ã‡±Ó¬œ Î¬◊√…±Ú‡Ú1 Œ¸Ãµ˚«¬ıX«Úfl¡±1œ ¤˝◊√√ ¬Ûé¬œ¸˜”À˝√√ øÎ¬¬ıËn∏- (Green Bee-Eater), Ú±˘œ ¬Û±ø‡ Œ‡±ª± (Blue- ∆Â√À‡±ª± 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ Î¬◊√…±Ú1 ’±^«ˆ¬”ø˜ (Wet Land) , Bearded Bee Eater), Œ·±¬ı1 Œ‡±‰¬1± (Hoopoe), Ó‘¬Ìˆ¬”ø˜ (Grass Land) ’±1n∏ ø‰¬1À¸Î¬◊Ê√ ¬ıÚ±øÚ (Ever ÒÀÚ˙ (Hornbill), fl¡±Í¬À1±fl¡± (Wood Pecker), Green Forest) Ó¬ øÚÊ√ øÚÊ√ ¸≈ø¬ıÒ±Ú≈˚±˚˛œ ’±|˚˛ ˆ¬1Ó¬ ¬Ûé¬œ (Lark), Œfl¡˙1±Ê (Spangled Drongo)√, ∆˘ Ô±Àfl¡º ø¬ıø¬ıÒ ¬Ûé¬œÀ˚˛ ø¬ıøˆ¬iß ¶ö±ÚÓ¬ ¬ı±˝√√√√ ¸Ê√±1 fl¡±Í¬˙±ø˘fl¡± (Chestnut-Tailed Starling), 1+¬Û˝√√œ √À1 ‡±√…±ˆ¬…±¸ÀÓ¬± øˆ¬ißÓ¬± ˘é¬… fl¡1± ˚±˚˛º øfl¡Â≈√˜±Ú (Rosy Minivet), 1±Ê√Àfl“¡±ª1 (Black-Naped øÚ1±ø˜¯∏Àˆ¬±Ê√œ ¬Ûé¬œ ’±1n∏ øfl¡Â≈√˜±Ú ’±ø˜¯∏Àˆ¬±Ê√œ Monarch), Ï¬±¬Ûø˘fl¡± (Babbler) , Ú˘-‡±·ø1 ˆ¬±ÀÈ¬Ã ¬Ûé¬œ ’±1n∏ ’±Ú øfl¡Â≈√˜±ÀÚ ’±ø˜¯∏, øÚ1±ø˜¯∏ ≈√À˚˛±ø¬ıÒ (Black - Breasted Parrotbill), ¸1n∏ ·˘˜øÌfl¡± ‡±√…˝◊√√ ¢∂˝√√Ì fl¡À1º Î¬◊√…±Ú‡Ú1 Ê√˘±˙˚˛Ó¬ Œ¬Û±ª± õ∂±˚˛ ˝√√“±ø˝√√˚˛Ó¬œ (Lesser Necklaced Laughing Thrvsh), 80 Ó¬Õfl¡ ’øÒfl¡ Ê√±øÓ¬1 ˜±Â√º øfl¡Â≈√˜±Ú ¬Ûé¬œÀ˚˛ ˜±Â√fl¡ ˝◊√√È¬± &øÎ¬ˇ˚˛± Ú±‰¬Úœ (Ferruginous Flycatcher), ‡±√… ø˝√√‰¬±À¬Û ¢∂˝√√Ì fl¡À1º ˝◊√√˚˛±À1±¬Ûø1 Ê√˘±˙˚˛À¬ı±1Ó¬ Ú±‰¬Úœ ‰¬1±˝◊√√ (White-Throated Fantail), øÈ¬fl¡ ‰¬1±˝◊√√ ¸˝√√Ê√˘ˆ¬… ˙±˜≈fl¡, Œ¬Û±fl¡ ˝◊√√Ó¬…±ø√ Œfl¡Ó¬À¬ı±1 ¬Ûé¬œÀ˚˛ (Bright-Headed Cisticola), ŒÒ“±ª±¬ı1Ìœ˚˛± Ú˘‰¬≈ø¬Û ˆ¬é¬Ì fl¡À1º ˜»¸…Àˆ¬±Ê√œ ¬Ûé¬œ1 ˘·ÀÓ¬ Î¬◊√…±Ú‡ÚÓ¬ Ashy Prinia), 1+¬Û˝√√œ ‰¬˜fl¡± (Jerdon's Bushchat), ˜±—¸Àˆ¬±Ê√œ ¬Ûé¬œ› ’±ÀÂ√ ø˚À¬ı±1 ¸±¬Û, Œ¬ı— ’±ø√1 Ù≈¬˘ÀÈ¬±fl¡± (Scarlet-Backed Flowerpecker), ˘·ÀÓ¬ ø¬ıø¬ıÒ Ê√œª-Ê√c1 ˜1±˙ ‡±˚˛º øfl¡Â≈√¸—‡…fl¡ ¬ıÚø‰¬ø1fl¡± (Eurasian Tree Sparrow), ˆ¬±ÀÈ¬Ã ¬Ûé¬œÀ˚˛ ’±“˝√√Ó¬, Î¬◊ø1˚˛±˜, fl¡1˜, Ú≈øÚ, Œ¬ı±ª±˘ ¬ı± (Parrot), Œ√›˝√√“±˝√√ (White-Winged wood duck), Œ¬ıÀ˝√√1±, Ê√±˜≈fl¡, ¬ı˝√√Ó¬, ‰¬±˜, 1n∏^±é¬ ’±ø√ ø¬ıøˆ¬iß ·Â√1 ˝◊√√Ó¬…±ø√ ¬Ûé¬œ øÎ¬¬ıËn∏-∆Â√À‡±ª± 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ Î¬◊√…±ÚÓ¬ Œ¬Û±ª± &øÈ¬, Ù¬˘˜”˘fl¡ ‡±√… ø˝√√‰¬±À¬Û ¬ı±øÂ√ ∆˘ÀÂ√º Œfl¡Ó¬À¬ı±1 ˚±˚˛º ¤˝◊√√À¬ı±11 Î¬◊¬Ûø1 øÎ¬¬ıËn∏-∆Â√À‡±ª±Ó¬ Bean Goose, ¬Ûé¬œÀ˚˛ ø¬ıøˆ¬iß fl¡œÈ¬-¬ÛÓ¬—· ‡±˝◊√√ Ê√œªÚ Ò±1Ì fl¡À1º Œ√‡±1 fl¡Ô± õ∂fl‘¡øÓ¬Àõ∂˜œ Ê√˚˛Ú±˘ ’±À¬ıø√ÀÚ ’ª·Ó¬ fl¡œÈ¬-¬ÛÓ¬—·Àˆ¬±Ê√œ ¬Ûé¬œÀ˚˛ øÎ¬¬ıËn∏-∆Â√À‡±ª±1 ø¬ıøˆ¬iß fl¡À1º Î¬◊Mê√ ‰¬1±˝◊√√ø¬ıÒ ŒÓ¬›“ øÚÎ¬◊øÊ√À˘G1 Craig Î¬◊»¸1 ¬Û1± ø¸˝√√“Ó¬1 ‡±√… ’±˝√√1Ì fl¡À1º 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ Robson (Birdtour)1 ¸˝√√À˚±·Ó¬ ø‰¬Ú±Mê√ fl¡À1º Î¬◊√…±Ú‡Úfl¡ ø‰¬1À¸Î¬◊Ê√ fl¡ø1 1‡± Œˆ¬1 (Salix) ¬ıÓ«¬˜±Ú ¬ıÚÓ¬ Ôfl¡± ˙&Ì1 ¸—‡…± Î¬◊À¡Z·Ê√Úfl¡ ·ÂÀ¬ı±1fl¡ Œ¬Û±fl¡ ¬Û1n∏ª±1 ˆ¬“1±˘ ¬ı≈ø˘ ’øˆ¬ø˝√√Ó¬ fl¡ø1¬ı ˆ¬±Àª fl¡ø˜ ’˝√√± ¬ı≈ø˘ ¬ı±Ó¬ø1 fl¡±fl¡Ó¬Ó¬ ¬ı±Ó¬ø1 ¬Ûø1À¬ı˙Ú ¬Û±ø1º Œfl¡˝◊√√¬ı±È¬±› õ∂Ê√±øÓ¬1 ¬Ûé¬œÀ˚˛ Œˆ¬1 ·Â√Ó¬ ¬ı±˝√√ fl¡1± ∆˝√√ÀÂ√º ¬ıµœ ’ª¶ö±Ó¬ ˙&Ì1 ¬ı—˙¬ı‘øX1 ¬ı±À¬ı ¬ıíÀ•§ ¸±øÊ√ Ôfl¡±1 ˘·ÀÓ¬ ’¸˜1 1±øÊ√…fl¡ Œ√›˝√√“±À˝√ ŒÚ‰¬À1˘ ø˝√√©Ü1œ Â√‰¬±˝◊√√È¬œ (B N S H) 1 ¸˝√√À˚±·Ó¬ (White-wing wood duck) ¤˝◊√√ ·Â√Ó¬ ¬ı±˝√√ ¸±øÊ√ ’¸˜ ‰¬1fl¡±À1 &ª±˝√√±È¬œ1 ›‰¬11 1±Ìœ ¬ıÚ±=˘Ó¬ Ô±øfl¡¬ıÕ˘ ˆ¬±˘ ¬Û±˚˛º øÎ¬¬ıËn∏-∆Â√À‡±ª± 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ Î¬◊√…±ÀÚ ëˆ¬±˘‰¬±1 fl¡ÚÊ√±1Àˆ¬˙…Ú ¬ıËœøÎ¬— Œ‰¬∞I◊±1í ¶ö±¬ÛÚ fl¡ø1ÀÂ√º Œ·Ã1ª ’Ú≈ˆ¬ª fl¡À1 fl¡±1Ì ¬Û‘øÔªœ1 ø¬ı1˘ Œ√›˝√√“±˝√√ 41 ¤˝◊√√ Î¬◊√…±Ú1 ¬ı≈fl≈¡Ó¬ ¬ıU Œ¬Û±ª± ˚±˚˛º fl≈¡1n∏ª± (Osprey), ø¬ıÀ√˙œ Œ˙Ú (Peregrine Falcon), Î¬◊√…±Ú‡Ú1 ¬Ûé¬œfl≈¡˘1 ∆¬ıø˙©Ü, Œ¸Ãµ˚« ¸≈fl¡œ˚˛± ¸Ú…±¸œ ‰¬1±˝◊√√ (Common coot), Œ¸Î¬◊Ê√œ˚˛± ¬ı±ø˘ ¸≈fl¡œ˚˛±º ¤˝◊√√¸˜”˝√√ ¬Ûé¬œ1 fl¡±fl¡ø˘Ó¬ ˜≈‡ø1Ó¬ ˝√√˚˛ øÎ¬¬ıËn∏- Œ‚“±1± (Northern Lapwing), ¸±·1 ø‰¬˘Úœ (Black ∆Â√À‡±ª± 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ Î¬◊√…±Ú‡Úº øÎ¬¬ıËn∏-∆Â√À‡±ª±1 ¬Ûé¬œ1 Headed Gull), √œ‚˘ ŒÚÊ√œ ›1±‡±Ó¬œ (Long- ¬Û‘øÔªœÓ¬ Œ˝√√1±˝◊√√ ∆· Î¬◊¬ÛÀˆ¬±· fl¡ø1¬ı ¬Û±ø1 Ê√œªÚ1 Tailed Shrike), ¤1±‡±Ó¬œ (Grey-Backed ¸≈fl¡œ˚˛± ˜±√fl¡Ó¬±º ¤˝◊√√ Î¬◊√…±Ú‡ÚÕ˘ Œfl¡˝◊√√¬ı±¬ı±À1± ’˝√√± Shrike), ˜≈·± ¤1±‡±Ó¬œ (Brown Shrike), ¸1n∏ ’±À˜ø1fl¡±1 ¬Ûé¬œø¬ı√ (Ben king) Œ˚˛ ∆fl¡ÀÂ√ñ Œ‡±¬Û±øÓ¬ (White Bel Lied Yuhina), ˝√√±ø¬ı˘≈È≈¬1± ‘‘Bibru-Saikhowa is the paradise of brides’’º (Nepal Fulvetta), ·˘˜øÌfl¡± Ú±‰¬Úœ (Red- ¬Ûø1w˜œ ¬Ûé¬œ1 ’øÓ¬øÔ˙±˘± øÎ¬¬ıËn∏-∆Â√À‡±ª± – Throated Flycather), Úœ˘± Ú±‰¬Úœ Slaty-Blue ˙œÓ¬1 ’±·˜Ú1 ’±·Ê√±ÚøÚÀ1 øÎ¬¬ıËn∏-∆Â√À‡±ª± 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ Flycatcher), Úœ˘fl¡Fœ (Blue Throat), ‰¬˜fl¡± ‰¬1±˝◊√√ Î¬◊√…±ÚÕ˘ ’±·˜Ú ‚ÀÈ¬ ø¬ıøˆ¬iß ¶ö±Ú1 ø¬ıø¬ıÒ ¬Ûé¬œ1º (Daurian Redstarik) , Úœ˘± √ø˝√√fl¡Ó¬1± (White ’Ú…±Ú… Í¬±˝◊√√1 ˘·ÀÓ¬ ˘±Î¬±‡ƒ, ˝◊√√©Ü±Ì« ø˝√√˜±˘˚˛, Tailed Robin), ø˙˘fl¡Ó¬1± (Stonechat), fl≈¡ø˘ Â√±˝◊√√À¬ıø1˚˛±1 ¬Ûé¬œ Œ¬ıøÂ√Õfl¡ ’˝√√±1 Ó¬Ô… Œ¬Û±ª± ∆·ÀÂ√º [Cuckoo), ˝◊√√Ó¬…±ø√ ¬Ûé¬œ øÎ¬¬ıËn∏-∆Â√À‡±ª±Õ˘ ˙œÓ¬fl¡±˘Ó¬ ’¸˜Õ˘ ≈√È¬± õ∂Ê√±øÓ¬1 ¬ı±ø˘˜±˝√√œ1 ’øÓ¬øÔ1+À¬Û ’˝√√±1 ˘·ÀÓ¬ ’¸˜1 ¤fl¡˜±S ¬Ûø1w˜œ (Wagtail) ’±·˜Ú ‚ÀÈ¬º øÎ¬¬ıËn∏-∆Â√À‡±ª± 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ ŒÙ“¬‰¬±-fl¡±Ì‰≈¬øÈ¬ ŒÙ“¬‰¬± (Short-Eared Owl) › øÎ¬¬ıËn∏- Î¬◊√…±Ú1 ·±ÀÓ¬ ˘±ø· Ôfl¡± ˜Ó¬±¬Û≈— ˜±&1œ ø¬ı˘ ≈√‡Úfl¡ ∆Â√À‡±ª±Õ˘ ˙œÓ¬fl¡±ø˘ ’±À˝√√º ¬Ûø1w˜œ ¬Ûé¬œ1 1˜…ˆ¬”ø˜ ¬ı≈ø˘¬ı ¬Û±ø1º ˜Ó¬±¬Û≈— - ¤˝◊√√¸˜”˝√√ ¬Ûé¬œ1 ‡±√…±ˆ¬…±À¸± øˆ¬Ú øˆ¬Úº ˜±&1œfl¡ Important Bird Area (IBA) 1+À¬Û Î¬◊√…±Ú‡Ú1 Ê√˘±˙˚˛Ó¬ Œ¬Û±ª± ˜±Â√, ˙±˜≈fl¡, Œ¬Û±fl¡, ·Â√- ’øˆ¬ø˝√√Ó¬ fl¡1± ∆˝√√ÀÂ√ ’±1n∏ ¬Ûé¬œø¬ı√ øSê‰¬ƒ Œfl¡Ê√ø˜¤ÀÂ√fl¡ ˘Ó¬±1 Ù¬˘-˜”˘, &øÈ¬, fl¡œÈ¬-¬ÛÓ¬—· ’±ø√ ¤˝◊√√ ’±1n∏ 1±Ê√ ø¸—1 ‘A Bird Watchers Guide to ¬Ûé¬œ¸˜”˝√√1 ‡±√…1 Ó¬±ø˘fl¡±Ó¬ ’ôLˆ¬≈«Mê√º øÎ¬¬ıËn∏- India’ Ú±˜1 øfl¡Ó¬±¬Û‡ÚÓ¬ ¤˝◊√√ ø¬ı˘ ≈√‡Ú1 Î¬◊À~‡ ∆Â√À‡±ª±Õ˘ ’˝√√± ¬Ûø1w˜œ ¬Ûé¬œ¸˜”À˝√√ Œ˜±ø˝√√Ó¬ fl¡À1 ’±ÀÂ√º õ∂fl‘¡øÓ¬Àõ∂˜œ Ó¬Ô± ¬Ûé¬œø¬ı√¸fl¡˘fl¡º ’øÓ¬øÔ ¬Ûé¬œ ˙œÀÓ¬ ¬ı1Ù≈¬1 qfl≈¡˘± ’±ª1ÀÌÀ1 Œ˚øÓ¬˚˛± øÚ1œé¬Ì1 ¬ı±À¬ı› øÎ¬¬ıËn∏-∆Â√À‡±ª±Ó¬ øˆ¬1 fl¡À1ø˝√√ ¬ıU õ∂fl‘¡øÓ¬fl¡ ’±¬ı‘M√√ fl¡ø1 ŒÓ¬±À˘, ŒÓ¬øÓ¬˚˛± ¶§±ˆ¬±øªfl¡ÀÓ¬ ¬Û˚«È¬Àfl¡º ‡±√…1 Ú±È¬øÚ ˝√√˚˛º ¤ÀÚ ¬Ûø1ø¶öøÓ¬Ó¬ ¬Ûé¬œÀ˚˛ ¬Ûø1w˜Ì ˙œÓ¬ fl¡±À˘ õ∂fl‘¡øÓ¬fl¡ Œ¸Ãµ˚«1 ’˘—fl¡±1 fl¡À1 ‡±√…1 ¸g±ÚÓ¬ ø¬ıøˆ¬iß ¶ö±ÚÕ˘º øÎ¬¬ıËn∏-∆Â√À‡±ª± ø¬Ûg±˚˛º ˙œÀÓ¬ Œ˚Ú ’±˜±1 ¬ı±À¬ı ˆ¬1¬Û”1 Œ¸Ãµ˚«1 ˆ¬±1 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ Î¬◊√…±ÚÓ¬ ¬Ûø1w˜œ ¬Ûé¬œÀ˚˛ õ∂Àª˙ fl¡À1ø˝√√ ‡±√…1 ∆¬ı ’±ÀÚº øÎ¬¬ıËn∏-∆Â√À‡±ª± 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ Î¬◊√…±ÀÚ ˙œÓ¬1 ¬ı±À¬ı˝◊√√º ø˙ª˝√√“±˝√√ (Great Crested Grebe), ¬ı·±ÀÏ¬1± Œ¸Ãµ˚«À1 ’ÚÚ… 1+¬Û ¬Ûø1¢∂˝√√Ì fl¡À1 ’±1n∏ ¬Ûø1w˜œ (Great White Pelican), ¬ı·œ¸±À1— Oriental ¬Ûé¬œÀ˚˛ ¤˝◊√√ Œ¸Ãµ˚«fl¡ ¬ı±À11˝√√Ìœ˚˛± fl¡ø1 ŒÓ¬±À˘º Stork), fl‘¡¯û ¸±À1— (Black Stork), Ò‘Ó¬1±Ê√ (Bar- ¸˜˚˛1 ¬ı˘≈fl¡±Ó¬ Œ˝√√1±˝◊√√ ˚±¬ı ŒÚøfl¡ øÎ¬¬ıËn∏- Headed Goose), ‰¬±Õfl¡ ‰¬Àfl¡±ª± (Ruddy ∆Â√À‡±ª±∑ – øÎ¬¬ıËn∏-∆Â√À‡±ª± 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ Î¬◊√…±Ú‡Ú1 ø¬ı¯∏À˚˛, shelduck) , √œ‚˘ÀÚÊ√œ˚˛± (Narthern Pintail), ˝◊√√˚˛±1 ’Ú…Ó¬˜ ’±fl¡¯∏«Ì ¬Ûé¬œ1 ø¬ı¯∏À˚˛ ¤˝◊√√ Œ˘‡±Ó¬ øfl¡Â≈√ 42 fl¡Ô± ’¬ı·Ó¬ fl¡1±1 õ∂˚˛±¸ fl¡1± ∆˝√√ÀÂ√ ˚ø√› ¤˝◊√√ Î¬◊√…±Ú1 õ∂fl‘¡øÓ¬Àõ∂˜œ ¸—·Í¬ÀÚ Î¬◊√…±Ú‡Ú ¸≈1øé¬Ó¬ fl¡ø1 1‡±1 õ∂±fl‘¡øÓ¬fl¡ Œ¸Ãµ˚«fl¡ ˙sÓ¬ ¬ıµœ fl¡1±1 √é¬Ó¬± Œ˜±1 ¬ı±À¬ı ’±·¬ı±øÏ¬ˇ ’±ø˝√√ÀÂ√º ˝◊√√˚˛±1 ˘·ÀÓ¬ ˚ø√ ¬Û±ù«´ªÓ«¬œ Ú±˝◊√√º ‘√ø©Ü Ô˜øfl¡ Œ1±ª± Œ¸Ãµ˚« Î¬◊¬ÛÀˆ¬±· fl¡ø1¬ıÕ˘ 1±˝◊√√Ê√ Ó¬Ô± ’±˜±1 ’fl¡Ì˜±Ú ¸˝√√+√˚˛Ó¬± ¸—À˚±øÊ√Ó¬ øõ∂˚˛ ¬Û±Í¬fl¡, øÎ¬¬ıËn∏-∆Â√À‡±ª± 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ Î¬◊√…±ÚÕ˘ ¤¬ı±1 ˝√√˚˛, ŒÓ¬ÀôL ∆¬ıø˙©Ü…, Œ¸Ãµ˚« Œ˝√√1n∏ª±˝◊√√ Î¬◊‰≈¬ø¬Û¬ı Ú±˘±À· ’±˝√√fl¡º Î¬◊√…±Ú‡ÀÚº ¤‡Ú 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ Î¬◊√…±ÀÚ ¬ÛÀ1±é¬ ’±1n∏ ø¬ıøˆ¬iß ˜”˘…¬ı±Ú ¸•ÛÀ√À1 ¸˜‘X øÎ¬¬ıËn∏-∆Â√À‡±ª± õ∂Ó¬…é¬ˆ¬±Àª ’±˜±fl¡ øfl¡ øfl¡ Î¬◊¬Û˝√√±1 ø√¬ı ¬Û±À1 Ó¬±fl¡ 1±©Ü™œ˚˛ Î¬◊√…±Ú‡ÀÚ› ¸ij≈‡œÚ ∆˝√√ÀÂ√ ¬ıU ¸˜¸…±1º ¤˝◊√√ Œ√±˝√1±1 õ∂À˚˛±Ê√Ú øÚ(˚˛ Ú±˝◊√√º ’øÓ¬Àfl¡ ¬Ûø1Ó¬±¬Û1 Î¬◊√…±Ú‡Ú1 ¸—¬ıÒ«Ú ’±1n∏ ¸—1é¬Ì1 √±ø˚˛Q Œfl¡ª˘ ø¬ı¯∏˚˛ ˝√√í¬ı, ’±ø˜ ˚ø√ ’±˜±1 ˆ¬øª¯∏…Ó¬ õ∂Ê√ijfl¡ ‰¬1fl¡±1À1˝◊√√ Ê√±ÀÚ±∑ Î¬◊√…±Ú‡Ú ¸≈1øé¬Ó¬ fl¡1±1 √±ø˚˛Q fl¡í¬ı˘·œ˚˛± ˝√√˚˛ñ ˝◊√√˚˛±Ó¬ ¤‡Ú Î¬◊√…±Ú ’±øÂ√˘º ˜≈ø©ÜÀ˜˚˛ ‰¬1fl¡±1œ fl¡˜«‰¬±1œ ¸fl¡˘1 ›¬Û1Ó¬ Ú…ô¶ fl¡1± Î¬◊√…±Ú‡ÚÓ¬ ¬ıU ˜”˘…¬ı±Ú ·Â√-·Â√øÚ, ¬Ûq-¬Ûé¬œ ∆˝√√ÀÂ√ ˚ø√› ’±ø˜› ŒÓ¬›“À˘±fl¡Õ˘ ¸˝√√±˚˛1 ˝√√±Ó¬ ’±øÂ√˘º ø¬ıø¬ıÒ õ∂Ê√±øÓ¬1 ˜±Â√, fl¡±Â√˝◊√√ Ê√˘±˙˚˛1 ŒÊ√Î¬◊øÓ¬ ’±·¬ıÀÏ¬ˇ±ª±ÀÈ¬± Î¬◊ø‰¬Ó¬ Ú˝√√˚˛ÀÚ∑ ¬ıÓ«¬˜±ÀÚ ø¬ıøˆ¬iß ‰¬1±˝◊√√øÂ√˘...º

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50 Curzons, Miri and Kaziranga

Ramani Kanta Deka

While tracing the history of Kaziranga India was destined to stand out with special National Park, one must name a few luminar- prominence and elegance. ies who contributed immensely to its forma- Lord Curzon introduced a lot of reforms tion. They are Lord and Lady Curzon, Chief in university education and promoted techni- Commissioner B. Fuller and Mahi Chandra cal education in India with a courageous vi- Miri etc. In January, 1899, the honourable sion. His concept of Indian railways develop- George Nathaniel Curzon assumed the charge ment on commercial lines was a very enlight- of Governor General of India. When he left ened one. He was aware of the devastation England he was in his fortieth year and had caused in India by the worst famines. He was served in Lord Salisbury's government as of the opinion that if one could use just two Under Secretary both for India and foreign percent of the colossai waste of river waters affairs. Prior to his appointment as Viceroy, flowing idly into the sea, one could hope to he visited India four times and penned three sustain millions of lives in a country where rain marvellous books concerning Asian affairs. He does not always fall where it is more needed. was a distinguished administrator with extraor- Lord Curzon had great appreciation for dinary talent, competency in this context cel- India's glorious past and his outstanding ebrated journalist Durga Das’s famous book achievement was the organization of the All `FROM CURZON TO NEHRU' may rightly India Archaeological Department for preser- be quoted - "Both Nehru and curzon were vation of ancient monuments and priceless patrician intellectuals endowed with an abun- heirlooms. Wherever he went, he insisted on dance of gifts- possessing great personal visiting the antiquities, whether they were the charm, brilliance of mind, the capacity for fire- temples of Madurai, the caves of Ajanta or less work and above all, the eternal boyish- the Taj at Agra. Lord Curzon founded the ness. "It is said that before Curzon, no Vice- Imperial Library in Calcutta, which was in- roy or ex-civil servant had ever taken up his tended to be the British Museum Library of office with so full and extensive knowledge the East. Lord Curzon initiated the move to regarding the problems to be faced in India. secure the mountain kingdom Nepal's permis- Hence Lord Curzon's tenure as Viceroy of sion for scaling Mount Everest.

51 Lord Curzon's wife Mary Victoria Leiter then upper Assam. Curzon (1870-1906) was daughter of a Chi- The epoch making event of Kazaringa cago businessman Levi Leiter who made his forest was the visit of Lady Curzon, who was fortune in dry goods and real estate. As often deeply committed to the cause of the preser- happened in the 19th Century, the American vation of rare wild animals. Her mission at heiress married a British nobleman. She was Kaziranga was to see the rare Asian rhino. extremely beautiful. Years later Lord Curzon But alas! She could see only the hoof marks arrived in Bombay in SS Arabia on Decem- of a rhino. But she persuaded the government ber 30th, 1898 with his beautiful American wife for its conservation, the fruition of which was and two baby daughters. seen in 1905 when Kaziranga was declared Lord Curzon came to Assam in Decem- as proposed Reserve Forest, at the instance ber 1900, accompanied by lady Curzon, by a of Sir B. Fuller, the Chief Commissioner of special steamer. He was received at Assam. This set the ball rolling for the conser- Northbrook gate with pomp and grandeur by vation of rhinos and the rest is history. Sir John Stedman Henry Cotton the Chief In this context, I must mention the name Commissioner of Assam and other dignitaries of Mahi Chandra Miri whose presence in the including Manik Chandra Baruah, one of the Kazaringa Game Sanctuary of yesteryears was most eminent leaders of Assam. There was fortuitous so to speak, as the first Indian Of- great sensation at Guwahati in habited by six ficer. He was born in 1903 at village Alimur, thousand inhabitants on the occasion of situated at Dhakuakhana sub-division. He was Curzon’s visit. Guwahati, a hamlet at that time born and brought up in the midst of scenic was decorated for the occasion. Mention may beauty of Nature replete with flora and fauna. be made that a public ovation was offered to Such forces of nature shaped his young mind. him. Rai Bahadur B.A. Jagannath Baruah He possessed a robust figure and mind. He read the welcome address. was a brilliant student and passed his matricu- Sir Henry Cotton, who was a liberal lation examination in 1923 from Sibsagar Govt. minded man and who loved Assam, com- H.E. School and graduated from Cotton Col- plained before Lord Curzon that the Govern- lege with honours in Physics in 1927. In Cot- ment of India treated Assam as Cindrella. Lord ton College he showed his skill in sports and Curzon, in his later days, when he wrote his Professor PC Roy a sportsman parexcellence autobiography published in 1916, enquired was very fond of him. He was not only aca- whether Assam was still a Cindrella. demically brilliant but also an expert in shoot- As per Padma Nath Gohain Baruah's his- ing, fishing, elephant riding, and snake catch- tory of Assam published in 1902, Curzon and ing. his entourage visited Tezpur, Dibrugarh, Soon after his graduation, he got the cov- Margherita, Ledo too besides Guwahati eted post of Extra Assistant Conservator of (Gauhati) and thus penetrated deep into the Forest of Assam along with late Madhab

52 Bhattacharjee. In 1928-29, both the officers was told by Late Smt. Indira Miri, the remark- were sent to Rangoon for training. In the mid able wife of Mahi Chandra that while he 30s Mahi Chandra Miri was sent to Bagori of served at Bagori range, once his English DFO Kaziranga Game Sanctuary to look after the misbehaved with him undeservedly. This hurt long neglected sanctuary. His posting there was Miri so much that he at once submitted his a historic one and since then, the sanctuary resignation to the DFO. The latter realized his got a new lease of life. He took up the difficult fault and apologized to him. task of surveying and organizing the Game Mrs. Indira Miriwhen she was in the Sanctuary. EP Gee , author of Wild life of In- evening of her life and spent her days at her dia, hailed him as the man who put Kaziranga Silpukhuri residence once told me that when on the world map. It is a fact that Mahi her late lamented husband Mahi Miri stayed Chandra moved heaven and earth to make the at Bagari to look after Game sanctuary he Asiatic Rhinoceros known throughout the came into contact with legendray Chandra world. By virtue of his constant vigil and hard Phukan, Mauzadar of Kuthori who was a ver- labour, he put a check on the illegal activities satile genius besides being actor, dramatist, of poachers who roamed freely in then inac- brilliant table talker and a man of encyclopae- cessible jungles of Kaziranga. He used to get dic knowledge. Both of them exchanged their up at dawn and the kept vigil on the sanctuary ideas about protection of the Game Sanctu- to check poaching on elephant back. He used ary. to sit on the top of a hill in the adjacent Karbi E. P Gee tea planter turned naturalist had Anglong district and as soon as he saw poach- great respect for Mahi Miri A.J.W Milroy a ers, he rushed on elephant back to catch them devoted and courageous forester of Assam at the risk of his life. That is why the area has under whose energetic leadership Kaziranga been named after him by the forest depart- marched ahead and who opened Kaziranga ment of Assam. A watchtower was also built for visitors in 1938, had great respect for late there. In 1972 when this writer served as Rev- lamented Miri. enue Officer at Phulony Circle of Karbi But alas! Mahi Chandra caught black wa- Anaglong district, this hill was formally handed ter fever and succumbed to his death, leaving over to the DFO of Kazirabga wild life Sanc- behind his young wife and children on July 29, tuary. Mahi Chandra was a man of honour. I 1939. Thus, ended the life of a young and bril- was told by Late Smt. Indira Miri, the remark- liant Assamese forest officer. His untimely de- able. Mahi Chandra was a man of honour. I mise was undoubtedly a great loss to Assam.

Ramani Kanta Deka, Ex President of Kaziranga Wildlife Society writes regularly on wildlife conservation and on verious important topics of by-gone days. Moblie No. 98640-87159

53 Kaziranga : Conservation vs Tourism

Mubina Akhtar

To former England cricketer Phil Tufnell gramme 2020. The present rhino population the one-horned rhino was something quite in the Park is a little over 2,500. The in- 'boring and ugly'. But he was soon to change crease in the number of this pre historic his mind. The cricketer who was invited to pachyderm has also increased poaching ac- join a BBC team assigned to make a docu- tivities. There have been cases of rhino kill- mentary on Kaziranga National Park (KNP), ing grabbing headlines every other day. Trans- changed his description of the Unicorns from location of rhinos to other parts remains a 'boring and ugly' to 'cute and fascinating' when daunting task as ideal rhino habitats like he actually happened to see the pachyderm Pobitora, Manas and Dibru-Saikhowa are taking a trudge under the elephant grass. even more vulnerable. Already a translocated "When you (have) seen them up close and rhino in Manas had lost its life after it strayed studied them for a while, they are both cute out of the Sanctuary recently. Field level forest and fascinating. Seeing them in their own habi- personnel complain of inadequate patrolling tat was amazing- --it is where they belong staff. With insufficient frontline staff, it is a and we should do everything we can to pro- colossal task for a few people to be con- tect them"- --Tufnell was quoted as saying. stantly on guard against human rapacity and Not only Tufnell, who was part of the this March forest guards on the sandbars of BBC team for the 10- episode fundraiser, Majuli, keeping vigil on a staying rhino that Kaziranga mesmerizes each and every visi- was badly injured by a mob, found the task tor romancing with its beauty and compels exhausting--they threw in the towel after to pledge for its protection. The centurian chopping off the horn from the living rhino! Sanctuary has many more instances. An ideal habitat for breeding of rhinos, Although, conservation continued to be Kaziranga has seen a rise in the number of the keyword for KNP, over the years the the species. The animal shrugged off its 'en- objective seemed to lose its priority owing dangered' tag soon its population crossed to tourist pressure. It is also a fact that the 2000 mark. The target figure is 3000 by Kaziranga earns the distinction of being that 2020 under Indian Rhino Vision (IRV) pro- rare destination where one can see a number

54 of species together within a very short time. pressure from the Central Government to This unique abode of the one -horned rhino, impose restrictions on the flow of tourists to as well as many rare and endemic species, the National Park. Bowing to the guidelines, has been projected more as a 'tourist desti- Park authorities decided to declare. a 430 nation' by the state forest department. As a sq. km. area of the Park as core area where result, hospitality measures found topmost the flow of the tourists would be restricted. priority while other infrastructure develop- But the protesters were of the view that the ment essential for conservation purpose were project would deprive the unemployed in- sidelined. The tourist season has become volved in the jeep safari and hotel business longer. The Jeep Safari Association had even and also asserting that the rhino was more requested the Park authorities to start the important for Kaziranga than the tigers. season with the start of Puja holidays. Con- Rhino or tiger - while that debate over servationists allege that jeep safaris were Kaziranga continued -- the Supreme Court, allowed inside the park when repair of roads stepping in to save the tiger, directed that and bridges were still in progress. The over- there shall be no tourism activity in the core crowded tourist seasons coupled with a areas of tiger reserves across the country. continuous flow of researchers, experts, The apex court was hearing a PIL, filed by scholars, activists round the year has become conservationist Ajay Dubey that prompted a challenge in itself for conservation of wild- the interim ban on commercial tourism ac- life. That Kaziranga has lost its tranquility tivities on July 24, 2012. Earlier, a court order can be studied from the behaviour of the had asked the reserves to notify buffer zones, Park inmates. There were incidents when a 10-km stretch around the core area that tourists -- even forest guards -- were killed could be permitted for tourism. The Ministry by rhinos, jumbos and wild buffaloes… of Environment and Forests (MoEF) noted What we have to remember is that only that the high profile tourist facilities around an exclusive four per cent of our landmass wildlife areas in recent years has led to ex- has been set aside for wildlife as protected ploitation, degradation, disturbance and mis- areas. The basic purpose of creation of the use of fragile ecosystems and ensuring "fur- protected areas network of our country has ther alienation of local people". to be conservation, not tourism promotion. According to experts, the big cat needs Kaziranga, too, falls in this exclusive four a wide home range that requires a sizeable percent protected area. ecologically undisturbed area to breed. The With the National Park given an added requirement being 800 to 1200kms for every Tiger Project status in 2006, protests sur- 20 tiger. The Supreme Court is simply en- faced in the World Heritage Site---for the forcing these Project Tiger guidelines. On the tiger project status would threaten the tour- other hand, tour operators as well as a sec- ism and hospitality industry. There had been tion of conservationists are opposing the ban

55 saying that not too many animals are sighted received the second installment of Rs in the buffer areas. This would dishearten 1441.106 lakh in 2010-2011. Another Rs tourists. Keeping tourists out of the core 426.168 lakh where sanctioned for the areas means lesser tourist footfalls that would project during the 2011-12 fiscal year. Funds go against the interest of local people as well are also pouring from national agencies like as the protection of the tiger itself! Integrated Development of Wildlife habitats. The Supreme Court ban on "commer- Recently, the Central Government has in- cial tourism" in core areas of tiger reserves creased its fund quota to the tiger project. has largely been welcomed by conservation- Earlier it was fifty percent by the state gov- ists. Of late, the tiger tourism business has ernment and fifty percent by the Centre. The been in the eye of the storm as the hospital- new ratio is 90:10. ity industry-- involving big names-- were Project Tiger has given Rs 4.27 crore raking in the moolah using 'public property' in the last financial year to KNP for initiating after securing the traditional rights of the forest protection measures during floods. fringe community. It is now expected that, as While funds came pouring in news of per guidelines, the state governments would fund misappropriation and rampant corrup- be required to set up local advisory commit- tion in the department continued to hit the tees that would monitor the implementation headlines. Infrastructure development for of state-level eco-tourism strategy in the conservation activities inside the park took a national parks and sanctuaries as well as backseat. On May 30, 2012, the state for- monitor tourist facilities within 5km of the est and environment department published a wildlife areas. full page advertisement of department's Kaziranga boasts to have the highest achievements in the last eleven years. Under density of tigers in the world. A census car- the head of infrastructure development the ried on by a local NGO found 70 tigers on department has shown 718 km road con- camera trapping in about half the area of the struction inside forest areas, repair of 685 National Park. The Park area has almost km of road, 450 bridges, construction of 355 doubled with several extensions and stands different buildings and a new headquarter at 860 sq km. KNP, with its elevation to a building for the department in Guwahati, 70 tiger reserve, started receiving huge funds forest camps, purchase of 181 motor cars, from national and international sources di- two hundred wireless sets, 300 cell phones, rected to its tiger project along with its regu- 648 fire arms, 101 computers, 105 GPS etc. lar quota of central and state funds. Assam Few people in this region will disagree that was given a total of Rs 1368.451 lakh as a it is not construction of buildings for the top first installment of central funds to its three ranking officials of the state forest depart- tiger projects (Kaziranga, Manas and ment, what was needed inside the park was Nameri) during 2004-05 to 2008-09. KNP high raised platforms for the animals to take

56 shelter during the floods. It is not computers process quite a number of wildlife got killed but essentially boats that are needed for res- or injured by speeding vehicles on the high- cue parties in the far reaches of the parks. way. On the other hand, the marooned wild- Flood is not a new phenomenon for the life taking shelter near human settlements got Kaziranga National Park. In fact, grassland killed indiscriminately. Carcasses of rhinos and savannahs occur in riparian flats inun- were recovered with their horns cut off. The dated by the floodwater of the Brahmaputra. body of a 3/4 month old baby rhino was These grasslands are unique natural vegeta- rescued from Haldibari area. Forest guards tion and the combination of these grasslands, shot dead a charging buffalo. The guards swamp forests and marsh form the ideal complained of inadequate frontline staff as habitat for the rhino, elephant, swamp deer well as a minimal number of boats that stalled and the Asiatic buffalo. rescue operations. However, this year's flood left a trail of The state forest department put the disaster quite unmatched. It also brought out number of animals died in KNP at 559. The an array of questions for the state forest casualties include 14 rhinos, one elephant, department. Why they failed to take up pre- 10 swamp deer, 30 wild boar, five porcu- cautionary measures even after Rs 4.27 crore pines, two hog badgers, two gaurs, and one was given to KNP in the last financial year fox. Two days later, the Union Ministry of for initiating protection measures during floods Environment and Forest while reviewing the by Project Tiger? Why hospitality measures flood situation in Kaziranga National Park gained priority inside the KNP than conser- advised the state government to declare the vation measures? Where are the frontline staff adjoining Karbi Anglong Wildlife Sanctuary the department claimed to have filled up? as a Tiger Reserve to enable adequate pro- Absence of infrastructure facilities and tection. insufficient manpower brought doom for a The Union Ministry (MoEF) report while sizable wildlife population in Kaziranga. Since confirming the death of 612 wild animals in June 26, reports of casuality figures poured the floods, also claimed that only three rhi- in alarmingly. While the flood level of the nos have fallen prey to poachers, while the Brahmaputra, flowing through the north of rest 14 have died due to old age. On the the KNP crossed the danger level at contrary investigations showed it was not old Dhansirimukh , 90 percent of the Park got age but acute flood crisis inside the park inundated. With rising water level most of during the deluge that claimed the lives of a the existing highlands inside park were sub- number of adult rhinos. merged and animals including elephants, buf- Kaziranga is said to be the jewel in the faloes, rhinos, deer, wild boars were seen crown of Assam's green assets. However crossing the NH 37 to take shelter on the the current wave of floods worked as an eye Karbi Anglong Hills in the south. But in the opener that brought out the real picture of

57 the conservation status inside the KNP. It is Elephant Reserve. Equally disturbing is the important to note here that the World Her- aggressive organized encroachment by illegal itage Committee in 2009, sought a report on migrants with political backing. Encroachment the state of conservation by the state forest by tea gardens, coupled with illegal logging department on the Kaziranga National Park. have eroded vast stretches of the prime wild- The Central Government was to inform the life habitat. Unchecked growth of the hospi- heritage committee that operational and fi- tality industry in close confines of the park is nancial arrangements are in place. The re- destroying the once placid pristine ambience. port, it is believed, must include the 'pres- A joint paper by UNESCO and United sures' like floods , commercial activities, cli- Nations Foundation– Opportunities and mate change, change in land-use patterns and Challenges for Kaziranga National Park over development of roadways. the Next Fifty Years-in 2005 had already The forest department has not been able warned about the future threats to the park. to induct new blood in the services since The paper said that the continued survival of 1991 as fresh requirements are banned. The KNP over the next century and consolida- ageing staff with limited capacity to work tion of the conservation successes achieved hard and cope up with the heavy pressure of in the last hundred years will depend, to a the varied class of duties has created man- largely on what happens beyond the Park's agement problems. The staff has to work boundaries and also on ensuring that man- round the clock as most of the forest offend- agement options elsewhere, in the river and ers and poachers operate during the night in the surrounding landscape do not under- hours. The excessive pressure and lack of mine the ecology and integrity of the park. basic amenities and living conditions particu- The recent deluge in KNP and Dibru- larly in the fur-flung remote areas have re- Saikhowa (home to wild horse and rare avian sulted in a lot of frustration. The most critical species) reiterated this lack of simple vision factor leading to frustration and general em- by the state forest department. The myopic pathetic attitude of the frontline staff is the forest policies kept aside, it was equally general neglect and limited avenues of pro- surprising to note why some of the leading motion. The situation is further aggravated NGOs, constantly working with the forest by the political interference on transfers and department, stayed away from advising the posting and there are no fixed tenure for the forest department on taking up adequate frontline staff to man difficult situations. measures for these two flood-prone wildlife The threats to the park has been envis- habitats. and Dibru-Saikhowa. Since June 26, aged in the setting up of industries within or reports of casuality figures poured in alarm- adjacent to the park as well as quarrying ingly. While the flood level of the and mining activities in the 'No Development Brahmaputra, flowing through the north of Zone' around Kaziranga and Karbi Anglong the KNP crossed the danger level at

58 Dhansirimukh , 90 percent of the park got government to declare the adjoining Karbi inundated. With rising water level most of Anglong Wildlife Sanctuary as a Tiger Re- the existing highlands inside park were sub- serve to enable adequate protection. The merged and animals including elephants, buf- Union Ministry also came up with their list of faloes, rhinos, deer, wild boars were seen casualty that puts the figure at plus 600. crossing the NH 37 to take shelter on the However, unofficial sources confirmed Karbi Anglong Hills in the south. But in the the death toll in and around Kaziranga to process quite a number of wildlife got killed have crossed thousands. The same story or injured by speeding vehicles on the high- repeated a few hundred kilometers away from way. On the other hand, the marooned wild- Kaziranga at Dibru-Saikhowa. The electronic life taking shelter near human settlements got media showed forest guards almost reaching killed indiscriminately. In Dibru-Saikhowa their retiring age, unable even to carry their venison became a most sought after delicacy rifles, let alone going a rescue patrol taking in the Upper Assam tours of Tinsukia, their hands off the whole rescue business. Digboi, Duliajan during the current wave of The department office was seen submerged floods. under flood water. The park faces double In KNP carcasses of rhinos were re- peril from erosion and human habitations in covered with their horns cut off. The body its core area. of a 3/4 month old baby rhino was rescued The Dibru-Saikhowa National Park, from Haldibari area. Forest guards shot dead located on the easternmost tip of Assam had a charging buffalo. The guards complained an original notified area of 340 square of inadequate frontline staff as well as a kilometer. The park's present area is 242.7 minimal number of boats that stalled rescue sq km. Surrounded by six rivers Lohit, operations. Dibang and Dibru on the south the park is The state forest department put the facing a major threat in the form of erosion number of animals died in KNP at 559. The . With only some 20 odd frontline staff the casualties include 14 rhinos, one elephant, park is struggling for its survival. According 10 swamp deer, 30 wild boar, five porcu- to local NGOs, the recent wave of floods pines, two hog badgers, two gaurs, and one had given a death blow to the exotic reserve fox. The state forest minister instead of tak- of flora and fauna, more specially a bird ing of responsibility for the catastrophe went watcher's paradise. on to give the casualty figures inside KNP The central (MoEF) report while con- during 1988 and 1998 floods that stood at firming the death of 612 wild animals in the 1023 and 652 respectively. Two days later, floods, also claimed that only three rhinos the Union Ministry of Environment and For- have fallen prey to poachers, while the rest est while reviewing the flood situation in 14 have died due to old age. On the con- Kaziranga National Park advised the state trary findings by journalist Chandan Kumar

59 Duarah asserted it was not old age but acute poachers operate during the night hours. The flood crisis inside the park during the deluge excessive pressure and lack of basic ameni- that claimed the lives of a number of adult ties and living conditions particularly in the rhinos. fur-flung remote areas have resulted in a lot Kaziranga is said to be the jewel in the of fraustation. The most critical factor lead- crown of Assam's green assets. However ing to fraustation and general empathetic the current wave of floods worked as an eye attitude of the frontline staff is there general opener that brought out the real picture of neglect and limited avenues of promotion. the conservation status inside the KNP. It is The situation is further aggravated by the important to note here that the World Her- political interference on transfers and post- itage Committee in 2009, sought a report ing and there are no fixed tenure for the on the state of conservation by the state frontline staff to man difficult situations. forest department on the Kaziranga National The inauguration of the tourist season Park. The Central Government was to in- In Kaziranga saw 180 home guards deputed form the heritage committee that operational in the four ranges of the park left their job and financial arrangements are in place. The due to the authorities failure to pay their report, it is believed, must include the 'pres- salary. sures' like floods , commercial activities, cli- The threats to the park has been en- mate change, change in land-use patterns visaged in the setting up of industries within and development of roadways. Species No of deaths Total population Death (%) The forest depart- Buffalo 1 – – ment has not been able to induct new blood in Jackal 1 – – the services since 1991 Elephant 2 1165 0.17 as fresh requirements are banned. The ageing Hog badger 2 – – staff with limited capac- Python 2 _ _ ity to work hard and Porcupines 5 _ _ cope up with the heavy pressure of the varied Swamp deer 10 1169 0.86 class of duties has cre- Sambar 15 _ – ated management problems. The staff has Rhino 17 2290 0.74 to work round the Wild boar 28 _ _ clock as most of the Hog deer 512 40000 1.28 forest offenders and

60 or adjacent to the park as well as quarrying lenges for Kaziranga National Park over the and mining activities in the 'No Development Next Fifty Years-in 2005 had already warned Zone' around Kaziranga and Karbi Anglong about the future threats to the park. The pa- Elephant Reserve. Equally disturbing is the per said that the continued survival of KNP aggressive organized encroachment by illegal over the next century and consolidation of the migrants with political backing. Encroachment conservation successes achieved in the last by tea gardens coupled with illegal logging hundred years will depend, to a largely on have eroded vast stretches of the prime wild- what happens beyond the Park's boundaries life habitat. Unchecked growth of the hospi- and also on ensuring that management options tality industry in close confines of the park is elsewhere, in the river and in the surrounding destroying the once placid pristine ambience. landscape do not undermine the ecology and A joint paper by UNESCO and United integrity of the park. Nations Foundation – Opportunities and Chal-

Mubina Akhtar is well-known environment journalist and wildlife expert based in Guwahati Assam. Mobile No. 9864131183.

61 PLIGHT OF ASSAM ELEPHANTS

Dinesh Chandra Choudhury

Assam, or Asom as we call her, is a beau- trasts are good: Within all this beauty, a very tiful gift of the Creator, packed with mystery ugly, sordid tragedy is underway, that I hope and magic. Imagine her splendid lush green to shed light on. forest cover crisscrossed by many rivers and I am privileged to have been born here, streams and her distinctive alluvial plains and growing up in the midst of the abounding wild- terrain that is at once varied and challenging. life and nature. My passion for my verdant sur- This is a place teeming with primates, deer, roundings, elephants in particular, and for the elephants, rhinos and other herbivores, where hunt is what that was most sought after by me bears prowl and since my early tigers, leopards childhood. As and panthers stalk a child, I was the wilderness. fascinated by Given the natural watching Fish- abundance of eagles come biodiversity, the swooping ever-changing down like a landscapes, the fighter rich and diverse bomber, cultural traditions deadly talons of her people and outstretched, the folklores, there catching a fish, is no denying that and, seconds Assam presents a later, lifting it- perfect picture frame. I prefer to call this beau- self off with all its might and flying off while tiful place a land of contrasts, and I can assure the water surface ripples with the ensuing you that nowhere else can one find a place wind draft. From this I learnt that man is not with such diversities. Unfortunately, not all con- the sole hunter.

62 Elephants are believed to be a manifes- founder of elephant lore, or Gaja-sastra as it tation of Lord Ganesa, the God of prosper- is called in Sanskrit. He had the credentials ity and wealth. According to a legend that for the job: He was not only supposed to have has been passed down generations in the form been born from an elephant, but he also lived of folklore, Brahma, the creator of the uni- among them, eating only what they ate. He verse and the wisest of all gods, wanted to learned all about the ailments that afflicted cross the Brahmaputra but was reluctant to them and is reputed to be the author of a trea- use his supernatural powers to do so. Instead, tise on their medical treatment. Interestingly, the deity solicited help from the animals roam- Palakapya's hermitage was supposed to be ing around freely. located 'where the Lohitya flows away to- Monkeys were the first to offer their as- wards the sea'. The present day Lohit is a sistance, but they failed to accomplish the task. tributary of the Brahmaputra, but it seems to Then came the bears, but they, too, could do have been the original name for the entire nothing to help. Finally, the elephants took river in ancient times. As for the reference to up the challenge. By standing side by side, the sea, some hundred million years ago, the their backs formed a raised platform connect- waves of the Cretaceous sea lapped the Garo ing both the banks, and the deity was able to Hills, where the plains of erstwhile East Pa- cross over without getting his feet wet. kistan lie today1! Brahma was pleased and in return for their help blessed the elephant race as a whole Yet another voluminous treatise on el- with three gifts. The first one was that elephants--in old vernacular prose--was com- ephants will be the wisest of all creatures. piled by Sukumar Barkath in 1734. This ef- The second gift was that they would know fort was undertaken in association with Dilbar the time of their death. And the last one was and Doshai, who did the colourful illustra- a place, hidden from the eyes of man, where tions, under the orders of Ahom King Siva the elephants would be able to go and die in Singha and his spouse, Queen Amvika Devi. peace. In fact, the entire gamut of knowledge about Our fascination for these creatures has elephants as possessed by our ancestors not been restricted to folklores: Elephants along with the background of classical In- have always been an integral part of our daily dian traditions is preserved within this book, life. Kumar Bhaskar Barma, who ruled As- rightly named Hasti-vidyarnava, or the sea sam between 594 and 650 AD, had an el- of elephant- lore. ephant head carved in his kingdom's official However, such romantic and sentimen- seal. tal images are not enough to aid the survival The legendary fifth century (BC) of a species; human civilization and the de- Assamese sage Palakapya is regarded as the velopment process have become major

63 causes for the ongoing destruction of the bal- viduals capturing wild elephants within the ance that once existed. purview of the Act and the rules imposed by Records show that during the Ahom State and central Government took hold, and rule, the capture of wild elephants was a pre- prospered, right through the pre- and post- rogative of the king. In upper Assam, independence period. The erstwhile Khasi Hathigarh, which connects Ladoigarh with the and Jaintia Hills, Balipara frontier Tract, and hills, was constructed for this very purpose districts like Darrang, Goalpara, Lakhimpur, and it is said that on one occasion 1,000 el- Nowgong and Sylhet held as many as 13 ephants were captured through the Khedda Khedda and Mela Shikar mahals, where 207 shikar method. In this method of capture of seats were offered while double that number wild elephants, depending upon the probable of elephants were allowed to be captured on numbers of elephants to be captured, a cir- payment of a royalty to the tune of Rs. 200 cular stockade is built inside the jungle on per tusker, Rs. 175 per female elephant, and the path frequently used by them. A heavy Rs. 125 per makhna captured 3. Elephants log gate at the entrance that slides up or down remained to be a valuable component of our with little effort either opens or closes the society all this while. And as a pet, they stockade. Hundreds of beaters are engaged yielded their full value to us. to drive a herd towards the entrance and And then a new legislation imposed by once they are inside, the gate is closed, trap- the central government in 1980 took its toll. ping all inside. Then they are allowed to re- Once it came into force, the regular annual main confined for two or three days without elephant capture operations following tradi- food or water. Once their temperament be- tional methods was suspended and the local comes cool and manageable, they are cap- expertise gradually faded away. At the same tured by using trained domestic elephants time, it rendered all the involved people, and and brought out one by one for training and the large number domestic elephants used for domestication. Large elephants not suitable the purpose, unemployed. Moreover, soci- for training are released. ety gradually started considering the species During the rule of Ahom king Purandar not as our most trusted domestic pet, but as Singha, the Mela Shikar method to capture Government cattle. wild elephants was introduced, and for the Confusion and controversies spiraled first time, private individuals were allowed to from the sudden ban, tension heightened, and take part on payment of a royalty of Rs 10 strong words got exchanged between those for each elephant captured 2. In this method who regarded the elephant as a pet and those trained domestic elephants are used to lasso who placed them on a protected pedestal-- and capture their wild counterpart. forcing all of us to see, but none to touch. Thereafter, the system of private indi- Thus, the seed alienating man from the el-

64 ephant was sown. As time progressed the gap strict this limit. Once the area gets degraded only widened. and overgrazed, the animal population moves With the spread of the human settlement out from the habitat and into a new area that area, the demand for agricultural land in- will serve them as a good source of nourish- creased and the burgeoning population ment. But chances are that this new turf is a started encroaching into the forest land, potential, or existing, human cultivation area. thereby shrinking elephant habitat. Hundreds So every time they come in contact with farm- of thousands of new settlers and industries ers, they are challenged. In the process, they laying claim to the reserve forests and Char get pushed from pillar to post and remain areas resulted in the fragmentation of known under pressure from constant harassment. elephant corridors, and the construction of This becomes the order of their lives and they new roads and railway lines have only com- are forever battling their adversaries. Ulti- pounded the problem. The number of el- mately, they start losing their morale as well ephant deaths due to accidents on the tracks as their health from the stress and continuous and electrocution in on the rise. As for the injuries and their remaining life span becomes poachers, that's a whole new ball game. Gone shorter. are the days when wild herds roamed the vast In the present context, migration is re- Assam forests in peace. The fall of the stricted as the process of fragmentation of Charduar reserve forest, the denudation of prime elephant habitat has resulted in their the forest cover north of the Batasipur area isolation into near pockets without sufficient of this reserve forest, and the plunder of for- food. Hence, their survival instinct will always est produce in the Rowta reserve forest are force elephants to raid food crops grown by a few present day examples of this loss of the farmers or their granaries. Man's success prime elephant habitat 4. Assam, which used in protecting his fields or granaries will de- to be the main stronghold of the elephant in pend on various factors and the degree of India, is the place where man elephant con- achievement will likewise vary. And this ma- flict has increased considerably, resulting in cabre game of hide and seek between hu- casualties to both parties. As a consequence, mans and elephants will continue. wild elephants started losing their fear of man. Of course, the question of survival rules And the farmers, who considered them an both. An improvement in the strategies asset till so recently, started feeling that they adopted by a predator to hunt is typically are more a liability. repelled by a matched improvement in the As a rule, the population of any spe- defensive strategies adopted by the prey, cies, barring man, will not increase beyond helping both to survive. As I watched and the carrying capacity of that given area. Na- observed in my childhood, not each of the ture has its own measures to control and re- attempts to catch a fish by the fish eagle was

65 successful. But man has improved his skills adopt suitable remedial measures. Else, the el- and armaments throughout the phase of evo- ephant, our planet's largest animal, may just lution so that the balance has tilted in his fa- become yet another relic of the past. vour, never mind that the balance that nature originally intended was a lot more even. References: These are very turbulent times indeed for 1. Elephant Gold by P.D. Stracey 2. Assam District Gazetteers, Vol. VII, Sibsagar the Assam elephant. Most of the factors stated by B.C.Allen, c.s; 1906 above that are responsible for their dwindling 3. Source : Notice from C.G.M. Mackarness, numbers appear to be above board, and ap- Senior Conservator of Forests, Assam, pears that none can be held responsible in Shillong dated 14th July 1941 the present time. To save the elephant from 4. Elephants in Assam, by Assam Forest De- partment 2009 this catastrophic situation before it is too late, we have to collectively find some solutions and

Dinesh Chandra Choudhury is a wellknown wildlife conservetionist particulary of elephent and a prolific wildlife photographer. Mobile No. 9435199273

66 The Monpas Of Thembang

Anand Banerjee

This is the last in a three-part series on were in an 18th century village citadel. This how three tribes in Arunachal Pradesh have was a moment of deja vu. embarked on community initiatives, largely built Tucked away in a remote corner in west- around maintaining community forests that ern Arunachal Pradesh, this little village is could be a model for other tribes across In- perched on a hilltop at an elevation of 2,300 dia. Arunachal Pradesh, 80% of which is cov- metres. It looked like the entire place was ered by forests - 60% of these are owned by trapped in a time warp. But the satellite discs, indigenous tribes - hasn't escaped the fallout mushrooming from the old wood and stone of progress. Logging, hunting, houses, snapped us out of our and the indiscriminate expan- reverie. sion of agriculture have altered Like the Gauls in Asterix, the state's lush forest land- this tiny Monpa village has with- scape. In this part, Mint tells stood many wars since ancient the story of how the Monpas times, till as recently as the Chi- are turning the tide on ecologi- nese invasion in 1962. Today, cal degradation by making con- the Monpas are engaged in a servation a lucrative exercise. different kind of battle. They are Thembang / West marching to conserve their com- Kameng/Arunachal Pradesh: munity forest and are working A tall, fortified stone wall towards sustainable livelihoods. greeted us as we drove up a A pilot project that started with steep hillside on western Arunachal Pradesh 30 sq. km. of community land a few years ago that led to the Monpa settlement in Thembang. has now increased to 312 sq. km of a tropical Just like the Gallic villages in the Asterix com- evergreen forest spread over rolling hills and ics, the village of Thembang has two stone stretched to the horizon. gates as its entry and exit points, one facing "Earlier, there was no regulation to con- the south and the other the north, the distance trol hunting and felling of trees, until the villag- between them covering around 50 metres. We ers woke up to dry springs, decreasing rain-

67 fall and a warmer summer every year," says "Direct and active involvement of local Wang Tsering Dirkhipa, the village headman, communities for the conservation of the bio- locally known as the gaon bura. He calls on logically rich forest is a must and this can only Pema Wange, a suave young local, to show be promoted by economic incentives. Based us around the place. The lamas, or the monks, on an analysis of potential livelihood options, were conducting prayers to the rain god at community-based tourism (CBT) was consid- Wange's stone house-an elaborate three-day ered to be the most viable option. This could ceremony to appease the Almighty for a good provide high economic returns, thereby driv- shower. "The crisis over rainfall indicates the ing conservation," adds Dutta. hazards of toying with the environment. It has Wange is also a member of the WWF- become so warm that we need fans in the vil- India team and works for their community- lage and insect-inflicted diseases have in- based conservation initiatives. He leads us to creased," laments Dirkhipa. one of the five operational homestays in the As a wake-up call, the villagers formed village. The homestay programme is a tourism the Thembang Bapu Community Conserved initiative that allows local families to rent out Area (TBCCA) management committee with rooms to tourists for a period of time. This is a the help of WWF-India, a nature conserva- part of the community-based tourism project tion organization. The village panchayat en- that was found to be a viable option for the dorsed this initiative for the cause of nature villagers by the TBCCA management. conservation and socio-economic develop- Surprisingly, our homestay had a large ment of the forest-dependent tribal popula- furnished room with an equally spacious bal- tion. cony overlooking the village. The home- The TBCCA management committee's cooked meal was simple and delicious, a far basic plan was to divide the community land cry from the dingy, over-priced hotels in the into two broad zones-a core zone for com- neighbouring towns of Bomdilla and Dirang. plete protection of the forest and the wildlife, Here at the homestay, we interacted with the and a buffer zone for sustainable utilization of members of the household and picked up use- available natural resources by the villagers. A ful information on the surrounding area. strict ban on hunting and harvesting of trees, Wange took us for a quick drive around shrubs and herbs has been implemented. tiny patches of corn fields around the village "Our main focus was to help the local vil- wall. In this faraway land, life is laid-back and lagers sustainably manage and utilize the for- people lead a simple pastoral life. The ancient est resources such as firewood, timber and barter system continues and people trade corn bamboo by developing a management plan in for daily necessities. As we took a brisk walk the buffer zone and generating employment across the village, we came across traditional opportunities," says Pijush Dutta, senior land- wood carvings, paintings and manuscripts, scape coordinator, WWF-India. many of them decades-old, etched as murals

68 and graffiti along the houses and ancient ruins. cies of mountain ungulates are found. Remnants of old fortifications, carved stone Tenzin Chopa, another local and a child- blocks, mani walls (stone walls with prayers hood friend of Wange, is gung-ho about pro- engraved on them) and caves were a testi- moting his village as a tourist destination. "Years mony to the rich cultural heritage and history of isolation and idleness have made our peo- of the Monpa tribe. ple indifferent to nature. It will take time to From the highest point in the village the change their mindset, but there's a positive view below looked stunning-rolling hills with response to the benefits of tourism," says snow-capped peaks and the Dirang river cut- Chopa. ting across the valley. The surrounding forest In the past three years, the total income rose to above 6,000 m into alpine meadows. from the project through CBT has shown an This is where a conservation team was work- increase, thereby providing a viable source of ing on a survey on the snow leopard. The wil- additional income for the villagers as well as derness teemed with birdlife. A few rhodo- generating a corpus for the TBCCA manage- dendrons were still in bloom along the moun- ment committee. Last season the villagers tain trail and Wange showed us orchids and earned around Rs. 8 lakh from tourism-based primulas. Boards have been put up warning projects and contributed a corpus of Rs. 2 those caught cutting trees. lakh to the committee, which will go towards The community-based tourism also en- patrolling and monitoring of the community courages home-based restaurants, where tra- forest. More surveys are being conducted to ditional lunch is served to visitors and tourists. identify critical wildlife areas. Progress has The TBCCA organizes trekking in the upper been slow but positive in the last couple of reaches of the community forest where the rare years. But the Monpas believe they can win red panda, the Himalayan black bear and spe- the conservation battle.

Mr. Anand Banerjee is a very wellknown wildlife journalist writing for various national and international Travel Magazines. Mobile No. 09810157584

69 Visiting Shedd Aquarium in Chicago

Chandana Choudhury Barua

During my 6 months stint in US, my helpers or in- laws, they take their infants, room mates Neeta and Aparna who are in kids even in the bus and hop in the metros, Chicago for last 4-5 years were my guide, take them to all these attractions, parks, where to go and what to see or buy or aquarium, caves, museum and make beeline dine....In fact they were my friend, philoso- during Sundays or weekends. I have seen pher and guide although they were half of my many young couples with their twins in prams age, but we bonded so well, may be as I was waiting patiently in their queues since early missing home and they too miss their par- morning. In fact we had to return on one ents. They were more than happy to take their Saturday as the queue was never ending ! aunty to different Before going shopping malls like to any tourist at- Macys, Wall Mart , traction, it has be- Sephora or come our habit to Swarovski during go online for book- weekends. We ing our ticket in ad- hardly see each vance so as to get other in the week some discount on as they were busy particular days of in their lab and me the week or as stu- in mine. dent discount. Here everybody counts even When it was time to say good bye to cents not only dollar. I also did the same. them, they insisted that I must visit Shedd While going out by bus or train, it is also cus- aquarium which is a' must see' when I am in tomary to google and check for the next bus Chicago. Visitors from all neighbouring states or train timing and reach there in time. I have throng to see this aquarium. One good thing learnt a lot how to save time and money as which I have seen with Americans that they well. are very outgoing and in weekends unlike The John G. Shedd Aquarium is an in- us when we leave our kids at home with door public aquarium in Chicago, Illinois in

70 the United States that opened on May 30, Stratton, incorporating her custom-made 1930. The aquarium contains over 25,000 Pewabic Pottery tile The Oceanarium is done fish, and was for some time the largest in- in a more modern style representing the Pa- door aquarium in the world with 5,000,000 cific Northwest, but one that blends with the US gallons of water. The Shedd Aquarium older part of the building. "Whale Harbor", was the first inland aquarium with a perma- the Oceanarium's 3,000,000-US-gallon nent saltwater fish collection. It is surrounded (11,000,000 l) main tank, is backed by a wall by Museum Campus Chicago, which it shares of windows that look out onto Lake Michi- with the Adler Planetarium and the Field gan. Museum of Natural History. The aquarium The Shedd Aquarium was the gift of re- has 2 million annual visitors; it was the most tail leader John G. Shedd, a protégé of visited aquarium in the U.S. in 2005, and in Marshall Field (benefactor of the adjacent 2007, it surpassed the Field Museum as the Field Museum), to the city of Chicago. Al- most popular cultural attraction in Chicago. though Shedd only lived long enough to see It contains 1500 species including fish, ma- the architect's first drawings for the aquarium, rine mammals, birds, snakes, amphibians, and his widow, Mary R. Shedd, cut the ribbon at insects. The aquarium received awards for the official opening ceremony. best exhibit from the Association of Zoos and The aquarium cost $3,000,000 to build, Aquariums (AZA) for Seahorse Symphony and initially included 132 exhibit tanks. in 1999, Amazon Rising in 2001, and Wild Groundbreaking took place on November 2, Reef in 2004. 1927, and construction was completed on Shedd Aquarium is also notable for its December 19, 1929; the first exhibits were architecture. The basic design, by architec- opened on May 30, 1930. As one of the first tural firm Graham, Anderson, Probst & inland aquariums in the world, the Shedd had White, is taken from classical Greek archi- to rely on a custom-made railroad car, the tecture, more exactly Beaux Arts, to match Nautilus, for the transport of fish and the other structures of the Museum Campus. seawater. The Nautilus lasted until 1959. The central aquarium building is octagonal, In 1930, 20 railroad tank cars made fronted by Doric columns and a formal stair- eight round trips between Key West and case and topped by a dome. Aquatic motifs Chicago to transport 1,000,000 US gallons are worked in at every opportunity; tortoise (3,800,000 l) of seawater for the Shedd's shells, dolphins, octopuses, waves, and even saltwater exhibits. In 1933, Chicago hosted the Trident of Poseidon can be found all over its second world's fair, the Century of the aquarium's exterior and interior. Improv- Progress. The Aquarium was located imme- ing upon its predecessor inland aquarium, the diately north of the fairgrounds, and the mu- Belle Isle Aquarium in Detroit, extensive use seum gained exposure to a large international was made of designs by Mary Chase Perry crowd.

71 In 1971, the Shedd Aquarium added gallon (2,800,000 l) Wild Reef exhibit rec- one of its most popular exhibits, a 90,000- reates a Philippine coral reef and is based on US-gallon (340,000Litres) exhibit reproduc- the Apo Island Marine reserve, complete with ing a Caribbean coral reef. That same year, living coral, multiple species of fish and rays, the aquarium acquired its first research ves- and a collection of sharks. The main draw of sel, a 75-foot (23 metres) boat for exploring this attraction is a 400,000-US-gallon shark the Caribbean, manned by a crew to con- exhibit with 12-foot (3.7 metres) high curved duct field research and collect specimens. In windows, allowing visitors a diver's-eye view. 1985, this boat was replaced with the aquari- The Wild Reef exhibit also features a saltwa- um's current vessel, the Coral Reef II. ter tank display area where coral is propa- John Shedd's grandson, John Shedd gated and grown for conservation purposes. Reed, who had served as president of There are five permanent exhibits at the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad Shedd: Amazon Rising, Caribbean Reef, Wa- from 1967 to 1986, was president of the ters of the World, the Oceanarium, and Wild aquarium's board from 1984 until 1994, and Reef. These were superb not only for the kids was a life trustee until his death in 2008. Ted but for us as well. You will need one whole A. Beattie has been the president and CEO day for visiting this aquarium ! of the aquarium since 1994. Amazon Rising In 1991, the Shedd Aquarium opened The Amazon Rising exhibit is a 8,600- its Oceanarium, a large addition to the square-foot (800 m2) walkthrough flooded aquarium that features many marine mam- forest recreation of the Amazon river and the mals, including Pacific white-sided dolphins surrounding jungle. This exhibit contains 250 and belugas. The main 3,000,000-US-gal- different species, and its highest water level lon (11,000,000 litres) tank made it the larg- is 6 feet. Species from this area on exhibit est indoor marine mammal facility in the include anacondas, piranhas, spiders, rays world. The aquarium also boasts a number and crocodiles. of sea otters; the core of this collection was The Caribbean Reef a group rescued from the Exxon Valdez oil The Caribbean Reef exhibit was built in spill in 1989. In the Fall of 2008, the Shedd's 1971, on the site of the aquarium's very first Ocenarium was closed for preventative seal- exhibit, the Tropical Pool. A feature of this ing as well as administrative upgrades. The exhibit is a diver that interacts with the ani- animals in the exhibit area were put on loan mals while talking with the people. A part of to other facilities nationwide until the exhibit the exhibit is a 90,000-US-gallon (340,000 reopened in May 2009. l) circular tank that allows for maximum walk- The Shedd's newest permanent exhibit, around viewing. the tank is near the centre of Wild Reef, opened in 2003. Located two lev- the first floor, and is within walking distance els below the main building, the 750,000-US- of Amazon rising, Waters of the World and

72 Wild Reef. Fishing village. Waters of the World The Abbott Oceanarium Several different galleries that feature The Oceanarium is split into two levels, exhibits on Oceans, Rivers, Islands and above and below the waterline. Above the Lakes, and Chicago's own Local Waters can waterline, there are bleachers where guests be explored in this. Species on exhibit include can watch the aquatic show, while below the mantella frogs, a giant octopus, Nile knife fish, waterline, guests can see the Beluga Whales Grand Cayman blue iguanas, sea stars, and Dolphins up close. Animals in the seahorses, Alligator snapping turtle, and Oceanarium include Sea Otters, Sea Lions, River otter. Pacific White-sided Dolphins, and Beluga Walter Chute, the aquarium's director Whales. It was remodeled in 2009. from 1928 to 1964, wanted rare fishes to Jellies attract the 10 million tourists expected to visit This was my favourite as looking at vari- Chicago for the exposition in 1933. ous shaped jelly fishes another new water Granddad, an Australian lungfish, arrived at world opened before me. This current ex- the Shedd in 1933, along with his mate, from hibit opened in summer 2011 and was origi- Sydney during the Century of Progress world nally scheduled to run through May 2012 but exposition. During the expo's run, they at- on May 7th due to popular demand was extracted about 4.5 million visitors. tended through 2013. Many different spe- Although Granddad's mate died in 1980, cies of jellies are featured throughout the ex- he is still alive and is claimed by the aquarium hibit. Jellies included are Atlantic Sea Net- to be the oldest fish in any aquarium in the tle, Blue Blubber Jelly, Egg Yolk Jelly, Japa- world. He is at least 86 and possibly older; nese Sea Nettle, Lion's Mane, Moon Jelly, he weighs 25 pounds (11 kg) and is 4 feet Northeast Pacific Sea Nettle, Purple Striped (1.2 m) in length. His normal behavior is to Sea Nettle, Spotted Lagoon Jelly, Umbrella hang out like a sunken log on the bottom of Jelly, and the Upside-down Jelly. I ahve his habitat. We took several photos there. clocked almost all of them. We have fuly utilized our camera as well as Fantasea is a multiple animal show at cell phones camera till battery was down ! the Shedd Aquarium, beginning on October The Wild Reef 16, 2009 and ran through 2010. It is cur- This exhibit was added to the aquari- rently shown during the December and Janu- um's main collection in 2003. This 27,500 ary Holiday season. The show features sea sq ft wing is located underground just off the lions, beluga whales, penguins, hawks, and main foyer. The largest habitat holds 400,000 dolphins. We were mesmerized by the fan- gallons and several different species of tastic display of the dolphins and their train- sharks. Other displays include live corals, a ers, they were tempted by fishes for their mangrove forest, and a re-created Filipino aquatic show.

73 It was 26th February, just one day be- she grows up and can enjoy more. The visit fore my return to India, we went to Shedd will always be memorable to me as that was aquarium along with my student Sanjib, his my last day in Chicago , a nice way to say family along with his 6 months old daughter good bye to this Windy city. The lake shore Stuti, who was among many infant visitors was so windy that we had to rush inside our on that day. I heard their parents telling her car from the lake shore where Shedd that they will again visit the aquarium when aquarium is located. Now I have no regrets !

Dr. Chandana Choudhury Barua Prof. and PI, DRDO, ICAR and NMPB Project. Deptt. Of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Khanapara, Guwahati -781022. Assam. M. No-098640-13231.

74 Occurrence of groundwater in Guwahati city and aquifer characteristics

B. K. Das Amongst all the cities in northeastern tension of Shillong plateau, cover an area of India, Guwahati is, perhaps the single unfor- approximately 40 to 50% of the total area tunate city, which as years rolled on, lost and occurs as inselbergs lies within alluvium. much in space and gained in population. The Quaternary alluvia deposited by river population of Guwahati was 8394 in 1891, Brahmaputra occupies rest of the area and which crossed the one lakh limit in 1961.The are composed of gravels, pebbles, sands of population of Guwahati municipal corpora- different grades and clays.The thickness of tion area in 2001 was 809895. As per this Quaternary alluvium varies laterally and Master plan for Guwahati Metropolitan Area vertically due to the presence of Precambrian (GMA) 2025, it is projected that population massive as inselbergs. of GMA may vary from low of 19.10 lakhs Borehole litho logs available with differ- to a high of 22.50 lakhs in 2025. ent organizations and agencies reveal the Guwahati is situated on the southern presence of a moderately thick pile of banks of river Brahmaputra with its cardinal unconsolidated sediments that have been points as 26010/ north latitude and 92° 49/ deposited through fluvial processes with aq- east longitude. The city is situated on undu- uifers suitable for large scale groundwater lating plain with varying altitudes of 49.5m to development. The upper part of the 55.5m above mean sea level. It is surrounded sediments are outwash brown coloured sands by hillocks in southern and eastern sides. The of various grades and clay; the lower part central part of the city has small hillocks are grey coloured sands of various grades namely Sarania hills, Nabagragha hill, Nilachal and clay of river borne deposits. This is a hill and Chunchali hill. It is also covered by vertical variation of thickness of the aquifers swamps, marshes, and water bodies like and is inconsistent in their aerial extent. The Deepor bil, Tepor bil etc. thickness of alluvial formation is ranging from Geologically the city is blessed with two 25m to 90m in general and is more than types of rock formations belonging to 220m in south western part of the city viz Precambrian complexes which are the ex- near pachim Boragaon. The thickness of

75 aquifer generally varies from 4m to 30m and rivers,streams etc and as subsurface water it is found maximum in the south and south (Groundwater). Groundwater sources are western part of Guwahati. considered to be more safe and dependable The aquifer conditions in alluvial forma- for human consumption compared to surface tions are mainly influenced by grain size, water occurs which are amenable to change shape, thickness, extension, porosity and on climatic variation and suffer from pollu- permeability etc. tion hazards. On the other hand, the aquifer condi- In hydrologic cycle, an aquifer is a geo- tions in hard rock area is influenced by thick- logic body that is porous enough to store ness of weathered zone, which generally groundwater and permeable enough to per- varies from l0m to 15m depending upon the mit economic withdrawal of water for di- topography of the area, numbers of joints, verse human uses. The water thus discharged fractures( which act as secondary porosity) from aquifer storage fulfils two major roles. and contacts between veins,dykes etc. with First, it can benefit the environment by natu- the country rocks and shear zones. rally maintaining and sustaining river flows, Groundwater in shallow aquifers in the spring and wetlands. Secondly, it can pro- city area occur generally under water table vide a valuable water supply to meet the condition and are tapped by open wells and groundwater demand for water for drinking, shallow tube wells. Groundwater in deeper domestic use, crop irrigation and industry. aquifers occurs under semi confined to con- Geologic body can be classified as fined conditions. The movement of consolidated rock or unconsolidated (loose) groundwater is generally controlled by the sediment. Consolidated rock may consist of geology, physiographic and meteorological such materials as sandstone, shale, granite, factors of the area. basalt. Unconsolidated sediment contains It is known, in general, that availability granular materials such as sand, gravel, silt of groundwater in hard rock terrain is very and clay Generally, there are four major types limited while that in alluvial areas is quite of aquifers i.e. Alluvium (sand, gravel and silt promising. But all are not fit for consump- deposited by rivers); Sedimentary bedrock tion, only fresh water free from undesirable (consolidated materials); Glacial sediments mineral content is considered to be fit for (unconsolidated material deposited by gla- human consumption. Here , it may be worth- ciers) and Igneous and Metamorphic bed- while to note that out of total volume of water rock In Guwahati only alluvium, igneous and on the earth, fresh water of the land area metamorphic bedrock are major types of account for less than 3%, major qualities of aquifer. which are fixed in polar ice caps,permanent Groundwater in gravel, silt and sand glaciers etc. Thus only a fraction is distrib- aquifers are found in pore spaces between uted in surface water bodies like the particles, whereas groundwater in con-

76 solidated aquifers is found in fractures within In some cases, pore spaces can be filled the rock. The amount of water that can be by smaller grained materials, which makes hold by an aquifer depends on the rock's less room for water to enter and travel porosity, which is the volume of pore space through the pore spaces This decreases the between the grains of the sediment or frac- porosity, and the aquifer will be less perme- tures in the rock. For water to move through able. It is important to be able to determine rock, the pore spaces must be intercon- aquifer characteristics like permeability in nected. (Fig- 1). order to predict groundwater behavior in the aquifer. Some aquifers characteristics like the state water level, location of water bearing zones, geological materials,depth,thickness and nature etc. can be estimated from the data found in the well report(driller's logs).The description and location of geologic forma- FiG. 1 Diagram showing several types of Rock tions and water bearing zones within the Interstices : A Well-sorted sedimentarydeposit having high porosity. B Poorly sorted sedimentary deposit formations can give clues as to whether an having low porosity : C Well-sorted sedimentarydeposi aquifer is shallow (water is located near the consisting of pebbles that themselves porous, so that land surface) or deep (water is located the deposit as a whole has a very high porosity : D. Well-sorted sedimentarydeposit whose porosity has deeper, perhaps greater then 30m or 100 been diminashed by the deposition of mineral matter feet), and whether it is made of consolidated in the interstices. E Rock rendered porous by solu- or unconsolidated materials. tion. F. Hock rendered porous by fracturing. (After The nature of the aquifer refers to Meinzer. 1942) whether the aquifer is confined or unconfined, Generally groundwater flows very A confined aquifer has a layer or less porous slowly within the aquifer, and the speed of material above the aquifer, resulting in the groundwater movement depends on the size groundwater being under pressure. When a of the spaces within the soil or rock, how well is drilled, the water level in the well will these spaces are connected, and the slope rise above the top of the aquifer. An (or pressure gradient) of the water table. unconfined aquifer does not have a layer of Coarse grained sediments like sand and less porous rock above it, and so when a gravel have a higher porosity than small well drilled, the water level in the well will be grained sediments like clay, silt and the pore at the same level as the top of the aquifer. spaces are better connected The coarse Hydrologist/ Geologist/ well drillers con- materials are permeable because they have duct pump tests to determine the perform- large connected spaces or fractures that al- ance characteristics of a well and to deter- low water to flow through. mine the hydraulic properties of the aquifer

77 such as.permeability and transmissibility (aq- down has surrounded to well (Fig2).This is uifer permeability multiplied by aquifer thick- termed as the `Cone of depression'. The size ness). These properties determine how eas- of the drawdown cone depends on several ily water moves through the aquifer, how factors that are the pump rate, the length of much water are stored, and how efficiently time the well pumped, and aquifer charac- the well produces water. Pump tests can allow teristics of permeability and transmissibility. hydrogeologist to predict the effect on water Once the well stops the pumping, it will take levels of different pumping rates, or the ad- some time before the drawdown cone dis- dition of one or more pumping wells. appears and the water table returns back to A pump test consists of pumping a well original state.The rate at which recovery to at a certain rate and recording the drawdown the original pre pumping water level occurs (decline) of water level in the pumping well depends on aquifer properties. and in nearby observation wells over a cer- The two most common types of pump- tain time period. The response of the water ing tests are the constant rate pump test and levels at and near the pumping well reflects the multiple step pump test. The data from the aquifer's ability to transmit water to the the both of the tests can be used to predict well. The response allows hydrogeologists the hydraulic characteristics of the aquifer and to determine the aquifer's characteristics. the well. These results are then available to Water levels will drop less in more perme- be used to assist in the management of able aquifers than in aquifers of lower per- groundwater quantity in a number of settings meability. e.g. municipality wells, irrigation wells and When a well is pumped, the water level heavy duty domestic wells. drops in the vicinity of the well (Fig-2). Up- till now, there is no alarming situation in Guwahati so far consumption of groundwater is concerned. Locally, there has been some problem regarding reported lowering of water level in wells. But that situation only arise when there is extensive over drawal e.g. drawal exceeds the recharge and/ or when the drawal from a cluster of tube wells is done in a small area. Before com- menting on this aspect in a given area it must The lowering of the water level is re- be ascertained whether lowering of ferred to as drawdown e.g. difference be- groundwater level as seen in tube wells is tween no pumping water level and pumped not due to faulty construction or chocking of water level. From a three dimensional view strainers. Guwahati city dweller is drawing a point, it appears as though a cone pointing large quantity of groundwater daily through

78 tube wells. The development of groundwater source and deplete it at a rapid rate. This to meet the increasing demand should be wasteful use of water could be remedied by done in a scientifically planned manner so as government intervention by ensuring a planned to avoid mutual interference between the wells utilization of water resource through legal en- and excessive drawal of groundwater from a actment aimed at conservation of available cluster of wells in the area. groundwater and its most beneficial use. In The transient character of groundwater this regard govt. agencies/NGO can take leads to interdependence among water users, some programme for educating the public in as withdrawal of water from one user's well conservation of the quantity and quality of influences production and water level in the water. Greater effective coordination between neighbour's well as pumping cause additional state and central government agencies deal- drawdown in nearby wells. The individual user ing with groundwater development projects is not aware of or ignores, the effects im- in the state should be maintained and rel- posed on others by his pumping. This may evant hydrological and geological informa- result in wasteful use of water at one place tion from exploratory wells should be freely and inadequacy of water elsewhere. For the made available to each other so as to ensure same reason, the water users may tend to proper guidance on the scientific manage- overlook possible future value of water re- ment of the resource.

Writer's Phone : 94350-16799

79 Tourism and Wildlife-Scope for symbiosis?

R.C. Saikia

It has been acknowledged universally seems to have suffered a lot in this count, that travel and tourism sector contributes sub- thanks to the general perception that it is a stantially to empower women, youth and violence prone, militant infested state. While migrant workers thereby reducing poverty militancy is a major problem in a few NE with new employment opportunities. The States, the level of violence and crime in the Ministry of Tourism, Government of India North-East is certainly not more than what it which is the nodal agency for formulation of is in many other states. The adverse publicity national policies and programme as well as of the region has a lot to do with the fact that for co-ordination of activities between vari- most news from the North-East hitting na- ous departments, state governments and the tional and international headlines invariably private sector focused on a holistic approach relate to militancy. So, a tourist would think for the development of tourism in the coun- twice about including the North-East in his try, with the objective of promoting employ- tour itinerary. But the general impression ment and inclusive growth with active par- about the North-East being an unsafe place ticipation and support of the private sector. to visit is misleading, as most tourists dis- Meanwhile the foreign tourists arrival in In- cover once they visit the place. The absence dia is showing an increase to 6.29 million in of sustained campaign to hard sell the North- 2011, compared to 5,78 million during 2010. East as a tourist paradise has been the big- The growth is an encouraging 8.9 per cent, gest stumbling block in the realization of the which is again higher than the projected immense potential of the region. growth figure of 6 to 8 per cent for Asia and Given the diverse attraction of the SE Asian countries. North-East in the form of wilderness areas, However, the tourism sector in Assam adventure tourism, wildlife, cultures and her- and other NE States, which is primarily based itage it ought to have attained the status of a on the ecosystem, continues to be in its in- tourist destination by now. Apparently, the fancy except Sikkim, following the jolts re- NE State's approach to showcase the North- ceived from militancy and terrorism, poor law East has been flawed. NE States would do and order, inferior quality infrastructure and well to take a leaf out of the success stories unsatisfactory hygiene and hospitality. Assam of states like Kerala and Rajasthan besides

80 the neighbouring Sikkim, and should put in North-East, despite having a wondrous eco- place a mechanism to woo tourists. One will system it is still in its infancy. Given the fact not be surprised if he goes by the details that both wildlife and wilderness tourism are how the Rajasthan government is wooing there, some basic uncertainties arise. Is tour- foreign and domestic tourists besides the ism harming the interests of wildlife? Is wild- corporate sector for their executive's busi- life tourism necessary? Why worry about ness conference destinations as well as ad- wildlife anyway? As an increasing number of vertising firms to come there for their ad-film wilderness areas become tourist hotspot, shooting. These sectors have been virtually these questions need to be answered by swamping Rajasthan right from shooting of everybody involved-from nature lovers to tour ad-films like Centrefresh lozenge and French operators, from government officials to agi- perfumes to cars and cameras. This has been tated non-government organizations (NGOs). possible in Rajasthan due to the pragmatic The sentimental environmentalists most planning by the state government with incen- often then not believe that hard sell tourism tives and facilities to make them come in is antipodal to nature and wilderness conser- greater numbers. Today an ad-film director vation. This image has been highlighted some has nothing to worry about in Rajasthan for years ago with the demands to shifting of such things like car rentals, luxury tents and hotels and resorts away from beach fronts foods to take his shooting team even to the and doing away of inner line permits for remotest serene location of the state. foreigners touring the Himalayas. The same The eco-system of the North-East is thing happened here when the Fourlane high- perhaps one of the few eco-systems in the way project was proposed to build along country that has preserved its pristine char- the existing high way through the Kaziranga acters. The flavour of the time is eco-tourism national park. or wilderness tourism-an innovation devised But, there is one great story from those and promoted by the tour operators with the wondrous islands of Andaman and Nicobar help of their respective governments across where wildlife and tourism have evolved a the world, gaining popularity among tourists symbolic and functional relationship. This to stay out for a few days in a sleepy loca- writer was told by he hotelier when he was tion surrounded by ancient silence where the touring the islands some 16 years ago that only sounds are of mountain winds, dancing what began as an informal chat between avid rapids and migratory birds, and a beauty of environmentalist Samir Achariya, the Gen- the nature that resonates the distant past far eral manager of the Welcome group's Bay away from the maddening crowd. Island hotel in Port Blair and President, Wilderness tourism or eco tourism lies Andaman Tourism Guild had converted into somewhere between recreation and educa- a veritable conservation movement. In the tion. In our country, and particularly in the sequel, hoteliers and nature lovers of the is-

81 lands had joined hands to save the delicately owing to tourist interference animal behavionr balanced eco-system of the islands. One will is changing and some species are said to not be surprised to find detailed conserva- have even lost their wild characters. Further, tion massages on the premises of hotels such the pressures from vehicles and the ensuing as the Bay Island and the Andaman Beach degradation of vegetated areas is also a cause Resort. The methods they employed extend for concern. In Andaman and Nicobar is- to environment friendly messages on the hotel lands, there was the issue of destruction of lunch packets and table napkins too. corals due to snorkelling and curo-collection It is the necessity to raise revenue that in fragile areas like the coral reefs of the fuels tourism, but running alongside there is islands. There is also one classic example of the vital role that wildlife tourism fulfils in the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve which making the average tourist aware of nature had to be closed to tourists due to too much and natural resources. One of the primary denudation, or that of the Valley of Flowers, reasons for setting up a national park or a where hoards of tourists would vandalise the wildlife sanctuary is education, which natu- place, collecting chunks of those mountain rally underscores the obvious need for wildflowers. life tourism. So, there are national parks and Can these problems be averted? Efforts sanctuaries, there are human beings (of all from various quarters, such as the Ministry kinds, of course), there is the urgent need to of Environment & Forests (MOEF), Minis- build a sensitivity towards nature in people try of Tourism, The WWF and concerned at large and, more practically, there is the individuals have shown that tourism or should need to make wildlife watching financially one say excessive pressure from tourism can remunerative. be controlled (?) There are bound to be Many conservationists, including Ashok pressure such as from economic viability or Kumar, former Adviser conservation at the the influx of insensitive tourists into these WWF for nature, are of the view that the wilderness areas. But a national park is not need of the time is to define the exact role of a stone sculpture or a Chola bronze that can tourism as a non-consumptive method of be ensconced in a glass case to be admired, utilizing wildlife. In doing so, one finds tour- it is a living organism that breaths and pul- ism has two roles-spreading awareness about sates. wilderness and generating money. With this One way would be to make precise understanding many naturalists have come to rules and regulations (which can give exact see that without economic value being at- performance and leaves no discretions) and tached to wildlife, much of it would certainly to try and avoid too much pressure in a sin- become extinct. gle region. Often some NGOs suggest that So, where do we go? What of the the carrying capacity of a place i.e. the animals? There are strong allegations that number of people that an area can take

82 without over pressurizing it should be worked enforced in a few Indian states like a day off out first. But there are parks like the Corbett in the park which is supposed to provide in Uttar Pradesh, where they have such lim- some respite to the animals, from the milling its, the numbers displaying there appeared to crowds of over enthusiastic tourists and have not been based on scientific analysis. screeching vehicles. But these things seem to This writer has, however, no idea if there is be pointless because the tiger does not know any logical method to calculate the carrying whether it is a Monday or Thursday. Such capacity of a park. Then there is the concept off days, when forest staff also go off duty, of a few licensed vehicles being allowed in prove counter productive by making it easier the park, which might draw the line as far as for poachers and grazers. But again in some vehicular over crowding is concerned. An- places such as Kanha and Gir national parks other point could be local participation or wildlife tourism has become synonymous with joint forest management (JFM) in protection tiger and lion as in the case of Kaziranga of nature. In African countries such as Kenya with rhino. This shows spelling misery for the where wildlife tourism is a money spinner, it animals and are against the grain of wildlife is the locals of the park areas who are the tourism. only people permitted to guide the tourists in This writer when toured the Corbett the park area or allowed to own or run trade park some 20 years ago, the then Field establishments like restaurants and lodges Director A.S.Negi explaining the importance within the park. of Interpretation Centers (where visitors are This illustrates a strong point, namely acquainted with the characteristics of differ- local participation in the protection of nature, ent animals and their behaviours using pro- thus avoiding the prickly issue of local ag- jectors and films) and Awareness activity gression against conservation efforts. For, Centers within the park areas said: "We usu- there are many conservation effort in India ally have a captive audience with the whole which are failing miserably because of hostile evening on their hands, there is so much we natives whose very sustenance is jeopard- can do with them." Corbett Park has a rich ized when their home ranges are declared library, and high quality wildlife films are protected and out of bounds. Odisha's screened daily in an open theatre. Rathambhar range is perhaps one such What is required then is a holistic ap- places. Further there is the interesting idea of proach with a pragmatic national policy on tourist presence actually acting as a safe- wildlife and nature conservation with regard guard for the park. It has often been noticed to their practical requirements or conse- that areas open to tourists are, for obvious quences as well as certain guidelines laid reasons, less prone to poaching, illegal felling down for the movement of licensed vehicles, and such anti-establishment activities. Then visiting hours as well as a campaign which again some rules and regulations have been would make the potential tourists sensitive to

83 wildlife and the environment. Only then can tures, cleanliness campaigns and skill devel- a sustainable relationship be worked out opment schemes at potential tourist destina- between the interests of wildlife and tourism. tions and circuits covering the whole coun- As for Assam wildlife tourism leaves try. The campaign expected to employ a much to be desired, there is tremendous balance of persuasion, education and train- scope for change. One aspect that has ad- ing (for staff and stake holders with the help versely impacted tourism in general in our of Indian army personnel), sensitization, dem- country, both foreign and domestic, relates onstration and regulation for achieving the to non-availability of quality or world class goal, and will be implemented in collabora- infrastructures and adequate or proper con- tion with Central and State governments, nectivity, compounded by unsatisfactory hy- concerned Ministries, Corporate sector, giene and cleanliness. Kaziranga Park often Travel and Trade agencies, NGOs, Educa- hits the media headlines for the wrong rea- tional institutions, Media and other Stake sons. The management of the park seems to holders. have failed to capitalise on its potentials. Years The plan includes a scheme for de- back a media report said, some foreign tour- velopment of nationally and internationally ists at a tourist lodge in Kaziranga had to important Destinations and Circuits through buy a pair of bulb to light up their rooms. mega projects. So far 47 mega projects They also, the report said, could not sleep have been identified, Out of these 32 due to stinking toilets and baths. Then again projects have been sanctioned already. The there is this very recent report as to how a mega projects would be a judicious mix of foreign tourist had to met with rude behav- cultures, heritage, spiritual and eco-tour- iour from an official of the park when he ism in order to give the tourists a holistic sought some information related to the park. perspective of India. However, this writer These things create barriers to full realization is not aware if any mega project or a cir- of our tourism potential. cuit has been allotted for Assam. In any The good thing is that Ministry of Tour- case, development projects in Assam have ism has taken the initiative to put in place a always been steeped in controversy and comprehensive strategic plan (beginning since apprehensions which undermine progress January 2012) to develop quality infrastruc- of the State.

R. C. Saikia a retired senior officer of B.R.P.L. An avid travller. Mr. Saikia writs regualarly on Nature and Wildlife and verious burning issuses of the state. Mobile No. 9678654542

84 A Stroke of Mesi Da

Kharga Narayan Dev Goswami

It was an event of 1967 or so. In that to the Police officer detailed for Forest duty period of time there was a planned and well- and about a dozen armed constables organised drive of encroachment followed in alongwith him. The menials required for the a series in Nambar South R.F. The areas eviction operation were also kept ready in were divided into plots and each plot was an old abandoned house near the inspection allotted to individuals who used to clear the bungalow after renovating the house. herbs, shrubs and trees and later on, the dried As settled the preliminaries in the pre- up materials were put to fire. Eviction of such vious day, we started our journey by 7 0clock organized encroachments was hard to deal morning. In one Lorry the constables and with specially with the limited manpower and the menials boarded and in another resources and so the task was considered ramshackled Jeep car myself with the police like a warhoop by the forest officers. The officer and few forest officers boarded. Af- Divisional Forest Officer entrusted me with ter traversing about 8 to 10 kms by the the task and I accepted the same as a call of vehicles, we reached the limit of the Nambor the duty even though with a pinch of salt. I Reserved Forest and started trudging along buckled on my armour for the errands ac- the footpaths taking to the interior of the cordingly. Forest. The footpaths were so narrow that I did set out by the morning train from we had to move in a single line along the Diphu and reached Sarupathar railway sta- network of footpaths criss-crossing the for- tion where I got down for the rest of the est. Most of the encroachers already wrig- journey to be taken by local chartered Bus. gled out of the scene sensing the imminent I reached my destination Naojan where we danger and so we had to dismantle the va- had a Forest Range Office. I called on the cant shanties from one side on. The shanties A.C.F. Shri Das who was the officer incharge were although constructed temporarily but of the Range. He was senior to me by a year were quite irremovable as good quality build- in our training college at Dehradun. He made ing materials like wooden posts, bamboos arrangement for my stay and food at the and that ches were all rounded up from the Inspection bungalow and also introduced me forest itself While dismantling the houses first

85 the bamboos and thatches were to be brought short time, there was no other chouce-than down, then the partitions were to be removed to adopt that modus operandi. On the other followed by uprooting the deeply planted hard hand there were chances that entire eviction wooden posts. Often uprooting of posts stood operations might had to stay put with the as a problem and we had to cut them to order from the Govt. as we were so expe- pieces making them unusable afterwards. All rienced in earlier such evictions. Coupled with these operations used to take almost an hour that it was also necessary to quicken the and half to get through only for one house. process to avoid incurring heavy expenses. In this manner if we were to follow the op- Above all, such fund was not adequately eration for hundreds of houses of encroach- allotted in the budget to run on the opera- ers, perhaps we would have taken several tions leisurely. It was incumbent upon me to days to accomplish the task. An experienced accept the modus operandi. officer of our team gave me an easy solution Before executing eviction of the houses, and accordingly we divided the team into 3 it was ascertained that no belonging in the smaller teams: I alongwith the Police house including the insitu products of orchard Hawaldar, two constables and 2 menials were or domestic animals and birds are effected constituted into one such team. In fact there by larceny committed from amongst the staff were no belongings worth the name left in- on duty. Notwithstanding such precautions side the houses, but the shanties were con- there was no denying the fact that one or structed only to keep the land under occu- two amongst the staff had on their hands pation and to make their stay whenever they with poultry and farm products like marrows; come for the purpose of farming in the area. pumpkins, ducks and cocks under a misty We used to keep all the belongings if there cover. Once whilein the process of eviction were any outside the house. It was gathered some belongings of a house came to my that these encroachers had their land and notice, where in some paper documents with houses elsewhere, but the encroachment was accounts of money transaction for allotment an attempt to add to their properties. There- of Forest land with the allottee encroachers fore the encroachers had till then not brought by a politically backed up local leader. The any belonging except some knick-knacks; nei- fountain head of organized encroachment in ther they brought their dependents to stay forest land could thus be revealed. My de- there. So I gave instruction to the staff ac- voted spirit of working for conservation was companying me to do the necessary disman- immensely hurt and my mind was filled with tling and by the time I turned my back; the revulsions towards the so called leaders. As houses were set ablaze and within a minute ill luck would have it, the particular leader the work involving one to one and half hour later on became member of Legislative As- time got done by this modus operandi. To sembly and once even he could adorn the complete eviction operations in a reasonably chair of a minister incharge of a department

86 in the Govt. of Assam. showed up in my mind and I became full The mission of eviction was arranged in with commiseration for the person whom I a series and my role was to set the prelimi- battered mercilessly for his attempt on my naries and sooner I proceeded to another life. The poor man must have had the pos- place with the Havildar than the fallo wers session of the forest land from the Kingpin accomplished the rest of the task. In a course of the organization of encroachment in lieu of of event I followed by the havildar advanced some amount of money, which he could along a narrow path in the forest. There was perhaps rake up from his poor earning. He a shrubby growth on the side of the path must have cherished a dream of a sweet which we were set to cross when I noticed conjugal life by possessing this land. "But suddenly a `mesi-da' (implement like machet) alas! We had done away with all his dreams having been hoisted up the shrubby crown; in a twinkling of the eye. He wanted to tell fortunately with my corners of the eyes and of his wrath on being shattered of his dreams impeded the attempted stroke on my neck by putting me to death. The leader who with my firm grip on his hand with the `Da'. brought them and gave possession of the land I escaped from the intended murder ‘Deo was then perhaps cosily sleeping somewhere volento’ but my fit tantrum girded up my away from the scene. On the other hand loins to pull out the person from behind the these poor persons arrested and brought to screen of the bush and battered him right the camp were compelled to spend the night and left with the cane batton which I carried like prisoners of war in a Cowshed like house in my hand. The person on his back skin got and had to endure the biting cold of the night inflicted with deepline of rips. At the close of wakefully. Fellow feelings fetched me a blow the operation of the day about 20-25 per- to my heart. I arranged for bread and tea for sons nabbed during the eviction operation the convicts and personally accosted with alongwith this person all put on to the Truck person whom I battered severely. I tried to and brought to our camp at Naojan. Al- hold him dearly so as to sober up my, com- though we are supposed to challan the con- punction for the infliction I caused to him. victs to the Police Station but due to late He stood like a drenched cat before me. His hours at 8.30 pm, when we reached our deepline of rips made by the lashes started camp, and the number of convicts being quite hovering before my mental picture. Even bulky it was not possible to give challan of though'there was no any indication in his facial the convicts to Police Station. So we de- contours those lash marks on his body ap- cided to keep them in the renovated old aban- peared to me as if they are making fun of me doned house by making arrangement of se- by declaring that the struggle for forest en- curity for the night. croachment will remain uninterrupted. Sev- After I completed my dinner by about eral leaders had already conjured up the 10 at night, instantaneously a feeling of guilt common people for a thorny struggle look-

87 ing out on immense loss of money, and putting no chance to curse me. on labour and sacrifice. Such a struggle will By the turn of events; 1 had a chance never ebb down without any fruitful result. to visit the same forest after a gap of thirty But it was sad to note that no one ever could years or so when 1 got promoted to the consider these forests as source for sustain- higher rank in the Deptt. It was a scene able development of the people itself, neither which on seeing 1 could not believe my they were concerned about nor they were own eyes. There existed fully packed vil- prepared to hear any sermon justifying the lages with extensive paddy fields. The road conservation at that peak of struggle. Under became a PWD metalled road in place of such a situation our cry for conservation will kutcha Forest road. We proceeed along remain a far cry in the remote forest and the this road by cars and observed the moths dreadfulness of their struggle for encroach- anJ rots picture of the forest which was ment in forest land took my heart with a once upon a time packed with trees. My grain of salt. Nevertheless, I applied an mind was filled with cogitation about the fate ointment on his injured part and served the of the forest and this is how a sepulture on impoverished dinner so that his soul had the death of the forest went the whole hog.

K. N. Devgoswami is a retired PCCF (Assam) and former Principal of S.F.S. College, Byrnihat. Mobile No. 8876802417

88 Our tribute to the legend : Dr. Bhupen Hazarika Lyrics and Visualization of Ethnography: The Craft of Dr. Bhupen Hazarika

I Irshad Ali Dr. Bhupen Hazarika (8.9.1926 - lyrics about people, society, culture, history, 5.11.2011), born Bhupendra Kumar ethno-history, all natural and physical phenom- Hazarika, an internationally reputed person, ena, ecology, environment, flora and fauna etc., was a genuine musician of the masses. From rather all these have made him to write lyrics. his tender age, Hazarika was influenced, in II addition to his parents (Nilakanta Hazarika and Music is a culturally meaningful, entoned Shantipriya Hazarika), by the philosophy of and rhythmized pattern of sounds. Every Sankaradev (1449-1568), the preacher of known society has music. According to Lomax neo-Vaishnavism, saint, poet, playwright, so- (1968) there are scales and wordiness of song cial reformer, artist and composer of Assam, texts, precision of articulation of words in song Jyotiprasad Agarwala and Bishnu Prasad text, frequency of solo singing, narrowness of Rabha. Hazarika considered both Jyotiprasad melodic intervals, absence of repetition, com- and Bishnu Rabha as his guides of social con- plexity of rhymes, presence of hetero phony sciousness, struggle and aesthetics. As a young and counterpoint and degree to embellishment. man, Hazarika had the privilege of having close Lomax has classified world's song-styles into rapport with Paul Robson, the Black cult-icon, a real type and has explained many of the simi- in America, whose influence in his life was im- larities in terms of diffusion, migration and vari- mense. During his lifetime, Hazarika wrote ous historical processes. Lomax has attempted nearly 40 books of different topics (poems, to delineate worldwide `music areas' in the stories, novels, dramas, art and culture) and context of `culture areas' and also to develog edited 5 magazines. Hazarika was given 80 a cross-culturally valid system of musical no- different honours and awards for his achieve- tation called ‘cantometrics’. He relates musi- ment in different fields. This multifaceted gen- cal expression to cultural pattern in general and ius had created a world for himself in which also to the degree of social stratification, which he attempted to observe, gain experience and Lomax argues is correlated with the complex- to understand all the conceivable activities of ity of musical systems. people to discover the meaning of humanity. Modern trends in ethnom usicology have It could be stated that Hazarika did not write been strongly influenced by the linguistic mod- 89 els and methods, employing models from structural diversity, it has been found that elabora- tural linguistics in order to understand musical tion of song part also corresponds to the com- focus or attempting to correlate musical and plexity of a socieh-. If cross-cultural results linguistic features within given cultural contexts. about music are valid, they should be able to Ethnomusicology is the study and cross- explain change over time as well as variation cultural comparison of musical systems in non- within a society. Music is responsive to cul- Wester n context and of the relationship be- tural change and at times expresses conflict, tween music and cultural or social factors. An- discontent and instability. thropologist Franz Boas was influential in en- III couraging his students to record musical and Ethnography literally means `a portrait of other artistic data as a source of information people'. Anthropologists undertake the study about culture and to explore the relationship of people and put forward detailed descrip- between musical and cultural phenomena. Fol- tion of their study. Ethnography refers to a lowing Boas, Herskovits (1948) examined the special strategy of anthropological research relation between music and culture. and its products. Ethnography refers to the Ethnomusicological studies are usually process and also to the product of the proc- based on some kind of anthropological theory. ess and it is the `raw material' of social an- These studies have analyzed music as an as- thropology (Beattie 1964:18). Ethnographic pect of culture. Perhaps the most fascinating field work gives rise to the text (Ranjan problem is to demonstrate that the forma: 2011:59). Broadly, ethnography deals with structural aspects of music are influenced by social structure, social life of the people, ritual nonmusical aspects of culture or express deep and belief, knowledge and tradition, language mental structures which are culturally trans- and material culture. mitted. The emergence of ethnographic film which Song lyrics are especially valuable data. dates back to the 1920s has facilitated in the Because in every culture they reveal some of promotion of ethnography to the public. In the deep-seated values and concerns of the 1922, Robert Flaherty made a classic ethno- society. Song lyrics sometimes disclose be- graphic film entitled Nanook of the North. liefs, sentiments, attitudes, or values not ex- Ethnographic film is a relatively new area of pressed in any other mode of communication. ethnographic studies which redords visually Variations in music, as in other arts are related different aspects of the study of society and to other aspects of culture. On the basis of a culture. The use of ethnographic film has made cross-cultural study of more than 3, 500 folk ethnographic writings, pictures, maps etc. songs from a sample of world's societies, easier to understand and interesting (Rai 1997; Lomax and his associates have found that song Sohay 1993). styles vary with -cultural variation and diver- IV sity. In associating variation in music with cul- The first lyric written by Bhupen Hazarika

90 was Kusumbar Putra Sri Sankar Gurue mous American anthropologist Margaret Dharisil Namare Tan... in 1931, when he was Mead (1901-1975) who used to teach the just 11 years old and it was published in a hand- topic of `anthropology and education'. Mead written school magazine. This lyric of Hazarika is best known for bringing the results of an- has reference to the ritual, belief and philoso- thropological research to the general public. phy of the neo-Vaishnavite moment of She has written extensively on American edu- Sankaradev. Datta (1996: 205-208) has re- cational institutions and on means for improv- ferred to Sankardev's knowledge of the ing them. She advocated for schools that were ethnocultural background of the people of this better integrated into the entire community.In region and his genuine concern for its people. her early career she studied tribal groups of In the lyrics and other writings of Hazarika, New Guinea, Samua and Manus. the influence of Sankaradev is quite apparent. In his transcript autobiography, Hazarika Dutta (2011) has divided the lyrics of (1991:49-50) has referred to his interactions Hazarika into a number of broad categories: with his teacher Margaret Mead. Mead used lyrics of heritage and past; lyrics of political to address Hazarika as `Bhup'. In German lan- contexts, social revolution and social move- guage the meaning of `Bhup' is son/ boy. Hav- ment; lyrics of social context; lyrics of human- ing met Mead closely, Hazarika gained confi- ism; romantic lyrics; lyrics of patriotism; lyrics dence of going ahead in the path which he had of self-expression of Hazarika; lyrics of con- chosen since the early years of his life. temporary issues; lyrics for children; lyrics of Hazarika had already chosen the medium of folk and other songs and lyrics of film songs. music and mass communication for self-ex- In overwhelming majority of the lyrics of pression. His exposure to America, associa- Hazarika, one finds the reference to history, tion with a number of scholars including ethnohistory, ethnic groups, ethnolingustics, Margaret Mead and several media personali- inter-ethnic relations. The presence of ethno- ties made Hazarika decided to take up an- graphic elements in a host of the lyrics written other medium i.e. film (feature, documentary, and a few films made by Hazarika is a char- ethnographic and telefilm) - with a view to visu- acteristic feature of his creations. This is largely alizing empirical reality of society and culture due to his concern for people, society and (Hazarika 1991:98). Just after submitting his culture since the early years of his life. Ph. D. thesis, Hazarika received a fellowship In September 1949, Hazarika went to for six tnonths from Chicago University, which America to obtain master degree in mass com- supported him for practical research on the munication from Columbia University. During cinematic medium (Dutta 2002:44). the four years he spent in the U.S., in addition Between 1956 to 1990 Hazarika made to the master degree, he also completed Ph. 10 feature (including one telefilm) and 9 docu- D. During his study and research in Columbia mentary films. Unfortunaty the films made by Univeristy, Hazarika attended classes of fa- Hazarika have not been properly preserved

91 (Das 2011). Besides scoring music for more Bandhure in 1959. The theme of this film is than 100 films (including documentary and the life of the mahuts of Goalpara. The mes- telefilrns) of various Indian languages. Like- sage which Hazarika wanted to give to the wise, from 1939 to 2011, Hazarika rendered people of the world was that it was an effort song for nearly 60 films, wrote lyrics for 40 of recording and keeping alive of an extinting films and also acted in 7 films between 1939 form of folklore (Hazarika 1911:96). The then and 1992. Of the total films made by Hazarika, Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru, at least 5 films are exceptional in terms of invited Hazarika to screen the film in Delhi. theme, quality, content and treatment. These Nehru was much impressed by the fact that 5 films are: Era Bator Sur, 1956, (`Melody of Hazarika had made the film by using only one Paths, left Behind'; trans: Dutta 2002); Mahut simple movie camera and by using various Bandhure (1959); Pratidhwani (1964); Siraj improvised technical aids. A large of number (1988) and Miri Jiori (telefilm, 1990). of local people and folk artistes acted in the Hazarika's first film, Era Batar Sur, is a film. The folksongs of the film were of the romantic, musical and his autobiographical Goalporia dialect. film. In this film, Hazarika included a varieties From the point of view of visual anthro- of folk performances (songs and dances) of pology, Mahut Bandhure contains a large the North-Eastern region.* Prior to the release number elements of ethnographic film, and of the first film by Hazarika, Satyajit Ray's through this film Hazarika has narrated the PatherPanchali was released in 1955. The story through the eyes of the people, their is Bengali newspaper Arnrit Bazar Patrika, re- own story in their own language. This is a viewing Hazarika's film stated `Bhupen paradign of interactions through the total in- Hazarika: A serious challenge to Satyajit Ray' digenous range of human communication. This (Barua 2011:34). approach in anthropological parlance is re- It has already been mentioned that while ferred to as `emic' which refers to ,the insider, pursuing study and research in Columbia be- folk or indigenous view of culture. Contrary tween 1949 and 1952, Hazarika met Margaret to this, outsiders view of culture is referred to Mead. She discussed various aspects of life as `etic' (Pike 1954). of the people of this part of India with Hazarika's another film Pratidhwani, Hazarika. One of their topics of discussion was made in 1964, was based on a folkltale of the the catching of elephants, folk songs and cus- Khasis of Meghalaya which dealt with the love toms associated with this custom among the story between Manik Raitong and Lien people of Western Assam (Hazarika 1991:50). Makau. This film also emphasized the nature It appears that the thought of making a film on of integration and unity between the peoples the mahuts (elephant keepers) came to of the plains and the hills. Later, this film was Hazarika's mind which was later given a con- dubbed to Khasi language and released un- crete shape in the form of his making of Mahut der the title Ka Sharati. Pratidhwani is one of

92 the few Indian regional films kept in the film cial engineer', dealt with human materials and archives of France. utilized socio-cultural resources, social forces The Assamese film Siraj was made in and factors. Hazarika was a `Jajabar' who 1948 jointly by Phani Sharma and Bishnu wandered, throughout his life undertaking Rabha. Hazarika sang two songs for this film ekotar beha - weaving human love the world and also played the role of hero in the film. over. The future generations will be left with Hazarika remade Siraj in 1988 which he had the legacy of Bhupen Hazarika - the lyricist, directed. The central theme of this film is the singer, musician, composer, actor, artist, film unity among the Hindus and the Muslims of director, dramatist, litterateur, journalist, edi- Assam. This issue had been one of the pri- tor, academician, accomplished mass commu- mary concerns of Hazarika throughout his life. nicator, humanist and culturologist. The peo- Miri Jiori was the last film made by ple of Assam, the North-East and the world, Hazarika in 1990 in the format of telefilm. This the river Brahmaputra and finally humanity telefilm is based on a novel of the same name world over were Bhupen Hazarika's life and written by novelist Rajanikanta Bordoloi. The love. theme of the novel is the love-story between Bibliography Panei and Janki. This telefilm has also pre- Amar Asom. 2012, 18 January, 25 January and sented various folk customs, songs and dances 30 January, Guwahati, News item on the sound track of Era Bator Sur. of the Mishings. Barbara, C. Ayres, 1973, 'Effects of Infant Car- Some of the most significant elements rying Practices on Rhythm in Music', Ethos. 1. 387- embodied in a large number of the lyrics of 404. Hazarika are unity, socio-cultural relations and Baruah, Santanu Kaushik, Tathakoxat Bhupan understanding among different ethnic groups, Hazarika : Xadhana, Xiddhi Aru Sistri. Guwahati, 2011. humanism and secularism. With a view to es- Boas, Franz, Primitive Art, Cambridge, Havard tablishing socio-cultural understanding among University Press, 1927. peoples, societies and cultures, Hazarika, Beattie, John, Other Cultures. London, armed with musical and intellectual pursuit, Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd., 1964. travelled from the remotest part of North-East Das, Arunlochan, Bhupen Hazarikar Cinemabur Sangrakhan Hoi Nathakil, Dainik Asom, and the bank of the Brahmaputra to the world Guwahati, 11 November 2011. over. In the process, Hazarika had to lead a Datta, Birendranath, Sankardeva and the life of a'roving minstrel', a scholar wanderer, a Tribals of North-East India, in Essays on Sankardeva ‘roving nomad’ - a Jajabar'. (Ranjit Kumar Dev Goswami ed.), Guwahati, Forum IV for Sankaradeva Studies, 1996. pp. 205-208. Dutta, Dilip Kumar, Bhupen Hazarikar Git Aru Bhupen Hazarika's mission of life was to Jiban Rath, Guwahati, Banalata, fifth edn. 2011. build the bridge of understanding, unity and Dutta, Arup Kumar, Bhupen Hazarika: The integration among the people of the world. To Roving Minstrel, New Delhi, Rupa & Co., 2002. build the bridge of unity, Hazarika, as a `so- Henry, Edward O, The Variety of Music in a North Indian Village- Reassessing Cantometrics, 93 Ethnomusicology, 1976. pp.20, 49-66. Guwahati, 2010. Hazarika, Bhupen, AmiEkJajabor, A transcript Pike, Kenneth, Etic and Emic Standpoints for the autobiography, transcribed by Himangshu Description of Behaviour, In Communication and Cul- Chattopadhyaya, Kolkata, Mousumi Prakashan ture, Alfred Swmith (ed.) New York, Holt Rinehart and 1991. Winston, 1966. pp. 152-163. Hazarika, Surjya Kanta (ed.), Dr. Bhupen Rai, Samir, An Introduction of Visual Anthro- Hazarikar Geet Samagra, S.H. Educational Trust, pology, Allahabad, K. K. Publication Allahabad, Guwahati, 2010. 1997. Herskovits, Melville J, Man and His Works, Ranjan, Geetika, Ethnography of Develop- New York, Knopt Melvill, 1948. ment: Challenges and Promises, The NEHU Journal, Lomax, Alan (ed.), Folksong Style and Culture, 2011, Vol X, No. 2, 49-62. American Association for the Advancement of Sci- Sahay, K.N, Visual Anthropology in India and ence, Publication No. 88, Washington D.C, 1968. Its Development, Gyan Publishing House, New : Cantometrics. New York, 1977. Delhi, 1993. Mead, Margaret, Educational Effects of So- * The present author recorded in cassettee cial Environment as Disclosed by Studies of Primi- the sound track of Era Batar Sur in 1987. Later, this tive Societies, in Symposium on Environment and personal collection of the author was transferred to Education, ed. F.W. Burgess et.al., Chicago: Univer- CD and was formally donated by the author to the sity of Chicago Press 1942. ‘Bhupen Hazarika Museum’ at Sankardev Pathak, Tarani and Dakua Manomati Pathak, Kalakhetra, Guwahati, on 17"January, 2012. Bhupen Hazar ikar Geet Samagra. Pathak Prakashan,

Irshad Ali retd. H.O.D (Anthropology) GU.

94 Spiritualism in Conservation

R. N. Chowdhury

The experts are of opinion that there is to change of biosphere favoured by natural drastic reduction of huge number of species selection of diversified species of vegetative of flora and fauna in the world and the speed and animal kingdoms, the evolutionally devel- of extinction of rare types of vegetative spe- oped once cannot come immediately, thus cies as well as animals have, in recent years deteriorating the quality of environment all over taken such a momentum that drastic climatic the world. changes and disruption of congenial ecologi- No doubt, it is the increasing human need cal environments are already noticed in many that has forced the people to go for further countries of the globe. The reason behind the and further clearance of natural environments great threat on the bio-sphere and ecology and over exploitation of forests, minerals, air throughout the globe is nothing but the ad- and water resources; but nobody can deny verse activities of the mankind only. the fact that mostly it is the greed of owning In an article it was published sometime and accumulating more and more wealth by back that the United Nations have speculated the rich and solvent people living in higher that with a human population of approx 6 bil- standards that have made common people lions, now, we ourselves are rapidly destroy- poorer and poorer day by day. These poor, ing the irreplacable ecosystems. The human starving people are put to use or induced them- population explosions, if increases in its present selves to go for further exploitation and en- growth rate, shall perhaps be double in hun- croachment into forest and natural environ- dred years time. Leaving aside the already ments and also to settle down in most unfit extinct species, a total of 1.4 million species and non-congenial atmosphere to thrive and of animals, plants, fungi and microbes have so fight for living. These people are further ex- far been identified, described and named sci- ploited by the effluent society for their own entifically. The Biologists say that of these, benefit. about 27,000 species per year are being lost No law of the country, however strict and the death of rare ones are much quicker. they may be, have been successfully operat- Though it is a regular phenomenon of ing in preservation of flora and fauna and other coming to existence of some new species due natural resources. In our own country and the

95 state, torest areas are heavily encroached into, 99, 37 forest employees have been killed by resources indiscriminately destroyed and thus the terrorists in Bastar area in MP. The staff the natural harmony and congenial atmospheres of the forest in Indrabati Tiger Resrve can not are damaged to create a chaotic condition do the petrolling since last some years in view everywhere. The crooked political moves, of the terrorism there. What the dreaded smug- corruption by individuals, even by the great gler Veenappan could do in Zmuguly Politicians, Administrators, Technocrats, Po- sandelwood and elephant tusks in Andra lice, Judges etc. are very very common in our Pradesh and Orissa with the help of terrorism country. There are territorial disputes between is known to all. Killing of forest staff and open the countries and neighbouring states, which smuguly of wealth including wildlife is happen- have further deteriorated the situations and ing through out India and more so after inde- bordering forest areas; the subversive activi- pendence of the country. Everyone in the earth ties of so many anti-social elements have fur- and universe is the creation of Nature, the ther worsened the deteriorating forest areas universal conciousness, the Divine Wisdom. where, practically there is no administration. Everything in the universe and beyond in the Thus the whole country rather the whole world outerspace has very intricately woven relation- is very badly in threat of ecological disrup- ship of harmony and that is the Divine Spirit tions. bidding all in oneness. This is the core teach- In recent years, we are facing a full-blown ings of all the religions of the world. Unless armed assault on our wildlife sanctuaries and this feeling hanmonious of co-existence and National Parks thought out India. Reports from one ness of the Nature the universal spirit is Manas National Park (NP) in Assam, Dampa felt by the human species there will not be any N. P. in Mizoram, Namdepha in Arunachal inner feeling of love and reverence to all items Pradish Simlipal in Orissa, Ovua in Kashmir, of Nature, which is so beautitiful and will ar- Godchiroli in Maharastra, almost in all parts range in the Cosmos. of Indian continente revel that timbers, Ivory, Strict human population control, very Rhino horn etc. are illegally extracted by strong and much stricter implementation of unccrupulous traders with the help of armed rules and regulations, strong Govt and Public trained gangs. Huge amount of money accrued body actions, global awareness etc. all are most from illicit timber, Forest resources and wild- necessary now; but over and above, human life poachany is fed back again to anmed ethics and religious feelings of love; compas- groups of India and abroad through interna- sion and mutual respect to the people and natu- tional terrorists. In Kaziranga too whenever ral resources and natural environment-plants, poachings are going, the involvement of trained animals, minerals, soil, water and air all being armed gangs are there; with sophisticated the God's manifestations must fill in the mind armes they very early win-oven forest patrol- of all people. They all have life, a core source ling parties. It is reported that farm 1992 to of energy i.e. God's spark in them; that is the

96 nucleus of all atoms. Logos– Every human being is Divine essence, The gospel of love enriches and fulfills contains within himself all the qualities and pow- the human life, gives bliss and happiness. Con- ers which is Divinity – Sufferings inflicted on servation is inherent in spiritual life of oriental others recoil inevitably on wrong-doers, sooner culture, nature is blended in conciousness-this or later." is an inner feeling in religions which everybody We, all human beings are brothers and must know and cultivate. We must have feel- sisters. After all this is the only one earth, our ings and reverence that is the ethics towards mother earth where we the only human spe- nature whom we should preserve and protect cies, the mankind is to live with the limited and utilize only for our bare needs, that too space and limited natural resources-air, wa- with much care. Why should our poor human ter and soil, the plants the animals and the brothers and sisters be allowed to starve, can minerals there in. We must have mutual re- we not spare some of our wealth for their liv- spect and a good feeling to live with all these ing? Let everybody live in peace and harmony. in harmony for hundred and thousands of ‘Every solar system is a perfectly ordered years to come. This is ecoethics, eco-Dharma mechanism which is not only governed by im- or the religious Divine feeling which we must mutable bars of Nature; but is the menifestation cultivate for our own existence in the con- of a transcendent Intelligence which is God or genial ecological environment.

Note : This article was once published in the 1999 issue of ‘ECO’ in N-E Forest Ranger’s College magazine

R. N. Chowdhury is one of the founder member of Kaziranga Wildlife Society. His also involed in theosophi- cal activities. Ph. No. 0361-2547339

97 Conserving Our Wildlife Heritage

Vikram Aditya Saikia

Conserving wildlife in today's world in very or maybe the food-web, which may even effect neither a important matter nor an inconsiquential human life. if trees and other plants (flora) were matter. As the world is growing economically continuosly been cut, it will harm the ecosystem people are making more money and caring less in such a harsh way that Global Warming will be about nature and it's beauty. l had read a story, bound to occur. Harming one ecosystem will ‘Leave the cuckoo alone to sing it's song’. The effect others ecosystems relating to it. story tells you about a when a cuckoo bird starts If by any chance the elephant corridors singing, the city people are annoyed by it's sound could be diverted, it would be better for the ani- and drives it away. This might sound very sim- mals and the villagers, if there was much inter- ple to any city person, but the ironic part is, that est put in diverting the passages the elephants people think they're very civilised but if they can't would safely reaching their goal and the people stand the sound of a cuckoo bird they are not as in the society would have no problem. The peo- civilised as they think. ple should do something to attract the elephants Our goverment should take deeper steps.to in another direction for food and water, although protect the wild plants and animals. Elephants it is tough, it will be very helpful for the society rhinoes and such other mammals have a certain and animals. Diverting the corridor of elephants corridor (path) in which they always go for drink- may take a lifetime, as the elephants have been ing water from a certain stream or a lake and taking the same paths since centuries. Elephants eating fruits vegetables from a .certain source. and rhinoes are being killed by the villagers as But villagers are building houses in the elephant the villagers have made houses and huts in the corridors, as the elephants rampage along to the elephant corridors, which f have mentioned be- food sources, they break down the huts and fore. houses. The villagers, due to lack of knowledge People should contribute as much as they don't seem to notice their mistake-The govern- can to Wild-life conserving societies, because the ment should either educate the people or find a more ideas come out, the better. Even the gov- better way to conserve the animals, like making ernment will obtain more ideas to conserve flora more sanctuaries and wildlife parks. If the eco- and fauna. Once people start caring enough, the system is harmed, it harms the entire food-chain Earth shall be a much better place to live on .

Vikram Aditya Saikia is a Eighth Grade student of The Royal Global School, Guwahati.

98 Deepor Beel : An Endangered Wetland

Pia Radhika Hazarika

BRIEF INFORMATION ABOUT currently estimated to cover 9.27 sq km. THE PLACE However the actual water body is only 4.1 Deepor Beel (Beel means wetland or Sq Km.Depth of the Beel ranges about 6 m large aquatic body in Assamese) located about to 1.5 m depending on the season, monsoon 15 km southwest of Guwahati city is or dry season. The site is reported to support considered as one of the large and important a number of Il.'CN red-listed species. riverine wetlands in the Brahmaputra valley of Deepor Beel has both biological and lower Assam, India. environmental importance besides being the Deepor Beel is an open lake basin only major storm water storage basin for connected with a set of inflow and out flow Guwahati city. It is considered as one of the channels. Originally, the beel had its natural staging sites for migratory birds in India; and linkages with the river Brahmaputra through some of the large congregations of aquatic the Sola Beel and the swampy areas of Pandu birds in Assam during winter. Considering the to the northeast. richness of the bird varieties found in the Beel, Due to construction of residential the Birdlife International has declared Deepor buildings, NH-37 and Railway line the main Beel as an Important Bird Area (IBA) with link has already been disrupted and it remains high priority for conservation. as a small secondary channel. A perennial Deepor beel provides a means of stream originating from Basistha runs through livelihood for a number of local families. the heart of the beel and joins the river Nymphaea nuts, flowers, etc., are harvested Brahmaputra through Khanamukh towards for sale in the local markets and these constitute north of the Beel. The stream is also fed by valuable natural crops. The seeds of giant water Bharalu River. lily, annually leased by the government revenue Documents indicate, including those department, are also another major source of submitted by the UNESCO, that, Deepor beel revenue after fish. is spread over an area of 40.14 sq km during The Beel is reported to support threatened the monsoon (including encroached/reclaimed/ species of birds like spotbilled pelican, lesser developed area of 30.8km). The Beel is adjutant stork, greater adjutant stork, black

99 necked stork, and large whistling teal. It and Garbhanga hills forming the backdrop. The supports 50 fish species belonging to 19 families. geologic and tectonic history of the region It is reported that the local people provides the links to the hydrology and channel traditionally utilise the beel for harvesting fish dynamics of rivers and pattern, and intensity and molluscs and for collecting fodder for of land use in the area. The Beel is made up of domestic cattle, natural food, such as, gneisses and schist's of the Geological age. vegetables, flowers, aquatic seeds, etc. Hydrology ETYMOLOGY The Beel acts as a natural storm water The name Deepor Beel is stated to be reservoir during the monsoon season for the derivative of the `Sanskrit' word 'Dipa' which Guwahati city. The Beel has a perennial water means Elephant and `Beel' means wetland or spread area of about 10.1 k m2, which extends large aquatic body in Assamese language, thus: up to 40:1 km2 during floods. However, an "Lake inhabited by Elephants". area of 414 ha has been declared as ‘‘Deepor HISTORY Beel Sanctuary’’ by the Government of Assam. As per a Remote Sensing Study the It is claimed that this Beel was an wetland area is reported to have reduced to important dockyard of the Tai-Ahom as well 14.1% (405 ha) from 1990 to 2002. as the Mughals. It is also stated that Kampitha and Rambrai(Meghalaya), supreme political Climate authorities had control over this area. Geographically it lies between latitude 0 / 0 0 ACCESS: 26 5 to 26 11'N and longitude 91 35' to 91043'E and the temperature vary from 10.60 National Highway NH-31 passes to 320C. It receives an annual rainfall of 2500- alongside the northwestern boundary of 3500mm. Relative humidity varies between Deepor Beel. National Highway NH-37 50.5% in winter to 82.5% in summer. borders on the east and northeast, whereas During the winter months, when the size the Engineering College road passes along the of the lake reduces in area by about fifty northern periphery. The Deepor Beel Lake is percent, the shore area is cultivated with rice located at a distance of 5-kilometers from the paddy when the climate is also relatively cool Guwahati LGBI Airport, while the broad- and dry. The tropical monsoon climate gauge railway line skirts around the lakeside. prolongs from May to September when it is CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AREA: humid. Pre-monsoon showers are experienced between March and May. Topography and geology Biodiversity in Deepor Beel and its values The Beel is bounded by the steep Deepor Beel provides a wide array of highlands on the north and south, and the valley habitats for many organisms including many formed has a broad U-shape with the Rani

100 economically important and endangered globally threatened bird species including species of animals and plants. Spot-billed Pelican, Lesser Adjutant Stork, Baer's Pochard Ferruginous duck, Pallas's Sea Flora Eagle, Greater Adjutant Stork and Slender- Aquatic vegetation like water hyacinth, billed vulture. aquatic grasses, water lilies and other submerged, emergent and floating vegetation, Aqua Fauna Euryale ferox, a giant waterlily with edible Surveys have revealed 20 amphibian, 12 seeds, are leased to earn revenue for the lizards, 18 snakes and 6 turtle and tortoise government. species in the Beel. Over 50 commercially A total of 18 genera of phytoplankton viable species of fish, belonging to 19 families are reported from the core area of the Beel have been identified, which supplies stock to ecosystem. other nearby wetlands and rivers. Deciduous forest within the Beel basin is The Beel provides food, acts as a Tectona grandis-or the Common Teak. spawning and nursery water body; some of The Spider flowers at Deepor Beel are the species breed within the Beel. The rich fish of the white/purple variety. fauna includes many commercially valuable In the surrounding forest area, aquarium species such as snakeheads and large catfish. plants, medicinal plant and orchids of The freshwater fish is a vital protein source commercial value are reported. for local communities as well as generating an income for many local fishermen. Ava fauna (Birds) : The fishery, which is the source of income This enormous wetland system provides for these communities, is stated to be directly an important breeding and feeding grounds for dependant on the health of this wetland millions of water fowl. 219 species of birds ecosystem. including more than 70 migratory species are reported in the Beel area. The largest Fauna : congregations of aquatic birds can be seen, Wild Asian Elephants, Leopard, Jungle particularly in winter, with a reported recorded Cat and the protected Barking Deer, Chinese count of 19,000 water birds in a day. Porcupine and Sambar are found in the Beel. Among the large number of migratory Herds of elephants are reported in theBeel. water fowl, the Siberian crane regularly Two mammals present in the periphery of migrates to this habitat during its annual Deepor Beel, Irriwaddy Squirrel and Hoolock journey. This is in addition to the large Gibbon, are listed as a vulnerable and congregation of residential water birds seen in endangered species, respectively, in IUCN the lake. Red List of threatened species. This site is vital for the existence of several

101 Utility of the Beel the city and the adjoining areas. Deepor beel supports an important fishery l Construction of broad-gauge railway reported to provide directly or indirectly, its line on the periphery of the Beel. natural resources for the livelihood of 14 l Lack of a comprehensive Villages (1200 families) located in the precincts management policy with adequate beside domestic water supply. Nymphaea nuts, institutional flowers, etc., are harvested for sale in the local l Illegal land use and settlement in and markets and these constitute valuable natural around the wetland crops. The seeds of giant water lily, annually l Unplanned intensive fishing practices leased by the government revenue department, (both during day and night) are also another major revenue earning source l Brick manufacturing kilns and soil after fish. cutting within the ecosystem. Research question : How is Deepor l Hunting, trapping and killing of wild Beel getting endangered? birds and mammals During the past few decades the Deepor l Garbage dumping near the wetland Beel area has undergone rapid changes due from the city. to industrialization, agricultural activities, forest l Allotment of the government vacant cover change in the adjoining reserved forests, land to private party by Government and human settlement within the wetland and settlement department its buffer zone; resulting in an imbalance in the Analysis of soil and water samples for wetland eco-system. Moreover, the inflow of quality test. This was done with the help of storm water from Guwahati City to the Beel is University student who on research work. degrading its water quality causing a hazardous Data collected reveals that the pH of the water environment for the aquatic flora and fauna. collected from 10 sampling points across the The threats to Deepor Beel are typical of Beel was between 4.7 and 6.9.The highly wetlands in this region and other developing acidic condition of the water of Deepor Beel countries. could be due to high level of putrification of the aquatic vegetation, lack of water flow and DETERIORATION OF THE BEEL continuous inflow of city sewage and industrial The major reasons reported in the Beel wastes into the beel. There is high level of ecosystem over the past 50 or 60 years are: domestic pollution. The values of heavy metals l Proliferation of human settlements, in the Beel water were also found to be very roads, and industries around the high. periphery causing pollution problems. Soil quality: The site is characterized by The Government declared protected clayey soils. The results show that the moisture land has also been encroached. retention capacity of the soil is low. Soil of the l Waste water from different parts of area is slightly basic.

102 CONSERVATION THREATS enforcement is poor. The area is patrolled by The intensive fishing activities, prevalent the fishery department. A comprehensive throughout day and night, causes a management plan is under preparation and considerable disturbance and also there is there is a proposal to declare the whole beel heavy hunting pressure on water birds. Large area as a protected area. numbers of water birds are netted illegally Public Participation: during the winter months for consumption and as well as sale in the local markets. The Several public, private institutions and adjacent forests areas are being felled to universities are involved in creating the supply timber for sawmills, leading to heavy awareness of the Ecological importance of the erosion, which in turn is causing rapid siltation beel like: in the beel. Pesticides and fertilizers are l RAMSAR CONVENTION holds widely used on adjacent agricultural land, and seminars to create awareness of the enter the lake in runoff. beel's uniqueness. l Endangered Species: Most of the l ARANYAK, an NGO Organisation wetland bird species, fish, amphibians, set up to foster conservation of aquatic reptiles and some mammals biodiversity in NE India through are in danger due to the threats to this research, environmental education, wetland system. The livelihood of tribal capacity building and advocacy for and fisherman community in villages legal and policy reform to usher a new around the Deepor Beel is also at risk era of ecological security has taken up because of ongoing habitat ‘‘Deepor Beel Community degradation. Conservation Project’’. l IUCN lists following species found in l To reduce anthropogenic pressure by Deepor Beel under the Red List of providing for alternative and diversified Threatened Species: Birds, Spot- means of livelihood to the people. It billed Pelican, Lesser Adjutant Stork, started Self Help Groups(SHG) to Pallas's Sea Eagle Slender-billed strengthen their options through diverse vulture Ferruginous duck and Greater means and gather their support in the Adjutant Stork and themammals, Conservation of Deepor Beel as Asiatic Elephant, Irriwaddy Squirrel Wetland Ecosystem and Hoolock Gibbon etc. l North Dakota State University, USA has created a website as a tool to Conservation Measures facilitatye better understanding of the The Government of Assam declared 414 concepts and practice in environmental hectare of the beel area as a sanctuary management and also undertook a (Deepor Beel Sanctuary). Shooting and bird- "Case Study of Deepor Beel Wetland trapping are prohibited by law, but 103 Management". presence of human, wildlife will cease to l The Animal Ecological Laboratory in occupy not only the active wetland area but the Department of Zoology, Guwahati buffer zone as well. Garbage dumping is University has been involved in the extremely detrimental to the water quality and biological studies of the beel. scenic beauty of the wetland. Evaluation It needs to be restated that degradation of Deepor Beel has primarily been the result My observation and studies revealed that of a lack of comprehensive or coordinated our neglect and abuse have left the Wetland in governmental control. The poorly organized a highly degraded state. Spoils and garbage management system threatens the very are dumped into the wetlands of Deepor Beel existence of a unique wetland that is a source channel, effectively destroying the wetland of livelihood to indigenous tribal and fisherman environment. The loss of the historic communities as well as the home to connections between the wetlands has resulted endangered flora and fauna. in the loss of many of its ecological functions and many native species can no longer live at Suggestive Measures : the wetlands because of the degraded habitat. Restoring the natural structure and There are three key problems: function of the Deepor Beel Wetlands will give (1) Garbage dumping, native species a chance to recover and thrive. (2) Land settlement in and around Deepor The Deepor Beel Wetlands Restoration beel, and Project will return the flow of waters, maintain (3) The lack of a comprehensive freshwater circulation and support a more management plan with a sole oversight agency. natural and healthy ecosystem. Creating these At this time garbage dumping and suitable habitats and natural conditions will settlement continue. The current status of the allow wetland vegetation to flourish and attract problem can only be described in terms of the the insects, reptiles, amphibians, fishes, birds effect on the delicate ecosystem and and mammals that call wetlands home. This indigenous people of Deepor Beel. Most of revitalization will also provide the community the details have been stated above regarding with a valuable educational resource and an the dependence of endangered species, opportunity to create meaningful connections surrounding villages and the local and regional with the natural environment. ecosystems on Deepor Beel. This can be possible if: The municipal garbage dumping practice 1. Encroachments and settlements around continues despite protests from various groups the Beef periphery is eliminated as it is and individuals thus reducing the physical area the prime reason for reduction of the of the wetland. However, the reduction in the wetland. ecological habitat is greater. Due to the 2. Train stops on the boundary of the Beef

104 to be discontinued to protect the fauna. be developed and promoted as fisheries and 3. Raise suitable plantations on either side tourist attractions, providing gainful of the railway line to reduce noise level. employment avenues to thousands. It is time 4. Eco-restoration of surrounding forest we spared a serious thought to secure the area (reserved forests) health and well-being of the wetlands, as, in 5. Preserve effectiveness of the Beel as the long run, our own survival is very much storm water confinement basin for dependent on the environment. Guwahati city and creation of additional My project work has given me an insight storage capacity in the naturally to our environmental degradation and made depressed areas within the greater me realise how we are endangering our planet metropolitan area. and how much precious flora and fauna we 6. Guwahati city runoff, which includes have lost with our carelessness. We should sewage, to be treated before all join hands for a safer and pollution free discharging. planet by harnessing all resources and coming 7. Discontinue land cutting, Brick Kilns up with a feasible and effective Management and industrial development in the plan with representative from concerned periphery of the Beel(wetland). fields to act on it. 8. Prohibit Government settlements and preserve it to its natural state. Bibliography 9. We can plan to encourage bird related eca-tourism and conservation 1. www.google;le.com education 2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland CONCLUSION 3.http://thestar.com.my/lifestyle/story.asp? file=/2007/2/6lifefocus/16772787&sec=lifefocus. World Wetlands Day theme is ‘‘Healthy 4. Ecology and Environment by P.D.Sharma wetlands; Healthy People’’ and appropriately 5. Perspective in Environmental Studies- by Kaushik and Kaushik describes the intimate relationship between a 6. Guwahati Water Bodies(Preservation and wetland and its neighbouring people. Conservation) Bill, 2008 It is not just Deepor beel, but thousands 7. Environmental Management (IGCSE Core of other wetlands in the State that are on the text) by John Pallister verge of dying. Assam is the country's richest 8. Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Nature and Science from TIME LIFE State in terms of wetland with over 5,000 9. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE wetlands having a minimum area of 2.25 STUDY OF LOWER AND HIGHER ORGANISMS hectares. All these are invaluable assets to AND THEIR FUNCTIONAL ROLE 1N THE the State - both ecologically and DEEPOR BEEL ECOSYSTEM by Dr. Prasanta Kumar economically. While many of the wetlands are Saikia, Principal Investigator Animal Ecology & Wildlife Biology Lab., Department of Zoology, to be protected strictly from the Gauhati University. environmental perspective, many others can

105 Whose Space is it anyway?

Meghali

The ties between man and nature had al- lenge of depredation. The need of the hour is ways been, strang even sacrosanct and abid- proactive buffers of holistic understanding. ing till man started arrogating spaces in the pri- Science must give a different direction to tech- mordial scheme of nature. After all, man had nology. Reserves and sanctuaries, Ramsar sites not always been primary in the scheme of things and zoos and even sites for herbs and plants and it is with man's ascendency that the envi- are coming up with state and individual initia- ronment started deteriorating. Men, animals, tives. The man-animal conflict, however, is only and birds, trees and rivers, hills and dales- had taking on a different character. This can be shared the earth and kept it habitable for all till traced back to the limited western view of quite recently. But the highest evolute, man, animals which began with Aristotle's belief that began appropriating spaces with scant regard animals lacked reason and were therefore in- for the needs and rights of others. Man began ferior to humans. In the orient they still con- by exploring nature just like the other animal tinue to be worshipped and that practice, for species and his findings and his understanding all its worth, is at least making us exploit hu- were not really separate from theirs. His ex- man reason to try and understand the ways of ploitation can also be understood if not toler- animals and plants. The question of the moral ated but the will to subjugate nature armed rights of animals had also often been made with 'technology' is steadily leading him to his redundant. As recently as 1986, Michael Fox grave. There is no sure passage from the cra- ('The Case for Animal Experimentation')argues dle to the grave in nature but only the continu- that animals are not members of the moral ing journey from cradle to cradle. There is no community as they do not use sophisticated going back as there is no denying modernism language, plan, accept responsibility for ac- and scientific development and technological tions, and are not critically self-aware. They progress. That would be retroactive, contra- therefore have no moral rights. The question, development. People are informed and aware however, is to include them in our moral world now and the island syndrome of conservation with our 'superior' awareness. We ought to is gaining in momentum but mere buffer states respect animals not on the basis of their simi- of informed inhabitants cannot meet the chal- larity to humans, but rather on the basis of their

106 difference. Animals are simply different crea- created. The move by the National Board tures sharing the same planet as ourselves, and, for Wildlife (NBWL) to control and di- as such, are deserving of respect. In the ideal rect infrastructure intrusions in naturally blueprint for a future universe humans may not rich areas with a view to restricting traf- be necessary at all but while we are irrevoca- fic on the roads along ecologically sensi- bly there we must learn to survive together. tive areas bodes well for corporate sur- Life is the only purpose and life and meaning vival. are always corporate. These are only a few of the significant Animals have mutual respect, at least moves afoot and more instances would only territorially. Call it home range, habitat, be randomly additive. If pigeons know well territory, country,- it is space; and armed ahead of the coming of an earthquake and if with the idea that each individual space the Andaman islanders can resist the Tsunami, is sacrosanct, we can address the prob- we, with all our technology, should be able to lem of man-animal conflict from a differ- at least survive. We can at least remember with ent footing altogether. The forest guards respect what our national bard, Rabindranath, in Kaziranga National park really respect had said: their wards, the animals, but we must not The sun and the stars fill the firmament leave them bootless in their respect. The Life abounds in the universe elephant-man conflict in Manas is more That I am given a space in their midst pronounced and buffer regions are being Is the wonder that makes my songs.

107 GREEN GLORY Debasish Barua

While reading the morning newspaper Yuksom (Sikkim) and Changlang (Arunachal), about the recent visit of Prime Minister Dr. and parts of Gangtok, a couple of years Man-mohan Singh to Myanmar, my mind got back. These God-gifted natural assets filled with pictures of those beautiful Burmese (mountains) are said to be the source of hills which I saw from the Air India flight various forms of life and help maintain on my way to Bangkok with my parents from sustainability in earth. Guwahati in 2002. I must say that even Definitely, these mountains are very though we were flying some thousand of feet important from the ecological point of view. above, I guess those green mountains of Those green and virgin forests covering the Myanmar (Burma) which were brought to hills act as a carbon sink which absorb our notice by an air hostess, were very much carbon and help maintain an ecological balance bigger as well as taller. In a similar way while in the atmosphere. It is obviously related to travelling to Thimphu, the capital city of checking of global warming. These mountains Bhutan during the summer of 2003– amidst act as a kind of sources of rainfall since the landslides and zero visibility, since clouds clouds which hit them form precipitation. were hanging right in front of our vehicle– The mountains are natural sources of from Paro (where the international airport water. In fact, they are nature’s water tower is located, and the road was mostly one- as they intercept air circulating around the way with sharp U-turn bands), we could atmosphere and facilitate its upward observe many such mountains with thick and movements to condense into clouds and dense virgin forest without any human releasing precipitation in the form of rain and presence except in small villages lying scattered. snow, thereby maintaining the surroundings We also saw some methons, climbing those temperature at suitable levels. In arid and steep mountains, from a distance. Likewise, semi-arid areas, about 70 to 90 per cent in the northeastern part of India, I had had of rivers flow from mountains. All major glimpses of many such mountains covered rivers in the world right from the Brahmaputra with dense forests – North Cachar (near to the Nile have their head water on mountains Jatinga) and Patkai, summit of huge hills in which play a significant role in maintaining

108 the river ecosystem balance. units operating in Karbi Anglong areas near These mountains with or without much Kaziranga which was once described by forest cover form ideal habitat for many wild former Union Environment and Forest Minister animals like methons, elephants, tigers, bear, Jairam Ramesh as “most unique and amazing” wildcats and varied species of avifauna and when I personally asked for his views about rare floral species like orchids. the National Park during his visit to Kohora Wildlife expert Rajiv Basumatary says in April, 2010, adding that “Kaziranga is : Mountains or hills have their own unique more than just a tiger reserve.” habitat where only specific wildlife can thrive We must remember that due to massive given the presence of particular climatic zone deforestation in hilly and other mountain areas – temperature, tropical or subtropical. For the micro climate gets changed resulting in example, out of seventeen number of turtles change of micro environment in the and tortoise species found in Kaziranga area, surrounding area. That leads to uncomfortable three species– keeled box turtle, Asian brown thriving of existing wild species including tortoise and Indian leaf turtle – are found tigers, elephants, etc. here had been many only in Karbi hills but not in plains of Kaziranga such instances where many tigers from nearby National Park. Similarly, barking deer are hilly areas come down to plains, especially mostly found in hilly areas. So, a healthy in human habitat in search of food and safe mountain ecosystem is very important for the shelter, resulting in a serious man-animal survival of the above mentioned species. conflict where either one or both suffer. We But with the saturation of land and have seen in Guwahati itself where many space in plains, efforts are being made by tigers were brutally killed by humans after vested interest to capture as much area as news about appearance of tigers in human possible for commercial activities like setting habitat spread. In many instances people up of stone crushing units in mountain areas were also injured by the tigers in search of with full support of powerful and influential their escape route. Similarly, elephants too lobby in the country, including in Assam. cause heavy depredation of paddy crops There have been many instances where the while coming down to plains in search of Union Ministry of Environment and Forest food and shelter. In many cases wild had to intervene either to stop the ongoing pachyderms kill poor villagers who try to projects or seeking explanations from the chase away the elephants from damaging parties concerned to check environmental their tender paddy crops. Though the state degradation. Even the National Green Tribunal government announces compensation from of India headed by Justice A Suryanarayan time to time, normally only few victims could Naidu issued notices asking for a avail the benefit since in most cases middleman comprehensive report from the Assam derive the facility. When I raised this problem government with regard to stone crushing with Dr. Kaushik Basu, the chief economic

109 adviser to Government of India, during his Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the visit to Kaziranga, two years back, Dr Basu World Meterilogical Organization, climate suggested that the state government must change can adversely impact upon global come out with a compensation package environment, production of agricultural crops exclusively meant for people below poverty and quality of human life. Developing countries line (BPL) whose paddy crops are destroyed like India, where status of the economy is by wild elephants so that no other person not healthy given the constant decrease of whose standard of living is far better can the value of rupee against the US dollar, avail this benefit. followed by the high prices of essential food Besides, with more and more changes items, are much affected due to change of of micro climates due to either deforestations climate since sustainabaility of most of the or cutting down of mountains for meeting agricultural crops largely depends on suitable the constructional requirement of stone or amount of rainfall. soil, which are very much prevalent in and Dr. Rajendra Pachauri, chairman of around Guwahati, the overall local climate Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change is badly affected like causing less rainfall and once said that the Assam government should more drought-like situations which one can have its own comprehensive strategy to refer to as effects of global warming. Apart overcome the ill-effects of climate change and from Guwahati, there are many areas in the global warming, while referring to erratic state where hilly areas are illegally occupied rainfall condition in the area. He even suggested by the vested interests without any notice that Assam, which is lying in Sub-Himalayan of Assam government. Biodiversity Hotspot, should have its own If the views of environmental experts economy and should formulate its policy are to be believed, global warming is causing based on the presence of rich natural severe deficiency of required amount of rainfall resources. in the Northeast. An apt example is that of It is high time that environmental NGOs, Cherapunjee which could not retain the record which are playing a significant role in Northeast of receiving the highest rainfall in the world India, must come out with a comprehensive any more. Now Mawsynram in Meghalaya policy and concentrate on working towards is getting more rainfall. But again experts the conservation and protection of these caution that for how long can it retain this mountains which are supporting the various glory due to constant effects of global forms of life, so as to check the adverse warming. affects of global warming on us and our future According to the Intergovernmental generations.

Debasish Baruah is a Wildlife Journalist based in Kohara, K.N.P and a member of K.W.L.S.

110 SOMETHING ABOUT WILDLIFE

Dr. Prasanta Kumar Boro

From a distance it seems working with calves are burned by the agitated people. wildlife is very adventurous but in practical Just think about the change in attitude of the field things are totally different. As a veterinary people where some are worshiping Lord doctor, my hands on experience may not Ganesha and others are pushing the same neccessarily be appreciated by all but even God till death. Why this is happening so, so the difficulty level in working in the wild every one understand but no solution has remains the same. been coming out. No doubt this is somewhat First of all I would like to tell our very complex situation but it is for sure that colleague that we have to understand what people are going to loose this goody creature the forest and wildlife are all about. For those in near future. Because even I have herd innocent creatures; we are always strangers villagers whose annual cultivated crops were despite our good intention. I can still remember totally destroyed by a herd of elephant say the words from my friend Bhaskar during that “Bhat muthit koi hati dangor nohoi. 2004, when I began my career, with wildlife, Nukhuwakoi hatik basabo nuwaru”. For them that as a veterinarian, before treating an food is more important than elephant and animal, wild or domestic we have to without food they can not even think about understand the behaviur of that particular conserving elephant. animal and the response of the animal during Similarly, there is a marginal increase treatment. Those words always come to my of tiger population our country we should mind whenever I go for treatment of animals, always be aware of one particular thing that be it wild or domestic. up to how much population our forest area Due to decreasing habitat for wild animals can bear. There must not be a situation where the conflict between wildlife and human are a strayed tiger after crossing about 40-50 increasing day by day. It is reflected more kms or strayed from Orang National Park among the animals that require larger forest to Lanka via Dhing, Raha, get shot dead areas for their survival. As a result the causes while seen around human habitation. There of death of the animals are varying in alarming is no such system as to prevent such problems manner. Elephants are dying in train hit, falling in our country till date. Whether in Uttar in ditches of tea gardens; poisoning and even Pradesh, where tiger from Dudhwa National

111 Park reached Kumarganj after crossing about are incident of releasing some of them into 500 k.m.s and ultimately gunned down by their natural habitat. some hired shooter. In Assam we know well At last but not the least some question what is going on. No doubt different always come to my mind like how many Government policies are being implemented tranquilizing guns are there with us, how many for conserving tiger and its habitat, but at of those are in working condition, how many the same time we must think about what to staff of the concern department are trained do when a tiger strays into human habitation. for tranquilizing operation, how frequently What we are doing during such situation is they get reqreshers course on such training, same that we did before ten years, not such are the staff from other department like police modification is seen. Forest department will etc. are trained properly to handle such situation, inform rescue team, when the team will arrive are we making some strategies for controlling the spot they will always feel lack of proper the agitated people etc. Veterinarians also coordination between civil administration with plays a major role in such situation but due forest department people and police, as a lack of experiences they usually do not come result gathered public will get agitated and forward to handle these. Formation of rapid some untoward incident will take place, where action team is also necessary near such conflict some villagers, or person in duty or the vet prone areas so that immediate action can place like me get injured and the police personnel to handle those situations, whether it’s a tiger, present there will shoot the tiger arbitrarily. leopard, bear or elephant, or whatever. Let But these are not the ultimate situation us hope that there beautiful gifts from Nature happening all the time because our colleague live forever for our successive generations to successfully rescued tigers strayed into human follow. We have to start thinking about these habitation, fall into sanitary pit or in well with from today, because tomorrow we may be the help of concerned authority and there too late.

Dr. Prasanta Kumar Boro is associted with Center for Wildlife Rehabilitation under WLTI Kohara. Moblie No. 995767002

112 BROWN BEARS OF ALASKA A Photographer’s Quest for Ursa Major

Shyamal Dutta Everything on the earth has a purpose, every The nearest human habitation was 1,000 disease an herb to cure it, and every person a miles away across the ocean with no access mission. This is the Native Indian theory of from this beach and I was in a remote bay of existence. - Mourning Dove [Christine Katmai National Park in south west Alaska. Quintasket] (1888-1936), Salish I looked at The month was September, the weather was my watch – it was 4 AM. The mist was slowly chilly and I was on trip to live with and photo- beginning to lift as I trudged on in the soft sand graph grizzly bears. with my heavy photo gear on my back and It was excruciatingly primordial. I had the folded tripod in my arms like as if I was arrived in the Hallo Bay Wilderness Camp the carrying a baby. day before from My special water- Anchorage – the proof boots made a most important soft crunching noise city of Alaska. every time I From Anchor- stepped on the age, a small pas- sand in the silence senger jet flew of the morning. me across to a Ahead of me was small fishing Justine, my guide – harbor named she has been guid- Homer. Sur- ing biologists and rounded by photographers for over 15 years. To my right snowcapped mountains and tucked away in a I could hear the thundering waves of the Pa- cove, Homer had a small community of fish- cific crashing interminably. In the darkness and ermen, hippies and artists. It was ensconced the fog the ocean was impossible to see, but in breathtaking landscape. A glistening cove, the constant spray of salt water hitting my face mountains covered by snow and wildflowers relentlessly was a reminder of the freezing cold carpeting the meadows from where you could that the ocean winds brought. even see Humpback whales in the ocean

113 gracefully diving in and out of the waters full finally saw where I would be living for next of krill - small fish - their primary food. week. I also saw who would be my room- The flight from Homer to the Wilder- mates. ness Camp was bone chilling as well as fasci- The grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) nating for me. Not that I have not flown single is a subspecies of the brown bear (Ursus engine 4-seater contraptions in Alaska sev- arctos) that generally lives in the uplands of eral times before, but this was different. Our western North America. This subspecies is pilot was Jeff, a scruffy tawny young guy with thought to be descended from the Ussuri torn Levi jeans, a pair of sandals and an infec- Brown bear which crossed to Alaska from tious smile in his face. As we took off from the Eastern Russia 100,000 years ago, though they runway, which was a stone chip dirt track, I did not move south until 13,000 years ago. thought to myself - should I really be doing Grizzlies are normally solitary active this? What brought me here, in the middle of animals, but in the coastal areas of Alaska the actually nowhere? What if something terrible grizzly congregates alongside streams, lakes, really happened to me? How would my fam- rivers, and ponds every year during the salmon ily get information about me? spawn. Every other year, females (sows) pro- By now I had no choice because as I duce one to four young (commonly two) which sat next to Jeff, we were already airborne at are small and weigh only about 500 grams (one 10,000 feet. We communicated through mi- pound). A sow is protective of her offspring crophone and headphones as he showed me and will attack if she thinks she or her cubs his controls. Soon I realized Jeff was not just are threatened. They will feed on enormous a bush plane pilot (as they are called in quantities of fish during summer in order to Alaska). He was giving me a geological evo- add fat to their bodies. This enables them to lution of the region in a manner that would give hibernate in caves throughout the winter. Bears any professor of geography a run for his or have been seen in Native American arts and her money. Add to that a wonderful history of crafts for thousands of years since the Ameri- Native American folklore and mythology as- can Indians had a special place in their hearts sociated with the oceans, mountains, the flora for the Native American bear. The bear is and fauna of the islands. thought to be the master of the forest and that The small Piper Cherokee engine was is another reason they are respected. That is chugging away as we flew over green mead- because they shared the same land with the ows, riverine estuaries, glacial melts and aq- Indian tribes, so what would affect one spe- uamarine coloured lakes. The landscape be- cies would in turn affect the other. low was nothing I have seen or experienced Many of the Native Americans tribes before in my life. Over the ocean Jeff pointed believed that when the Native American bear out Humpback whales in the deep blue ocean, went into hibernation, his spirit form would and as we flew over Katmai National Park I come out and roam freely. One famous Na-

114 tive American myth is about an Indian chief’s metres up inland. daughter, who married a young bear who was “Hold on to your seat, I need to fly low the nephew of the great bear chief. The cou- over the strip and make sure there are no boul- ple had twin bear cubs and she became ders,” said Jeff. We flew down and zoomed known as the bear mother. In this myth, the about 5 meters over the sandy strip and flew brothers of the bear mother killed her bear in again, this time to land. Remarkably, even husband. Because of this the Native Ameri- though I was stunned, the plane did a thud can clan called the bear clan was born, and and skid and stopped to a halt. they agreed upon using the bear as their crest. I was in Hallo Bay Wilderness Area of Katmai This saved the relationship between the National Park. The sky was blue, and Jeff in- two species of bears and humans and they lived formed me that we could land because the tide together in the forests. There are many Native was low. If not we would have had to fly back. American artists that are creating beautiful art- Our campsite was a collection of tents with a work of the Native American bear in modern dining room and a small but clean toilet, all day society. There are many other tribes that powered by solar cells. I unloaded my gear, lived on the same lands as the bear, but it is had a quick shower and headed for the dining the tribes of the Pacific Northwest that made room. It was a cozy hardwood floor room with the symbol so popular with their handmade a metal fireplace and a warm fire waiting to artwork and crafts. All of the Native tribes welcome us. have enormous respect for such a huge crea- Dinner was wholesome and hearty and ture. If a bear was killed while hunting for food, was followed by a debriefing by Justine who they had to first treat the bear like a guest in owned and operated the camp. She was an the home of their chief before they could eat expert on grizzly bears, and we were told to the meat and use the hide for clothing and obey her instructions in no uncertain terms, or bones for tools. "If you talk to the else! Of course I understood, I replied, shiv- animals they will talk with you and you will ering in the cold. know each other. If you do not talk to them Day 2 – we were walking single file on you will not know them and what you do not the beach to observe a mother and her two know, you will fear. What one fears, one de- cubs far at a distance of about 100 meters. I stroys." - Chief Dan George was the last in the single line of other photog- The sky was blue with tufts of white raphers. In the half-lit darkness of dawn, I clouds floating in and out as Jeff handled the thought I could hear soft footsteps behind me. bush plane with consummate skill, floating in Ah - I though how stupid of me; how could and out of clouds. Finally we saw where we any other human being ever come behind me, were landing. I gulped. It was a strip of sand when no other human could possibly be any- about 10 metres wide. The waves were crash- where insanely near this wilderness. We were ing in, and I could see our campsite a few asked to be absolutely quiet on this island. No

115 exceptions and no excuses. Period. hike with our gear on our backs, we came The footsteps were getting slightly upon a clearing with a lush green grassy louder, and by now I was hearing deep breath- meadow surrounded by snow capped moun- ing. It almost sounded like someone was in- tains. Exquisite landscape. We dropped our dulging in pranayama or something like that. gear and quietly took sitting positions in a com- Not bad - yoga and deep breathing in the wild- fortable spot surrounded by dead drift wood est and loneliest corner of the planet – it’s not logs. In the centre of the lush green meadow, I funny, I told myself. In a split second I real- counted half a dozen grizzlies feeding on wild ized what it was. In the darkness, just about 2 sedge grass and legume. Plants make up 80% metres beside me, was a huge grizzly walking to 90% of the bears diet – most of the rest is alongside, oblivious of me. Or was it? It was fat-rich salmon in lakes, rivers and ponds in as if we were doing a quiet independence day Alaska. Coastal bears also eat and forage on march- past together. I froze and stopped in clams and mussels. Typically we observed my tracks. The massive grizzly, a female as I bears forage along the coast for clams, walk learnt later, walked on ahead in sheer indiffer- up to the meadows for some salad, followed ence, and after a minute of trudging along, by a drink from a pond and then a nap. That decided to stop. It lay on the sand, turned tur- sounded like my ideal retirement life, no doubt, tle, scratched its back on the rock and sand, but bears also are known to prey on other and simply walked away from our proximity mammals and though they are classified as with a show of complete disdain. carnivora, they are actually omnivores. My first encounter with Ursus arctos For 5 days and nights, we would set horribilis took my breath away and made my out every morning at dawn and hike through hair stand right up as I stood transfixed, watch- lush green forests, grasslands or pristine ing the enormity of the power of this beautiful beaches and watch these giants forage, eat and and huge mammal – 1,200 pounds and 6 feet drink from as close as 5 metres to half a kilo- tall when standing. The fear and respect quad- metre away. In the winter, when grizzly bears rupled when I realized what it could have done hibernate usually at altitudes of 5,000 feet in to me if it had wished to. caves, females give birth to cubs, usually 2 to Our daily routine would start at 5 AM, 4. For the next 2 or 3 years, the mother will at dawn. Alaska in summer has only three nurse and look after her cubs. Often we would hours of darkness so that would mean every- see a mother and her cub alternating between one in camp would be in bed by 9 PM and eating grass in the meadow, clams on the beach shut themselves off to the light by closing their and nursing. I spent my final days in a falls tents. After a full breakfast, Justine lead the across a river in the Park that’s called Brooks pack of visitors through a muddy and slushy Falls. trail thick with a mix of bear poop, mud and Katmai National Park has the largest rain water. After a few miles of an exhausting concentration of grizzly bears in the world, and

116 no trip in Alaska is complete without watch- not the difficult part. The challenge was to re- ing these experts in fishing. In the fall (autumn) member all of the Hindi film songs of the 60s of every year, the North American salmon start and 70s to keep them away! It must have it their epic journey from the ocean upstream worked, because I did not encounter any. into rivers until they reach the source of the In the river, at any time I would see over rivers themselves. Here they spawn and die. a dozen bears swimming, fishing and grabbing This time, the newly born fish swim down- flying salmon. Little would the salmon know stream towards the ocean and the incredible what awaited them as they leapt to the top of cycle of life of these salmons start all over again. the falls in a frenzied rush to spawn. I felt kind But the most fascinating part of this cycle is of sad for the salmon. that spawning salmon are gripped in a frenzy After all, all they desired was to pro- to swim upstream, and they often do this by create. To watch a bear grab a fat salmon and leaping up waterfalls to heights of 5 feet. These tear it apart over and over again through the are spots where bears thrive. day was an experience that I could never for- I spent the last part of my trip photo- get – an archetypal symbol of the most mighty graphing the iconic location for bears grab- and the majestic of all that is wild and unspoiled bing and eating salmon off the Brooks river in nature. As I flew away from Katmai on the and the falls in Katmai. From the campsite the float plane back to civilization, one particu- distance to the river and the falls was about a larly poignant native Indian proverb came to mile, but I had to walk through a forest, cross haunt me over and over again: a river without a bridge and also sing to my- Treat the earth well. self. Loud. That’s because the forest is infested It was not given to you by your parents, with brown bears and we were instructed that It was loaned to you by your children. singing aloud scares them away. What a trav- We do not inherit the Earth from our Ances- esty, I thought to myself. Anyway, that was tors, we borrow it from our Children.

Shyamal Dutta is presently based in Guwahati, Assam, where he is actively engaged with Aaranyak - one of India's premier biodiversity and wildlife conservation NGO .

117 It's Up to U s

Sri Sindhu Kashyap Borpuzari

Yes indeed, it's up to us to decide what kind countries such as Japan, England and Singapore, of future and environmental heritage we want to each with population density similar or higher than leave behind for the future generations. A lot has India, yet each enjoying environmental quality been said and written about air pollution and glo- vastly superior than India, suggests population den- bal warming, many steps have been taken but, do sity may not be the only factor affecting India's they really suffice? issues. There are innumerable environmental issues Major environmental issues are forest and in this country. Air pollution, water pollution, gar- agricultural degradation of land, resource deple- bage pollution and wildlife natural habitat pollution tion (water, mineral, forest, sand, rocks etc.), en- so on and so forth. The situation was worse be- vironmental degradation, public health, loss of tween 1947 through 1995. According to data col- biodiversity, loss of resilience in ecosystems, live- lection and environment assessment studies of lihood security for the poor. World Bank experts, between 1995 through 2010, The major sources of pollution in India in- India has made one of the fastest progresses in clude the rampant burning of fuel wood and the world, in addressing its environmental issues biomass such as dried waste from livestock as and improving its environmental quality. In spite the primary source of energy, lack of organized of this, India has a long way to go to reach envi- garbage and waste removal services, lack of sew- ronmental quality similar to those enjoyed in de- age treatment operations, lack of flood control and veloped economies. Pollution remains a major con- monsoon water drainage system, diversion of con- front and also an opportunity for India. sumer waste into rivers, cremation practices near Some consider economic development is major rivers, government mandated protection of leading to environmental issues. Others believe highly polluting old public transport, and continued economic development is fundamental to improv- operation by Indian government of government ing India's environmental management and pre- owned, high emission plants built between 1950 venting pollution in India. to 1980. Whereas some others suggest that India's India's water supply and sanitation issues are growing population is the primary cause of India's related to many environmental issues. environmental degradation. Systematic studies I can quote some of the recent instances challenge this theory. Empirical evidence from that have caused alarming Environmental Con-

118 cerns in the North-East. the economy. States like Maharashtra, Karnataka Those of us, who have travelled along the and Andhra Pradesh have received very low rains. road from Shillong to Cherrapunji, will very well Whereas some regions like Assam and also a dry remember the picturesque landscape and the el- belt like Rajasthan. Much of this is also because egant greenery, but because of massive defor- of the way we have exploited our Natural re- estation that paradisiacal abode created by the sources and Habitat. Almighty has been annihilated to a large extent. When R. K. Pachauri, chairman of the Inter- There are some stone crushing plants installed governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which have denuded trees and forests from the accepted the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize on behalf hills for extracting stones. of his organization, he had used his Nobel lecture The State Government should take cogni- to highlight the link between protecting the envi- zance of the matter and act accordingly, so that ronment, preserving human rights and achieving such indiscriminate cutting of trees is brought to a peace around the world. halt. Pachauri had noted that "honoring the IPCC Cherrapunji which is still holding the world through the grant of the Nobel Peace Prize in record for the most rainfall in a calendar month 2007 in essence can be seen as a clarion call for and in a year as per record is currently receiving the protection of the earth as it faces the wide- very low rainfall and is on the verge of losing that spread impacts of climate change." Like Al Gore, badge for the evident reasons of unabated clear- with whom the IPCC had shared the 2007 Nobel ing of all types of vegetation there. If imminent Peace Prize; Pachauri very rightly had stressed steps aren't taken to curb this there will be a cata- the urgent need for immediate action to curb glo- strophic change in the environment of the region bal warming and to avoid its most serious effects. which will even adversely affect the 'Human Ecol- Now it's 2012 and how much heed we are paying ogy'. to Dr. R.K Pachauri, a connoisseur in the field, Similarly, deforestation on a massive scale the Chairman of TERI(The Energy and Research has been going on in Arunachal Pradesh which Institute) is evident from the fact that even though has also jeopardized the ecological balance in the some efforts have been made to bring down the region. North-East has always been referred to pollution levels, but the still major cities in India as an 'Environmental Utopia', but if such defor- and also abroad continue to have very high air estation at an exponential rate is carried out than pollution levels. Lastly I would like to again bring it won't take much time to mislay this elusive tag. everyone's attention to the importance of preserv- This year the monsoons have been far below the ing our environment and the imperative need to expected levels, in fact Monsoons have played take drastic measures to reduce Global Warm- havoc with the farmers and has also hampered ing. The situation is much more than alarming.

Sri Sindhu Kashyap Borpuzari is a freelance Masscom Professional from Assam presently based in Mumbai.

119 ESTIMATION OF BIRDS IN POBITORA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY ON 29th JANUARY 2012

Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary (26º12' N to For a longer duration no official bird 26º15' N and 91ºk59' E to 92º05' E) is 38.8 census was carried out in the PA and a there sq km situated in Morigaon district at distance was a general notion that the number of bird of 35 km from Guwahati city. The PA is fa- species has come down drastically. Hence an mous for the highest density of Rhino among attempt is made to estimate the bird species Rhino bearing areas. As per 2009 estimation with the following objectives. there were 84 Rhinos within 15 sq km area of i) To know the total number of birds the PA. Besides Rhino the Sanctuary is well present on particular day. known for its congregation of winter waterfowl ii) To know the diversity of species in the water bodies of the park. The earlier es- present on the day of estimation timation was way back in 1993-94 and above iii) To know the diversity of migrant and 20,000 bird species were recorded in the PA. resident species

120 Methodology Sri Birinchi Talukdar, Student, Arya Though the extent of the Sanctuary is Vidyapeeth College 38.8 sq km but the major wetland is found in A total number of 674 (Six hundred sev- 16 sq km of the PA which has been consid- enty four) birds were counted and following ered for bird estimation. All the water bodies species of birds were recorded of the park has been considered for the esti- Party no. II mation simultaneously and covered by enu- Enumerator: Sri Bhupendra Nath Talukdar, merators. Major congregation of birds are DCF noticeable in water body like Tamulidova, Sri Ritu Mahanta, Bird Watcher, where maximum effort has been put. The small Guwahati water bodies were positioned by an enumera- Sri Deepak Kr Das, Member, Aranya tor who had estimated the total numbers of Surakhya Samitee waterfowls present at the time and diversity Total number of 1060 (One thousand of the species recorded simultaneously. Wa- sixty) birds were counted and recorded fol- ter bodies that covered by single enumerator lowing bird species are Haduk, Solmarijan, Tuplung, Amaramul, Party no. III Pagladova, Hanhsora, Chitalmarijan, Enumerator: Sri Kulajyoti Lahkar, Bird The Tamulidova was divided into four Watcher, Guwahati compartments and each compartment was Sri Mrigen Baruah, Lecturer, Central covered by a team comprising three members, Academy for State Forest Service, Burnihat. keeping in view of the high congregation of Sri Abhinit Dey, Student, Arya waterfowls. At a time the total count of birds Vidypeeth College. had been started in all the compartments and Total number of 3000 (Three thousand) subsequently the diversity of species has been birds counted in the allotted area and follow- recorded. ing species were recorded. To carryout the process and to make it a success, member of different non-governmental Party no. IV organizations, renowned bird watchers and Enumerator: Sri Bibhab Kumar Talukdar, Di- Forest Department individuals were invited for rector, Aranyak Nature Club, Guwahati the census operation. Sri Shyamata Sharma, Bird Watcher, Result: Guwahati Water Body: Tanulidova Sri Sourav Mahanta, Editor (Rhino), Party no. I Kaziranga Wildlife Society. Enumerator: Sri Nitul Nath, Member, Aranya Sri Pankaj Sharma, ACF Surakhya Samitee Total number of 6500 (Six thousand five Sri Nekib Ali, Bird Watcher, Wild Grass, hundred) birds were counted and following Kaziranga species were recorded.

121 Water Body: Pagladova Water Body: Haduk & Amaramul Enumerator: Sri Pallav Deka, Lecturer, Cen- Enumerator: Sri Nripen Nath, Member, tral Academy of State Forest Officer, Pobitora Conservation Society. Baurnihat, Sri Binod Deka, Member, Pobitora Con- A total of 183 (One hundred eighty three) servation Society. birds had been counted and following bird A total of 20 (Twenty) birds had been species were recorded counted and following species were recorded Water Body: Hanhsora Water Body: Tuplung & Solmari Enumerator: Sri Manas Bhattacharjee, Mem- Enumerator: Sri Biswajit Bayan, Forest Guard ber, Aranyak Nature Club. Total number of 130 (One hundred thirty) Total Number of 247 (Two hundred forty birds had been counted and following species seven) birds were counted and following bird were recorded species were recorded

122 Analysis: their demarcated block. The total waterfowl count on the day i.e. In the process a total number of 11,314 on 29th January 2012, had been stated simul- (Eleven thousand three hundred fourteen) taneously in all the water bodies at 9.30 am. waterfowls had been counted; considering the and completed at around 11 am. There was possibility of 1% double count, the total count no significant movement of birds during the of birds at a particular time was 11, 200 counting period but small flock of birds' dis- (Eleven thousand two hundred). persal had been recorded in almost all the water bodies. Chances of double count were Regarding the diversity of bird species it quite insignificant as the water bodies were was observed that 52 species of birds were recorded individually except the Tamulidova. recorded in the process, out of which 22 spe- The double count in Tamulidova was also in- cies were migratory and 30 species were resi- significant as all four parties were aware of dent birds.

123 RHINO ESTIMATION 2012 POBITORA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary situated in Morigaon district (26º12’ N to 26º15’ N and 91º59’ E to 92º05’ E) is one of the important areas for the population of One Horned Rhino (Rhinoceros unicornis). Though the extent of the PA is 3881 ha but Rhinos are concentrated within 1585 ha of flood plain area in the Sanctuary. The Forest department of Assam prior to 2006, Rhino estimation was organized in a span of six years; since 2006 onwards it is decided to carryout population estimation in every three years. The last census in Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary was done in 2009, where the Rhino population estimated 84 in number that is the highest concentration among Rhino bearing areas in the country. Estimation of animal population is an essential tool for the Management of an area. Hence the estimation is done with following objectives 1. To know the number of individual present 2. To know the population dynamics 3. To know the present increment of the species. Methodology: The methodology adopted for Rhino estimation in Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary is the Direct Total Count Method, which is a suitable method to estimate large mammal like Rhino in a small extent of area like Pobitora. To carryout the census operation the 16 sq km Rhino bearing area of Pobitora Wildlife Sanc- tuary has been divided into 7 (seven) blocks namely Haduk (180 ha), Tamulidova (189 ha), Solmari (125 ha), Jogdal (146 ha), Pagladova I (314 ha), Pagladova II (282 ha) and Naltoli block (349 ha). Keeping in view of the stray behaviour of Rhino in Pobitora 5 (five) blocks were marked outside of the PA to count during the estimation which were covered on foot by Forest staff. All the invitee and staff engaged in the census operation were briefed on the previous evening i.e. on 19th March 2012 at Forest Rest House, Pobitora and discussed about the block area, the demarcated boundary, the starting point and end point of each block. The detail discussion was held regarding the record of sighted individual Rhino in the supplied Enumeration Sheet and pre- caution to be adopted to avoid double count. Each of the enumeration team of seven blocks of the PA consists of one Dept. Elephant, one enumerator, a forest staff with arms who is well acquainted with the block entrusted to them. Few of the enumeration team were also accompanied by observ- ers who are the member of a NGO working on the subject of Wildlife Conservation.

124 125 126

127 128 The census operation in a span of 3 years has been adopted in Assam’s Rhino bearing areas from 2006 onwards. The Census of 2006 was done on 8th April where total population was estimated as 81 in numbers out of which 18 adult male, 30 adult female, sub-adult male 9, 9 female 2, unsexed 1 and 21 calves were recorded. The census of 2009 was done on 8th May where total Rhino population recorded was 84. The breakup of the estimation were adult male 19, female 40, sub-adult male 5, female 3 and calves 17. In both the census the calves were not recorded as did this year. This year calves were in two categories i.e. up to 1 year and above 1 year, which gave us a clear picture of annual increment of Rhino. Between 2006 and 2009 census, PA had recorded the natural death of 5 matured males, 2 matured females, 2 male calves and 2 female calves. Besides these, two adult male Rhinos were translocated to Manas National Park under IRV 2020 programme. In the process 13 individual Rhinos were removed by different means from the PA. Between 2009 and 2012 census, 10 Rhinos were died in the PA for different reasons. Due natural cause 3 adult female and 4 female calve death were recorded. After a gap of five years 1 male and 2 female Rhinos were poached in the PA. Besides these 2 male and 6 female Rhinos were translocate to Manas National Park under IRV 2020 programme. As such 18 individual Rhinos were removed from the PA. In order to study the population trend based on birth rate and mortality rate all data from 2007 to 2012 were compiled and shown above. Based on above analysis the average birth rate is 0.7 births per year and mortality is 0.3 deaths per year. It has seen that the methodology adopted for the Rhino census is suitable for area like Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary. The descrip- tive analysis in comparing the birth and mortality rate from 2009 to 2012 has shown a net population growth of 15 Rhinos within the 3 years period (0.41 net growths per year) against the overall growth of population of 9 Rhinos within the 3 years period (0.25 net growth per year). The estimation done on 20th March, 93 individual rhinos were counted in 16 sq km Rhino bearing area of the PA where the density has estimated as 5.8 rhino per sq km. The overall population growth of Rhino in Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary will be more if the translocated Rhinos are also considered.

Courtesy : Forest Deptt. Assam

129 Impact of Supreme Court Orders on RESTRICTION Imposed on Core area

Isha Pandey Beautiful creation of Nature also include The chief secretaries of these states were a vast range in WILDLIFE. Discovering is just warned that they would be levied with a fine knowing Nature more better. From time to of Rs. 50,000 each if the order is not com- time we have to check wildlife as it is threat- plied with. ened by hunters and poachers. Many Gov- This order lead to the knee-jerk reaction ernment machinery's are involved in this in- in states which are committing illegalities in spection, which also enforces different laws there rush to comply with court orders. In a to protect Wildlife. Not only in our country, national level meeting on protected areas and but throughout the world Special efforts are rights of forest dwellers in Delhi on Aug. 13. being done for wildlife conservation. In India the activists and ecologists from various parts we are unable to stop these illegal activities, f the country highlighted that in the rush to no- therefore our Supreme Court had taken very tify buffer areas, the state government are by- strict action. passing processes. On April 27, when the Supreme Court The question arises will the ban on wild- of India ordered ll states to notify buffer zones life tourism will yield any good results? Re- around tiger reserves, under their jurisdiction cent Supreme Court orders on the ban on tour- within three months. many hailed it as a boost ists in core zones of India's tiger reserves, give for tiger conservation. Little did they foresee the impression that wildlife tourism is an indul- that the orders would lead to the violation of gence of rich and middle-class Indians at the the very law under which buffer areas are to cost of the wildlife, and restriction on such be notified. Many states complied with the tourism will not be futile. ''Wildlife tourism is a court orders while a few missed the deadlines very important tool for conservation of differ- even after repeated directions of the court. The ent species. By placing a ban on such tourism, defaulting states were then given the last warn- we would be robbing an entire generation of ing on July 24 to notify the buffer within three that experience and a chance to take up con- weeks or else be ready to face contempt of servation as a profession.'' says Qamar the court proceedings. This order has also put Qureshi. a senior scientist in wildlife institute a halt to tourism in core areas of tiger habitats. of India.

130 Many environmentalists and conserva- vious laws were not satisfactory to stop the tionist insist that the real losers will be the crea- business of hunting and poaching. tures who had helped them to find a job. Due Today, the ban is on the tourism in core to the ban on such tourism, many people en- areas of tiger reserves, tomorrow it could be gaged in this industry are forced to leave their for any other endangered species. Therefore, jobs. Since the Court's judgement on 24th July, we have to take strong steps against these il- they have not earned a penny. Along with hun- legal activities of hunting. Our government dreds of other guides and drivers, who feed should be more active on these matters and their families by servicing the tiger tourists, and different NGO'S working in this field should also many poor people who work inside the be more responsible. Well, I just hope that forests as maintenance workers, had been our Honorable Supreme Court, in its further holding a road side protest to remind the au- decisions, could find out such a way that deals thorities, how integral the tigers are. Restric- with the loss of numerous jobs as well as with tion on such tourism had lost numerous jobs the problem of illegal hunting. and it will also a decrease in the tourism economy of the country. Facts about Tiger : Hunting and poaching had deep roots in India is home to half the World's tiger our country. Many people of different levels population. According to the latest census re- are engaged in these activities. Thus, making leased in March 2011, by the National Tiger it quite difficult to uproot it. Even after the en- Conservation Authority, the current popula- forcement of many conservative laws,this tion is estimated at 1,706 up from 1,411 in problem is continuously increasing in the coun- 2008. But a long way off the 45,000 which try. Thus our government was forced to take reportedly roamed India 100 years ago. such big decision of restriction. In an appar- In India, the tiger is found n 18 states, ent U-turn on tiger tourism issue,on Aug. 21 from the Himalayas in the North to the Tamil the central government informed the Supreme Nadu in the South and across the North-East Court that it wants to review its policy of ban- into Burma. ning tourism in core areas of tiger reserves in They occupy a variety of habitats includ- the country because of pressure from the state ing tropical evergreen forests, mangrove Governments. Thus, Supreme Court called for swamps thorny forest and grass jungles. a national meeting on Aug. 29. The decision A total of 923 tigers were killed by taken by our court was to extended the re- poachers between 1994 and 2010. Accord- striction till Sept. 27. It seems as if all the pre- ing to the Wildlife Protection Society of India.

Isha Pandey, age-15 years, student of United Public School, Civil Lines, Kanpur C/o A.B. Pandey, 86/312 Dev Nagar, Kanpur-208003

131 REPORT OF THE GENERAL SECRETARY

Rajeev Saikia

To start with I would like to offer my was spruced up and essential gadgets like thanks to all the members of Kaziranga electrical fittings, desktop computer, display Wildlife Society for considering me worth boards, storage cabinets etc. were procured trusting with the responsibility of the General entirely through sponsorship and membership Secretary of the Society. It was indeed a fee I.O.C. authorities were approached for very humbling experience for me. donating the society a selected list of books Having taken over, I thought it a priority worth about Rs. 20,000/- (Rupees Twenty to extend the membership base of the society thousand) only, which they so kindly agreed. representing various professional and social Mr. Indrajit Dutta also donated books to signments, particularly younger ones. So also the society from his personal collection. To was the need of a functional office with securely store the books the storage cabinet essential gadgets of automation along with our request for sponsorship was readily a well stocked library on wildlife, ecology exceeded to by Sri Anup Baruah. I and scientific conservation. Over and above acknowledged with thanks such kind gestures sensitizing the school children by way of of these benevolent bodies and individuals. audio visual presentation about the importance On our request reknown elephant expert of careing for and sharing with wildlife and Sri Dinesh Choudhury prepared an audio environment was also considered the need visual presentation in slides with background of the hour. All there were however, in narration by one of our new members - Sri addition to, the routined calendar of events Kulesh Goswami - on man-elephant co- being carried out by the society years on existence to be shown to school children end. Going by these priorities twenty two across the state. The slide show was first new members - all young and tech - savvy shown to a group of distinguished gathering have been enrolled which not only contributed on the occasion of the Society’s Foundation to the coffer of the society but also widened Day celebration on 12th December 2011, its membership mix. As such the membership for their comments the style and content of strength of the society now stands at 573. the presentation and recommended it for The new office premises of the society school children.

132 (i) Foundation Day was celebrated at successful, KWLS would extend the Pensioners Bhavan, Chandmari, facility to a few other farmers in the Guwahati on December 12th 2011. village so that it may flourish in course ii) As per convention this year too KWLS of time to a thriving economic activity has awarded its Lifetime Achieve- for the nearby villagers too. ments Award for the year 2011 to vi) Discourse on Man-Animal Sri Dinesh Choudhury whose Symbiosis : To create awareness credentials as a passionate among school children about the conservationists hardly need to be symbiotic harmony between human emphasised anew. In a well attended beings and wild animals despite so- function held at Guwahati Press Club called depredation of the later, KSW on 12th February 2012 Sri Choudhury conducted visual presentation in various was awarded the prize by Sri Surajit schools around Kohora. The resource Dutta, Director, KNP, Kohora. person Sri Dinesh Choudhury iii) In the same function the Founder explained the cause and effect of Secretary of KWLS Sri P.C. Sarma reported conflicts and how to resolve was felicitated by the members of the same with best results possible KWLS and his selfless sacrifice for much to the appreciation of the young the survival and growth of the Society students. was grateful recounted by them. (vii) We have also developed audio-visual iv) KWLS in collaboration with State material for our future awareness Vety. Dept. and local administration programmes. has organised and actively participated viii) Having completed the targeted work in a cattle vaccination camp held at of the Herbarium Project sponsored Kohora on 27-02-2012. The society by NRL, the members of KLWS led has also donated and distributed by its General Secretary Sri Rajeev medicine worth more than rupees Saikia had formally handed over the twenty thousand to make the camp papers of completion along with sincere a grand success. thanks to the NRL authority in v) Pilot Project on Appiary : To provide Numaligarh on 26.o2.2012. On behalf feasible means of additional income for of NRL Sir B. Ekka, the G.M. (HR) marginal farmers KWLS is setting up NRL appreciated the effort of KWLS a pilot level project for an appiary in and gave assurance of further help Doomjan village near Kohora in which should an occasion arise in future too. Sri Chandra Rajkhowa is provided ix) Guwahati Refinery, Noonmati has with ten nos bee-keeping boxes to given a grant of Rs. 20000/- (Twenty work out the viability. If found thousand) only to procure books for

133 the library of KWLS which was of Soil Conservation, R.G. Baruah gratefully acknowledged by the Society. Road, which were widely attended by In this connection a brief interaction eminent personalities and wildlife between the GM, Guwahati Refinery euthusiasts of Guwahati. Sri W. Borborah and the executive xiii) Time Cards were printed and donated members of the KWLS was organised to DFO, Kazirnaga to be used during in the Society’s office at Guwahati on the floods. 07-04-2012 where the members xiv) Our Newsletter Pugmark is published profusely thanked the benefactors for in the month of July, 2012. their generosity. xv) Certificate of Tax Relief benefit x) Our president Sri Indrajit Dutta against donation to KWLS by the ITO delivered a lecture in Guwahati Press concerned per courtesy Sri Abani Kr. Club on the subject of man elephant Baruah, our working president is conflict resolution on the occasion accknowledged with thanks. of World Wet Land Day on 02-03- xvi) We have also opened Face Book 2012. account with good response. xi) We are also looking for corporate Before I conclude I owe my sincere sponsorship to set up a Wildlife thanks to the President of KWLS Sri Research and Convention Centre Indrajit Dutta and the members of the at our existing premises at Kohora, E.C. for their kind help in successfully for which a architectural blue print and carrying out the events. I hope to enjoy the facilities thereof with essential the same kind of support from my fellow investment outlay had been prepared member throughout the tenure of my and submitted to Asset Manager, incumbency. ONGC, Nazira. xii) The 103rd birth anniversary of Dr. With regards Robin Banerjee was observed in a solemn function on 12th August/2012 of the Conference Hall of State Dept. (Rejeev Saikia) Secretary KWLS

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