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Association Ofa Novel Human FE65-Like Protein with the Cytoplasmic Domain of the (-Amyloid Precursor Protein

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Association Ofa Novel Human FE65-Like Protein with the Cytoplasmic Domain of the (-Amyloid Precursor Protein Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 93, pp. 10832-10837, October 1996 Cell Biology Association of a novel human FE65-like protein with the cytoplasmic domain of the (-amyloid precursor protein SUZANNE Y. GUENETTE, JING CHEN, PAUL D. JONDRO, AND RUDOLPH E. TANZI* Genetics and Aging Unit, and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General HQspital-East, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129 Communicated by Paul Greengard, Rockefeller University, New York; NY, July 2, 1996 (received for review May 13, 1996) ABSTRACT We identified a novel human homologue of producing these ,BPP products has been illustrated by the the rat FE65 gene, hFE65L, by screening the cytoplasmic observed decrease in the levels of A13 generated when the domain of j8-amyloid precursor protein (,BPP) with the "in- secreted ectodomain of 13PP is increased (17). The internal- teraction trap." The cytoplasmic domains of the 13PP homo- ization of cell surface O3PP occurs via the endocytic pathway logues, APLP1 and APLP2 (amyloid precursor-like proteins), and leads to the appearance of C-terminal fragments contain- were also tested for interaction with hFE65L. APLP2, but not ing intact A/3 in lysosomes (18). The relationship between the APLP1, was found to interact with hFE65L. We confirmed internalization off3PP and the generation ofA,B is underscored these interactions in vivo by successfully coimmunoprecipitat- by the finding that attenuation of AP3 release is accompanied ing endogenous ,BPP and APLP2 from mammalian' cells by a reduction in O3PP internalization (19). Internalization of overexpressing a- hemagglutinin-tagged fusion of the C- O3PP by clathrin-coated vesicles is required for entry of cell- terminal region of hFE65L. We report the existence of a surface ,BPP into the endosomal/lysosomal pathway, and this human FE65 gene family and evidence supporting specific form of internalization of ,BPP uses the NPXY motif in the interactions between members of the ,PP and FE65 protein cytoplasmic domain of ,3PP (20,21). Deletion of the YENPTY families. Sequence analysis of the FE65 human gene family sequence of O3PP not only impairs endocytosis of cell-surface reveals the presence of two phosphotyrosine interaction (PI) OPP, but alters its intracellular trafficking by increasing its domains. Our data show that a single PI domain is sufficient targeting into the endocytic pathway without first reaching the for binding of hFE65L to the cytoplasmic domain of I8PP and cell surface (22). APLP2. The PI domain of the protein, Shc, is known to To identify the cellular factors and mechanisms responsible interact with the NPXYp motif found in the'cytoplasmic for mediating the intracellular trafficking and/or function of domain of a number of different growth factor receptors. cell surface ,BPP, we screened for proteins that associate with Thus, it is likely that the PI domains present in the C-terminal the cytoplasmic domain of O3PP. Using the interaction trap, we moiety of the hFE65L protein bind the NPXY motif located in isolated one of three human homologues of the rat FE65 gene, the cytoplasmic domain of I3PP and APLP2. which we have termed hFE65L. We demonstrate herein the interaction of hFE65L with 3PP as well as its homologue, Alzheimer disease is characterized by neuronal loss and a APLP2, by coimmunoprecipitation from mammalian cells. relatively high abundance of 3.-amyloid plaques and neurofi- brillary tangles in the brains of affected individuals. 13-amyloid EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES plaques are primarily composed of an -4-kDa peptide called f-amyloid peptide (A,B), which is a normal soluble proteolytic Interaction Trap Screening. Screening for proteins that product derived from the 3-amyloid precursor protein (,BPP) interact with the cytoplasmic domain of O3PP was performed as (1, 2). Molecular investigations aimed at determining the described (23). DNA fragments coding for the cytoplasmic pathogenic events leading to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer domains of human 1PP (nt 2092-2235), APLP1 (5'- disease have demonstrated that either an increase in A,3 CCGGAATTCAGGAAGAAGCCCTACGGGGCTATC-3' secretion (3, 4) or stoichiometric changes in the ratio of and 5'-CGCGGATCCTCAGGGTCGTTCCTCCAGGAA- Af31-42/A31-4o are brought about by familial Alzheimer dis- GCG-3'), and APLP2 (nt 2222-2365) were amplified using the ease-associated mutations in the APP and the recently iden- polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers containing tified presenilin (PS1 and PS2) genes (5, 44). Overexpression EcoRI and BamHI sites on either end. The PCR products were of f3PP or the C-terminal moeity of ,BPP including the A,3 subcloned into the pEG202 backbone and were sequenced to domain has been shown to be toxic to neurons (6-8). However, verify that the APP/APLP coding sequences were in-frame it is not clear in these experiments whether cell death is with the LexA coding sequence. We also confirmed the mediated directly by amyloidogenic A,B or indirectly as a expression of these fusion proteins in yeast total protein consequence of the overexpression of 3PP/I3PP C terminus. extracts by Western blot analysis using an anti-LexA antibody ,BPP is a member of a family of proteins that include the (a gift from R. Brent, Massachusetts General Hospital, Bos- O3PP-like proteins, APLP1 and APLP2 (9-11), that resemble ton). We initially transformed the yeast strain EGY48 that type I cell surface receptors (12). Hence, the toxicity associ- contained LexAop-LEU2, LexAop-LacZ, and LexA-I3PP(649- ated with overexpression of I3PP and the OPP C terminus may 695) with DNA from a galactose-inducible activation domain- be due to interference with normal PPP function. cDNA fusion library constructed from 22-week-old human OPP is transported to the cell surface following maturation fetal brain [a gift from D. Krainc (Massachusetts General in the Golgi complex and is then either secreted or reinter- Hospital, Boston) and R. Brent] using the LiAc transformation nalized (13, 14). Two of the products of f3PP processing are the protocol of Schiestl and Gietz (24). Approximately 2 x 106 secreted ectodomain of ,3PP and the AP peptide (15, 16). The interdependence of the processing pathways responsible for Abbreviations: A,B, f3-amyloid peptide; ,BPP, ,B-amyloid precursor protein; APP, f3-amyloid precursor protein gene; HA, hemagglutinin; PI, phosphotyrosine interaction; CMV, cytomegalovirus. The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge Data deposition: The sequence reported in this paper has been payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in deposited in the GenBank data base (accession no. U62325). accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. *To whom reprint requests should be addressed. 10832 Downloaded by guest on September 30, 2021 Cell Biology: Gue'nette et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93 (1996) 10833 yeast colonies were scraped, pooled, and frozen, and the glucose, 2 mM glutamine, 20 units/liter penicillin, 100 mg/liter library was plated at a multiplicity of 20X on galactose Ura- streptomycin, and 10% fetal bovine serum. His- Trp- Leu- media. We isolated 68 Leu+ colonies and Immunoprecipitations and Western Blot Analyses. Cells streaked these to Ura- His- Trp- glucose plates and retested were washed twice with cold PBS and directly lysed in 10 mM them on glucose Ura- His- Trp- Leu- glucose, Ura- His- Tris (pH 8.0), 0.14 M NaCl, 0.025% NaN3, 5 mM EDTA, and Trp- Leu- galactose, Ura- His- Trp- glucose 5-bromo-4- 1% Triton X-100 buffer containing 1 ,g/ml leupeptin, 10 chloro-3-indolyl 1-D-galactoside (X-Gal), and Ura- His- Trp- ,ug/ml aprotinin, 1 pLg/ml pepstatin, and 0.2 mM phenylmeth- galactose X-Gal media to confirm that induction of the ylsulfonyl fluoride for 30 min at 4°C. The lysates were centri- reporter genes was dependent on galactose. Of these 68 Leu+ fuged at 12,000 rpm for 10 min at 4°C in a microfuge. Total colonies, 39 showed galactose-dependent leucine prototrophy protein was estimated for the recovered supernatants with the and blue color production on X-Gal medium. The inserts of BCA protein assay (Pierce) using BSA as a standard. Immu- rescued plasmids bearing the TRPI marker were amplified by noprecipitations were performed on 250 jig of total protein PCR using the following primers: 5'-CTTGCTGAGTGGA- using the anti-HA epitope tag monoclonal antibody, 12CA5 GATGCC-3' and 5'-GCCGACAACCTTGATTGG-3'; the (Boehringer Mannheim). Inimune complexes were collected products were classified by Southern blot analysis using the with protein G-Agarose (Boehringer Mannheim), and then largest insert as a probe. washed three times with lysis buffer. The immunoprecipitates cDNA Cloning, Sequencing, and Computer Analyses. The were either heated at 55°C for 15 min or boiled for 5 min and cDNA insert of clone 4-2A capable of producing the highest resolved on a 7.5 to 15% gradient gel, transferred to polyvi- ,B-galactosidase activity as a result of interaction with the nylidene difluoride membrane (Pierce), and immunoblotted cytoplasmic domain of OPP was sequenced using the modified with the following antibodies: 22C11 (13), 369W (27), C7 (28), Sequenase T7 DNA polymerase (United States Biochemical) D2-I (29), and 12CA5 (30). The secondary antibody was either for the dideoxy-chain termination method (25). To obtain a peroxidase-conjugated sheep anti-mouse Ig or peroxidase- full-length open reading frame for the hFE65L gene, we conjugated donkey anti-rabbit Ig (Amersham). Immunoblot- screened a human kidney cDNA library constructed in AGT10 ted proteins were detected with an Enhanced Chemilumines- (CLONTECH) using the 4-2A insert as a probe and isolated cence system (Amersham). the 61-19 clone. The cDNA insert from this clone was sub- cloned into the pSK+ Bluescript sequencing vector (Strat- agene) and both strands were sequenced using oligonucleotide RESULTS primers.
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