DOCSLIB.ORG

The Brazilian Satellite Program – a Survey

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Brazilian Satellite Program – a Survey Paper AAS 05-479 THE BRAZILIAN SATELLITE PROGRAM – A SURVEY † Ijar M. Fonseca and Peter M. Bainum‡ The Brazilian space program creation dates from 1961. From that time up to now the country has taken actions towards the human resource development to work in the space area, has built a strong infrastructure to test and integrate satellites, and has accomplished the development and launching of two small low earth orbit (LEO) data collection satellites. The main goals of the Brazilian space program were established in a project called the Brazilian Complete Space Mission (MECB) in 1980. The Brazilian National Institute for Space Research (INPE – Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais) has pursued those goals for almost 4 decades). Presently the INPE Brazilian space program is under the coordination of the Brazilian Space Agency (AEB). The INPE History will be always linked to the Brazilian Space Program since it was under this Institute coordination and execution that the program started and accomplished the launching of the Brazilian satellites. This paper gives an overview about the Brazilian Complete Mission (MECB) with main focus on the Data collection and scientific Satellites developed and launched under the INPE coordination. Also the paper enhances mainly aspects of space mechanics and control features of the satellite designs. The lessons learned during the development of both the SCD-1 and SCD-2 satellites served as a strong guide for the satellites under development at INPE, presently under the coordination of the AEB. The result of the past experience provided the country with capability and a reasonable maturity to develop spacecraft. INTRODUCTION On August 03 1961, Jânio Quadros, then Brazil’s president, created the GOCNAE (The Organizing Group of the National Commission for Space Activities) under the coordination of the CNPq (National Council for Technological Research) in order to † Professor and Control Engineer, Space Mechanics and Control Division, INPE, S. J. Campos, SP, Brazil, E-mail: [email protected] ‡ Professor Emeritus, Howard University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Washington D.C., 20059. E-mail: [email protected] 1 provide the country with the infrastructure necessary for the exploration of outer space. The GOCNAE become known shortly by CNAE (National Commission for Space Activities). The group activities gave birth to the Space Research Institute that in 1971 came to be the National Institute for Space Research, INPE. Initially the activities developed at INPE involved research areas related to space and atmospheric sciences. The activities expanded and evolved to space applications areas, mainly remote sensing and meteorology, and space technology development, in particular satellites and the ground associated systems. The Brazilian initiatives towards space gained a new impulse by 1979 with the creation of the Brazilian Complete Space Mission (MECB). INPE comprises now various research institutes. The Brazilian space activities compose just one of them. Presently those space activities are formalized in the MECB1,2. The motivation that pushed Brazil towards the space conquest involves the country’s continental area with large regions covered by immense extension of rain forest (most of the Amazon region is inside Brazil’s territory), large regions stroked by large periods without rain and with serious social problems related to sickness and poverty. Large regions sparsely inhabited and with a very weak infrastructure regarding roads and energy to support local industrial development. In contrast the South and the South East regions of the country involve states that, if taken separately, would be as well developed and advanced as the world’s most developed countries. The diversity and large size of a land of contrasts3,4. The premises that guided the country towards space include the fact Figure 1 The 14-bis Plane – Brazilian Alberto Santos Dumont Flight: The First Heavier-than-air Officially Recognized Flight, Europe, 1906 that space could provide better knowledge of all the different regions and could help planning and controlling agricultural activities, the deforestation, and the weather prediction. In addition, the use of satellites could provide the country with better and efficient telecommunication systems. Furthermore, the Brazilian wide territory provides an excellent place to develop a satellite launch base, very close to the equatorial line. 2 Another story that brings about Brazil in space is the fact that the Brazilians have demonstrated throughout History a strong tendency to participate in the human effort toward the development in aerospace, as it was in Paris, 1906, with the Brazilian Alberto Santos Dumont 14-bis flight, the first heavier-than-air controlled aircraft flight5,6 (Figure 1). Presently the country confirms that tendency by being among those countries that conquered space not only with INPE’s remarkable presence in space, but also with EMBRAER, the Brazilian aircraft company that is recognized in all of the world by the quality and excellence of the aircraft it produces. The space conquest involving an environment without atmosphere and embedded in a microgravity environment is a History the country is helping to write. INPE’s excellent reputation in the space area is recognized by most of the best institutions and organizations related to space in the world. However, to get into space would require coordinated and planned actions before accomplishing the goals of getting there. There was a long way ahead since that beginning in 1961. The country had to invest on infrastructure to support, integrate and test spacecrafts; on human resource development to work in the space area, on software system development to simulate, predict and control orbit and attitude among other challenges. Regarding human resource development the country established a doctoral program supported by CNPq, CAPES, and FAPESP for space research subjects. Hundreds of students have been sent abroad (USA, Canada, Germany, French, Japan, and England) to get their Ph.D. or Doctorate degrees in Flight Mechanics or other space related areas. Many of those students became leaders in human resource preparation in the country’s universities and research institutes and also were engaged in the space program developments. It is worthy to note that the Brazilian space program effort towards space counted on the contribution of many scientists and space area specialists from different countries of the world. Sometimes they contributed by coming to INPE for conferences, short courses and training people (Malcolm Shuster then from APL, Peter M. Bainum from Howard University, Bernd Schaeffer from DLR, Ramon de Paula from NASA Headquarters, Luc Fraiture and R. Munch from ESA-ESOC, Mikhail Pivovarov and Alexander Sukhanov from IKI, Moscow and many others). Others came and stayed in the institute for some time (from months to years) through joint space projects and/or as visiting researchers. The foundation of the Brazilian space program has been built on the basis of effort, persistence, idealism, international cooperation, and a peaceful relationship with countries from different political and economic regimes, with different history and religions. The space joint programs/activities with the USA, China, Russia, Japan, France, Canada, India, and Germany among others are examples of the country’s capability to manage to work with many different people around the world. MECB – THE BRAZILIAN COMPLETE SPACE MISSION The scope, the main objectives and directions of the Brazilian space program were established in a project called the Brazilian Complete Space Mission (MECB)1,2. The project was approved in 1979. The MECB initially involved civilian (INPE) and military institutions (Ministry of Aeronautics) separately. These institutions were, for the civilian side, the Secretary of Science and Technology. This secretary was replaced by 3 the Ministry of Science and Technology. In this context the INPE space segment was directly under that Ministry until the last year (2004). Presently the Brazilian Space Agency (AEB) is responsible for the whole Brazilian space program coordination and the INPE space program is under AEB supervision. Regarding the military side of the Brazilian space program, the Ministry of Aeronautics is still responsible for the Satellite Vehicle Launcher (VLS) and the satellite launching base developments. However, these programs also are now under the AEB coordination. The main goals stated in the MECB are the design, development, launching and operation of two small low Earth orbit (LEO) Data Collection satellites (SCDs – Satélites de Coleta de Dados), and two remote sensing satellites (SSRs - Satélites de Sensoriamento Remoto)7-9. The space program includes the ground facilities, a laboratory for satellite integration and tests, and the design, construction and implementation of a launching base center at Alcântara (CLA – Centro de Lançamento de Alcântara, located at 2°17' S, 44°23' W, in the State of Maranhão). The main MECB objectives can be summarized as 1. To develop human resources and related infrastructure so as to support space activities in Brazil; 2. To call for partnership with industry in the task of developing space technologies; 3. To develop satellites with applications related to specific Brazilian needs (including those of interest to low-latitude regions worldwide); 4. To arrange for Brazil to participate in international space programs The MECB has been extended
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Brazil's Accession to the Mtcr
    Wyn Q. Bowen Report: BRAZIL’S ACCESSION TO THE MTCR by Wyn Q. Bowen Wyn Q. Bowen is a Senior Research Associate of the Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies. He is also a Ph.D. candidate in International Relations at the University of Birmingham and is completing a dissertation on U.S. missile nonproliferation policy during the Bush administration. n October 1995, Brazil’s membership in the Mis- the design and construction of a center from which to sile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) was ap- launch the VLS at Alcantara (CLA), in the northern proved unanimously at the regime’s 10th plenary state of Maranhao.1 The VLS was to be developed us- I 2 meeting in Bonn, Germany. Acceptance in the MTCR ing technology derived from the Sonda rocket series. was the outcome of a series of policy changes initi- The central role of the military in the MECB during ated by Brazil in early 1994 to address international the 1980s, however, cast doubt over the true nature of missile proliferation concerns. This report consid- the space program. The Brazilian Commission for Space ers the past Brazilian rocket and missile activities that Activities (COBAE), responsible for overseeing and generated these concerns and the policy changes running the MECB, was chaired by the armed forces which Brazil undertook to gain acceptance in the chief of staff.3 The prominent role of the Air Force’s MTCR. The implications of Brazil’s membership in Aerospace Technical Center (CTA) in developing the the regime are also considered, along with some of VLS also suggested the military might have other rea- the missile proliferation concerns which continue to sons for developing space launch vehicles.
    [Show full text]
  • Planetary Science in the Eyes of Giant Telescopes
    Planetary Science in the Eyes of Giant Telescopes Franck Marchis (Carl Sagan Center at the SETI Ins<tute) Feeding the Giants Workshop, Ischia, Italy, August 30 2011, Outline ELTs = Extremely Large Telescopes (E-ELT, TMT, GMT) • Solar System Exploraon – Why Exploring the Solar System with ELTs – Space Mission Programs: Why, Who, Where, When? • Poten<al of the ELTs for Solar System Science – High Angular imaging coupled with spectroscopy in the NIR to explore Io, Titan, and TNOs – Low res UV-NIR spectroscopic combined with All-sky surveys 402 Years of Telescopes Why Planetary Science and the ELTs? • Long heritage of telescopic observaons for the study of the Solar System • Started in 1609 with Galileo Galilei – First publicaon in modern astronomy based on telescope data – Discoveries in the field of Planetary Science • Galilean Moons • Roughness of the Moon surface • Disk appearance of planets & phase of Venus • In 2009, 40% of Keck PR and 25% of Keck AO publicaons are based on Planetary Science results • Strong Public Interest for Planetary Science Toys in Japan Pluto protests 51 Years of Space Missions • First aempts to reach Mars (1960) and Venus (1961) • ~200 solar, lunar and interplanetary missions • More reliable technologies -> more space missions • More accessible technologies -> more countries have access to space (e.g. Japan, China, India,…) • Could the ELTs contribute to Planetary Science in this context? 51 Years of Space Missions (2009) Naonal Geographic 51 Years of Space Missions Inner Solar System NEA 51 Years of Space Missions
    [Show full text]
  • Space and Defense Issue
    SPACE and DEFENSE Volume Nine Number One Spring 2016 Attack on the Brain: Neurowars and Neurowarfare Armin Krishnan Volume Five Number One Brazil Space: SGDC Satellite Sum Gills Vilar Lopes mer 2011 Mexico Aerospace: The Querétaro Cluster Mónica Casalet REVIEW: Crowded Orbits Coalitions in Space:Deron Jackson Where Networks are PowerPublisher’s Corner: Space Policy’s SALT Moment Ambassadorby James Roger G. ClayHarrison Moltz The 2010 National Space Policy: Down to Earth? by Joan Johnson-Freese Space & Defense Journal of the United States Air Force Academy Eisenhower Center for Space and Defense Studies Publisher Ambassador Roger Harrison, [email protected] Inaugural Director and Co-founder, Eisenhower Center for Space and Defense Studies Editor Dr. Damon Coletta U.S. Air Force Academy, USA Associate Editors Mr. Deron Jackson Dr. Peter Hays Director, Eisenhower Center George Washington University, USA U.S. Air Force Academy, USA Ms. Jonty Kasku-Jackson National Security Space Institute, USA Dr. Schuyler Foerster U.S. Air Force Academy, USA Thank You to Our Reviewers Andrew Aldrin Joanne Gabrynowicz United Launch Alliance, USA University of Mississippi, USA James Armor Jason Healey ATK, USA Atlantic Council, USA William Barry Theresa Hitchens NASA Headquarters, USA United Nations, Switzerland Daniel Blinder Wade Huntley UNSAM-CONICET, Argentina Independent Researcher, USA Dean Cheng Ram Jakhu Heritage Foundation, USA McGill University, Canada, USA Robert Callahan Dana Johnson NORAD-NORTHCOM, USA Department of State, USA Robert Carriedo Roger Launius U.S. Air Force Academy, USA National Air and Space Museum Frans von der Dunk John Logsdon University of Nebraska, USA George Washington University, USA Paul Eckart Agnieszka Lukaszczyk Boeing, USA Secure World Foundation, Belgium Andrew Erickson Molly Macauley Naval War College, USA Resources for the Future, USA Laura Delgado Lopez Dimitrios Stroikos Secure World Foundation, USA London School of Economics, United Kingdom Adam Lowther Brent Talbot SANDS, Kirtland AFB, USA U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Active International Agreements by Signature Date (As of March 31, 2021)
    Active International Agreements by Signature Date (as of March 31, 2021) No. Responsible NASA Installation Partner Name Title/Purpose Type of Activity Description Execution Expiration Agreement (Signature Date Date) 1 Kennedy Space Center (KSC) Government of Spain Government of Spain Umbrella/Frame Authorization for, in case of an emergency, manned space vehicles of the United 11-Jul-91 31-Dec-00 work Agreement States to overfly, enter, and depart Spanish air space and use the runways, (UM/FW) taxiways, and other installations at the Moron de la Frontera, Rota, and Zaragoza bases; also, agreement to negotiate agreements in promising areas for joint efforts to strengthen cooperation in space science and technology. Dip notes entering the agreement into force were exchange on Sept 3, 1991, and May 12, 1994. The science and technology portion of this agreement was implemented by agreement SP0027 of 12/02/1991 with INTA and agreement SP0028 of 07/03/1992 with CDTI. 2 All NASA Centers National Institute for National Institute for Aerospace Technology Umbrella/Frame Broad agreement between NASA and the National Institute for Aerospace 2-Dec-91 31-Dec-00 Aerospace Technology (INTA) work Agreement Technology of Spain (INTA) to consider cooperation in a variety of fields in Space (INTA) (UM/FW) Science, Earth Science, Aeronautics Research, and Exploration Systems. The agreement also establishes a group to discuss potential cooperative projects in the identified areas. The agreement is automatically extended each year. The expiration date of 2100 was picked because it was far in the future. 3 All NASA Centers Center for Technological Center for Technological Industrial Umbrella/Frame Umbrella/Framework Agreement (UM/FW): 3-Jul-92 31-Dec-00 Industrial Development Development (CDTI) work Agreement (CDTI) (UM/FW) NASA Center: Mentioned different NASA Installations.
    [Show full text]
  • General Assembly Distr.: General 9 November 2017 English Original: Chinese/English/Spanish
    United Nations A/AC.105/1154 General Assembly Distr.: General 9 November 2017 English Original: Chinese/English/Spanish Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space International cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space: activities of Member States Note by the Secretariat Contents Page I. Introduction ................................................................ 2 II. Replies received from Member States .......................................... 2 Austria .................................................................... 2 Brazil ..................................................................... 5 China ..................................................................... 9 Denmark .................................................................. 11 Germany .................................................................. 11 Italy ...................................................................... 13 Mexico .................................................................... 17 Norway ................................................................... 17 V.17-07896 (E) 131217 141217 *1707896* A/AC.105/1154 I. Introduction 1. At its fifty-fourth session, the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space recommended that the Secretariat continue to invite Member States to submit annual reports on their space activities (A/AC.105/1138, para. 42). 2. In a note verbale dated 26 July 2017, the Secretary-General invited Member States to submit their reports by 16 October 2017.
    [Show full text]
  • Toward the Heavens Latin America's Emerging Space Programs
    Toward the Heavens Latin America’s Emerging Space Programs A Report of the CSIS Americas Program and Space Initiatives CENTER FOR STRATEGIC & CSIS INTERNATIONAL STUDIES authors 1800 K Street, NW | Washington, DC 20006 Tel: (202) 887-0200 | Fax: (202) 775-3199 Johanna Mendelson Forman E-mail: [email protected] | Web: www.csis.org Vincent Sabathier G. Ryan Faith Ashley Bander contributors Thomas Cook Ana Janaina Nelson August 2009 CENTER FOR STRATEGIC & CSIS INTERNATIONAL STUDIES Toward the Heavens Latin America’s Emerging Space Programs A Report of the CSIS Americas Program and Space Initiatives authors Johanna Mendelson Forman Vincent Sabathier G. Ryan Faith Ashley Bander contributors Thomas Cook Ana Janaina Nelson August 2009 About CSIS In an era of ever-changing global opportunities and challenges, the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) provides strategic insights and practical policy solutions to decisionmakers. CSIS conducts research and analysis and develops policy initiatives that look into the future and anticipate change. Founded by David M. Abshire and Admiral Arleigh Burke at the height of the Cold War, CSIS was dedicated to the simple but urgent goal of finding ways for America to survive as a nation and prosper as a people. Since 1962, CSIS has grown to become one of the world’s preeminent public policy institutions. Today, CSIS is a bipartisan, nonprofit organization headquartered in Washington, DC. More than 220 full-time staff and a large network of affiliated scholars focus their expertise on defense and security; on the world’s regions and the unique challenges inherent to them; and on the issues that know no boundary in an increasingly connected world.
    [Show full text]
  • ESPI Insights Space Sector Watch
    ESPI Insights Space Sector Watch Issue 16 May 2021 THIS MONTH IN THE SPACE SECTOR… MARS LANDING CEMENTS CHINA’S POSITION AS MAJOR SPACE POWER ................................................................ 1 POLICY & PROGRAMMES .................................................................................................................................... 2 ESA awards €150 million in contracts to continue development of Prometheus and Phoebus .......... 2 European Commission targets second study for its space-based secure connectivity project .......... 2 South Korea joins Artemis accords and strengthens partnership with the U.S. ..................................... 2 May marks busy month in UK space sector................................................................................................... 3 NASA temporarily suspends SpaceX’s HLS contract following protests on the award ........................ 3 Spain eyes creation of a National Space Agency .......................................................................................... 3 Space Force awards $228 million GPS contract extension to Raytheon Intelligence and Space ...... 4 China officially establishes company to develop and operate broadband mega constellation ........... 4 Lithuania signs Association Agreement with ESA ........................................................................................ 4 CNES and Bundeswehr University Munich (UniBw) launch SpaceFounders accelerator ..................... 4 The Brazilian Space Agency selects Virgin Orbit
    [Show full text]
  • European Union – Brazil Sector Dialogues
    EUROPEAN Union – Brazil SECTOR DIALOGUES FINAL REPORT 2014 - 12 - 18 STUDY ON THE BRAZILIAN AND EUROPEAN INITIATIVES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MICRO- AND NANO-SATELLITE INDUSTRY CONTACT INFORMATION Project National Directorate Brazilian Ministry of Planning, Budget and Management + 55 (61) 2020.8527/1704/1823 [email protected] www.sectordialogues.org Carlos Leonardo Teófilo Durans Brazilian Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade Secretariat of Production Development General Coordination of Aerospace and Defense Industries +55 (61) 2027-7915 [email protected] Igor Alonso Portillo Senior External Expert +34 607 339 357 [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2 3 STUDY ON THE BRAZILIAN AND EUROPEAN INITIATIVES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MICRO- AND NANO-SATELLITE INDUSTRY INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................7 TABLE OF 1. STUDY PROJECT BACKGROUND ..............................................................................9 1.1. CONTEXT ............................................................................................................................9 1.2. GOALS AND EXPECTED OUTCOMES ....................................................................................10 CONTENTS 1.3. STUDY METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................10 1.4. FINAL REPORT STRUCTURE AND RATIONALE .......................................................................11
    [Show full text]
  • Center for Strategic Studies Marechal Cordeiro De Farias
    Brazilian War School (ESG) Center for Strategic Studies Marechal Cordeiro de Farias OMNIDEF ANALYSIS YEAR 4 EDITION 6 – JULY 2021 ISSN: 2595-9212 Center for Strategic Studies Marechal Cordeiro de Farias ISSN 2595-9212 BRAZILIAN WAR COLLEGE MONTHLY NEWSLETTER Highlights SECURITY AND DEFENSE PUBLIC POLICIES The OMNIDEF ANALYSIS is a monthly • Space Activities in Brazil and the benefits for publication with analyses* about themes society addressed in the previous month of • Potential of companies in the aeronautical sector: quality certifications for manufacturing OMNIDEF and identified as the most structural components of the Gripen-BR - Saab relevant for the National Defense context. Gripen-São Bernardo do Campo-SP case Editorial Body Editor: Ricardo A. Fayal Editor Auxiliar: Gabriela Paulucci da HoraViana Related Videos José Martins Rodrigues Junior Conselho Editorial: Antonio dos Santos; Conheça a Antena Multissatelital que Ricardo Alfredo de Assis Fayal; ampliará a fiscalização na Amazônia To access this vídeo, CLICK HERE Ricardo Rodrigues Freire Auxiliares de Tradução: Juliana de Souza Clos Lucas Gabriel Rego Muniz Rafael Esteves Gomes Russia launches lab module to ISS To access this vídeo, CLICK HERE. Researchers of the Edition Carlos Alberto Gonçalves de Araújo - Masters in Remote Sensing from the National Institute for Space Research (INPE). Corrida espacial atrai setor privado e Adjunct of the Division of Fundamentals, Planning and multimilionários Management (DFPG) of the War College (ESG). To access this vídeo, CLICK HERE. Edinaldo Célio de Araújo Souza - Master of Science in Political Science and International Relations, with emphasis *The information contained here does not necessarily reflect the view of the on Defense and Aerospace Power, from the Air Force Ministry of Defense, of the Brazilian War College, of the Center for Strategic University in agreement with the Fluminense Federal Studies Marechal Cordeiro de Farias and/or of their members.
    [Show full text]
  • Satélites Da Série SCD
    Petrônio Noronha de Souza é Engenheiro Mecânico pela UNICAMP (1982), com Mestra- do em Ciência Espacial/Mecânica Orbital pelo INPE (1986) e Doutorado em Engenharia pelo Cranfield Institute of Technology (Inglaterra) em 1993. No INPE trabalhou na Missão Espacial Completa Brasileira de 1986 a 1990, tendo par- ticipado do desenvolvimento do Amortecedor de Nutação dos satélites da série SCD. Iniciou o projeto do Experimento Roda de Reação (ERR) que integrou o satélite SCD-2. Em 1995 assu- miu a coordenação do Grupo de Projetos da Divisão de Mecânica Espacial e Controle (DMC). Nesta atividade participou da conclusão dos satélites SCD, do projeto do satélite científico SACI-1 e do projeto da gôndola do telescópio imageador MASCO. De 1997 a 1999 assumiu a chefia da DMC. Ocupou de 1998 a 2005 a gerência no INPE do Programa Brasileiro para a Estação Espacial Internacional, pro,grama desenvolvido junto à NASA e à Agência Espacial Brasileira. Em 2004 fundou a Associação Aeroespacial Brasileira (AAB). Petrônio Noronha de Souza Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE) Caixa Postal 515 12245-970, São José dos Campos, SP [email protected] - 2007- SUMÁRIO 3 Introdução 5 Como funcionam os satélites 13 Panorama e história das atividades espaciais 23 Panorama e histórico das atividades espaciais no Brasil 25 A organização do Programa Espacial Brasileiro 27 Os Satélites de Coleta de Dados 1 e 2 (SCD-1 e SCD-2) 31 Projeto conjunto Brasil-China para o desenvolvimento de satélites de recursos terrestres 39 O programa brasileiro de pequenos satélites e satélites científicos 41 Atividades 41 Oficina “Como girar um satélite” 45 Problemas de movimentação num ambiente de microgravidade 57 CD Interativo “Satélites e seus subsistemas” 59 Referências Bibliográficas 61 Apêndice A INTRODUÇÃO Palavras-chaves: MECB, SCD, CBERS, satélite, sub- sistema Este trabalho inicia apresentando um embasamento técnico sobre a tec- nologia de satélites.
    [Show full text]
  • Conformity Assessment in the Brazilian Space Program – a Necessary Discussion
    Proceedings of COBEM 2007 19 th International Congress of Mechanical Engineering Copyright © 2007 by ABCM November, 5 - 9, 2007, Brasília, DF CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT IN THE BRAZILIAN SPACE PROGRAM – A NECESSARY DISCUSSION Mario Niwa Comando-Geral de Tecnologia Aeroespacial - CTA Instituto de Fomento e Coordenação Industrial – IFI Praça Mal.-Ar Eduardo Gomes, 50 – Vila das Acácias CEP 12.231-970 – São José dos Campos/SP - Brazil [email protected] Luiz Alberto C. Munaretto Comando-Geral de Tecnologia Aeroespacial – CTA Subdiretoria de Empreendimentos – Divisão de Projetos – DPJ Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 1.941 – Parque Martim Cererê CEP 12.227-000 – São José dos Campos/SP - Brazil [email protected] Abstract. The probable use of the Launching Center of Alcântara - CLA for commercial launching with the Ukraine places additional stress on the process for structuring a conformity assessment system within the national space program. The first efforts toward achieving this goal has been made by the Brazilian Space Agency - AEB, for example, through the implementation of the National System for Compliance Evaluation in the Space Domain – SINACESPAÇO and through the elaboration of safety regulations for launching activities in the Brazilian territory. Although some concepts from aeronautics can be adapted directly, some peculiarities inherent to the space field, namely high reliability and safety requirements, limited number of similar products for comparative reference and limited access to the product during the operation in the space, introduce additional difficulties to the regular advance of the process. In the present work, some of these subsequent questions, as the level of reliability to be demanded and the level of width and depth to be adopted in the evaluations, will be pointed out and discussed, taking into account the domestic situation and the experience of advanced countries.
    [Show full text]
  • An Optimized Hybrid Rocket Motor for the SARA Platform Reentry System
    doi: 10.5028/jatm.2012.04032312 An Optimized Hybrid Rocket Motor for the SARA Platform Reentry System Pedro Luiz Kaled Da Cás, Cristiano Queiroz Vilanova, Manuel Nascimento Dias Barcelos Jr.*, Carlos Alberto Gurgel Veras Universidade de Brasília - Brasília/DF Brazil Abstract: This paper has described a system design process, based on a multidisciplinary optimization technique, of a conceptual optimized hybrid propellant rocket motor. The proposed engine could be a technological option for the reentry maneuvering system of the Brazilian recoverable satellite (SARA), which was designed by the Brazilian Institute of Aeronautics and Space. The resulting optimized propulsion system must be viewed as a proof of concept allowing comparison to more conventional technologies, i.e., liquid and solid motors. Design effort was conducted for hybrid SURSHOODQWVHQJLQHVEDVHGRQDOLTXHI\LQJIXHO VROLGSDUDI¿Q DQGWZRGLIIHUHQWR[LGL]HUV+2O2 KLJKWHVWSHUR[LGH and self-pressurizing N227KHPXOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\FRQ¿JXUDWLRQRSWLPL]DWLRQWHFKQLTXHZDVVXSSRUWHGRQJHRPHWULFDO operating parameters of the motor, rather than on performance, in order to facilitate subsequent design and fabrication. Results from the code presented a hybrid motor, which was considered a competitive alternative for the deboost engine when compared to the traditional chemical systems, solid and liquid bipropellant, and monopropellant. The estimated mass of the reentry system, for the cases addressed in this study, varied from 22 to 29 kg, which is lower than either liquid bipropellant or solid engines formerly proposed. Keywords:+\EULGURFNHWSURSXOVLRQ0XOWLSK\VLFVDQDO\VLV'HVLJQRSWLPL]DWLRQ INTRODUCTION The SARA satellite was conceived as a microgravity 300 km from the launch site. The system should be accelerated recoverable and reusable research platform by both Brazilian by a Brazilian VS-40 sounding rocket (Fig.
    [Show full text]