J.F.Klotzsch: his Scottish Legacy – supplement

Roy Watling

Caledonian Enterprises, Edinburgh, EH4 3HU & Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, EH 3 5LR, Scotland

E-mail: [email protected]

The information below supports the article Kinnordy Estate, Angus: 1 ½ miles north-west of discussing the acivities of Josef Franz Klotzsch by Kirriemuir; birthplace of Sir Charles Lyell (1797- analysing the collections he made in Scotland during 1875). his stay there from 1820 to 1832. Lochlaggan: South-west of Kingussie, Inverness- shire: Visited probably during his trip to the Localities appearing on Klotszch’s labels; for Highlands. completeness additional localities Loch Laich, Argyll-shire: Branch of Loch Linne. 1 ½ accompanying other Klotzsch material have m. north-east of Port Appin and undoubtedly visited been included in bold. whlist Klotzsch was in Appin. Appin, Argyll-shire: Residence of J. Carmichael, Sandyford, Botanic Garden, Glasgow: situated retired military man who became interested in fungi between Sauchiehall Street and Argyle Street, south contributing many interesting species to the Scottish of Kelvingrove Park. mycota (Ramsbottom, 1963). Aviemore, Inverness-shire: This must have been the Abreviations used in text base for the collections labelled ‘Highlands’. Fb. = fruiting body. Probably collected whilst accomanying Hooker. Fr. Syst. M. on Klotzsch’s labels refers to Systema Bankhead: Seat near Rutherglen N.W Mycologicum (1821) and in Klotzsch is usually with Lanarkshire now dormitory suburb of Glasgow a page number as a reference to a particular south of City Centre. description. Blantyre, Lanarkshire: 2 miles north-west of No loc. = No locality given by Klotzsch. Hamilton where there is the remains of a priory. No sign. = Not signed but undoubtedly Klotzsch’s Carmyle, Lanarkshire: South-west border of handwriting for species name etc. Monkland. R&A = Reid & Austwick Annotated List, 1963. Castle Semple, Renfrewshire: Loch and estate close Sow. Used by Klotzsch in the same way as ‘Fr.’’ when to Lochwinnoch. referring to Sowerby’s Illustrations of English Fungi. Dougalston, Stirlingshire: House and loch, 1 mile south-east of Milngavie. Also appears as Duglestone SYSTEMATIC LIST OF SPECIMENS (with or without ‘e’) and even Douglastone, or even The names of basidiomycetes follow Legon & Henrici resembling Douglaton. (2005) and subsequent updates. Other fungi follow Erskine, Renfrewshire: 5 miles north-west of Paisley, CABI’s Index of Fungi. former large estate with mansion; now golf course Entries in bold italics in the systematic list below and departure point of ferry to Old Kilpatrick. outline critical collections and some Klotzsch Fort William, Argyllshire: Important hub for specimens in the herbarium of the Royal Botanic travellers to north-west Scotland. Gardens, Kew but not found in Edinburgh. Gilmour Hill: The seat of the University of Glasgow and now known as Gilmorehill. Basidiomycotina Garscube, Dunbartonshire: A former estate 1m. west of Maryhill, with a mansion built in 1827; this was Agaricales: Agaricaceae subsequently demolished because of ‘dry rot’ Coprinus comatus (O. F.Müll.) Pers. As Agaricus making way ultimately for the Glasgow Veterinary comatus Müller May-Oct. 1830. College. In fact many of the collecting sites of The material consists of 2 collections, the first Klotzsch are now undoubtedly under buildings. consisting of a fb. & section and another collection of Gallowhill: Gallowgate, East Glasgow. both mature and immature specimens plus section. Glenhead, Glen Isla, Angus: Close to Kinnordy and No loc. one collectiion signed & the other annotated visited there probably whilst with Charles Lyall snr. ‘common’. Hamilton: 10 3/4 miles south-east of Glasgow at This is very common and widespread in gardens, the junction of the Rivers Avon and Clyde, and parks etc. in usually previously disturbed areas; seat of the Duke of Hamilton. common along the grass verges and in central Inveraray: Argyllshire: West side of Loch Fyne reservations of roads. Widespread in Scotland as and seat of the Duke of Argyll. throughout BI. Molecular data has shown that C. comatus, the type of the genus, is unrelated to many other species assigned to Coprinus in classic The material consists of halved fb. & section. There literature. Thus many many familiar names have to appears to be a fundamental error in identification be accommodated in different genera distributed for this collection, something seen in many other amongst former species of Psathyrella. national fungaria where Macrolepiota procera Lepiota clypeolariodes Rea As Agaricus (Scop.: Fr.) Singer is confused with what was once clypeolarius. No loc. No date. Sowerby p.14, July 1830. named ‘Macrolepiota rhacodes’. This is our most Although not signed the label is typical for widespread and relatively common parasol Klotzsch. The material consists of 2 ½ fbs. & 2 mushroom in Scotland being found in parkland sections. communities, conifer plantations and in wind It is with some hesitation that this epithet is re- breaks. It is also common and widespread in the introduced but the material agrees with Rea British Isles. (1922), although the name is rejected as a nomen (Lycoperdaceae) nudum by the Check List authors (Legon & Henrici, Bovista nigrescens Pers.: Pers. As Bovista 2005). The fungus is very similar to L. clypeolaria nigrescens, Helensburgh, July 1831. (Bull.: Fr.) P. Kummer in external appearances but This is a possible collection made of an immature fb. differs in the elliptic-ovoid basidiospores (viz. by Klotzsch. The label exhibits slightly different Lepiota sect. Ovisporae); L. clypeolaria in contrast hand-writing to that seen elsewhere. There is a very has fusoid spores viz. sect. Fusisporae. The latter similar collection from the same locality in the fungus has had many interpretations so it is no Fleming collections (Watling, 2014). This is a surprise that Klotzsch did not possess the true L. common and widespread puffball in Scotland found clypeolaria having not used microscopic in grassland from sea-level to hill pasture at altitude characters in his identification but he was astute and occasionally at margins of woodlands and enough to realise that there was more than one copses. It is also common and widespread species involved. Both species occur in leaf litter in throughtout the British Isles. frondose woodland but are very rare in Scotland. There is also material from the same locality L. clypeolarioides is also rare in the British Isles, annotated with reference to Fries’ ‘Systema Mycol. there being a single recent collection (Orton 1964) III: Herb Hooker 1867’; the latter is the date of from SW England in Edinburgh. accession not collection. The specimens are in fact a The material from Castle Semple located amongst mixture of Bovista plumbea Pers.: Pers. and the Fleming collections consists of 2 sections & 2 immature B. polymorpha (Bonord.) Demoulin, halved fbs. The collections agree in all ways species which commonly grow together. There is suggesting that Castle Semple is very probably the Klotzsch material from Helensburgh in the Fleming localisation of the materal in Edinburgh. Berkeley Herbarium, which although labelled B. nigresens is B. (1836) makes note of this material indicating that plumbea fitting in with the 1867 Hooker specimen the fungus was found in a stove at Castle Semple but collected some 13 years later. and that Klotzsch thought it differed from the true Lycoperdon perlatum Pers. As Lycoperdon Ag. clypeolarius ‘and was disposed to consider it a gemmatum b perlatum Pers. Fries III, p. 37. In beech distinct species’. woodland, Kirriemuir, September 1830. Leucocoprinus birnbaumii (Corda) Singer As The material consists of 3 flattened, immature fbs. L. Agaricus luteus Bolt., Kinnordy, August 1830. gemmatum Batsch is now considered a synonym of The material consists of 2 fbs. & section. This is L. perlatum, although this epithet was widely used in undoubtedly linked to an indoor site; perhaps in the the classic literature. It is a very common and glasshouses or stoves in the still extant walled- widespread puffball in woodlands and copses in garden and glass-houses opposite the main house at Scotland and has a similar distribution throughout Kinnordy. It is frequent and widespread under cover the British Isles. in greenhouses in Scotland and especially more Amanitaceae recently with potted plants distributed through Amanita fulva (Schaeff.) Fr. As Agaricus vaginatus supermarket chains etc. It is similarly widespread in Bull., Highlands, August 1830. No loc. parallel situations in the British Isles. There are 2 collections in one packet consisting of L. cepistipes (Sow.: Fr.) Pat. As Agaricus cepistipes several halved fbs. & sections, one not labelled at all Sowerby, Castle Semple, October 1830. although the paper etc. is indicative of Klotzsch’s The material is of 2 collections, only one signed, each herbarium technique. In classical literature the consisting of 2 halved fbs. & section. This species is epithet ‘vaginata’ also included A. fulva, a rich sienna uncommon in Scotland and often associated with or tawny coloured taxon found with Betula. piles of rotting leaf or plant material in gardens; it is Klotzsch’s exsiccata resembles A. fulva much more less frequently seen outside greenhouses or cold than the grey A. vaginata (Bull.) Lam. There are no frames. It is unusual that Klotzsch did not record the microscopic details by which these species can be habitat which is so distinct. This species is distinguished. With no field notes one can only go on widespread in southern parts of the British Isles. the colour of the dried specimens. A fulva is common, Chlorophyllum rhacodes (Vitt.) Vellinga As especially in Scottish birchwoods; A. vaginata is also Agaricus procerus Scop. Castle Semple, October 1830. widespread in a range of woodland types, especially with Fagus and Quercus but is less common than A. Clavariaceae fulva. The locality ‘Highlands’ would also point to A. Clavulinospis corniculata (Fr.) Corner As Clavaria fulva. It is common throughout Scotland as it is in the pratensis Pers., in moss in meadows, October 1830. No British Isles. Recently several new cryptic species loc. have been recognized as growing in Britain differing The material consists of 3 fbs. agreeing with the only in field characters with little microscopic gracile form, approaching f. simplex Donk. This fairy distinction. We will never know to which the club is common and widespread in grasslands, Klotzsch material can be assigned without field data. although it is also found, albeit less frequently, in It however, would be assigned to the macro-species woodland clearings. Var. pratensis in the past has ‘fulva’ as suggested above. referred to the pastoral form and is both common A. muscaria (L.) Lam. As Agaricus muscarius Linn., and widespread in Scotland as elsewhere in Britain. Highlands, August 1830. Ramariopsis kunzei (Fr.) Corner A possible There is no further information accompanying the 2 collection as Clavaria cristata found amongst the sections & 2 halved fbs. This is colloquially called the Klotzsch material. See Discussion: Systematics Notes Fly Agaric, a very common and widespread agaric in 1 below. both natural woodland and planted areas. It is Cortinariaceae especially associated with Betula, but is found also in Cortinarius (Dermocybe) croceus (Schaeff.) Gray other woodland-types and plantations and not As Agaricus cinnamomeus Linn., Highland woodlands, infrequently on estates with exotic trees. Probably August 1830. the present collection was from Betula woodland The material consists of 2 collections in a single being indicated as being from the Highlands. It is capsule. One collection is made up of 3 fbs. & 2 very common and widespread throughout the sections and the second of 2 fbs. & single section British Isles. respectively. Klotszch’s collections agree more with A. rubescens Pers. As Agaricus rubescens Pers., in C. croceus than C. cinnamomeus (L.) S. F. Gray with woodland, frequent, July-September. 1830. No loc. The their tapered stipe obviously buried in moss in one material consists of a section & 2 halved fbs. This specimen, distinctly umbonate pileus and medium fungus is known colloquially as ‘The Blusher’ from sized basidiospores, larger than in typical C. the pinkish hues developed when bruised. It is cinnomomeus. This species was considered a form of common and widespread in woodlands, parks, C. cinnamomeus by Fries (1821) and subsequent gardens and on estates in Scotland, often appearing authors have recognized a suite of species, formerly after the first summer rains. It is common and all placed under C. cinnamomeus, including C. widespread elsewhere in the British Isles. An croceus. This species is common and widespread in unsigned collection of 2 halved fbs. and section from Scotland with both conifers and frondodse hosts and Inverary and dated August 1831 has been also has been found associated with Pinus sylvestris in located in the Fleming’s Herbarium. The mounting of remnant Caledonian pinewood; it is less common this material is typical of Klotzsch. elsewhere in the British Isles. This fungus has also ? Amanitaceae: incertae sedis been found infrequently with scrub plants even Tricholomopsis rutilans (Schaeff.: Fr.) Singer As caricies and dwarf salices. Agaricus rutilans Schaeff. , August–October 1830. No C. (Phlegmacium) glaucopus (Schaeff.) Fr. As loc. Agaricus glaucopus, Dougalston, November 1830. The collection consists of 2 halved fbs. & section, The material consists of a halved fb. & section. This with a label typically of Klotzsch. These are rather is a poorly known species thought to be associated small fbs. but this common Scottish agaric is very with Fagus in frondose woodland. The locality variable in size and coloration. It is very common on even now looks as a possible site for this rather stumps and roots of conifers but less frequently on rare agaric. It is also poorly know in Britain with logs; it is widespread on a range of conifers in many records referring to the more recently plantations and woodlands even on heathland where described C. amoenolens P.D. Orton, apparently a it has been associated with Pteridium stools. more southern species. C. glaucopus is recorded Occasionally it can be found on worked wood. It is for Scotland by R&A but with no comment but the equally common throughout the British Isles. true C. galucopus has very recently been found Molecular techniques have demonstrated that this under Picea in Glen Dochart. species comes within the Amanitaceae consortium, C. (Telamonia) hinnuleus (Sow.) Fr. As Agaricus although field characters would not indicate this sowerbei Klotzsch, hinnuleus Sow. 173, Garscube, rather unusual placement, something never even October 1830, nec Ag. gentilis Fr., viz. Not Cortinarius hinted at in classical field manuals, unlike many of gentilis Fr. the more recent changes seen in agaric systematics. The material consists of a halved fb. & section. This is The only major character, which hints at a possible placed incorrectly under C. gentilis in the Edinburgh relationship, is the presence of enormous collections and is the basis of a new species Klotzsch cheilocystidia wished to recognize. His proposed name, Agaricus sowerbeii, based on Agaricus hinnuleus as conceived by Sowerby (Engl. Fung 2 pg. 173, 1798), was never published. It will not be possible to explain the full The material consists of 2 collections one signed and reasons why Klotzsch felt it necessary to make a new with the label on the packet cut from the specimen name as Sowerby’s Ag. hinnuleus is used to this day sheet. The signed material consists of a single for what is a rather morphologically variable web- immature fb., 3 halved fbs. & 2 sections. The second cap. It is recognised by the widely spaced gills and collection has 3 halved larger fbs., an immature fb. & the strong smell of potatoes. This species is not 2 sections. This was presumably collected on one of uncommon in Scotland where it grows with frondose Klotzsch’s trips to Kinnordy. The second collection is trees and might well be expected at Garscube. This labelled in much bolder script but probably by the species is widespread and fairly common throughout same hand. This taxon is neither in Berkeley (1836) the British Isles. nor Stevenson (1879), nor does it appear in any of This is not the same as Agaricus sowerbei described the British mycological classics. It is not even listed by Berkeley (1836) for a fungus in the in Massee (1902). Indeed it is also absent from most Entolomataceae, i.e. with pink spores, now classical, modern, continental texts, except in a recognized as Entoloma incanum (Fr.) Hesler. It collection of keys and 4702 figures of European fungi suggests that, although Berkeley had the use of by Constantin & Doufour (1947). The fungus was Klotzsch’s London collections, either he was described by Persoon (1801) and appears in Fries unaware of the content of the Edinburgh materal or (Systema Mycologicum Vol. 1, 1821)), catalogued he did not know of its existence. close to C. violaceus (L.) Gray and C. traganus (Fr.) Fr. C. (Leprocybe) limonius (Fr.) Fr. As Agaricus in Tribe Inoloma: Genuini. Ricken (1914) gives the limonius, Highland wood, August 1830. only recent description of this species, which would The specimens consist of a halved fb. & section. This appear to be quite a substantial agaric; Ricken’s agaric is not uncommon in favourable sites in descriptions are very reliable and have in the past Scotland, being associated there with Pinus sylvestris, been used as the basis for new species. Because of especially in remnant Caledonian forest. It appears the latter fact, Orton (1958) included the species to be northern in distribution in the British Isles. under Cortinarius sg. Sericeocybe in his monographic Klotszch’s record appears in Stevenson (1879), with treatment of Cortinarius, Inoloma & Dermocybe; a note the specimens are in Herb.Hooker. however, he did not include it as a British species. In C. (Cortinarius) purpurascens (Fr.) Fr. As Agaricus Knudsen & Vesterholt (2012) it is keyed out in a violaceus, Highlands near Cairngorm, August 1830. position close to the C. caninus and C. anomalus There are 2 collections one collection consisting of 4 group but indicates it differs in its broadly ellipsoid sections of young and old specimens & 1 ½ fb. whilst basidispores. Apparently the Klotzsch material is the the other collection is ½ fb. & section. The only old record and its existence in the Edinburgh basidiospores measure 9-10 x 4.5 µm and are herbarium, but missing from Berkeley’s account, minutely punctate and so is not in keeping with C. strongly indicates that the latter author never saw violaceus (L.) S.F. Gray. The latter is a spectacular, the Klotzsch collection or knew of its existence. If he totally violet agaric with very distinct basidiospores had he may have considered it referred to another having a basal hilar plage. Klotzsch’s specimens have species. Without in-depth field notes it is impossible swollen stem-bases which is more in agreement with to say to what this material might refer except that C. purpuracens. It is true C. violaceus is to be found in the basidiospores are of the correct size (10.2-11 x the Highlands of Scotland even today but so is C. 6.7-7 µm) and shape (ellipsoid) and morphology purpurascens. Both species are occasional in the rest (distinctly verrucose) for Cortinarius torvus a fungus of Britain. which the authors of Funga Nordica indicate C. C. (Phlegmacium) scaurus (Fr.) Fr. As Agaricus violaceocinereus closely resembles. The former is an scaurus, nr. Glasgow, September 1830. Fr. I p. 503. associate of spruce woods whilst C. torvus is found in Two sets of specimens, one collection, which is beech woodland. The latter more likely might be signed, are found in a single labelled packet. Each expected near Kinnordy. C. torvus has a brownish collection consists of 2 halved fbs. & 4 sections. grey pileus infused when fresh with violaceus tones This is a very infrequent to rare web-cap and a prominent veil, the latter being evident in the associated with conifers and so the collections are Klotzsch material. Therefore, there is the strongest rather significant. There are only a few possibility that Klotzsch’s material from Glenhead is authenticated records for BI. in fact C. torvus, although it is true Klotzsch did It is recorded in R&A (1963) for Scotland with the recognise C. torvus as separate, judging from a comment that it had only been recorded once in collection so-named in the Fleming exsiccata. recent times. Both Berkeley (1836) and Stevenson However, Berkeley (1836) discussed the existence of (1879) refer to Klotzsch’s record. The label two different species called Ag. torvus in the British indicating ‘near Glasgow’ would certainly today Isles. C. violaceocinereus has recently now been be a highly modified site within the present city found in the Isle of Man. boundaries. Cortinarius sp. Dermocybe nov.sp Klotzsch. See Cortinarius torvus (Fr.) Fr. As Agaricus Discussion: Systematic Notes 2. violaceocinereus Pers., Glenhead, Glenisla October Hymenangium album Klotszch As Rhizopogon 1830. albus, Glasgow Bot. Garden, Found by Prof. Hooker, October1830. This collection represents the paratype (Klotzsch: I. geophylla (Fr.) P. Kummer As Agaricus Fl. Regn. Boruss 7: 229, 1839) and consists of 2 geophyllus Lamb,. Kinnordy, August 1830. sectioned specimens. This false truffle, often The specimens consist of a collection of single halved placed in Hymenogaster, is associated with fbs. & section. There is also a further unlocalised Eucalyptus and therefore undoubtedly introduced collection of 3 fbs. & 2 sections simply labelled ‘Very into the British Isles with eucalypts; Glasgow common July-October 1830’. The calligraphy on the Botanic Garden would be an ideal entry point for labels of these collections is very similar to that this fungus. Klotszch’s genus and species names which appears on other labels and indicating the have been re-introduced because of the grounds of Kinnordy Hse.; the location of the two distinctiveness of the fungus, something Klotszch collections may well be the same. As elsewhere in recognized all those years ago. This fungus has Britain, it is a very common and widespread fibrecap also received the superfluous name in Scotland and is generally associated with frondose Hymenogaster klotzschii Tul., apparently trees, frequently occurring in small clusters of unaware of Klotzsch’s publication. It has not been basidiomes, especially under Fagus. The 1830 seen at the Glasgow site again, although it has collections agree with the type variety. been collected with eucalypts in gardens Inocybe sg. Inocybe as Agaricus scaber: See elsewhere in Scotland and the British Isles BI. It Discussion: Systematic Notes 5 below. has been re-collected in the Botanic Gardens at Cyphellaceae Kew. Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers.) Pouzar As Interestingly Berkeley (1836) gave the name Thelephora purpureum β lilacina Pers. on birch trunk, ‘albus’ to this false truffle following the name Oct 1830. No loc. adopted first by Klotzsch as indicated above and The material consists of 2 fbs. annotated ‘Pers. Mycol. which he changed 3 years after Berkeley’s & fig. near bottom’. publication. Klotszch considered his Glasgow This fungus is the cause of Silver Leaf disease of fruit specimens to agree with material found in the trees, although it is also common as a saprotroph on Botanic Garden at Grunewald near Berlin. trunks and branches of a whole range of frondose Apparently the Grunewald material has been lost, trees; it is especially frequent on cut ends of logs of possibly because of Allied action during the World Fagus. This crust fungus is common and widespread War II. Although this false truffle has been found in Scotland as it is throughout Britain. extensively in W. Europe and North America it Cyphellopsidaceae apparently is an Australian fungus and has been Merismoides anomalus (Pers.) Singer As Peziza introduced to all these countries along with its ocracea, on willow, March 1831. No.loc. putative mycorrhizal eucalyptus hosts. This As the material is named Peziza it was found residing species has been found in the wild in southern amongst the ascomycetous disc-fungi in the Queensland and in Victoria, Australia in recent herbarium of the Royal Botanic garden, Edinburgh. years. A re-description of Klotzsch’s material This ‘reduced’ agaric is widespread and relatively accompanied by line drawings of the significant common in Scotland, often being found on the cut features is supplied by Pegler et al (1993). ends of large, decorticated logs, especially of Fagus Crepidotaceae as the 6 pieces of wood in the collection clearly Crepidotus mollis (Schaeff.) Staude As Agaricus indicate. The specimens are labelled ‘ocracea’, which mollis Schaeff., Sowerb., Dougalston, October 1830. should refer to an often synonymised, closely related The material consists of 5 flattened fbs. This species form where a subiculum is absent and the is common and widespread in Scotland, especially on basidiomes grow singly of in pairs. The features of branches, trunks and logs of Fraxinus. It is equally as Klotzsch’s collections, however, indicate typical M. common and widespread elsewhere in Britain. anomala and not ‘ochracea’ which was kept separate Inocybe cincinnata (Fr.) Quél. As Agaricus by Fries (1821). Peziza ochracea was placed in Peziza relicinus. See Discussion: Systematic Notes 3 below. tribe Solenia whereas ‘anomala’ was placed under I. fraudans (Britzelmayr) Sacc. See Discussion: Peziza (Tapesia) poriaeformis a few pages further in Systematic Notes 4 below. Fries (Systema Mycol. 2; pg. 107, 1821). The former I. lanuginosa (Bull.) P. Kummer As Agaricus has been recently rediscovered in West Lothian. lanuginosus Bull. Fr I,, p. 257, nr. Glasgow, October Favolaschiaceae 1830. Mycena sanguinolenta (A. & S.) P. Kummer As The material consists of 2 halved fbs. & 2 sections Agaricus Adonis Bull., Kirriemuir, October 1830. distributed on 2 cards. This fibrecap is common and See Discussion: Systematic Notes 5 below. widespread in Scotland in both frondose and Panellus stipticus (Bull.: Fr.) P. Karst. As Agaricus coniferous woods, particularly plantations. The stipticus Bull., on trunks, March 1831. No loc. classical interpretation is now known to cover a The material consists of 2 collections both signed by complex of species to which Klotzsch’s material Klotszch, each of 7 complete fbs. This oysterling is agrees with the above taxon. It is frequent and occasional but widespread in Scotland growing on widsepread in the British Isles. See under Cortinarius dead wood or associated with old tree wounds of a scaurus for discussion on locatlity. variety of frondose trees but not of conifers. It is suggests he was recognizing differences between equally common and widespread in the British Isles. collections. It is not possible to recognize either what P. mitis (Pers.: Fr.) Singer As Agaricus mitis Pers. has been called L. tetraspora var. scotica Sing.and L. On pine and larch. Pinus laricio, October-November. laccata var. anglica Sing. (Singer, 1967), two items No loc. considered synonyms of L. laccata by the Check List The material made up of 2 collections, only one authors (Legon & Henrici, 2005). One collection must signed, consists each of 4 fbs. One mount is dated be referred to L. proxima because of the ovoid shaped ‘October 1830’ and the other ‘November 1830’. It is basidiospores typical of that species. L. laccata is still frequent and widespread in Scotland on conifer very common in Scotland as it was in Klotzsch’s time brashings often late in the season, especially in and shows equally wide morphological amplitude. It plantations with hosts ranging from Larix and Pinus is found in a whole range of plant communities and to Picea debris. It is common and widespread in it is as common elsewhere in Britain. It is often a Brtain. pioneer fungus in nurseries and in plantations but it Xeromphalina campanella (Batsch: Fr.) Kühner is also found with ectomycorrhizal arctic-alpine & Romagn. As Agaricus campanellus Batsch., plants. Highland woods, August 1830, on soil in trunk of pine. L. proxima (Boud.) Pat. Part of one of the No loc. collections cited above includes fb’s. with ellipsoid One collection is signed and consists of several fbs. basidiospores belonging to this species. There is a fb. whereas a second collection is almost destroyed by of large size and roughened stem both of which also ravages from invertrebrates. The material could well point to this species but basidiospores were not have been collected whilst at Aviemore where this found. This species differs from L. laccata in the species is frequent. It is occasional in Scotland but ellipsoid spores, raphanoid odour and the rather widespread and frequent in the right habitat, such as scurfy cap and stipe. It is equally as common as L. remnant Caledonian forest, where it can form huge laccata, in Scotland as in the British Isles, especially troops on stumps of Pinus sylvestris. It is noted in in plantations. R&A and is rather rare elsewhere in Britain, Hygrophoraceae especially in the southern counties. Hygrocybe cantharellus (Schwein.) Murrill As Entolomataceae Agaricus cantharellus, August–October. 1830. No loc. There are no members of this family in the Edinbugh Material consists of 2 fbs. & 2 sections. This species Herbarium but Scottish material has been found prefers rather acidic, wet soils especially on heaths amongst the specimens in the Fleming collections; and moorland. It is widespread and quite common in see Watling, 2014. Scotland in favoured habitats from Shetland to the Hydnangiaceae Borders. It is apparently only occasional elsewhere Laccaria laccata (Scop.) Cooke As Agaricus laccatus in the British Isles. . No loc. No date. H. chlorophana (Fr.) Wünsche As Agaricus There are 3 collections two labelled ‘very common ceraceus Wallr. In pasture, rare, September 1830. No fungus Oct. 1830’, whilst the third collection only as loc. ‘common’. Collection 1 consisting of 3 sections & 2 This unsigned collection consists of a section & halved fbs. includes one fb. which is 2 ½ times larger halved fb., which from the size and general structure than the others and with a roughened stipe. Typical, suggests that this material should be referred to globose basidispores of L. laccata have been found in Hygrocybe chlorophana not H. ceracea. Both it and H. the smaller specimens of this collection but the large ceracea are widespread and frequent not only in fb. possessing the roughened stipe would indicate L. natural grasslands but in garden lawns from proxima; sadly no spores could be retrieved. The Shetland to the Borders. They often grow intermixed. second collection consists of 1/2 fb. & 3 sections and This makes Klotzsch’s statement ‘rare’ rather has the characteristic globose basidiospores of L. obscure: Berkeley (1836) did not pick this laccata. It looks as if these are mixed collections and discrepancy up and considered H. ceraceus to be not may even be from different sites judging from the uncommon. There is little surprise that another size and dimensions of the basidiomes in each similarly coloured Hygrocybe was mistaken for package. The third collection is labelled ‘Agaricus ‘ceracea’ as H. chlorophanus was not then recognized laccatus f. Scop. Common fungus, October 1830’ and as a separate entitiy, or perhaps Klotzsch recognized consists of 2 sections & 1 halved fb. Unfortunately a rarer element within what he had collected the material is in such bad condition that the elsewhere as H. ceraceus. Both species are common characteristic basidiospores have not even been in Britain. There is considerable interest at the located in some specimens, but spores of both L. moment in the molecular signatures of wax-caps and laccata and L. proxima have been located in other studies indicate that more species are present than specimens. In the sense of classical authors Ag. indicated by purely morphological characters; it is laccatus was first placed in the genus Clitocybe and impossible to know to what cryptic taxa Klotszch’s subsequently Laccaria in 1884, based on the thick, material refers. hoary surfaced, rather waxy gills. With Klotzsch H. coccinea (Schaeff.) P. Kummer As Agaricus inserting ‘f’ before one of the collections it really coccineus, in grasslands, August–October. No loc. The material consists of half a fb. & 3 sections. This is Hygrophorus eburneus (Bull.) Fr. As Agaricus a fairly common wax-cap thoughout the British Isles eburneus Fr.. I p 33 , cossus Sowerby: Castle Semple, but is particularly common in unimproved grassland October1830. in Scotland. The material consists of a section & halved fb. This H. conica (Schaeff.) P. Kummer As Agaricus conicus is a very uncommon wax-cap in Scotland, usually Scop. Common, August-October 1830. No loc. associated with Fagus but is also found associated The collection consists of 2 sections & 2 halved fbs. with Quercus, both possible hosts at Castle Semple. This is a common and widespread wax-cap occurring H. eburneus in the past in Britain has been in grasslands in addition to frequenting clearings in generally misidentified as H. cossus (Sowerby) Fr. and at margins of woodland. Morphologically this In Sowerby’s original sense it is the same as the species is rather variable in pigmentation of the fb., fairly recently described H. quercetorum with some colour forms being given separate status. P.D.Orton (Orton, 1994 (= H. eburneus var. More recently molecular studies have demonstrated quercetorum (P.D.Orton) Arnolds), from Devon, that there are in fact several distinct species within which is associated with Quercus and introduced the H. conica complex in Britain. The Klotzsch in part because of the confusion in the use of the material is so old that DNA would not satisfactorily classical epithets. The existence of two distinct be extracted but morphologically the specimens entities has been confirmed by molecular studies. agree with the present interpretation of the Klotzsch’s collection very probably refers to morphotype variety undoubtedly the commonest Orton’s taxon. The true H. cossus is a more variety found in Scotland. southern species in Britain. It is interesting to H miniata As Agaricus miniatus Fries In the read the comments by Berkeley (1836) where he Highlands, July and August 1830. also discussed the confusion between H. eburneus Material consists minimally localised and unsigned and H. cossus. cluster of sections & half fbs. It occurs in grassland H. hypothejus (Fr.) Fr. As Agaricus hypothejus, and in grassy margins of copses and woodland. This Kirriemuir, October 1830. taxon was redescribed as Hygrophorus strangulatus The unsigned material consists of 3 sections plus 2 & P.D.Orton from material found in Surrey, UK (Orton, 1 halved fbs., respectively. This is a common wax-cap 1960), because of confusion with the identity of the in both conifer plantations and native Scots pine classical name ‘miniatus’. This species is forest. It is widespread in Scotland and common in characterised by the colours and constricted Britain where it is known as ‘The Herald of Winter’. basidiospores. It is widespread and not uncommon Lichenomphalia umbellifera (L.: Fr.) Redhead et ranging from Shetland to the Borders. It may be more al. As Agaricus montanus Klotzsch. On the highest local but equally common in other parts of the British mountains of Scotland, May-October. Isles. The 2 collections labelled Agaricus montosus Kl. H. pratensis (Pers.) Murrill As Agaricus pratensis agree with what Moser (1967) and the present Pers. In grasslands, August–October 1830. No loc. author have called Omphalina pseudoandrosacea Material consists of 2 sections & 2 halved fbs.; one (Bull.) Moser, a pale-coloured, lichenized relative collection is signed. This is an exceptionally common of the Heath Navel (Omphalia umbellifera = and widespread grassland wax-cap with many Lichenomphalia) found in the mountains. Orton records ranging from Shetland to the Scottish (1984) realised that the original Borders; it is often collected for food. It is very ‘pseudoandrosacea’ was a different fungus and so common throughout Britain. introduced Omphalina fulvopallens for this taxon. H. psittacina (Schaeff.) P. Kummer As Agaricus This fungus is now synonimised with the Heath psittacinus Schaeff. In grassland, September-October navel, which is found ranging from lowland 1830. No loc. heaths to more montane habitats and woodlands, The material consists of a single halved fb., typical of where it can be found even on old stumps. If they the species. As understood by field mycologists this are truely the same then O. pseudoandrosacea is a common and variably coloured wax-cap found in might represent one of the parthenogenic forms of both grassland and at the margins of woods ranging L. umbellifera noted by Watling (1989). The from Shetland to the Borders; it is also found in habitat and range of dates given by Klotszch for parkland. Molecular studies have demonstrated his species is in keeping with the records of O. recently that there are more than one species pseudoandrosacea, fruiting from when the snows identified under this name. The the old sense it is retreat from the Scottish Mountains until the common throughout BI. return of the snow with the first flurries. Klotszch, H. virginea (Wulfen) Orton & Watling As Agaricus who would have surely known what to him would virgineus Wulf. In grasslands, October 1830. have been Agaricus umbelliferus’ obviously also 2 collections one unlocalised and one signed recognized a distinct entity in the Scottish respectively consisit of 2 sections & 1 & 2 halved fbs. mountains. Lichenomphalia umbellifera is It is a widespread wax-cap, often accompanying H. possibly more wildly known as Omphalia pratensis (q.v.) in similar grassland localities but no ericetorum (Fr.: Fr.) M. Lange. where as common. It is equally widespread in the British Isles. Macrocystidiaceae script. Both collections consist of several fbs., 12 fb. Macrocystidia cucumis Pers.: Fr.) Joss. As Agaricus in the first collection and 2 sections and 14 fbs. in the cucumis Pers. Sowerb. t. 344 cucumber scented agaric, second collection and a single stipe. This species is Kirriemuir, October 1830. very common and is found in clusters, which often The material consists of a single fb. & 3 sections plus form huge troops, and sometimes rings. It is to be 1 pileus to show the gills. This is a frequent and found in both conifer and frondose woodland and is widespread but probably overlooked agaric because especially associated with Fagus. It often appears of its dark colours, which blend in with the habitat; it relatively early in the summer. It is common is characterised by the strong smell of cucumber or throughout Britain and was formerly placed in potted shell-fish as Klotzsch rightly noted. Under the Collybia. microscope it can be distinguished by the large G. dryophilus (Bull.: Fr.) Murrill As Agaricus cystidia, hence the generic name. It is found amongst dryophilus Bull., Common, July-September 1830. No woody debris in disturbed Fagus woodland but it is loc. The labels accompanying this material are becoming more common in parks and gardens now typical for Klotzsch and one collection is signed. The that wood-chips have been universally used for 2 collections each consist of 2 fbs. & section. It is a mulching. It is occasional but widespread in Britain very common and widespread fungus in Scotland but and apparently expamdimg its distribution in recent is very variable and often confused with related taxa. years. It ranges from woodlands to heathlands as well as Marasmiaceae grassy glades. It is common throughout the British Marasmius oreades (Bolt.: Fr.) Fr. As Agaricus Isles. It was previously placed in Collybia. oreades Bolt., near Kinnordy, September 1830. G. fusipes (Bull.: Fr.) S. F. Gray As Agaricus fusipes The material consists of numerous half fbs. & Fr. I p 120, Kinnordy, August 1830. sections. This fungus is very common and The material is made up of 2 halved fbs. & section. widespread in parks, along the margins of tracks and This species is occasional in Scotland but widespread roads, and in gardens and grassy areas in sand- and always associated with stumps of Quercus. It is a dunes. It often forms rings hence being called the good indicator of ancient oak woodland. This agaric Fairy Ring Champignon. It is common and is occasional in Britain, although apparerntly widespread throughout Britain. becoming more common in the south. It was M. rotula (Scop.: Fr.) Fr. As Agaricus rotula Scop. previously placed in Collybia. Common. No loc. G. ocior (Pers.: Fr.) Antonin & Noordeloos As The material is unsigned but the writing on the label Agaricus xanthopus Fr. p. 124, under pines, Kirriemuir, is in keeping with Klotszch’s hand. It consists of a July 1830. cluster of small fbs. & a single larger stipe. This The material consists of ½ fb. & single section. This fungus is called the Collared Parachute and is found species is not often recorded in Scotland but is in woodland copses and hedgerows, often growing in widespread and has undoubtedly been confused in small tufts on a range of woody debris, especially the past with the commoner G. dryophilus q.v. It is Fagus; it is also known on Tilia. It is common and fairly frequent in the British Isles. Ag, xanthopus, the widespread in Scotland as throughout the British name used by Klotzsch, is an accepted synonym and Isles. it is interesting to note that he thought it necessary Gymnopus androsaceus (L.: Fr.) L. Mata & R. H. (or interesting?) by making a comment, which is Petersen As Agaricus androsaceus, July-October sadly indecipherable. The occurrence in pine-woods 1830. No loc. but label typical. is less characteristic. The material consists of a cluster of fbs. & single fb. G. peronatus (Bolt.: Fr.) S. F. Gray As Agaricus on Fagus leaf! This is an interesting collection as this peronatus Bolt., near Glasgow, June to October 1830. species is more common and widespread on conifer This collection is labelled with a different script as needles and debris of ericaceous plants and is found seen in the material of G. confluens but it is signed by much less frequently on frondose material. However, Klotzsch. The material consists of 2 fbs. & 2 sections. we do not know where the beech leaf was found as it It is common and widespread in frondose could have been in a mixed heap of leaves, which woodlands; although ii is less frequently found included conifers typical of many of the sites visited under conifers. It is common throughout British by Klotzsch; certainly the leaf on which the cluster Isles, with the neotype designated from Yorkshire, was growing shows a white-rot and is attached to England being deposited in the Edinburgh moss. G. androsaceus is more familiarly known in Herbarium. A second collection in Edinburgh and Marasmius and is known to be the causal organism renamed Cortinarius cumatilis has the same involved in the die-back of Calluna in Scotland. It is labelling; the latter identification is clearly incorrect. common and widespread throughout British Isles. This species is placed in Marasmius in classic G. confluens (Pers.: Fr.) Antonin et al. As Agaricus literature but was then transferred to Collybia and confluens, Kinnordy, September 1830. now it is placed in Gymnopus. Discussion on the The material consists of 2 collections, one signed and locality has been considered under Cortinarius the other labelled ‘In the Grounds of Charles Lyell Esq, scaurus (qv.). Kinnordy, September 1830’ in a slightly more distinct Rhodocollybia butyracea (Bull.: Fr.) Lennox As Agaricus compressus, Kirriemuir, October 1839. The material consists of a ½ pileus, a section & a There are 3 collections one of which is labelled ‘f. single fb. The epithet used for this collection has long Abietis’. One collection is augmented with Collybia in been lost from the literature. Berkeley (1836) brackets, the material of which consists of 2 fbs., the discusses this species under his entry for Ag. other 2 collections consist of 1 fb. each. butyraceus but then comments that Sowerby’s plate These collections are apparently of the true S. looking as if it should apply to Hygrophorus ovinus (= esculentus growing on Abies and Picea cones and a Hygrocybe ovina (Bull.) Kühn.) . Our material does collection in the herbarium of the Royal Botanic not belong to the latter species and therefore Gardens, Kew indicates their holding was made at Klotszch had not followed in Sowerby’s steps, if Castle Semple. Material as Agaricus esculentus also Berkeley was correct. The dextrinoid spores, gill- from Castle Semple and dated March 1831 has been attachment etc. are characteristic of R. butyracea. It located in the Fleming collections and may be a is impossible to say whether Klotszch’s collection duplicate of the present material; also in the Fleming belongs to var. asema or var. butyracea, but both Herbarium is a collection on Abies. It seems possible varieties are common and widespread in Scotland, as that the Edinburgh material as the Glasgow and Kew they are throughout the British Isles. Probably var. material were all collected at Castle Semple. The asema is the commoner of the two in Scotland. more common taxa in Scotland are S. stephaocystis Omphalotaceae (Hora) Singer and S. tenacellus (Pers.: Fr.) Singer, Infundibulicybe costata (Kühn. & Romagn.) both of which grow on pine cones. Knowing the sites Harmaja As Agaricus gibba β β fuligineus.See which Klotzsch visited, including Castle Semple, Discussion: Systematic Notes 6 below. there is no doubt that he was collecting in an estate Physalacriaceae with an exotic arboretum. Klotzsch’s identified Armillaria mellea (Vahl: Fr.) P. Kummer As Sowerby’s material of Agaricus spinipes Sow. as this Agaricus melleus Vahl, Kinnordy, August 1831. species; his redetermination has been confirmed; see The material consists of 2 sections & a halved fb. A. Berkeley, 1836). A further Klotzsch collection but mellea is a complex of species hidden under a single sadly unlocalised, also in the Kew Herbarium and epithet and the individual taxa only separated by labelled Agaricus esculentus is in fact Baeospora recent studies in mating patterns and micro- myosura (Fr.) Singer. This species usually occurs on anatomical analysis. The true A .mellea in Scotland is pine-cones or conifer litter but has been found with usually found associated with Quercus of which there other conifer hosts. See Reid (1974). are many specimen trees at Kinnordy. The Hymenipellis radicata (Rehlan: Fr.) R.H. Petersen commonest member of this group is A. gallica As Agaricus radicatus Rehl., Kinnordy, August 1830. Marxüller & Romagn., which is found in gardens, The material consists of a section & halved fb. and parks etc., but Klotzsch’s specimens do not represent although not signed the label is characteristic of this species judging from the elongated and non- those prepared by Klotzsch. This agaric is very bulbous stipe. These are characteristic of A. mellea common and widespread in woodlands, copses and sensu stricto. A. mellea is relatively common and hedgerows usually attached by a long pseudorhiza widespread in the British Isles but its true to buried wood or arising from old roots of Fagus, distribution has been clouded in confusion with at hence the common name Rooting Shank. It is least 3 other, equally widespread, species being common and equally as widespread in Scotland as it identified as A. mellea. The species in its strict sense is in the rest of the British Isles. It was formerly is less common in Scotland and although found in the placed in Xerula. east has generally a more western distribution in Pleurotaceae remnant oak forests. Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kummer As Flammulina velutipes (Curt.: Fr.) P. Karst. As Agaricus ostreatus Jacq., Dougalston, November 1831 Agaricus velutipes Curt., August-Feb. No loc. and as Ag. ostreatus near Loch Laggan. The exsiccata consists of 2 collections only one The material from Dougalston consists of 2 signed but both consisting of 2 halved fbs. & section. collections each of a section and 3 flattened fbs. The The second collection is annotated with an Loch Laggan material consists of a section, 2 indecipherable word, possibly indicating the habitat. flattened pilei & a complete fb. Also amongst the This fungus is called the Velvet Shank and is common Klotzsch collections are 2 further collections labelled and widespread in Scotland, often occurring during Ag. salignus ‘on alder, near Dougalston, October 1830’, the winter months. It grows on dead and dying consisting each of a flattened fb., an immature fb. & a branches of a range of arborescent to shrubby woody section. One collection of Ag. salignus is signed by substrates including Ulex, Sarathamnus etc., but Klotszch and both differ in their handwriting, which recent molecular studues indicate that there are may indicate it is of different origin. Pleurotus several closely related taxa involved some of which salignus (Pers.) P. Kummer is considered to be the are host specific. It is very common and widespread same as P. ostreatus, although originally thought by in the British Isles. classical authors to be different in having a paler Strobilurus esculentus (Wulfen: Fr.) Singer As pileus; cultural work has demonstrated that this Agaricus esculentus Wulf, October-April, No loc. difference is not significant. The fungus is called the Oyster mushroom and is very common and widespread on trunks and stumps of a whole range Squamanitaceae of frondose trees even on living trees. It occurs Cystoderma jasonis var. lilacipes (Harmaja) I. almost throughout the year when favourable Sarr As Agaricus granulosus var. incarnatus, temperatures persist. Pleurotus salignus is said to be Kirriemuir, October 1830. more frequent on alders and willows, this noted by The Klotzsch material consists of 2 collections of 2 Klotszch. P. ostreatus is very common and halved fbs. & 2 sections but only one collection is widespread throughout the British Isles. signed. The var. incarnatus has not been found in Psathyrellaceae the literature and might have been a Klotzsch Lacrymaria lacymabunda (Bull.: Fr.) Pat. As Ag. provisional name, although it is not indicated as tabularis Klotszch, Botanic Garden, July-October such. In Berkeley (1836) it was noted that a 1830. distinct flesh coloured ‘form’ had been found in Undoubtedly the locality of this record refers to the Scotland by Klotzsch. This statement must refer to Glasgow Botanic Garden at Sandyford and the these collections. From the colour indicated these exsiccata consists of 2 collections, one of 3 sections & collections might be thought attributable to halved fb. and the other collection of 3 halved fbs. & Cystodermella cinnabarina (A. & S.) Harmaja, but section. Klotzsch’s Ag. tabularis species was never that species has non-amyloid spores in contrast to published but should not be confused with the C. jasonis; Klotzsch’s material has this distinctive cortinariariod Ag. tabularis introduced by Fr. (1838), feature. C. jasonis is not uncommon particularly at which refers to a species of Cortinarius formerly the edges of woodland but the var. lilacipes has called Ag. anomalus g tabularis Fr. Klotszch been only once previously recorded from Scotland introduced in 1830 Agaricus (Psilocybe) areolata, (L. Holden, Balmoral, Loch Muick, 29 x 1999, in also found in the Botanic Garden, with type material Edinburgh). It is equally uncommon throughout deposited in the herbarium at Kew (see R&A, 1963). Europe. Clearly Klotzsch recognized the This is also, L. lacrymabunda. This latter species, differences from Ag. granulosus in colour of the however, was upheld by Berkeley (1836). The fruit-body (q.v). habitat and the wide range of dates given for these Cystodermella granulosum (Batsch: Fr.) Harmaja collections are in keeping with the present species, As Agaricus granulosus. In woodland, September- which is probably better more widespreadly known November 1830. No loc. as L.velutina (Pers.) Maire. It is surprising that 2 collections, neither with localities nor signed, Klotzsch considered both his Ag. tabularis and Ag. constitute the material; the labels are written in the areolatus to be sufficently different from Ag. characteristic handwriting of Klotzsch. One velutinus to warrant new names as surely the text of collection is simply annotated ‘in woodland Persoon (1801) was available to Klotzsch. The uncommon’ and consists of 4 halved fbs. & a section ornamented basidiospores found in both collections whereas the other collection is of 2 halved fbs. & 2 are indicative of this psathyrelloid agaric and unite a sections. This species is occasional and widspread in very variable taxon. Klotzsch’s hesitation to attach woodland clearings and in hill pasture and Persoon’s epithet to his specimens may indicate that heathland. It is infrequent in Scotland and occasional he was dealing with the very closely related in southern BI. L.glareosa (Favre) Watl., which occurs in rubble sites Strophariaceae and roadsides as well as edges of morainic material Gymnopilus junonius (Fr.) P. D. Orton As Agaricus in montane sites. The small size of the fbs. in the aureus Mattusch, Dougalston, October. 1830. exsiccata may support this but the basidiospores do The 2 collections are both incorrectly identified and not show major differences. L. lacrymabunda is very only one is signed. The material in each collection common in Scotland and widespread frequenting consists of a halved fb. & a section. The epithet disturbed sites in woodlands, gardens and parks. It is ‘aureus’ should refer to Phaeolepiota aurea (Matt.: also common and widespread throughout the British Fr.) Konrad & Maublanc, which is a widespread, Isles. See also Discussion: Systematic Notes 7 below. spectacular, terricolous agaric, usually found in Psathyrella candolleanum (Fr.: Fr.) Maire As woodlands and hedgerows in disturbed areas, such Agaricus candolleanus Fr., Botanic Garden, Glasgow, as piles of leaf mould. However, there was a long September 1830. tradition in Britain to use the name ‘aureus’ for what The material consists of 2 halved fbs. & sections from was Gymnopilus spectabilis (Weinem.: Fr.) A.H. Smith the Glasgow Botanic Garden. This is a common, very (= junonius), an equally spectacular and widespread variable and widespread agaric in Scotland but in the fungus growing on wood. It also possesses a distinct past it has been confused with several other distinct ring but differs in its rich sienna coloured spore- taxa within Psathyrella; see van Wavaren, 1985. mass and strongly ornamented spores. The Generally it grows on soil and amongst leaf-litter in specimens in Klotzsch’s herbarium had obviously woodlands, parks and even gardens in Scotland. It is been growing on wood judging from the tapered common and widespread throughout the British base to the stipes. Both species are infrequent, Isles. although widespread in Scotland. The latter is common in the British Isles and the former occasional. Reid (1969) has discussed the confusion distribution is apparently expanding, possibly over the use of these names. because of the gradual maturation of many Hypholoma fasciculare (Huds.) P. Kummer As plantation trees. Agaricus fasicularis, October 1830, common. No loc. Stropharia aeruginea (Curt.) Quél. As Ag. The 2 collections are each made up of 2 halved fbs. & aerugineus Curt., common in woods, October 1830. 2 sections, with one of the collections signed by No. loc. Klotzsch. This is an extremely common and The material consists of 2 collections but only one is widespread fungus growing on a range of woody signed; the latter signed material consists of 2 halved substrates, throughout much of the year in Britain, fbs. & a section whilst the second collection of 3 fbs. including Scotland. From the colour of the fb. it is & single section. This species is common and known as the‘Sulphur Tuft’. widespread in hedgerows and copses and clearings H. lateritium (Schaeff.) P. Kummer As Agaricus in woodland; it is often found in parks and gardens. lateritius, October-November. 1830. No loc. It is occasional but widespread in the British Isles, The material consists of 2 halved fbs. & 2 sections. although many records for Scotland and the rest of This species is infrequent but widespread in Brtian probably refer to the closely related S. cyanea Scotland on decayed wood, especially of Quercus. It (Bull.) Tuom. The cystidia reclaimed from the is occasional and widespread in the British Isles Klotzsch specimens confirm the material is S. where it is also recorded occasionally on conifer aeruginosa. wood. It is better known as H. sublateritium (Fr.) Typhulaceae Quél. Agaricus lateritius Fr. in Fries (1821) is placed Arrhenia latispora (J. Favre) Bon & Courtec. As next to Ag. lacrymabundus, a name also used by Agaricus tremula, on soil, Highlands, July 1830. No loc. Klotszch. See also Discussion: Systematic Notes 7 These small fbs. were collected by Dr Hooker and is below. undoubtedly the same record appearing in Hypholoma marginatum (Pers.) J. Schaeff. As Ag. Stevenson (1879) for Moray; It was later collected by facsicularis var. marginalis, on larch debris, distinct, Rev. Keith from Aviemore, a collection also noted in Blantyre, October 1830. Stevenson. We know from other collections that The material consists of 2 halved fbs. & section. This Klotzsch visited this area with Hooker. The fungus is a rather interesting varietal name adopted by has been interpreted by different British authors as Klotzsch for a common and widespread fungus Pleurotus tremulus (Schaeff.) P. Kummer and P. resembling H. fasciculare (Huds.) P. Kummer q.v., but acerosus (Fr.) Quél., although these two species growing dispersed on gymnosperm debris. In grade into one another. The present material differs Scotland it is found on conifer trash especially beds distinctly in the basidiospore shape. Although this of needles and on small twigs. In no way can it be oysterling is not common it is widespread in considered a variety of H. fasciculare. It is common Scotland and probably under-recorded because of and widespread in the British Isles. the basidiome’s cryptic colouration. It occurs on Kuehneromyces mutabilis (Schaeff.) Singer As banks amongst bryophytes in woodland and Agaricus mutabilis, on birch trees near Loch Liach, heathland. It is apparently widespread in the British common, August 1830. Isles. The material consists of 2 halved fbs., a small fb. & 2 Tricholomataceae sections; the locality and host indicated on the label Clitocybe phyllophila Pers.) P. Kummer As are very clear. This agaric is very common and Agaricus phyllophilus Pers., Kinnordy, September widespread in Scotland, especially on trunks, stumps 1830. and limbs of Betula, a host indicated in Klotzsch’s There are 2 collections with one annotated ‘in sylvis notes. It is also very common and widespread mixtis’. Each collection consists of several fbs., halved throughout the British Isles. and sectioned, and one signed by Klotzsch. It is an Pholiota astragalina (Fr.) Singer As Agaricus occasional funnel-cap in Scotland occurring in lacrymabundus, Botanic Garden, September 1830. woodland, copses and hedgerows but it is often Undoubtedly collected in the Glasgow Botanic misidentified and confused with other closely Garden; see Discussion: Systematic Notes 7 below. related species of Clitocybe; there are several P. flammans (Batsch) P. Kummer As Agaricus epithets under which it is recorded in Scotland. This flammans Batsch, on pine trunk, August-October species is occasional and widespread in Britain. 1830. No loc. C. nebularis (Batsch) P. Kummer As Agaricus There are 2 unlocalised collections in the Klotzsch nebularis Batsch, Dougalston, Garscube, Oct. 1830. herbarium, one signed collection consisting of 2 The material consists of a single, halved specimen. halved fbs. & 2 sections all badly damaged and a This funnel cap is common and widspread in second collection of 3 halved fbs. & 2 sections. It is a woodland and copses, often forming large rings of frequent and widespread species on conifer wood in fbs. It is common and widespread throughout the favourable localities in Scotland, especially in British Isles. It has also been placed in Lepista by remnants of the Caledonian forest. Originally this some authorites because of the slightly cream- species was thought to be rather more northern in coloured spore-print. The collection is apparently a distribution in Britain, as it was only occasionally mixture from two quite different sites. This practice recorded but apparently more recently its has been discussed earlier under the heading of Tremella mesenterica Retz As Tremella collecting sites as the phenomenon has been found mysenterica on woody branch, frequent Fr. I p.214, to apply to other Klotzsch material. October 1830. No loc. Clitocybe sp. Subgenus Pseudolyophyllum. As The signed collection consists of 2 very small, Agaricus camarophyllus Alb. & Schweinz.See shrivelled fbs. but lacks a location. It is of interest to Systematic Notes 8 below. note the spelling of the epithet. This is a common and Agaricus ocellatus Fr. see Discussion: Systematic widespread jelly fungus, especially on branches of Notes 9 below. Ulex europaeus in Scotland. It is thought to be Lepista flaccida (Sowerby) Pat. As Agaricus parasitic on primordial basidiomyceous crust fungi flaccidus, Common, September-October 1830. No loc. growing on the woody substrate. It is widely The material consists of 2 sections & 2 halved fbs. It distributed in Britain. is a common and widespread fungus in Scotland T. intumescens Sm. See Discussion: Systematic occurring in woodland, parks, plantations and Notes 10 below. wooded estates, often forming large troops and/or Boletales rings. It is common and widespread throughiut the Boletaceae British Isles. Boletus luridiformis Rostk. As Boletus luridus Leucopaxillus giganteus (Sibth.) Singer As Schaeff. β .erythropus, Garscube, September 1830. Agaricus giganteus, Garscube, September 1830. (Note spelling) The label is signed by Klotzsch, although the The material consists of a halved fb. & section with collection is annotated Clitocybe maxima G. & M. the label in slightly more copper-plate script. B. Agaricus (Clitocybe) giganteus Fr. in different, erythropus as interpreted by British authors has long undoubtedly later hand. In addition there are been applied to what should now be called B. specimens as Agaricus giganteus var. minus Sowerby, luridiformis Schaeff.: Fr. It is a very common bolete Garscube, September 1830. found with a range of frondose and coniferous trees The first collection consists of a single halved fb. and in Scotland as elsewhere in the British Isles. B. the latter 2 halved fbs. & 2 sections. These latter erythropus Pers. in its original sense is synonymous specimens appear to be a smaller version of the first with B. luridus Schaeff.: Fr., which is occasional but collections, possibly from the same site. This species none the less widespread in Scotland usually is occasional but widespread in woodland and in demanding rather more calcareous or base-rich open grassland often forming large rings and when soils; it differs in the presence of a distinct network in plantations causing some stunting of surrounding on the stipe. It is found associated with Quercus and trees by virtue of the vegetative state filling the air is known also to grow with Corylus and pockets in the soil. It is occasional but widespread in Helianthemum shrubs. Berkeley (1836) noted that Britain. Klotzsch had found B. luridus var. erythropus in Tricholoma terreum (Schaeff.) P. Kummer As Scotland. Agaricus myomyces Persoon p.44, Kirriemuir, October Chalciporus piperatus (Bull.: Fr.) Bataille As 1830. Boletus piperatus, nr. Fort William, August 1830 & The material consists of 2 collections each with Kinnordy, home of Charles Lyell, Sept. 1830. halved fbs. & sections and one collection signed by The Fort William material consists only of a half fb. & Klotzsch. T. myomyces (Pers.) J. E. Lange comes section whereas the Kinnordy material consists of a within the variation found in T. terreum and is halved fb. & 2 sections. It is interesting to note that in universally accepted as a synonym of T. terreum. faint pencil one can see ‘Dr. Hooker’. The label is also Moser (1978) however separates the two with T. much more clearly written and in better script as if myomyces differing in possessing evidence of a veil the collection was to be presented to someone. This on the pileus. This is not now considered significant bolete is common and widespread in Scotland. It is by most authorities. It is a widespread ‘Knight’ in generally found in association with Betula but Scotland particularly associated with planted possibly also associated with a range of frondose and conifers and ranges from sand-dune systems to occasionally coniferous trees. It is common and inland woodlands. It is equally common throughout widespread in the rest of Britain. the British Isles. Leccinum scabrum (Bull.: Fr.) S. F. Gray As Boletus T. vaccinum (Schaeff.) P. Kummer As Agaricus scaber, nr Kinnordy, Common, August 1830. vaccinus Schaeff., Kirriemuir, September-October. The material is based on 2 collections one of a halved 1830. fb. & 3 sections and the second collection of a halved There are 2 collections, one signed, consisting of 2 fb. & 2 sections. This latter collection has a pinned halved fbs. & 2 sections and the second of 1 halved label on the outside of the packet. This label can be fb. & 3 sections. It is an occasional and widespread in clearly seen as have been cut from the mount which Scotland always associated with Larix europea. It is lacks a label within. This ‘Rough stalk’ is common similarly distributed in Britain. and widespread in Scotland with Betula spp., Auriculariales although in the classic literature it has been confused Tremellaceae with several, other closely related species. It is equally common and widespread with the same hosts in Britain. Judging from the shape of some the collection in Greville’s Herbarium in Edinburgh and sections it could be that Klotzsch when indicating it from the same locality, which must be Kinnordy, was common could have included L. versipelle (Fr. & Lyell’s residence, is labelled May-August. This bolete, Hök.) Snell, within his concept of ‘scabrum’. L. ‘The Slippery Jack’, is common and widespread versipelle is probably far more common around especially associated with Pinus sylvestris; it is Kinnordy than L. scabrum. particularly common in remnant Caledonian forest, Gomphidiaceae although it is also found in conifer plantations. It is Suillus grevillei (Klotszch) Singer As Boletus common and widespread throughout the British grevellei mihi, The Highlands, May-September 1830 Isles. very common. Hygrophoropsidaceae These collections represent the type material of Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca (Wulfen: Fr.) Maire this widespread bolete; (in Linnaea 7: 198, 1832). As Cantharellus aurantiacus Wulf., Kinnordy, July The collection is composed of 2 sets of specimens 1830. the first composed of 3 half fbs. & section and the The material consists of 2 collections but only one is second collection consists of 3 half fbs. & 2 signed; the first collection consists of 2 halved fbs. & sections. The larger collection has a label in 3 sections whilst the second collection consists of a slightly different hand writing and has been halved fb. & a single section. All the specimens are chosen as paratype by Mary E. Palm (Nat. Fungus rather immature with a date of collection which collections, United States Dept. of Agriculture) and would be rather early in the season for this fungus if is from Herb. Greville. In contrast the other sort today. The unsigned collection refers to Wulfen collection must be taken as lectotype with part in (1873). This is very common and widespread in the herbarium of the Royal Botanic Garden, Kew; Scotland under frondose trees and in mixed the latter was chosen as lectotype by Palm. woodlands and on heathland. It is equally common Greville’s material was originally filed under and widespread in Britain. Boletus flavus in the herbarium in Edinburgh. The Paxillaceae specimens are glued down on the herbarium sheet Paxillus involutus (Batsch: Fr.) Fr. As Agaricus on the reverse of which in the second collection is involutus Batsch, nr. Glasgow, Novenber 1830 & the description of the new species. The material in Garscube, Douglaston, Sept.-Nov. 1830. Kew Botanical gardens was the subject of Rolf The material consists of 2 collections each made up Singer’s redisposition (Singer, 1945). Watling of a section of a young fb. and 2 halved fbs.; they have (1968) has discussed the significance and undoubtedly been assembled from two distinct sites. implications of finding the hand-written notes and The ‘Roll rim’ as this fungus is colloquially called, is the subsequent taxonomic changes; the bolete is very common and widespread in Scotland and is named in honour of the Edinburgh botanist R. K. found in a wide range of woodland types, both Greville. The fungus was incorrectly synonymised frondose and conifer, and in mixed communities. with Suillus luteus (L.) Rousell by the New Check Recently there has been some effort to separate out List authors (Dennis, Orton & Hora, 1960), a cluster of very closely related taxa differing possibly because the label indicates ’common in minimally from each other (Jarfeat, P. et al., 2014). the Highlands’. However, Klotszch had The differences found between Klotszch’s specimens distinguished between B. luteus and his new could indicate slightly different taxa are involoved species, B. grevillei, amongst his collections; but it is impossible to say to which cryptic species his Berkeley (1836) discussed Klotzsch’s reasoning; material might refer. The species complex is very see below. This species is what generations of common and widespread in the British Isles. mycologists have called Boletus flavus With. and Cantharellales figured by Schumacher (1803) as Boletus elegans, the common ‘Larch Slippery’ Jack. Klotzsch had Cantharellaceae collected this fungus at a time when larches were Cantharellus cibarius Fr. As Cantharellus cibarius, being planted in Britain, the first being at Dunkeld Common, Highlands, July-September 1830 & In in Scotland. It is a very common widespread bolete pinewoods, July 1830. throughout the British Isles where-ever Larix The 2 collections, the first signed, consist of a halved europea is grown, even if only a single isolated fb. & section and the collection from pinewoods specimen. consists of 2 ½ fbs., pileus & section. The S. luteus (L.: Fr.) Roussel As Boletus luteus Linn., ‘Chanterelle’ is common and widespread in Scotland with pine in the grounds of Charles Lyell Esq., in mixed, frondose and conifer woodlands associated September. 1830. in particular with Fagus, Pinus and Betula and is The material consists of a halved fb. & section both of collected in a semi commercial way for culinary mature and immature specimens and the label has purposes in Scotland. It is widespread in the British been cut from the mount. The writing is slightly Isles but not as common as in Scotland. different to that normally seen for Klotzsch but on Cantharellus tubaeformis (Bull.) Fr. As the back of the exsiccata are notes similar to those Cantharellus tubiformis. Kinnordy, Garscube July- found with the Boletus grevillei material q.v. A similar October 1830. There are two collections one of which is signed but Gloeophyllales both consist of 2 ½ fbs. & 2 sections. This material is Gloeophyllaceae undoubtedly a mixture as the two localities cited are Gloeophylllum sepiarium (Wulfen: Fr.) P. Karst. As not at all close, one being in Angus and the other on Lenzites abietinum, Glasgow, Klotzsch. See the outskirts of Glasgow, or perhaps Klotzsch Discussion: Systematic Notes 12. considered this species common enough for him simply to note the localites where he had found the Hymenochaetales first collection. It is common and widespread in Hymenochaetaceae frondose, mixed and conifer woodlands but perhaps Rickenella fibula (Bull.: Fr.) Raithelh. As Agaricus not as common in the rest of Brtain. fibulus Bull., near Kinnordy, August 1830. Clavulinaceae There are 2 collections but only one is signed; this Clavulina coralloides (L.) Schroet. See Discussion: latter collection consists of 2 fbs., whilst the second Systematic Notes 5. unsigned collection is composed of 4 fbs. It is a very C. rugosa (Bull.) J. Schroét. As Clavaria rugosa, common agaric found in Scotland amongst mosses in common, August–November 1830. No loc. a whole range of plant communities from hill pasture The material consists of non-localised collections and woodlands and grasslands to parkland and in consisting each of 6 fbs., the latter collection being garden lawns. The placement of this fungus in the referrable to var. alcyonaria Corner. It is a very Hymenochaetales might appear bizarre as the common club fungus, especially on soil under Fagus, fungus is agaricoid and has been variously placed in although it may be associated with other frondose agaric genera such as Omphalia and Mycena. trees; the variety is also common. It is common and Molecular studies however, indicate the true widespread throughout the British Isles. position of this fungus. It is a very common and widespread species in Britain. Hydnaceae Coltricia perennis (L.) Murrill As Polyporus Hydnum repandum L. As Hydnum repandum, perennis. Common in the Highlands, August 1830 and common, July-October 1830. No. loc. Highlands, common, August 1830. The signed exsiccata consists of 2 halved fbs. & 2 These collections, one signed, each consist of 3 fbs. sections. It is a fairly common and widespread are probably from the same locality. In Scotland this fungus in Scotland in various woodland types stipitate polypore, commonly called Tiger’s Eye, is ranging from plantations of Fagus and of conifers to occasional but widespread often preferring acidic, natural communities of Betula and Pinus sylvestris. It mineral soils especially on heathland or in conifer is common and widespread in Britain, although not plantations and sandy soils under Pinus sylvestris. It as frequently associated with conifers. A closely has also been found on well-drained soils in related and morphologically similar species has woodlands asscoiated with Fagus and sites of former recently been recognized in Scotland, H. burnt patches. It is occasional and widespread, ellipsosporum Ostrow & Beenken but Klotszch’s although locally common in BI. material agrees with the true H. repandum. A collection, which is not a Coltricia, and probably H. rufescens Pers. As Hydnum repandum, July- from the Menzies or Greville herbarium has been October. 1830. No loc. misplaced in one of the same packets in Edinburgh. The material consists of halved basidiomes and a complete long thin section of a lateral fb. This species Hyphodontaceae known as a Wood Urchin, although widespread in Basidioradulum radula (Fr.) Nobles As Radulum Scotland but it is nowhere near as common as H. orbiculare Grev. No loc. repandum, with which it has been often confused. It Although on wood the material consisting of 3 has previously been included by classical authors in fragments is not documented, although the label the variation to be expressed in the H. repandum appears to be similar to those prepared by Klotzsch. including apparently Klotzsch. Like H. repandum it This is a very variable fungus changing morphology also is found with frondose trees and sometimes as it ages and where it is situated on the substrate. under conifers. It has a similar distribution in British This variability is reflected in the fact that few crust Isles. fungi have as many synonyms, especially placements in the old classic genus Radulum. It is also known as Dacrymycetales Hyphoderma radula (Fr.) Donk. This crust fungus is Dacrymycetaceae common and widespread in Scotland on fallen and Calocera viscosa (Pers.) Fr. As Clavaria viscosa, attached branches of a range of frondose trees and Kinnordy, on rotten trunk, August 1830. shrubs. It is occasional but apparently widespread The material consists of 8 fbs., apparently rooting in elsewhere in Britain. the substrate. The material is typical of this species. Meruliales C. viscosa is common and widespread in Scotland on stumps or buried wood and rotten trunks of both Meruliaceae native and exotic coniferous trees. It is also common Byssomerulius corium (Pers.) Parmasto As and widespread in the British Isles. Merulius aurantiacus Klotzsch, on Fagus, Douglaston Pk., Glasgow in J.E.Smith 5(2) 12. This collection is considered by both J. Ginns The collection consists of a signed label for 2 fbs. It is (1976) and by Bourdot & Galzin (1928) to be an infrequent, although widespread bracket in young material of this common and widely Scotland generally with a more western distribution. distributed crust-fungus. It is particularly It always grows on fallen and attached branches of common during mild winter months and forms Betula and possibly also southern in Scotland. It is conspicuous but very variable fbs. Undoubtedly generally common and widespread elsewhere in the because of this variation this fungus has been British Isles. placed in several genera under several different Physiosporinus sanguinolentus (Alb. & Schwein.) names and it is possible that Klotzsch singled out Pilát As Merulius reticulatus Klotzsch n. sp. this particular material for recognition at specific There is no other data accompanying this rank as it possessed a prominent merulioid collection, although from similar collections in the hymenophore.The references in the classic herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew it literature to reddish hues in the hymenium and was collected in Appin by J. Carmichael. The name the etymology of the specific name (see Berkeley, was never published. This is the collection 1836) could possibly refer to an attack by the described by Berkelely (1836) as Merulius ascomycetous mycoparasite Hypomyces rosellus carmichaelianus (Grev.) Berk. and based on (Alb. & Schwein.) Tul., which is not uncommon on Polyporus carmichaelianus Grev. From an early this host. It is also a common crust-fungus date this fungus was considered even by elsewhere in the British Isles. Carmichael to be the same as ‘Polyporus Ceraceomyces crispatus (O. F. Müll.) Rauschert sanguinolentus’; see R & A. (1996). It seems likely As Xylomyyzon serpens/Merulius serpens, 1830. No that these individual exsiccata all refer to the loc. same collection from Appin but it is uncertain There is neither a precise date nor any habitat whether they might be considered to represent details accompanying this collection of a type material. This is not the same as Polyporus fragmentary resupinate fb., which was growing reticulatus Pers. See Ginns (1976). on a woody substrate, It may not be of Klotzsch In relatively recent popular literature this fungus origin and possibly from Greville’s herbarium. It is has most commonly been referred to as Poria a rare crust fungus in Scotland, usually when sanguinolenta (A & S. ex Fr.) Cooke, although found on decayed frondose wood but sometimes subsequently it has been placed in Podoporia and coniferous trees and has been recorded from the mistakingly in Rigidoporus. It is common and Tweed and Tay Watersheds in Stevenson (1879) widespread in favoured sites and often hidden under the synonym M. serpens Tode. There are two from view attached to decayed and often water- very recent Scottish collections, both made in soaked wood frequently on lower surfaces of fallen 2014, one from the Forth Watershed and the other limbs, logs and trunks. It is also found from the Tay Watershed. It is known from only a overgrowing leafy and twiggy debris and adjacent few southern sites in England and Wales. soil. It is common and widespread throughout the Phallales British Isles; see R&A and Ginns (1976). Ramariaceae Postia caesia (Schrad.) P. Karst. As Polyporus Ramaria abietina (Pers.) Quél. As Clavaria abietina caesius Schrad. On pine trunk, Common 1830. No loc. Pers., under pine, frequent, July-October 1830. No loc. The material consists of 2 fbs. It is a common and The material consists of 6 fbs. It is a common and widespread bracket fungus on conifer branches, widespread club-fungus in conifer plantations of trunks and logs in Scotland as it is elsewhere in the Picea and Pinus in Scotland, often forming huge British Isles. troops amongst the needle debris. It is less Skeletocutis amorpha (Fr.) Kotlaba & Pouzar As frequently reported, but apparently widespread Polyporus amorphous Pers., on trunk of Abies, elsewhere in Britain and often recorded as R. frequent, September 1830. ochraceovirens (Jungh.) Donk. This epithet refers to The collection consists of 2 fbs. There is also a the greening of the basidiomes when they are specimen under the name Polyporus irregularis ‘on bruised. Ramaria differs from Clavaria where this conifer trunk, Kirriemuir, Sept. 1830, Sow. t.423’; the fungus was placed by Klotzsch and other classic collector is, however, despite the date and locality authors particularly in the brownish, ornamented appears not be Klotzsch but Lester Arnott. Also there basidiospores. is a collection labelled Polyporus aureolus Pers., ‘on Abies trunk, frequent and dated Sept. 1830,’ viz. Phanerochaetales abbreviated in the same way as the above and must Phanerochaetaceae also be from Arnott. The latter bracket fungus is a Phanerochaete sanguinea (Fr.) Pouzar See synonym of S. amorphus as indicated by Berkeley Discussion: Systematic Notes 13. below. (1836) as according to Donk (1974) is Poly. Polyporales irregularis, although it was kept separate by Coriolaceae Berkeley (1836) based on a Klotzsch collection from Lenzites betulina (L.) Fr. As Daedalea betulina. On ‘the Highlands’. This last material apparently is not in birch trunk, Dougalston, October 1830. Edinburgh. This is a common and widespread bracket on fallen brash of conifers and is especially common in plantations. It is common and widspread described under several epithets, now considered throughout the British Isles. (There are more synonyms. collections of this period made by Lester Arnott, a In classic literature until relatively recently it has Fife collector in the Edinburgh herbarium but as far been known both as P. elegans Bull. and P. varius as can be ascertained they are not connected with (Pers.) Fr. The small fruiting bodies on Salix and Klotzsch). sometmes Fagus branches have in the past been Trametes ochracea (Pers.) Gilb. & Ryvarden As recognized as var. nummularis Bull. This fungus with Polyporus versicolor γ ochracea Pers,. on trunk of its wide morphological amplitude is very common Betula. No loc. & no date. and widespread throughout the British Isles. The label attached to the packet is an example of P. brumalis (Pers.) Fr. As Polyporus brumalis Pers., Klotzsch’s technique of documenting his specimens. on Fagus trunk, Dougalston, March 1831. This form of T. versicolor has been given specific The signed collection consists of 2 rather damaged rank, although there is every possibility that recent specimens. The second, unsigned collection is better collections have in the past been confused with T. in its preservation. This bracket is a common and versicolor; see below. It is a common and widespread widespread in Scotland particularly during the species of Turkey Tail in Scotland, especially on winter months although it is known on other hosts. standing or fallen birch poles. It is rarely reported It grows on dead twigs and branches of frondose from Britain but is apparently widespread throughot trees, especially birch. It is also common and the British Iisles. widespread in Britain. T. suaveolens (L.) Fr. As Polyporus suaveolens, Russulales Garscube, on rotten Salix trunk, November. 1830. Amylocorticiaceae The material consists of 2 collections, with only Irpicodon pendulus (Alb. & Schwein.) Pouzar As one signed but each of 2 fbs. This bracket grows on Hydnum pendulus, on pine wood, Castle Semple, willow and poplar branches and may even be a March 1831, Fr. 1, p.413. weak parasite. It is rather rare in Scotland with There are 2 collections in the Edinburgh only 2 recent records, one from Orkney and herbarium each of 3 complete fbs. It is a rare another from the Borders. There are also 2 early fungus throughout the British Isles and is only records for Scotland in Stevenson (1879) for the known from these Scottish collections and similar Tweed and Tay Watersheds. It is similarly collections housed in the Royal Botanic Gardens, uncommon throughout the rest of the British Isles Kew. It is now thought to be extinct in Britain. with only sites in the south; there is a single record from Cheshire. Auricscalpiaceae Trametes versicolor (L.) Pilát As Polyporus Auriscalpium vulgare S. F. Gray As Hydnum versicolor, on Alnus trunk, October 1830 & on Fagus vulgare, in pine woods, August 1830. No loc. trunk, March 1831. On birch wood, Douglaston, On the label is the same fungus name in pencil September 1831. possibly added at a later date. The collection is made Each collection consists of 2 fbs. one collection each up of a single fb. This fungus is called the ‘Ear-Pick on the different hosts. There are several collections fungus’ and is occasional and widespread in both of this fungus in the herbarium of the Royal Botanic native and plantation conifer forests in Scotland, garden, Edinburgh dating from the same period, viz although probably overlooked as the crytpic 1830s, including material from Brodie, a Scottish colouration blends into the surrounding conifer Borders collector. Colloquially called the Turkey Tail trash where it is attached to fallen pine cones. It is in Scotland it is a very common and widespread occasional but widespread and possibly locally fungus found on a whole range of frondose woods abundant in the rest of the British Isles. ranging from small branches to stumps and trunks. Bondarzewiaceae It often occurs in huge troops of imbricate brackets Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. As Polyporus and sometimes on upper surfaces as rugulose scoticus Klotzsch in Berkeley 1836. No loc. cushions. It is very much less common on conifer See Discussion: Systematic Notes 13. wood and on worked timbers. This bracket is very Peniophoraceae common and widespread in the British Isles. It has There are no Klotzsch specimens of any Peniophora been ascertained that the dried fbs. have been sold spp. in the herbarium in Edinbugh, although there is as a tonic in Scotland. Scottish material of P. quercina (Pers.) Cooke from Polyporaceae Helensburgh in the Fleming collections; see Watling, Polyporus leptocephalus (Jacq.) Fr. As Polyporus 2014. In addition there is a resupinate collection in nummularis Bull. Pers. In the Grounds of Charles Lyall the herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Esq., Kinnordy, September 1830. annotated by Klotzsch as ‘Thelephora livida’, a fungus The material consists of a single fb. It is a common which would be now placed in the genus Phlebia. and widespread stipitate bracket fungus in Scotland This is possibly the collection Berkeley described in growing on twigs and branches and even mossy 1836 and later redetermined by R&A (1964) as limbs. The fbs. of different collections exhibit an Peniophora cinerea (Pers.) Cooke. This crust-fungus amazing range of sizes, which has lead to it being is an occasional but widespread species in Scotland occurring on fallen branches of Acer pseudoplatanus and Fagus. It is said to be common and widespread Klotzsch specimens is characteristic of L. fuliginosus. in the British Isles but in Scotland the more This species is fairly frequent and widespread in commonly found species is the related P. lycii (Pers.) deciduous woodland or mixed conifer/ frondose v. Hoehn. & Litsch., with which P. cinerea in the past woodlands in Scotland. It is easily confused with has been confused. P. cinerea is characterised by the other closely related species e.g. L. azonites q.v., and adnate, polygonally cracked basidiome in contrast to consequently the distribution in Scotland and Britain that of P. quercina, which possesses a dark, as a whole is poorly known. separating and upwardly curling edge to the fruiting L. glyciosmus (Fr.: Fr.) Fr. As Agaricus glyciosmus body. As the name suggests the latter fungus is found Fries, Gilmorehill, October 1830. In brackets Sweet generally on branches of Quercus, although it does Smelling Galorheus. occur in Scotland on Fagus. It is sometimes recorded The material consists of very young basidiomes (2 on conifers in southern Britain. ha1ved fb. & section). It is common and widespread Russulaceae in Scotland, and characterised in the field by the very Lactarius azonites (Bull.) Fr. As Agaricus acris distinctive odour of desiccated coconut, noted by Bolt., Grounds of Charles Lyall Esq., Kinnordy, August- Klotzsch, and rather pale basidiomes with a faint hint October 1830. Another collection with differing of lilaceous pink. It is always associated with Betula handwriting on the label is annotated ‘Kinnordy, woodland or assoctiated with individual specimen Garscube and many other places, August-October trees. It is common and widespread in British Isles. 1830’. Galorheus was a colloquial neme for milk-caps. This material of L. acris (Bolt.) Fr. consists of 2 halved L. subdulcis (Bull.: Fr.) S. F. Gray As Agaricus fbs. & a single section. The second collection is only subdulcis Pers., Common, August-October, 1830. No of a halved fb. & section. L. acris is a rare Scottish loc. milk-cap generally associated elsewhere in Britain 3 unlocalized collections are found in the Klotzsch with Quercus on calcareous soils, whereas the closely herbarium with unsigned material consisting of 3 related L. azonites is more widespread and less halved fbs. & 3 sections; assigned collection consists dependent on base-rich soils. The distributional of a halved fb. and section. This milk-cap is common information attached to the specimens is more in and widespread in Scotland and is generally found keeping with the records of L. azonites elswhere in with Fagus. It is also common and widespread Scotland. However, even this species is not frequent. throughout the British Isles. L. acris differs from L. azonites in its lubricous pileus L. uvidus (Fr.: Fr.) Fr. As Agaricus uvidus., Fr.I p.66, and the basidiospores more strongly ornamented, near Glasgow, October 1830 with reference to more glosbose and slightly smaller. A whole clutch of Bulliard. Plate in pencil. closely related taxa have been recognized around L. The material is made up of 2 collections each of 2 acris since Klotzsch’s time. L. azonites is infrequently halved fbs. & 2 sections, one signed by Klotzsch; the recorded but is widespread in the British Isles. A signed collection is in bad condition. This is not an comparison should be made with L. fuliginosus, q.v. uncommon milk-cap in Scotland, occurring in damp L. deterrimus Gröger As Agaricus deliciosus, Betula woodland. It is less commonly reported from Dougalston, September 1830. elsewhere in the British Isles. The collecting site will The material consists of 2 sections & one halved fb. undoubtedly be within today’s boundary of Glasgow The last is badly eaten. L. deliciosus (L.: Fr.) S. F. Gray and therefore lost. is mostly restricted to remnant Caledonian forest in Russula adusta (Pers.: Fr.) Fr. As Agaricus adustus, Scotland and less frequently associated with pines Common, October 1830. No Loc. elsewhere. It was confused for many generations The specimens are composed of 2 ½ fbs. & 2 sections. with what was later recognized as a distinct species Unfortunately basidiospores cannot be recovered in virtue of its distinctive colour changes to the flesh from the specimens so it is impossible to confirm when cut and spore-ornamentation; the latter Klotzsch’s identification. The staure of the fbs. is not species only exhibits an incomplete reticulum. L. really in keeping with R. adusta as interpreted today. deterrimus occurs in spruce woodland or similar Although the true R. adusta is widespread it is rather exotic conifer plantings in Scotland, probably similar uncommon in Scotland, where it has only been to what would have occurred at Douglaston in the recorded in pine woodland. However, it could never time of Klotzsch. L. deterrimus is is common and be considered common as indicated by Klotzsch. It is widespread in both Scotland and elsewhere in only possible to accept the identification as it stands Britain. with some scepticism. It is recorded less frequent L. fuliginosus (Fr.: Fr.) Fr. As Agaricus fuliginosus, southwards in Britain. October 1830, Fr. I p 73. No loc. R. nobilis Vel. As Russula emetica, Common, October The material consists of 3 collections, two in a single 1830. No loc. packet; these two collections are composed of a This is one of the four collections of material whole fb. and 2 sections, whilst the third packet only identified as Russula emetica; the others refer to a contains a 1/2 fb. This species is the commonest of very different species; see below. The present the group of milk-caps with reddening or browning collection is composed of the the closest specimens milk; the ornamentation of the basidiospores of the in the Klotzsch herbarium to the true R. emetica, a fungus of damp pinewoods. The present fungus is specific to beechwoods and has long been called ‘R. Thelephorales emetica’ in popular manuals. More recently it was Thelephoraceae called R. fageticola sensu Lundell because of this link Hydellum mirabile (Fr.) Weinm. As Hydnum with beech. The basidiospores are less distinctly compactum. On soil with base amongst ericoids, near reticulate than the true R. emetica and are also Aviemore, August 1830. slightly smaller (7-9 x 6.5-7.5µ), as in the present There are two collections one signed and material. This fungus is common as Klotszch consisting of ½ fb., a section & a pileus top, whilst indicates, indeed very common and widespread the other unsigned collection with the same label throughout Scotland. The distribution is similar for but having 2 sections only. The label of the former the rest of Britain. has obviously been cut from the specimen within R. sanguinaria (Schum.) Rauschert As Russula the packet. According to the Check List authors emetic; see above. (Legon & Henrici, 2005) most collections from the Some material of R. emetica in the Klotszch British Isles named this species turn out to be H. herbarium contains two distinct taxa, none caeruleum (Hornem.) P. Karst., which is found representing R. emetica as the species is understood today at Aviemore, viz. Highlands of Scotland of today. However, looking at Fries’ interpretation of R. Klotzsch. Although according to B.J. Spooner the emetica in 1821, a concept available to Klotszch and specimens are considered too old for which could have been used as his tent-plate, identification (in litt.) the spore characters of the consists of several quite unrelated entities with their Klotzsch material are close to those of the related cap colours ranging from red to purple and even to H. mirabile (Fr.) Weinm. H. caeruleum is not green!. There was for many years a long tradition to uncommon in association with Pinus sylvestris in lump all red-capped Russula spp. under a single remnant Caledonian forest, whereas H. mirabile is name, viz. R. emetica or at most a handful of names. rather rare. The unifying characters for these different species Thelephora terrestris Ehrh. As Thelephora were the consistently white gills and stem, and acrid laciniata Pers., around trunks, frequent’, August 1830 taste but present day identifcation relies more on and common in woods, October 1830. microscopic characters and shows that there is a Each of the 2 collections is represented by 4 fbs. This range of separate taxa involved. Crawshay (1930) is a very common fungus especially on bare mineral has demonstrated conclusively that the morphology soils in conifer woodland. Throughout the British of the basidiospore is paramount; it is almost like a Isles. Material collected in 1822 from Kinnordy finger-print. exists in Greville’s Herbarium in Edinburgh; this was There are 2 collections labelled Agaricus emeticus a site visited by Klotzsch eight years later; it is also T. Schaeff., Common fungus, October 1830 and another terrestris. labelled ‘very common fungus’ but also–‘stipito toto T. palmata Scop. Fr. As Merismodes palmatus rubro’ Gilmour Hill, Glasgow, October 1830. foetidus Pers. Mycol. Europ. , In the Highlands, July These 3 collections of Klotszch have basidiospores 8- 1830. 9 x 6.5µ with distinct warts but only a few crests and This signed collection consists of 4 fractured fbs. connectives. This contrasts with R. emetica in the There are also 4 fbs. dated a month after the strict sense where the basidiospores are up to 11 x collection above and additionally annotated ‘found 6.5-8.5 µ with distinct, high ornamentation, by Dr Hooker in woods near Cairngorm’. This species including numerous connectives forming a poorly is infrequent but widespread at margins of conifer developed reticulum. From the union of Klotszch’s woodland and is reported as being associated with brief notes on colour of stem etc., and the spore Betula on acidic soils. It is rather uncommon in ornamentation, which is critical it is proposed that Scotland and rarely reported, although it is said to be Klotszch’s specimens represent what is now widespread in the British Isles. understood as R. sanguinaria. This species is often called R. sanguinea, a brittle-gill described as new by Ascomycotina Fries (1838) some 6 years after Klotszch left Pezizaomycetes: Pezizales Glasgow. One of the signed collections has a red stem Helvellaceae and a second collection has pinkish halo around the Helvella crispa (Scop.) Fr. As Helvella crispa, entire fb. from red pigments which have leaked out Garscube, October 1830. from the fb. with age.The third collection has a label The material consists of 2 collections in the same with a different and clearer hand, which is probably packet the first of which is signed and represented not that of Klotzsch as there is a misrepresentation by 2 fbs. & section and the second consisting of 2 of what Klotszch had put on his label accompanying sections. The identity of the specimens has been a signed collection; it now reads ‘common funy’. confirmed by Henry Dissing during the preparation R. sanguinaria is a common and widespread brittle- of his monograph (Dissing, 1966). This species is gill and is found in favourable places associated with infrequent but relatively widespread in Scotland. It Pinus sylvestris and also with exotic conifers in grows on soil along track-sides and banks in plantations. The fourth collection in the batch is R. woodlands. It is widespread and more common nobilis q.v. elsewhere in the British Isles. H. lacunosa Afzel. As Helvella lacunosa, amongst Discussion grass, Blantyre, October 1830 and by marsh, nr. General comments Garscube, 1830. A number of factors have emerged during the The 2 collections consist of 2 ½ fbs. and 3 fbs. examination of Klotzsch’s material. Firstly, that he respectively; the latter collection is from near was a particularly good observer and although a few Garscube and is signed. The material has been differences exist between his interpretation of the checked by H. Dissing (1966). This is the commonest classical taxa and our present understanding it is of the saddle fungi – Helvella spp. in Scotland. It is evident that the majority of identifications agree widespread on soil along tracks, on banks and in with today’s concepts. Because of this keen clearings in woodlands, in parkland and sometimes observational power one can guess why Hooker in gardens. It is also common and widespread chose to employ this young man from Germany. It is elsewhere in Britain. probable that he had also a good reference from his Pyrenomycetaceae mentor viz. Prof.H.F.Link, an exceptional mycologist Octospora alpestris (Sommerf.) Dennis & Itzerott of his time. Klotzsch recognized that some of his As Peziza rutilans var. alpestris b (Aleuria, collections did not agree with any of the fungi Humaria), in turf amongst mosses, Highlands described in those texts available to him. Some were August 1830. proposed as new species, one being the extremely The material consists of a few, small apothecia common bolete Suillus grevillei, widespread where- amongst soil and moss fragments. It is said to ever larch is grown; others which he recognized have grow with the bryophyte Tetraplodon mnioides since been given formal names by later authors. Thus (up to 600m.) in the hills. It is rare but probably his Omphalia montosus is Lichenomphalia more widespread than records suggest because of ericetorum. Available epithets have been located for its habitat preferences. It is known in Scotland some of the new species he proposed Agaricus from Skye, Mull and the Central Highlands. It is tabularis is obviously Lacrymaria lacrymabunda rarely recorded from the rest of Britain. judging from the characteristic basidiospore Leotiomycetes: Helotiales structure. However, there are a few examples where Leotiaceae Klotzsch adopted species names in rather bizarre Leotia lubrica Pers. As Leotia lubrica Gilmour Hill, ways, especially Agaricus lacrymabundus and the September 1830. North American Agaricus camarophyllus. A few of The material consists of 2 collections one of 7 Klotzsch’s identifications are somewhat confusing in ascomata and the other 6 ascomata. The species is their modern sense, sometimes quite extraordinary colloquially called ‘jelly babies’ from the appearance and so are discussed in full below with possible of the fresh ascomes and is widespread and common interpretations of the records. New species proposed throughout Scotland, as it is elsewhere in Britain. were Ag. conicolus, A. montosus, Ag. sowerbei, Ag Microglossum viride (Pers.: Fr.) Gillet As tabularis, Merulius reticulatus and Polyporus scoticus. Geoglossum glabrum, Schrad .Garscube, October 1830. SYSTEMATIC NOTES 1-8 The material consists of 5 fractured fbs. and the accompanying label with its G. glabrum Clavariaceae determination the crossed out and changed to 1. Ramariopsis kunzei (Fr.) Corner ? As Clavaria ‘viride’. This species is infrequent but widespread in cristata Holmsk., very rare, September 1830. No loc. Scotland on mossy banks in woodland but probably The material consists of a widespread depauperate is under recorded because the dark green colours fb., which exhibits rounded branch apices and camaflouge the fbs. It is fairly common and therefore is not in agreement with modern concepts widespread in the British Isles. of this club fungus which is now synonymised with Cudoniaceae Clavulina coralloides L. Indeed the morphology is not Spathularia flavida Pers.: Fr. As Spathularia in keeping with the epithet ‘cristata’. Fries (1815) re- flavida, common in Highlands, July 1830 & very named Holmskold’s fungus Cl. Holmskoldii Fr., now common, woods in the Highlands, August- September considered a synonym of Clavaria kunzei Fr.. This 1830. latter fungus must not be confused with C. The two collections consist of 3 fbs. & 3 sections and holmskoldii Oud., which according to Corner (1949) 13 fbs., respectively. In Scotland this species is is attributable to Clavulinopsis whereas C. cristata is infrequent but widespread on banks in woodland placed in Clavulina and C. kunzei in Ramariopsis. It is and under hedgerows. It can hardly be considered to rather unusual for Klotzsch not to refer directly to be very common in its distribution as indicated by Fries with a page entry if his specimens agreed in Klotzsch. It is considered of conservation their identity. Fries states, as Klotzsch also notes, importance. It has a similar distribution in Britain. that this species is rare and this certainly does not reflect the distribution of the European interpretation of C cristata of today but it does mirror that for R. kunzei. There is no evidence that the Clavulina has spread in the British Isles since 1830 such that it would support this distributional authentically British by the Check List authors inconsistency. The structure of Klotzsch material is (Legon & Henrici, 2005) so having early British not in keeping with a Clavulina so Klotzsch’s interpretations of this name is very useful in our comments could infact refer to the rare European understanding of the systematics of the genus. This Clavulinopsis holmskoldii (Oud.) Corner, or even to is especially true in this case as Ag. relicinus is taken Ramariopsis kunzei (Fr.) Corner. Sadly there are no by Earle (1912) as type of the genus Inocybe, a retrievable basidiospores, which in themselves proposal supported by Donk (1985). Klotszch’s could at least identify the genus. Equally there are no material is of a species with smooth spores and field-notes, which could help in any redetermination. therefore does not agree with the interpretation of C.holmskoldii is only at present known from the Heim (1931). The true I. relicina has nodulose spores Netherlands whereas R. kunzei is rather in the British and grows in wet Sphagnum areas under conifers Isles. Most of the facts point to the identity of especially Abies. It is only known from Scandanavia, Klotzsch’s specimen being that of Ramariopsis although it is noted in Stevenson (1879). Klotzsch kunzei, which would fit in with interpretation of later apparently considered his specimens to agree with extant collections in Kew Botanic Gardens the description given by Fries (1821) as the Herbarium by Legon & Henrici (2005). R. kunzei has reference is quoted on the label. However, the been found at sites in the Clyde, Forth, Tay and darkened cystidia, the shape of the basidiospores Tweed Watersheds, preferring to grow at the edges and the scaly surface to the pileus clearly seen in the of open woodlands and particularly under Juniperus exciccata point to a member of the I. and Taxus. obscura/phaeocomis complex, now all considered In contrast Clavulina cristata, as elsewhere in Britain, forms of the rather variable I. cincinnata (Fr.: Fr.) is common and widespread in Scotland, especially on Quél. Both these species occur in close proximity in banks in conifer plantations and in frondose Fries (1821) so this latter author considered them woodlands. It is also extremely variable and the distinct. Some interpretations of this species refer to cristate form has been more recently subsumed in C. I. cervicolor (Pers.) Quél. a rather uncommon Scottish coralloides. The use of the epithet ‘cristata’ may have agaric but this does not possess the thick-walled proved a source of the confusion. cystidia of the Klotzsch material. There are 3 collections of I. relicina made by E.J.H.Corner in the Cortinariaceae Edinburgh Herbarium collected in 1925 &1926. The 2. Cortinarius sp. As Agaricus conicolus Klotzsch, major part of these collections is I. nitidiuscula Cortinaria, Dermocybe. No loc. (Britz.) Sacc. and therefore do not represent This material is of a species of Cortinarius but Klotzsch’s material. without field notes, even some meagre descriptive 4. I. fraudans (Britzel.) Sacc. As Ag. (Inocybe) information, it is impossible to say to what it might pyriodora Pers. No loc. refer. Klotzsch himself places the collection in This species is recorded in Stevenson (1879) from ‘Dermocybe Cortinaria’ but with species so difficult to Scotland based on collections by Klotszch and Prof. tell even with exhaustive data this is of little help. Dickie in Aberdeen but with no locations given and Even knowing the the basidiospores are 10.5-11 x no supporting material in the herbarium of the Royal 6.5-7µ, ellipsoid, verrucose and rather dull coloured Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, although one wonders in aqueous ammoniacal solution it is impossible to whether this rerfers to his Kirriemuir collection, place the species even within the subgenus it is consisting of 2 halved fbs. and 2 sections and labelled assigned to by Klotzsch. The label is little different to Ag. scaber: see below. others and over the Dermocybe entry faintly in pencil 5. Inocybe sp. As Ag. scaber Fr. p 255, Kirriemuir, is written Telamonia. It has not been possible to find September 1830. any reference to this collection in Berkeley (1836), Ag. scaber is often interpreted today as a form of Stevenson (1879) etc. A suggestion is that it is close Inocybe corydalina Quel., but as Kuyper (1968) has to C. anomlaus (Fr.: Fr.) Fr a notoriously variable and pointed out the text on which this name is based difficult group. The distinctive veil displayed in the (Mueller, 1776) is of a pale-spored agaric and specimens and prominent conical pileus even in the therefore cannot be an Inocybe. There is no doubt ½ fb. & section certainly looks diagnostic and would that Klotszch was using Sowerby ’s coloured figures be significant. Why Klotzsch found it necessary to in his studies as a guide and in this work Plate 207 suggest a new species is a mystery unless he realised illustrates a pale-gilled fungus with a cap possessing his collection differed from the true C. anomalus. concentrically arranged darker scales when mature There, however, may be an error in our deciphering and an arachnoid veil which resembles the wax-cap of the epithet, conicolus on the label. Hygrophorus tephroleucus (Pers.) Fr. This would appear to agree with the original concept of Mueller. Crepidotaceae. The stature of Klotzsch’s material would support this 3. Inocybe cincinnata As Agaricus relicinus Fr. 1 p as would the lack of any cystidia and dark-brown 256, Kinnordy, September 1830. smooth or gibbose spores so typical of Inocybe. It is The signed material consists of 2 sections & 2 believed that the material is immature and not fully different halved fbs. I. relicina is not considered developed. The few basidiospores salvaged from what appears to be an almost sterile fb. are non- amyloid and hyaline. Sadly although the label is recorded for the British Isles. In fact the Klotzsch signed the habitat of the Klotzsch material is not specimens are found incorrectly deposited in given. Certainly in Fries (1821 pg. 255 annotated as Edinburgh under this name, obviously after later such by Klotszch) the entry under Ag. scaber is for a recent curation of the fungal collections there. This fungus placed close to Ag. cervicolor Pers. and occurs species and I. costata differ from I. gibba (Pers.: Fr.) immediately after Ag. pyriodora Britzelmayr (=I. Hamaja, viz. Agaricus gibbus (=Clitocybe = fraudans see above) in his listings as it does in Infundibulicybe) as understood today in the darker Stevenson (1879). This indicates a supposed close and duller brown pileus-colour and slightly relationship. In the latter publication strangely there differently shaped basidiospores. I. costata has been is no mention of Klotzsch’s record. What ever the recently recorded from under Fagus sylvatica in the fungus is Stevenson (1879) was familiar with it as he Scottish Borders (Dawyck Bot. Gdn.) and is reported recorded it from 5 Scottish Watersheds. by the Check List authors (Legon & Henrici, 1992) as widespread but rarely recorded elsewhere in the Favolaschiacae British Isles. Moser (1978) separates C. caccabus as 6. Mycena sanguinolenta (Alb. & Schwein.) P. an autonomous species in the sense of Ricken Kummer As Agaricus Adonis. No loc. (1915), whilst Kühner & Romagnesi (1953) consider Klotzsch’s material of Agaricus Adonis consists of 3 it to be related to Pseudoclitocybe cyathiformis (Bull.: fbs. all of which lack the persistent orange or reddish Fr.) Singer, a species characterised by amlyloid colours typical of M. adonis (Bull.) Gray. An basidiospores and patently not Klotzsch’s taxon. examination of the specimens shows the fbs. and In contrast to I. costata, I. gibba (Pers.: Fr.) Harmaja their structure are not typical of M. adonis but more is frequent and widespread in open woodland and in keeping with a member of the Eumycenae, copses in Scotland. It is also common elsewhere in significantly taking on a purple-amethyst reaction in Britain and better known throughout its range as the trama with Melzer’s reagent, characteristic of Clitocybe infundibuliformis (Schaeff.) Quél. that subgenus. Sadly no basidiospores have been retrieved. In fact the specimens do not really Strophariaceae resemble M. adonis in any way but would match one 8. Pholiota astragalina (Fr.) Singer As Ag. of several Scottish grey-brown bonnet-caps. larymabundus Bull., Botanic Garden, September 1830. Klotszch’s use of the epithet ‘Adonis’ is bizarre until This Klotzsch collection has smooth, honey-brown one looks at Sowerby’s composite plate of Ag. coloured basidiospores and an orange aspect to the tentaculum in Illustrations of British Fungi: Pl. 385 fig. exsiccata, all characters in keeping with a member of 2 & 3. Sowerby here uses 3 quite different epithets the geophilioid agarics; the tapered stipe base also under a single all-embracing Bulliard name, viz. suggests attachment below the surface to a woody Adonis, pumilus and tenuis. We strongly surmise that substrate. Therefore it is proposed that this signed Klotszch had the use of this text and undoubtedly he collection as Agaricus lacrymabundus consisting of 2 applies the name used by Sowerby to his collection. collections, one a section plus ½ fb. and the second The latter author states that his figures refer to a collection of 2 halved fbs. belongs to Pholiota fungus distinct in its brown cap and stem or greyish astagalina. It is therefore a rather unsusual use of the white stem with darker gills, distinctly depicted with name Agaricus larymabundus by Klotszch. However, red edges in the illustration. This agrees with the the interpretation of the epithet ‘lacrymabundus’ is present day interpretation of Mycena sanguinolenta. rather variable judging from the disparate concepts Without any field notes it is difficult to identify the introduced by the classical authors so it is possibly material but the cystidia would not oppose this understandable that Klotszch might have used a placement. Mycena sanguinolenta is a common and different concept to that accepted today; see Legon & widespread Scottish species found in woodlands of Henrici (1998) for a list of synonyms. Ag. both frondose and/or coniferous trees, along lacrymabundus has been used for members of the grassland margins even into heathland at high Psathyrella cotonea (Quél.) Konrad & Maublanc altitudes. It is occasional but widespread elsewhere consortium by some classic authors e.g. Rea (1922), in the British Isles. although it has now been shown to apply to Psathyrella velutina = Lacrymaria q.v. The origin of Omphalotaceae the very different interpretion by Klotzsch is 7. Infundibulicybe costata (Kühner & unkown as he had introduced a manscript name for Romagnesi) Harmaja ? As Agaricus gibbus b b what is typical Lacrymaria lacrymabunda (Bull.) Pat.; fuligineus xxxx Alb. & Schw, Kirriemuir, October 1830. see Klotszch’s Ag. tabularis under Lacrymaria above. The material consists of a single fb. & 2 sections In some features the collection resembles staining the mounting paper red-brown. It is Hypholoma lateritium (Schaeff.) P. Karst. or even H. possible that the collection refers to I. costata epixanthum (Fr.) Quél. and it is interesting to note (Kühner & Romagn.) Harmaja, although Mussat in that the former appears in Fries (1821) next to in Ag. Saccardo (1901) on the authority of Fries (pg. 240, lacrymabundus. P. astragalina is not a common 1838) refers it to Clitocybe caccabus Fr. The latter is fungus in the British Isles and probably is more a rare fungus of conifers which has not been frequently recorded from Scotland where it grows on buried wood. It could well have been introduced Schweinitz, 1805). There appears to be no ixocutis into the Glasgow Botanic Garden as for instance present, the pileipellis being a simple, hyaline, Hymenangium album q.v. repent, filamentous structure lacking pileocystidia with some greyish or brownish elements, probably Tricholomataceae corresponding to the fibrillose flecks exhibited on 9. Clitocybe subgenus Pseudolyophyllum As the pileus of the exsiccata. The basidiospores are Agaricus camarophyllus Alb. & Schwein.: Dougalston, non-amyloid, apparently smooth and slightly October 1830 & Garscube, October 1830. broadly ellipsoid, 4.4-6.7 x 2.5 µm. The hymenium Each collection consists of a half fb. & section. The appears to be regular and composed of shortened first collection is labelled on the outer packet as cells 24 x 4.5-6.5 µm and lacking clamp- Tricholoma tigrinum (Schaeff.) Gillet but it is not connectionns. The fruiting body is quite large with a Klotzsch’s hand. The handwriting is possibly that of diameter when dried and flattened of 80mm and William Edgar Evans, who was a curator in the height of 80mm.; the stipe is slightly swollen, which Edinburgh herbarium in the early 1900s. Authorities again is not in keeping with the original H. in the classic literature refer to illustrations of camarophyllus where the stipe is described as Tricholoma tigrinum by Fries (Icones Selectae. tapering and probably hollow.. Tab.41, lower figure pixit E. Akerlund del.), So what is Klotszch’s Agaricus camarophyllus? It is Schaeffer’s plate 89 in Fungorum qui in Bavaria et unusual for Klotszch’s concept to be so different to Palatinata circa Ratisbonam and those by Cooke in that of Fries, whose publications he apparently Illustrations of British Fungi, viz. No, 73 t. 74 & No. followed; it was Fries who ultimately drew 889, t.916 are referrable to Hygrophorus caprinus Tricholoma tigrinum and H. camarophyllus together. th Scop. Examination of these plates by the present At the turn of the 19 century this treatment was author allows him only to conclude that none slavishly followed by Rea (1922) and others. The represent the Klotzsch’s exsiccata. The Klotzsch present day interpretation of H. camarophyllus is as material is both significance and contentious, a variety of H. caprinus differing only by the colour of especially as it had been found at two separate sites, the gills, white in the former and pink in the latter. Garscube and Dougalston, i.e. on closely located There is a record of this fungus in Stevenson (1879) estates, but the specimens actually look as if they are it having been found by him at Glamis in 1874. So it part of the very same fb. R&A (1963) mention H. looks as if the record of Tricholoma tigrinum from camarophyllus as Scottish but without indicating a Elie is not thought to be related to H. camarophyllus locality and not neccessarily referring to Klotszch’s (or indeed H. caprinus) as it is very doubtful that material. Stevenson (1886) indicates, under the Stevenson would have given entirely different names name Tricholoma tigrinum Schaeff. that he had found to his collections in two very different genera. a ‘collection agreed in all ways with Fries’ viz. Fries’s It would appear that this Garscube record refers to a description in Hymenomycetes Europae (1874). In member of the Clitocybe sect Pseudolyophyllum Srevenson (1879) T. tigrinum is specifically recorded consortium, which can show in the field a greasy or from Macduff’s Chapel, Elie, Fife with the habitat as lubricous surface to the pileuis and that the ‘amongst grass near to coast’. This same species reference to Tricholoma tigrinum becomes an based on M.C.Cooke’s plate is indicated by Pearson, unacceptable error made by accepting synonyms at Quélet and Maire (Pearson, 1936) to be a species face value. Unfortunately this thorny problem has closely related to Calocybe gambosa (Fr.) Donk. The not been solved. habitat of this collection is right; this species also can 10. Agaricus ocellatus As Agaricus ocellatus, be found sometimes with a slightly darker virgate Kinnordy, September 1830, Fr., Syst. I p. 134. pileus when weather-worn agreeing with the There are two collections under this name consisting descriptive information. Exposure to the incoming of a single fb. & section and 2 fbs. & section winds along the Fife coast would favour such respectively but with only 1 collection signed. The 2 damage. This is a patently different fungus to collections appear to differ one from the other one Hygrophorus camarophyllus, which is a putative having arcuate decurrent whereas the other conifer ectomycorrhizal specialist. collection exhibits adnate gills; gill-attachment is a The true H. camarophyllus is a rather rare British rather important character in the classification of the species but with two very recent collections made in agarics. On the label reference is made to Fries Glenmore, Speyside, one collected with (1821, p.134). Berkeley (1836) refers to Klotszch’s Artcostaphylos uva ursi and one with Pinus sulvestris, collection of this species but unfortunately Fries both made by Liz Holden, and deposited in the changes his concept in his Observationes (1815), Edinburgh herbarium. Typical pine fungi are from an agaric on grass stems to a fungus associated frequently found with Arctostaphylos in Scotland with members of the genus Collybia sensu stricto. (Watling, 1999). Cooke in his Illustrations of British Fungi figures (Pl. Unfortuately Klotszch’s dried specimens do not 209 /147) for Collybia ocellatus has a fungus which reveal their true identity and although the gills are resembles a Crinipellis, whereas Antonin & decurrent they are not arcuate decurrent as Nordeloos (1997) think it may even refer to a species indicated in the original protologue (Albertini & of Marasmiellus. Klotzsch’s material fits neither of these concepts as the gills in both these are distinctly decurrent. This is reinforced as on the label of the Bull.: Fr. Klotzsch’s material is not found in larger collection Klotzsch penned ‘Clitocybe’. It is Edinburgh, so it is impossible to say to what this true that C. cirrhata (Pers.) Quél., to which the name record refers but Klotzsch should have been familiar Ag. ocellatus has been linked, can possess slightly with this species as it was named by James Edward decurrent gills but this is an exception. In fact Fries Smith and there is no doubt Klotzsch had this text to (1821) indicated the gills were adnate in his hand. understanding of the species. The specimens show an interesting swelling upwards to the base of the Gloeophyllales: Gloeophyllaaceae gills, which is found in some Marasmiellus spp. Fries 12. Gloeophyllum sepiarium (Wulfen) P. Karsten (1821) has ‘ocellatus’ as a small species of agaric Klotzsch’s material of Lenzites abietinum is in the close to both Collybia tuberosa (Bull.) P. Kummer and herbarium at Kew, although not dated indicates the to Ag. clavus L. The latter is another rather dubious location was ‘Glasgow’. This strongly suggests it may fungus probably referring in most cases to Rickenella have been from Sandyford, possibly on greenhouse fibula (Bull.) Raith. Fries (1821) in his changed view staging. This material and other collections in Kew, considered ‘ocellatus’ as ‘growing on soil amongst purporting to be L. abietinum, are all G. sepiarium. G. leaves’. Lange (1934) comments on a collection of abietinum (Bull.: Fr.) P. Karst. is not considered ‘ocellatus’ he examined and to which he gave a short British. G. sepiarium is a common and widespread description but apparently no illustration or bracket and as well as on conifer stumps and logs in specimen exists. He notes that the spores are large. native forest and plantations it is a colonist of conifer The tradition of linking ‘ocellatus’ to Collybia was staging and border planks and even garden enforced by later publications of Fries (1838 furniture. It is found under similar conditions &1874), when he placed ‘ocellata' under Collybia. throughout the British Isles. Massat when he listed Ag. ocellatus ‘b’ in Saccardo (1901) he concurred with this decision. Without any field notes it is impossible to say to what Klotzsch’s fungus refers. At least some components at the top of Phanerochaetales: Phanerochaetaceae a plate in Bulliard (1791) to which Fries refers have 13. Phanerochaete sanguinea (Fr.) Pouzar a good likeliness to C. cirrhata. Thelephora miniata in Klotszch If Agaricus ocellatus can be taken in the classic sense ‘Thelephora miniata’ was described by Berkeley as a synonym of Collybia cirrhata then it is true that (1836) based on two collections one from Gilmore it is often concealed by grasses and forbs and so Hill, Glasgow made by Klotzsch and a second from frequently overlooked. It is common and widespread Appin, leg. J. Carmichael. Material of the latter is to be in Scotland as elsewhere in the British Isles. The found in the herbarium Kew but only notes on the etymology of the specific name is spotted as in an former exist; see R&A, 1963. Sadly no material of ocelot; such a character is obscure amongst the these collections has been located in Edinburgh, common Scottish fungi. although material distributed as Berkeley Exs. Brit. Some authors have quoted Bulliard’s plate 56 and Mycol. 251 has been located and is composed of Cooke’s plate 151 as Agaricus hariolorum = Collybia sterile hyphae. The collections of the extant material depicting a flat-capped agaric without spots on the differ from each in their rather different hyphal pileus and grouped together amongst leaves in structures. The identity of this species is unknown woods. Cooke’s illustration noted above looks very and the epithet must be considered a nomen nudum. much like Crinipellis scabella (Alb. & Schwein.) It is reported by Rea (1922) but no material Murrill and the habitat of growing on grass fits examined by him has been traced and the transfer of nicely. the species by Burt (1925) to Peniophora must be Unfortunately Klotzsch’s material does not help to based on a different taxon. Bourdot & Galzin (1909- solve the problem of the identity of Ag. ocellatus as it 1921) considered this crust fungus purely a colour was hoped. variant of Phanerochaete sanguinea with a bright blood-red colouration. This fungus grows on Auriculariales: Tremellaceae coniferous wood and is rare in Scotland and although 11. Tremella intumescens Sm. poorly recorded for the British Isles it is supposed to The record is ‘in Hooker’s Flora Scotica Clyde, Carmel’, be widespread. Stevenson (1879) records it from 4 appearing in Stevenson (1879). Scottish watersheds. There is every reason to believe that this record is based on a collection made by Klotzsch. It was Russulales: Bondarzewiaceae originally described by Sowerby & Smith in English 14. Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. Botany and accepted as a good species by M.A.Donk Klotzsch described as new Polyporus scoticus, which (1966) but it is considered a nomen nudum by the strangely is not noted in Stevenson (1879) as being Checklist authors (Legon & Henrici, 2005) not being in Scotland. It is now considered a synonym of supported by a type specimen. Re-examination of Heterobasidion annosum for which there are records material in the herbarium as Kew shows that the as Fomes annosus for all Scottish Watersheds. Sadly collections under this name are Exidia glandulosa there is no material of Polyporus scoticus in the herbarium in Edinburgh. The fungus is a Ditto (1821). Systema Mycologicum. Vol. 1 morphologically very variable bracket which is Griefswald, Sweden. characterised by a white margin to the pileus edge Ditto (1828). Elenchus Fungorum, sistens and a peach-coloured tint to the pore-surface. It is so commentarium in Systema mycologicum I variable it is understandable that Klotzsch Griefswald, Sweden. considered he had a different species warranting a Ditto (1836). Epicrisis systematis mycologici, seu new name. H. annosum is very common and synopsis Hymenomycetum.Uppsala, Sweden. widespread in both Scotland and the rest of the Ditto (1867-1884). Icones selectae hymenomycetum, British Isles and is an important root-parasite of Stockholm. conifers. It is found on a whole range of frondose and Ginns, J.H. (1976). Merulius s.s. & s.l. taxonomic coniferous trees and even on ericaeous hosts. disposition and identification of species. Canadian Journal of Botany 54: 100-167. REFERENCES Heim R. (1931). Le Genre Inocybe. Encyclopedie. Albertini, J.B. de & Schweinitz, L.D. de (1805). Mycologique 1, 1-431. Conspectus Fungorum in Lusitiae superioris agro Jarfeat, P., Chamaumeton, J.-P., Navaud, O., Vizzinini, Niskiensi crescentium, Leipzig. A. & Gryta, H. The Paxillus involutus (Boletales, Antonin, V. & Noordeloos, M.E. (1997). A Monograph Paxillaceae) complex in Europe. Genetic diversity of Marasmius, Collybia and related genera in and morphological description of the new species Europe. Part 2. Collybia, Gymnopus, Paxilus cuprinus, typificatiion of P. involutus s.s. Rhodocollybia, Crinipellis, Chaetocalathus and and synthesis of species boundaries. Fungal additions to Marasmiellus. Libri Botanici. 17: 1- Biology 118 (1): 12-31. 256. Knudsen, H. & Vesterholt, J. (2012). Editors. Funga Berkeley, M.J. (1836). In J.E.Smith’s English Flora 5: 2, Nordica. 2 vols., Copenhagen. London. Kuyper, T.W. (1986). A Revision of the Genus Inocybe Bourdot, H. & Galzin, A. (1909-1921). in Europe. I. Subgenus Inosperma and the Smooth- Hyménomycètes de France. Bulletin de la Société spored species of Subgenus Inocybe. Mycologique de France. Parts 15-37. Rijksherbarium, Leiden. Bulliard, B. (1791). Histoire des champignons de la Kühner, R & Romagnesi, H. (1953). Flore Analytique France, 4 vols., Paris. des Champinons de France. Lechevalier, Paris. Crawshay R. (1930). The spore ornamentation of the Lange, J. (1936). Flora Agaricina Vol. 2, Copenhagen. Russulas. Ballière, Tindall & Cox, Covent Garden, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. (2005). Check List of the London. British & Irish Basidiomycota. Kew, Richmond. Burt, E.A. (1925). The Thelephoraceae of North Massee, G. (1902). European Fungus Flora: America XIV. Report (Annual) of the Missouri Agaricaceae. Duckworth, Covent Garden, London. Botanic Garden 12: 244-357. Moser, M. (1967). Basidiomycetes. II. Die Röhrlinge Cooke M.C. (1881-1891). Illustrations of British Fungi und Blätterpilze 4 IIB. Ed. W.Gams, Kleine (Hymenomycetes). 8 vols. Williams & Norgate, Kryptogemenflora. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart. London. Ditto, M. (1978). Basidiomycetes II Die Röhrlinge Constantin, J. and Dufour, L. (1901). Nouvelle Flore und Blätterpilze, IIB. Ed. W. Gams, Kleine des Champignons. 3rd edtion. Paris. Kryptogamenflora. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart, Corner, E.J.H. (1967). Clavaria and allied genera. Mueller, O.F. (1776). Ueber die Schwamme Annales of Botany Memoir 10: 1-740. ueberhaupt in Flora Danica, Copenhagen. Dennis, R.W.G., Orton, P.D. & Hora, F.B. (1960). New Mussat, E. (1901). in Saccardo, P.A. Synonymia Check List of British Agarics and Boleti. Sylloge Fungorum. Pavia, Italy. Transactions of the British Mycological Society. 43: Orton, P.D. (1958). The genus Cortinarius. II Inoloma 1-139. and Dermocybe. The Naturalist London (Suppl.) Dissing, H. (1966). The genus Helvella in Europe. 1958: 81-149. Dansk Botanik Arkiv 25 (1): 1-172. Ditto 1960. New Check List of British Agarics and Donk, M.A. (1961). The generic names proposed for Boleti. Part 3 Notes on genera and species in the Agaricaceae. Beihefte Nova Hedwigia. 2: 1-320. list. Transactions of the British Mycological Ditto (1966). Check List of European Society. 43: 159-430. hymenomycetous Heterobasidiae. Persoonia 4: Ditto (1984). Notes on British Agarics VIII. Notes 145-335. Royal Botanic Garden 41 (3), 565-624. Ditto (1974). Check List of European Polypores. Pearson, A.A. (1936). Cooke’s Illustrations of British Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Fungi. Transactions of the British Mycological Wetenschappen. 64: 1-469. Society 20: 33-95. Earle, F.S. (1909). The genera of the North American Pegler, D.N., Spooner, B.M. & Young, T.W.K. (1993)). gill fungi. Bulletin of the New York Botanical British Truffles. A Revision of British Hypogeous Garden 5: 373-451. Fungi. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Fries, E.M. (1815). Observationes mycologicae. Persoon, C.H. (1801). Synopsis Methodicum Hauniae, Sweden. Fungorum, Göttingen, Germany. Rea, C. (1922). British Basidomycetae, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Reid, D.A. (1969). Rozites caperata in Southern England. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 65; 146-148. Ditto (1974). The Marasmius ‘conigenus’ complex in Britain. Kew Bulletin 9: 279-281. Reid, D.A. & Austwick, P. (1963). Annotated list of the less common Scottish basidiomycetes (Exclusive of Rusts and Smuts). Glasgow Naturalist 18(6): 255 -336. Ricken. A (1914). Die Blätterpilze. O. Wiegel, Leipzig. Schaeffer, J.C. (1762-1777). Fungorum qui in Bavaria et Palatinatu circa Ratisbanum nascuntur Icones. 4 vols., Regensburg. Schumacher, C.E. (1801-1803). Enumeratio Plantarum Saelandiae. Copenhagen, Denmark. Singer S. (1945). The Boletineae of Florida with Notes on Extralimital species. II. The Boletaceae (Gyroporoideae). Farlowia 2(2): 223-303. Ditto (1967). Notes sur le genre Laccaria. Bulletin de Societie Mycologique d e. France 83: 104-123. Sowerby, J.E. (1795-1819). Coloured Figures of English Fungi or Mushrooms. 3 vols. & suppl., Davis, London. Sowerby, J. & Smith, J. E (1797-1809). English Botany, R. Hardwicke, London. Stevenson. J. (1879). Mycologia Scotica, Cryptogamic Soc. of Scotland, Edinburgh. Ditto. (1886). British Fungi. Hymenomycetes. Vol. I Blackwood & Sons, London. Waveren, Kits van. (1985). The Dutch, French and British species of Psathyrella. Persoonia Suppl. 2: 1-300. Watling, R. (1960). Notes on British Boleti I. Transactions of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh 39: 196-205. Ditto (1986). 150 Years of Paddock Stools: A history of agaric ecology and floristics in Scotland. Transactions of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh. 45: 1-42. Ditto (2002). Mycota of some British shrub-plant communities. Feddes Repetorium 113(1-2): 161- 164. Ditto (2014). Johan Frederick Klotzsch’s pre-1850 material in the Glasgow Museums collection and its significance. Glasgow Naturalist. 26: 93-100.F Wulfen, F.X. von. (1773). In N.E.de Jacquin, Miscellanea Austriaca ad botanicam, Vienna, Austria.