For those villages that are located less than 2 km away from the North Qazvin fault, with regard to the to regard with fault, QazvinNorth the from kmaway 2 than less located are villagesthat those For development future of direction the change from away orzone raptureonthe necessary are QazvinvillagesrelocateNorth thethat fault.is to the Therefore, it km 2 than less located are villages 45 Moreover, fault. Qazvin located North the are of zone Kharmanlough rupture Mazraeh and Lat Mazraeh Ange, Sperno, Miyan, Qutbi Razjerd, Kherman Hesamabad, zone rupture the with commousedwe that, Afterfault. the of hanging wall the on m 320 at measured was zone shear the of width the section, this in fault Qazvin North the of zone the as considered was which fault, Qazvin North the of zone shear the of end alsothe at studytuffs green Intact The found observed. were faults minor and small and fractures including zone) (Damage zones rural igneous in Moreove of cataclastic.crushing and severe type, trachyandesitic see and location andesitic can of rocks we the which in zones investigates shear of and evidence the investigate fault to possible Qazvin North of zone this in settlements shear the studies paper This Abstract Keywords: s the villages, in fall rock proposes retrofitting future in construction. of phenomenon the and fault the around earthquakes of acceleration University of . **** PhD in Geophysics, Associate Professor, Department Geophysics, of Institute of Geophysics, Survey Org Geological Exploration and Mineral Institute, Research Geosciences of Professor Associate Seismology, of Doctor *** Pr University. Beheshti Shahid Geosciences, Faculty of Assistant Tectonics, of Doctorate ** * Accepted Received

Fattahi**** Saeed Mohammad Sabouri*, Hossein Haji Ali Beigi**, PhD student in Geology, majored in Tectonics, Shahid Beheshti University. Beheshti Shahid Geology, in PhD student Tectonics, in majored Analysis of Location of Analysis Villages toof in Relation Rupture

healthy wall next to the shear zone. According to the field studies and observations of the shear the of observationsand studies field the toAccording zone. shear the to next wall healthy

Rupture zone, QazvinNorth Fault, Village, Vulnerability, Damage Fault Zone

Zone (Case Study: North ZoneQazvinStudy: Fault) (Case

area. In selected sections, the presence of transverse valleys along the fault made it made fault the along valleys transverse of presence the sections, selected In area.

- Sokhteh, Dastjerd Sokhteh, of

h Nrh avn al. h rsls hwd ht h vlae o Barajin, of villages the that showed results The fault. Qazvin North the anization.

- e Olia, Ahvarak, Khoran, Tazarkesh, Kikhanan, Najmabad, Kikhanan, Tazarkesh, Khoran, Ahvarak, Olia, e ofessor, Department of Sedimentary and Petroleum Basins, Basins, Petroleum and Sedimentary of Department ofessor,

s of these villages outward, away from the rupture zone. rupture the from away outward, villages these of s ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌

‌

‌

h

- [email protected] n software to compare the location of villages of location thecompare to software n

Morteza Talebian***, Morteza

r, traces of faulted and fractured and faulted of traces r,

2021 2020/ / n the on 01 10 tudy / / 12 26

41 spring 2021 ♦ No, 173 ♦ Housing and Rural Environment

42 spring 2021 ♦ No, 173 ♦ Housing and Rural Environment

investors and property owners with with of 2002). Batatian, criteri designation owners acceptable and scientific for valid to according property boundaries needed and information provide and faults investors of location the accurately identify to help studies of rupture fault that instead meters the of location thousand the determine to studies two detailed conducting to up boundary the designate officials and areas, urban rural in faults of location exact the on information insufficient is there since zone, as (Mojarb such displacement fault, and Zare 2009). and of rupture effects surface the by engineering affected less are structures that so Fault fault seismic a displacement. for considered is them. that boundary the is a boundary with have potential should distance buildings and zones, and fault in importance special of is Construction zone to necessary of terms in faults seismic investigate is it Therefore, falls. rock landslides and as the such phenomena causes of slop areas and mountainous displacement in Faults permanent ground. the fault and the of mechanism rupture surface and fracture ground the by influenced fault, strongly is seismic motion the near areas prevent In important boundaries. to most v the studies their of preliminary of one regardless boundaries, faults near increasing Review Literature the QazvinNorth fault. of zone shear the in inves villages of to location attempt an is locating paper This an rupture. in fault by during surface and destroyed displacement fault are reason, neglected homes many this earthquake, been For settlements. has that issue an is zone rupture fault the respecting I settlements. urban and rural the basic requirements for development the of Alborz of zone of one is places safe in Construction 1). (Map structural the in province, Introduction ulnerability observeulnerability such to is settlements of eadn te designat the Regarding is process construction the that Given Qazvin in located is area study The In most studies on fault boundaries, boundaries, fault on studies most In

al. t s ot mentioning worth is It fault.

a (Nestle & Lem, 2010; 2010; Lem, & (Nestle a

ion of fault rupture rupture fault of ion ti regard, this n tigate the the tigate the fault fault the safe safe ing by Bafti et al. The important point in this this in point important The al. et Bafti by introduced first was which method, new the applying by risk at be to considered are areas points that were previously many co way, This calculated. be can faults of types different of width minimum the faults, the of parameters longitudinal the with the fault) to (perpendicular parameters transverse f coefficient or safety coefficient obtained from special the considering and Tanθ) / F + (2D U = S formula the in factor this entering By the joints. zone fault and fault the of width on the of depth based considered properly been not has width and slope, fou fault seismic latest activity, the in role important an play seismicity fault with associated displacement and geometry fault as such factors important ra gooy n re t ietf active identify to order in geology urban s structural requires This rupture. surface of risk the with deal to solution only the is boundary fault the of Observance city. this in earthquakes destructive of be causes can the fault Mosha and a fault Tehran North in fault Roodehen distance addition, In meters. cut Hesa and Ferdows area, clearly minimum sub the have in especially The deposits. which Quaternary Ferdows, which and on city home the to in is city The out. carried been has construction faults active important several and of existence the indicate in surveys metropolitan telemetry and to Field areas. adjacent areas Fault new developing in boundaries. considered r new and not cities fault still is the observance observe to is which to solution only the earthquake, an during faults of rupture surface of risk the is area decrease fault the of width the surface, fault the of slope the Studies increasing with that shown stylization. have and of structures amount the engineering estimate various up set to it use can engineers civil Finally, studies. to and quaterna neotectonics conduct of scrutinize to field necessary the is in studies it that is method ield studies of multiple faults and combining and faults multiple of studies ield One of the most important seismic hazards seismic important most the of One ndation. However ndation.

s (Bafti et al., 2010). al., et s (Bafti important faults such as Pardis, Hesa Pardis, as such important faults of three kilometers north of the city, the of north kilometers three of ural settlements, as well as in in as well as settlements, ural ry movements in field field in movements ry als i 4, 1 n 28 and 21 40, is faults, - , the amount of rupture rupture of amount the , wall section for Pardis, Pardis, for section wall

nsidered nsidered safe as uis and tudies They are like fault zones but occur without without occur but zones fault like are They and narrow displacements. are relative by formed zones long zones shear shear Ductile brittle and zone. zone shear ductile zones: ar There the component. than non higher a has and much rocks surrounding is strain of amount the which in curviplanar or sheetlike tabular, be can fault a of zone shear the 2004), theories (Kim, the to According determined. been r fault of the in vulnerability located villages the and investigated, been has fault Qazvin North the of zone shear the to study, this In likely 2009). Zare and more (Mojarb move are faults Denser risk. fault of terms in classified be can areas which by are study the fault in to faults of is density the boundary obtain determining fault the determine to of ways issue the of One important. become has boundaries the plains, be and mountains can between border faults the on Quaternary found that fact the and country the of hillsides the in are located mostly which , of cities the in information urbanization in obtained buildings new with (Iranbadi andZare 2014). the build accordance to possible st and the of shape importance depth, formulas, on based computational and 500 1: geotechnical of scale on a with studies based prepared be should area the map typeof soil mapand active fault and earthquake In of vicinity boundaries. construc of the methods designation determining better a these to of may issues lead geotechnical of consideration A combination sensitivity. structure and type foundation and structure of factors rate, which displacement (IBC) Code Building International the on based or 1985) al. et (Barbarian observations field and fault and of type the on based methods the to pay attention human can one regard, many this In losses. financial cause will earthquake these activat If become Ivaneki. faults three and , of Moinabadi 2016). (Ehteshami urban plans of development implementation the before faults With regard to the rapid growth of of growth rapid the to regard With faults the to adjacent is The Tehran of south

ructure. After that it is is it that After ructure. e two types of shear shear of types two e - includes fault slope, slope, fault includes prone areas, first the the first areas, prone

tion area in the the in area tion ed, the resulting resulting the ed, upture area has has area upture - axial shear shear axial a oe r otn o dfre o my be may or deformedfracture contain often zones not These sheared. often are zone shear the of shear walls the where occur that zones are zones shear Brittle deformations. large re and scale non the is rocks from deformed to gradient mylonite strain The a width. and length in kilometers of thousands record to size particle or granule a from size typically in range and deformation zones shaped band and linear with rocks of formation the in results and size granule a in decrease by sharp accompanied generally is zones shear of amount larger of development The zones. shear the in strain a of concentration the in is deformation reason that The reactivated). (unless fracture eerh fut utr ae hs been field has surveys, this geological area conduct by determined rupture to fault order research, scientif In villages. of valid acceptable the to identify area the according select accurately and fault the to of location help also will This rupture. surface their determine to and faults the of location the determine to us help which studies, detailed conduct damage, earthquake ResearchMethod deformation. without faults. smaller and folds structures veins, fractures, mechanical including of consists and core 3. 2. zone.gouges shear and the cataclasites, Itcontains occurs): displacement 1. (Figure1): following parts as such fract and predominates, faults a mechanism with crust, deformation brittle the where surface, brittle of earth's the above parts km 10 to 5 a shallow of depths at generally they the by in Moreover, form caused mechanism. deformation phenomena and n re t poet h vlae from villages the protect to order In 4. the of consists zone shear brittle A ference that researchers used to detect detect to used researchers that ference Transitional zone Transitional A damage zone on both on zone damage A fut oe te ra n hc te most the which in area (the core fault A Wall Wall rocks brittle of shear zone which are - scale shear zones compared to regional regional to compared zones shear scale

characteristics called mylonite. Shear Shear mylonite. called characteristics studies for future development future for studies ures (Choe & et al. 2016). (Choe &al. ures et

of such zones often results results often zones such of

t s eesr to necessary is it

sides of the fault fault the of sides c and ic - axial axial

s - 43 spring 2021 ♦ No, 173 ♦ Housing and Rural Environment

44 spring 2021 ♦ No, 173 ♦ Housing and Rural Environment

zone Qazvin North of rupture fault? - villagesha studied the of vulnerability the Moreover,

follows: as are questions research The measurements. necessary and studies

How many villages are located in the the in located are villages many How s been determined.s been F2 . The study area and the location of the North Qazvin fau Qazvin North ofthe location the and area The study F1. F1. Major parts of a shear zone (Choe et al. al. 2016) et zone(Choe shear ofa parts Major

settlements and facilities in the study area? study the in facilities and settlements - zone? fault the - damagezone Qazvin North in fault? -

In what way villages would be developed i developed be would villages way what In What is the extent of vulnerability of existing existing of vulnerability of extent the is What What are the characteristics of the fault fault the of characteristics the are What

lt

n plateaus with small outcrops in the north and north the in outcrops small with plateaus marl carbonate of rows are rocks Cretaceous Jurassic Middle the province, Qazvin in Everywhere up. piled been have canvases Cimmerian former The Jurassic) Iran. in sedimentary (Middle shale and of composed and mainly events, Cimmerian orogenic Triassic) (Upper Middle Cimmerian Upper lar two to limited is and that tectonostratigraphic of Triassic. small middle the units Jurassic middle are rows Upper Triassic few to stops a sedimentary with less deposits or continue more platform which Formation) Precambrian (Soltanieh Late the with begin sequences rocky everywhere and different clearly not are province the (central of Iran) part southern the Cenozoic and (Alborz) part especially and Paleozoic rocks, role. playvolcanics, anessential which Mesozoic in mountainous a southern has physiography The province hills. the of clayey border and crust salt and sometimes of young covered with which is deposits alluvial intensity of area flat the reach gradually The that heights mountainous has mountains and plains the and south. in highest is metamorphism driven are east of series a of up made are Qazvin north the of mountains two these same basin. and Iran, Alborz (Central central and is between Alborz separation of border line real a determine this the is it However, that fromso estimated certainly plain. heights northern Qazvin the separates which Qazvin, north of fault thrust the the southern with coincides zones two seems these of It border the to and Iran. that central of zone belong plain sedimentary which Qazvin highlands, province, the of includes of most margin and southern the Alborz in province the of heights northern the studies, the According to Iran. central of edge northern the and Alborz th at located is province Case Study the Geology of etnsrtgahc nt i te n the in units Tectonostratigraphic the view, of point morphological a From Qazvin view, of point geological a From adtn (hmhk omto) and Formation) ( sandstone

with desert with desert formations as such - Iran) are two bodies of the the of bodies two are Iran) - w est ridges and drifts that that drifts and ridges est e junction of western western of junction e

Qazvin plain, plain, Qazvin to impossible

structural orthern orthern - Upper ge - based on its observations, but other other but observations, its believe (2003), al. et Allen as such geologists on based stack Antiformal the of structures duplex of has considered the structure form Alborzof the in 1996) (Alavi, Although Basin. Caspian mounshaped V open of series a is Alborz zone. structural the of foot the mainly at heights. outcrops are limited have which and basins intermountain the in accumulated Qazvin orogeny, of Cenozoic rocks Cenozoic are the province of igneous Most Pyrenean the detrital to orogenic event have sometimes been injected. related intrusions which Eocene granite into Formation) (Karaj with assemblages begin sou ih n east an with North Qazvin Fault (Sabouri periods 2018). Quaternary and normal the Neogene during old reactivated same been have the that faults are faults thrust the of most that indicates slope steep This range. parallel slope faults steep a have These respectively. range, mountain the in located west are which trend, southwest east have faults been slip and thrust main The have faults. these of reactivation more folds of are most the and range faults Alborz mountain the the to These parallel in range. seen mountain frequently and are faults south, Right the structure. mud a positive indicates which north, to the to slope a have slope faul a the conversely, have part the northern and the in faults thrust the north Accordingly, south). the the (towards in block Iran central in the towards basin movement Caspian southern of directions fo original of consist ranges Stocklin's some mountain been these Accordingly, to with model. have compared presented changes sections and reconstructed structural Therefore, various Iran. northern in zone structural in h suy ra s oae i te Alborz the in located is area study The The North Qazvin Fault (Map 1) is a faul a is 1) (Map Fault Qazvin North The a model such as mud structures for this this for structures mud as such model a th (peak) of the province. Cenozoic rocks Cenozoic province. the of (peak) th - central and eastern parts of the the of parts eastern and central

- tains on the southern edge of the the edge of southern onthe tains rows contemporaneous with the the with contemporaneous rows d ad hut als ih two with faults thrust and lds west direction and a length of of length a and direction west

ts in the southern part part southern the in ts

- et o northeast to west formed by the the by formed o h mountain the to - slip and thrust thrust and slip - - t

45 spring 2021 ♦ No, 173 ♦ Housing and Rural Environment

46 spring 2021 ♦ No, 173 ♦ Housing and Rural Environment

4 (Figures section this in zone shear the of core another catalastics as crushed observed severely were fact, shear the In of core zone. the as considered part be this can that seems It rocks. andesitic gray and dark these in observed were deformation (Figure Cretaceous Plio the driven on rocks igneous has fault Qazvin the North point, this At possible. well were zones Qazvin shear of evidence the to North related studies fault, the along valleys transverse Barajin, of presence the due to zone. sections, Inthese Razjerd, the investigate to studied were sections Several Astalak. Najmabad, and Hesamabad, Chenask, are fault the near located fault. are that villages the of Some this of importance the increases of fault area the in of villages location many The fault. the of zone shear the it fault, seismic a is and km 60 than more of length a and Analysis Discussion of north the in 1371). al. et Qazvin(Barbarian movement fault the well to due not occurred VII), = I0 and 6.5 = (Ms magnitude is AD 1119 10, December history of seismic earthquake the that probable is It understood. little its to due seen but data, fault, seismic be a is Qazvin can Qazvin of 1992). al. et (Barbarian foothills most the In length. its i fault Qazvin North of the sections, geological most for south) the (in sediments volcanic alluvial Quaternary and north) between the (in Formation Karaj of boundary rocks pyroclastic the prominent formed most is the Ghaem alon Qazvin. of of features one topographic is 2700 of meters) height a with ridge Qazvin Qalasi of northeast (Qezler km 30 of distance a at 1250 sudden of ridge nearest the altitude and level) sea of above The meters average city an the (with 1985). between Qazvin altitude al., in difference et (Barbarian Tehran north short of fault thrust the a to similar is passes which fault This Qazvin. of north km, the from distance 60 than more

Considering that the North Qazvin fault has has fault Qazvin North the that Considering of north the in fault thrust young The and g the north Qazvin fault. This fault has has fault This fault. Qazvin north the g 5

). Fractured rocks and smaller faults faults smaller and rocks Fractured ). is of special importance to identify identify to importance special of is 3 . eee rgetto and fragmentation Severe ).

ee conglomerate cene

evidence of the the of evidence in Qazvin with with Qazvin in

ot Qazvin North

shear shear n -

damage fault the as zone (Figure considered be can which observed also were

At this section, crushed igneous rocks (right) (right) rocks igneous crushed thissection, At At this section, crushed igneous rocks (right) (right) rocks igneous crushed thissection, At igneous rockigneous Light color Light F F F Qazvin fault near the village of Najmabad. of village the near fault Qazvin Qazvin fault near the village of Najmabad. of village the near fault Qazvin of the North Qazvin fault near Najmabad fault Qazvin North the of are thrusted onto the cong the onto thrusted are are thrusted onto the conglomerate (left). (left). conglomerate the onto thrusted are The location of Thelocation 5 3 4 . . .

Crushing and faulting faulting Crushingand Location of the shear zone of the North North the zoneof shear ofthe Location Location of the shear zone of the North North the zoneof shear ofthe Location

village. (west view) (west village.

(east view) (east (east view) (east the image is marked A on on image A ismarked the map 1

Darkigneous

in the shear zone zone shear the in rock

lomerate (left). lomerate(left).

6

).

merate Conglo alluvium

in the study area was compared with the the with compared was area Row study the in using and villages the of fault location the software, Qazvin ArcGis North the of zone measured at 320meters. waswall fault the infaultQazvin of north the of zone shear the A), symbol the with 1 No. map on (marked section this in observations t According the fault. of Qazvin zone North shear the a along as wall considered and retaining healthy was a part, in intact seen relatively be which can which Karaj, part, of tuffs suffered slight a fracture, were observed. This green Moreover, 5 4 3 2 1 shear the of determination the to According

Mazraeh Kharmanlough Mazraeh Ch1. Ch1. Kherman Mazraeh LatMazraeh Hesamabad Village Barajin Frequency of villages located on the North Qazvin fault and located within 2 2 within located and Qazvin fault North the on located villages of Frequency - Sokhteh

Qazvin fault near Najmabad village. (west view) (west village. Najmabad near fault Qazvin

F 6 . location of image of the location Crushed rocks in the shear zone of the North North of the zone shear the in Crushedrocks Row T 10 9 8 7 6 te field the o 1. 1.

Villages on the Fault ( Fault the on Villages km of Qazvin kmof

Dastjerd Tazarkesh Kikhanan Ahvarak Khoran Village

is marked A on map 1 on A marked is

- e Olia e on the fault zone (Table 1 and 1 (Table zone fault the located on are villages 15 province, Qazvin of villages 875 of andout zonefault the shear of h fut n te ecnae f villages of percentage the 2km. within located and fault the on located villages of percentage the shows 1 Chart possible. are areas sloping in inc falls rock fault, and landslides of possibility the acceleration, the near 2 and (Table fault Qazvin North the from away km 2 than less located damages. are villages serious 45 Also, suffer will villages these earthquake, an of event the in fault, Qazvin seismicity the to due Therefore,

province figure 8 figure F igur

7 ) ) where issues related to the area area the to related issues where )

Row 15 14 13 12 11

The

uig ih seismic high luding Qutbi Miyan Qutbi Najmabad Razjerd Vil Sperno Ange lage

figur of the North North the of

No. 7 ). ).

47 spring 2021 ♦ No, 173 ♦ Housing and Rural Environment

48 spring 2021 ♦ No, 173 ♦ Housing and Rural Environment

ih h psiiiy f adlds an landslides of recommended. areas the observed possibility be should villages the in rockslides from is the distance with the structure Moreover, resistant a fault, the near area the of fault, hazards the due to the from away km 2 than less located reviewing or preparing in purpose, this For fault. Qazvin village North the of rupture the outside the the of correct direction or development point future another to village the neces is it lives, human save to and earthquake the during rupture surface to due deaths prevent to order in fault, Qazvin To minimize earthquake damage in villages in damage earthquake minimize To North the on located villages the For 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Row

CheshmehGholamali RahdarkhanehKouhi AsadabadKhorin KhounehDoush Soukhtehchenar DarehM MortezaAbad ZarjehBostan Pirmardound Kourbolagh DoudehTaj Soltanabad Shekarnab Bakkendi Village Estalk F7. F7. algeh T2. T2.

Lo

cation of 15 villages located on the North Qazvin fault Qazvin North the on located villages of15 cation

Villages located within 2 km of the Fault ( 2 kmFault the within of located Villages

sary to move to sary 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 Row

MarkazFerestandeh Telo d GhazgalehBozorg MorghdariAnge

Gharib Mazrae Emam ZamenEmam Bandzaviar Rashghoun Shadkouh Chenasak Kalaroud Amirnan Kajiran Village Kiadeh

Charis Veres the master plan of these villages, the the villages, for criterion a these as considered be zone can fault Qazvin of shear plan designated master the n a te ot f lps sol be should slopes, of foot slo the prevented. in at located the and is which of the of fault, rupture development surface of area the the in village villages, of these plans guide the reviewing and preparing in the future construction. in purpose, For this be can fault Qazvin northern prohibited. the of zone shear the on construction new villages, in and these of development villages future the determining of development future for

45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 Row F

igur

8 ) Mazraeh Mohandes Shiba

HosseinabadEghbal MazraehZavareh

OuzounDareh Shahghadam Esmaeilabad MadanSang Shafieabad Abdolabad Akbarabad Naderabad Arousabad Dodaheh Joudaki Taratan Vill

age the northern northern the

ping areas areas ping

ne Mzah a ad Mazraeh and Lat zone rupture the on located Mazraeh are Khermanluq Ange, Mi Ghotbi Razjerd, Kikhanan, Najmabad, Kherman , Khavar Ahvarz, Olia, of Dastjerd Hesamabad, villages the result, Barajin, a As fault. Qazvin withwere comparedrupturethe area of loc villages the fault, Qazvin North of zone shear are that area the in villages many are there Since fault. the of wall meta meas was zone shear the of width the section, this in and fault Qazvin North the studies of zone shear field the of the observations to According zone. shear the was to next wall healthy a as which considered fault, Qazvin North the of zone relatively e the and at observed were intact intact were that and tuffs green faulted sub and of traces small and fractures including zones fractured Also, analyzed. were that Cataclastics fragmented are trac there and type andesitic igneous sections of rocks in different fragmentation in severe including fault Qazvin the on North performed studies the to According Conclusion

- als ee bevd Furthermore, observed. were faults

F8. F8. rd t 2 m n the on m 320 at ured Location of 45 villages located less than 2 km of fault km of 2 less than located villages of45 Location do h shear the of nd a, Sperno, yan, td n the on ated hyandesite, - Sokhteh, North North

Surface Rupture within the city of Pardis, Tehran Tehran Pardis, of city the within Rupture Surface - ofIran. Survey Geological ofthe Publications - References future construction. the of and also possibility landslides the and with areas fault from distance the near structure acceleration earthquake the to resistant due considered be a should damage, prevent to earthquake km, 2 than less located villages f Qazvin North of future these zone shear the of on construction for new villages, direction development criterion future the determining in a be and villages can of development fault as Qazvin North considered the for zone thes of plan master reviewingthe or preparing in purpose, ForthisQazvinNorth fault. the ruptureof the outside village the of direction development future the correct or point another the to move village to necessary is it earthquake, the villages r surface to the due deaths prevent For fault. the to order in fault, Qazvin North the on located of km 2 than less located are villages 45 Also, fault. the of

Agha Nabati, A., (2004). "Geology of Iran", Iran", of "Geology (2004). A., Nabati, Agha hehm Menbd, osn Rs of Risk Mohsen. Moeinabadi, Ehteshami vlae, h dsgae shear designated the villages, e

rockslides in the villages in in villages the in rockslides ault can be prohibited. For prohibited. be can ault

upture during upture

49 spring 2021 ♦ No, 173 ♦ Housing and Rural Environment

50 spring 2021 ♦ No, 173 ♦ Housing and Rural Environment

Geodynamics series, volum3. series, Geodynamics Union, Geoghysical American Iran. of Tectonics - 210 18, Sci., Earth. J. Can. Iran. of evolution tectonic and paleogeography a - Appendix 11p. A, Ordinance, Hazards Geologic County Lake Salt Studies. Hazard Rupture Fault Surface rigid a - of effects region Zone. collision withina block basement Caspian south the in - 1 21, ofGeodynamics, Journal Iran, northern style and synthesis Tectonostratighraphic (1996). M., Alavi, Tehran North the 2009. 1, No. Year, Fourth Jihad, Universityfault. of boundary engineering the - Beheshti Tehran. Disasters, ofNatural Institute proje research Shahid areas", rural in rupture Thesis, - PhD Tehran University, to Karaj (from Qazvin)", Alborz Central of Part Southern - Third and Second Year, FourthEngineering, Earthquake and Seismology of Journal faults. seismic Iranian of area the in hazard structural and Earthquake Mehdi., Zare, 56. No. Report surround its seismic and seismicity hazard structure, newest the study of and "Research (1985). 1., Shajie, Mohajra - 61. No. surround seismic and seismicity hazard structure, newest the study of and "Research (1992). 1., Mohajerashjaei, Geological - the by ofIran. Survey published Qazvin, 100,000 - 100,000 1: Survey ofIran. of Geological the of map publications Takestan, "Geological M., Soltani, - 2014 94. No. Sciences, s the in fault Pishva ofstudy faults, slip confinementon - 2016. IssueAhvaz. of University Chamran Shahid Geology, Applied Advanced of Journal development. urban in faults t province:

Berberian, M., and King, G. C. P., 1981. Toward Toward 1981. C.P., G. King, and M., Berberian, Emami, M.H., Alaei Mahabadi, Y., Fanoodi, M., M., Fanoodi, Y., Mahabadi, Alaei Emami,M.H., Allen, B. M., (2003). late Cenozoic deformation Cenozoic late (2003). M., B. Allen, Emami, MH, Radjfar, J., "Geological map "Geological J., Radjfar, MH, Emami, aor, .. (05, Jna etnc i the in Tectonics "Janba (2015), S.M., Sabouri, Barbarian, M., Qureshi, M., Arjang Rosh, B., B., Rosh, Arjang M., Qureshi, M., Barbarian, B., Rosh, Arjang M., Qureshi, M., Barbarian, orb Msod, ae Mhi, Determining Mehdi., Zare, Massoud., Mojrab, aor, .. (08, Ietfcto o fault of "Identification (2018), S.M., Sabouri, rn ai D Nz, ae Mhi, Structural Mehdi., Zare, Naz., De Badi, Iran aain D, 02 Mnmm Standard Minimum 2002, D., Batatian. ebra, M.,1 Berberian, uh f ern Qatry ora o Earth of Journal Quarterly Tehran. of outh Issues,2001. - -

of area Qazvin in fault its and Qazvin Greater in fault ings", Geological Survey of Iran, Report Report Iran, of Survey Geological ings", e ed o epc te onais of boundaries the respect to need he f h Abr Muti sse in system Mountain Alborz the of ot Tbi fut n fut ra of area fault and fault Tabriz North ings", Geological Survey of Iran, Iran, of Survey Geological ings",

981. Active faulting and and faulting Active 981.

- 265.

Greater Tehran and and Tehran Greater

ct, Research ct,

- for s of 1: 1: of 33

p. 70 County,AngelesLos Works, Public of Department report, geotechnical of preparation - Geology,26,503 ofStructural methodological new - a and approac review damage fault A of zones: classification and "Definition -

Choi,J.H., Edwards, P., Ko, K., Kim, Y.S., 2016 2016 Y.S., Kim, K., Ko, P., Edwards, Choi,J.H., Kim et al., 2004. "Fault damage zones", Journal Journal zones", damage "Fault 2004. al., et Kim

ete C, e. . 21, aul for Manual 2010, G., Lem. C., Nestle. ، ", Earth ", - Science Reviews,152, 70 ScienceReviews,152, - 517. 517.

- 87.