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Replacive Grammatical Tone in the Dogon Languages
University of California Los Angeles Replacive grammatical tone in the Dogon languages A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics by Laura Elizabeth McPherson 2014 c Copyright by Laura Elizabeth McPherson 2014 Abstract of the Dissertation Replacive grammatical tone in the Dogon languages by Laura Elizabeth McPherson Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics University of California, Los Angeles, 2014 Professor Russell Schuh, Co-chair Professor Bruce Hayes, Co-chair This dissertation focuses on replacive grammatical tone in the Dogon languages of Mali, where a word’s lexical tone is replaced with a tonal overlay in specific morphosyntactic contexts. Unlike more typologically common systems of replacive tone, where overlays are triggered by morphemes or morphological features and are confined to a single word, Dogon overlays in the DP may span multiple words and are triggered by other words in the phrase. DP elements are divided into two categories: controllers (those elements that trigger tonal overlays) and non-controllers (those elements that impose no tonal demands on surrounding words). I show that controller status and the phonological content of the associated tonal overlay is dependent on syntactic category. Further, I show that a controller can only impose its overlay on words that it c-commands, or itself. I argue that the sensitivity to specific details of syntactic category and structure indicate that Dogon replacive tone is not synchronically a phonological system, though its origins almost certainly lie in regular phrasal phonology. Drawing on inspiration from Construction Morphology, I develop a morphological framework in which morphology is defined as the id- iosyncratic mapping of phonological, syntactic, and semantic information, explicitly learned by speakers in the form of a construction. -
Still No Evidence for an Ancient Language Expansion from Africa
Supporting Online Material for Still no evidence for an ancient language expansion from Africa Michael Cysouw, Dan Dediu and Steven Moran email: [email protected] Table of contents 1. Materials and Methods 1.1. Data 1.2. Measuring phoneme inventory size 1.3. Geographic distribution of phoneme inventory size 1.4. Correlation with speaker community size 1.5. Distribution over macroareas 1.6. Global clines of phoneme inventory size 1.7. Global clines of other WALS features 1.8. Searching for an origin: analysis of Atkinson’s BIC-based methodology 1.9. Software packages used 2. Supporting Text 2.1. About the term ‘phonemic diversity’ 2.2. Stability of phoneme inventory size 2.3. About the serial founder effect in human evolution and language 3. Tables 4. References 2 1. Materials and Methods 1.1. Data The linguistic parameter that Atkinson (S1) investigates is the size of the phoneme inventory of a language. Although the acoustic variation of possible linguistic utterances is basically continuous in nature, humans discretely categorize this continuous variation into distinctive groups, called phonemes. This discretization is language-specific, i.e. different languages have their own structure of distinctive groups. Empirically it turns out that some languages have more groups (i.e they divide phonetic space into more fine-grained distinctive phonemes), while other distinguish less phonemic clusters of sounds. To investigate variation in phoneme inventory size, it would have been straightforward for Atkinson to use data on the actual number of phonemic distinctions in different languages. Much of what is known about phoneme inventories is based on the UCLA Phonological Segment Inventory Database (UPSID; S2). -
The Syntactic Diversity of Sauxov in West Africa Hannah Sande Georgetown University Nico Baier Mcgill University Peter Jenks UC Berkeley
Chapter 34 The syntactic diversity of SAuxOV in West Africa Hannah Sande Georgetown University Nico Baier McGill University Peter Jenks UC Berkeley Surface SAuxOV orders abound in West Africa. We demonstrate that apparent ex- amples of this word order have important structural differences across languages. We show that SAuxOV orders in some languages are due to mixed clausal headed- ness, consisting of a head initial TP and head-final VP, though this order can be concealed by verb movement. Other languages are more consistently head-initial, and what appear to be SAuxOV orders arise in limited syntactic contexts due to specific syntactic constructions such as object shift or nominalized complements. Finally, we show that languages which have genuine SAuxOV, corresponding to a head-final VP, tend to exhibit head-final properties more generally. This obser- vation supports the idea that syntactic typology is most productively framed in terms of structural analyses of languages rather than the existence of surface word orders. 1 Introduction The order subject-auxiliary-object-verb (SAuxOV) is quite common across West Africa. At the same time, it is well-known that syntactic differences exist among the languages with this surface order (Creissels 2005). Our goal in this paper is to identify structural differences across languages for which SAuxOV order occurs, Hannah Sande, Nico Baier & Peter Jenks. 2019. The syntactic diversity of SAuxOV in West Africa. In Emily Clem, Peter Jenks & Hannah Sande (eds.), Theory and descrip- tion in African Linguistics: Selected papers from the 47th Annual Conference on African Linguistics, 667–701. Berlin: Language Science Press. -
Nilo-Saharan’
11 Linguistic Features and Typologies in Languages Commonly Referred to as ‘Nilo-Saharan’ Gerrit J. Dimmendaal, Colleen Ahland, Angelika Jakobi, and Constance Kutsch Lojenga 11.1 Introduction The phylum referred to today as Nilo- Saharan (occasionally also Nilosaharan) was established by Greenberg (1963). It consists of a core of language families already argued to be genetically related in his earlier classiication of African languages (Greenberg 1955:110–114), consisting of Eastern Sudanic, Central Sudanic, Kunama, and Berta, and grouped under the name Macrosudanic; this language family was renamed Chari- Nile in his 1963 contribution after a suggestion by the Africanist William Welmers. In his 1963 classiication, Greenberg hypothesized that Nilo- Saharan consists of Chari- Nile and ive other languages or language fam- ilies treated as independent units in his earlier study: Songhay (Songhai), Saharan, Maban, Fur, and Koman (Coman). Bender (1997) also included the Kadu languages in Sudan in his sur- vey of Nilo-Saharan languages; these were classiied as members of the Kordofanian branch of Niger-Kordofanian by Greenberg (1963) under the name Tumtum. Although some progress has been made in our knowledge of the Kadu languages, they remain relatively poorly studied, and there- fore they are not further discussed here, also because actual historical evi- dence for their Nilo- Saharan afiliation is rather weak. Whereas there is a core of language groups now widely assumed to belong to Nilo- Saharan as a phylum or macro- family, the genetic afiliation of families such as Koman and Songhay is also disputed (as for the Kadu languages). For this reason, these latter groups are discussed separately from what is widely considered to form the core of Nilo- Saharan, Central Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. -
A Grammar of Tadaksahak a Northern Songhay Language of Mali Christiansen-Bolli, R
A grammar of Tadaksahak a northern Songhay language of Mali Christiansen-Bolli, R. Citation Christiansen-Bolli, R. (2010, March 31). A grammar of Tadaksahak a northern Songhay language of Mali. Berber Studies. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/15180 Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown) Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the License: Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/15180 Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable). A Grammar of Tadaksahak a Northern Songhay Language of Mali Regula Christiansen-Bolli A Grammar of Tadaksahak, a Northern Songhay Language of Mali Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor aan de Universiteit Leiden, op gezag van Rector Magnificus prof. mr. P.F. van der Heijden, volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties te verdedigen op woensdag 31 maart 2010 klokke 13:45 uur door Regula Christiansen-Bolli geboren te Aarberg, Zwitserland in 1957 Promotiecommissie Promotor: Prof. dr. M. Mous Co-promotor: Dr. M.G. Kossmann Overige leden: Prof. dr. A. Mettouchi (École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paris) Prof. dr. Th.C. Schadeberg Prof. dr. H.J. Stroomer Contents i Table of Contents Table of Contents ...............................................................................i Abbreviations ....................................................................................xi Map................................................................................................ -
Tonal Underspecification and Interpolation in Tommo So
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Tonal Underspecification and Interpolation in Tommo So A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in Linguistics by Laura Elizabeth McPherson 2011 The thesis of Laura Elizabeth McPherson is approved. Patricia Keating Bruce P. Hayes, Committee Co-chair Russell G. Schuh, Committee Co-chair University of California, Los Angeles 2011 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Introduction 1 2 Chichewa /H/ vs. /Ø/ 3 3 Background: the phonology and phonetics of Tommo So tone 5 3.1 Lexical tone . 5 3.2 Phonetic realization of tone . 7 4 Enclitics 10 4.1 Enclitics and interpolation . 12 4.2 Phrase boundaries and boundary tones . 16 4.2.1 H ]H............................... 17 4.2.2 L ]H............................... 19 4.3 Sequences of enclitics . 20 4.4 Tone shift and specification . 22 4.5 Enclitics: a summary . 24 5 Other underspecified elements 25 5.1 Human suffixes .............................. 25 5.2 Epenthetic vowels . 29 6 Deriving underspecification: an analysis in Stratal OT 30 6.1 Level 1: stems . 31 6.2 Level 2: epenthesis and human suffixes . 37 6.3 Level 3: clitics and postlexical phonology . 41 6.4 Stratal OT summary . 45 7 Weak target analysis 46 8 Conclusion 50 iii LIST OF FIGURES 1 Examples of the interpolation of intervocalic /h/ in Farsi bihude ‘useless’ and Swedish komih˚a g att ‘remember to do something’, taken from Keating (1988:283), copyright c 1988 Cambridge University Press. Reprinted with ! the permission of Cambridge University Press. ............... 52 2 Sample pitch tracks of (a) one syllable between H2 and H3, (b) two syllables between H2 and H3, and (c) three syllables between H2 and H3 (Myers 1998:376), copyright c 1998 Cambridge University Press. -
Prayer Cards | Joshua Project
Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations Anii in Benin Dendi, Dandawa in Benin Population: 47,000 Population: 274,000 World Popl: 66,000 World Popl: 414,700 Total Countries: 2 Total Countries: 3 People Cluster: Guinean People Cluster: Songhai Main Language: Anii Main Language: Dendi Main Religion: Islam Main Religion: Islam Status: Unreached Status: Unreached Evangelicals: 1.00% Evangelicals: 0.03% Chr Adherents: 2.00% Chr Adherents: 0.07% Scripture: Unspecified Scripture: New Testament www.joshuaproject.net www.joshuaproject.net Source: Kerry Olson Source: Jacques Taberlet "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations Foodo in Benin Fulani, Gorgal in Benin Population: 45,000 Population: 43,000 World Popl: 46,100 World Popl: 43,000 Total Countries: 2 Total Countries: 1 People Cluster: Guinean People Cluster: Fulani / Fulbe Main Language: Foodo Main Language: Fulfulde, Western Niger Main Religion: Islam Main Religion: Islam Status: Unreached Status: Unreached Evangelicals: 0.01% Evangelicals: 0.00% Chr Adherents: 0.02% Chr Adherents: 0.00% Scripture: Portions Scripture: New Testament www.joshuaproject.net www.joshuaproject.net Source: Bethany World Prayer Center Source: Bethany World Prayer Center "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations Fulfulde, Borgu in Benin Gbe, Seto in Benin Population: 650,000 Population: 40,000 World Popl: 767,700 World -
Berber Languages and Linguistics Mena B
Berber Languages and Linguistics Mena B. Lafkioui LAST MODIFIED: 24 MAY 2018 DOI: 10.1093/OBO/9780199772810-0219 Introduction Berber (aka Tamazight) is a branch of the Afro-Asiatic language phylum and counts about forty languages, which entirely cover North Africa, stretching from Morocco to Egypt, as well as from the Mediterranean Sea to the Sahara and the northern and western Sahel, including Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso. The number of Berber speakers is estimated at more than forty million, of which the majority lives in Morocco (about 70 percent speaks Berber, mainly along with other languages). Berber has a general “continuum” makeup, which means that one Berber language gradually merges into another Berber language when they are contiguous. As a result, Berber forms a tightly knit and coherent bloc, which makes its subclassification very tricky. On the typological level, three major subdivisions can be made. The first is Northern Berber, which mainly contains Tarifit (including Senhaja Berber; North, Northeast, and Northwest Morocco), Tamazight of the Middle Atlas (Central Morocco), Figuig Berber (East Morocco), Kabyle Berber (North Algeria), Tashawit (Aures, Northeast Algeria), and some oasis languages like Berber of Mzab (South Algeria) and of Ouargla (South Algeria). The second is Southern Berber, which comprises languages such as Zenaga (Mauritania), Tashelhit (South Morocco), and Tetserret and Tuareg Berber (Sahara, Sahel). The third is Eastern Berber, which includes languages such as Berber spoken in Siwa (West Egypt), Sokna and El-Fogaha (Fezzan, Central Libya), Yefren and Zuara (Tripolitania, North Libya), and Ghadames (East Libya), as well as all the Berber languages of Tunisia (e.g., Jerba, Tamazret, and Sened). -
Subdivisions Biblical Studies, Theology
Subdivisions for Biblical Studies, Theology, and Ministry: Making Search Terms Do the Work by Leslie A. Engelson 1 © 2014 by Leslie A. Engelson All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 197 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for public press), without written permission from the publishers. Published by: American Theological Library Association, 300 South Wacker Drive, Suite 2100, Chicago, IL 60606-6701 USA Cataloging in Publication Engelson, Leslie A. Subdivisions for biblical studies, theology, and ministry : making search terms do the work / by Leslie A. Engelson. 1 online resource (p. cm.) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN – 10: 978-0-9863310-0-8 1. Subject heading subdivisions. 2. Bible.--Study and teaching. 3. Theology. 4. Church work. 5. Clergy--Office. I. Title. Z695.1.C627 E54 2014 025.49—dc23 Dedication To God, for your faithfulness and grace. Because of you, my story is worth telling. To Megan, for your love and kindness. You are the inspiration for, and the best part of, my story. Table of Contents Preface .................................................................................................................................................i How to Use the Subdivisions in this Book ..............................................................vi Preaching & Teaching Resources ..................................................................................1 Ceremonies, Sacraments, & Ordinances -
Investigating the Relatedness of the Endangered Dogon Languages
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2013 Investigating the Relatedness of the Endangered Dogon Languages Moran, Steven ; Prokić, Jelena Abstract: In this article we apply up-to-date methods of quantitative language comparison, inspired by algorithms successfully applied in bioinformatics to decode DNA and determine the genetic relatedness of humans, to language data in an attempt to shed light on the current situation of a family of languages called Dogon, which are spoken in Mali, West Africa. Our aim is to determine the linguistic subgroupings of these languages, which we believe will shed light on their prehistory, highlight the linguistic diversity of these groups and which may ultimately inform studies on the cultural boundaries of these languages. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqt061 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-84673 Journal Article Originally published at: Moran, Steven; Prokić, Jelena (2013). Investigating the Relatedness of the Endangered Dogon Languages. Literary and Linguistic Computing, 28(4):676-691. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqt061 Literary and Linguistic Computing Advance Access published September 17, 2013 Investigating the relatedness of the ............................................................................................................................................................endangered Dogon languages Steven Moran University -
Transcultural Psychiatry
Transcultural Psychiatry http://tps.sagepub.com/ Mental Disorders and Traditional Healing Systems Among the Dogon (Mali, West Africa) Roberto Beneduce Transcultural Psychiatry 1996 33: 189 DOI: 10.1177/136346159603300204 The online version of this article can be found at: http://tps.sagepub.com/content/33/2/189 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com On behalf of: Division of Social & Transcultural Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University World Psychiatric Association Additional services and information for Transcultural Psychiatry can be found at: Email Alerts: http://tps.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://tps.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations: http://tps.sagepub.com/content/33/2/189.refs.html Downloaded from tps.sagepub.com by Roberto Beneduce on October 10, 2010 Mental Disorders and Traditional Healing Systems Among the Dogon (Mali, West Africa) ROBERTO BENEDUCE Based on research at the Regional Center of Traditional Medi- cine of Bandiagara (Mali), this paper outlines characteristics of the Dogon systems of traditional health care, with particu- lar reference to mental disorders. After considering the characteristics of some therapeutic figures (diviners, healers, etc.) and discussing the major nosologic categories inherent in mental disorders, the role of a complementary (semantic, hermeneutic) approach is emphasized together with the need to correlate the use and social significance of nosologic and therapeutic ritual categories with present cultural changes. INTRODUCTION During several missions to the high Dogon plateau in Mali (Beneduce, 1988; 1989; 1995), I studied the prevalence of mental disorders in the population of the geographical area which constitutes the Fifth Region. -
Historical Linguistics and the Comparative Study of African Languages
Historical Linguistics and the Comparative Study of African Languages UNCORRECTED PROOFS © JOHN BENJAMINS PUBLISHING COMPANY 1st proofs UNCORRECTED PROOFS © JOHN BENJAMINS PUBLISHING COMPANY 1st proofs Historical Linguistics and the Comparative Study of African Languages Gerrit J. Dimmendaal University of Cologne John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam / Philadelphia UNCORRECTED PROOFS © JOHN BENJAMINS PUBLISHING COMPANY 1st proofs TM The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American 8 National Standard for Information Sciences — Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Dimmendaal, Gerrit Jan. Historical linguistics and the comparative study of African languages / Gerrit J. Dimmendaal. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. African languages--Grammar, Comparative. 2. Historical linguistics. I. Title. PL8008.D56 2011 496--dc22 2011002759 isbn 978 90 272 1178 1 (Hb; alk. paper) isbn 978 90 272 1179 8 (Pb; alk. paper) isbn 978 90 272 8722 9 (Eb) © 2011 – John Benjamins B.V. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publisher. John Benjamins Publishing Company • P.O. Box 36224 • 1020 me Amsterdam • The Netherlands John Benjamins North America • P.O. Box 27519 • Philadelphia PA 19118-0519 • USA UNCORRECTED PROOFS © JOHN BENJAMINS PUBLISHING COMPANY 1st proofs Table of contents Preface ix Figures xiii Maps xv Tables