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International Journal for Scientific Research & Development IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 8, Issue 8, 2020 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613 Design and Numerical Analysis of Bimetallic Strip Using Finite Element Method Deriya Ashish Rameshbhai UG Scholar Department of Mechanical Engineering Parul Institute of Engineering and Technology, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India Abstract— The goal of this project was to design and materials. The length was chosen as 50mm so as to analyse a bi-metallic strip so that the free end of the strip achieve the necessary deflection. [1] would deflect when there is a 20°F change in temperature By a Literature review we presume the deflection of relative to its reference temperature. The strip had to be not Bimetallic Strip smliar with properties as us, to achieve more than 2 inches long with one end fixed, and both metals deflection in range of 50-65 microns. had the same width, b. We were allowed to freely choose both materials as long as they were metallic. The deflection A. Market Survey could be controlled by changing their materials (which The defrost thermostat used currently in all auto defrost changes the coefficient of thermal expansion and the elastic refrigerators, currently employ a snap action bimetallic modulus) and the height of the material. The first step was disc. to set the two deflection values equal to each other and find Various manufactures of refrigerators use the bimetallic the force in the bi-metallic switch. The Deflection was then disc in thermostats as it provides instantaneous found out. Various other parameters like Radius of deflection and produces the necessary amount of force Curvature, Felicity, Stresses produced in the strip were also to lift the strip above it. calculated. These analytical figures were then compared We took into consideration a defrost thermostat which with software analysis and the results were observed. uses a simply supported beam instead of disc. Keywords: Bimetallic Strip, FEA, Stresses On Beam, Ansys Then cantilever type beam was chosen so as a Workbench, Cantilever Beam & Simply Supported Beam, replacement option for the disc type. Thermal Analysis, Brass & Steel Material The disc type though satisfies various parameters, it has a general tendency to fail. I. INTRODUCTION Thus, as an alternative cantilever type was chosen and A bimetallic strip is used in a refrigerator thermostat to said report is presented. convert a temperature change into mechanical B. Objectives displacement of the strip. The bimetallic strip consists of two dissimilar metals strips of different metals which To design a Bimetallic Strip for a Defrost Thermostat. expand and contract at various rates due to the heating To analyze stresses developed in Bimetallic strip. of the strip, commonly steel and copper, or in special Determine the various parameters of Bimetallic strip. cases steel and brass. The strips are combined together To compare results with classical methods. throughout their length by riveting, brazing or welding. The various expansions force the flat strip to bend one II. DEFROSTING IN A REFRIGERATOR [3] side if heated, and in the opposite direction if cooled A. Cooling Cycle below its initial temperature. The metal with the greater coefficient of thermal expansion is on the outward side of the curve when the strip is heated and on the inward side when cooled. Fig. 1: Symmetric diagram of bimetallic strip The aim of this project was to design and analyse a bimetallic strip for the thermostat that would achieve a Fig. 2: Circuit diagram of refrigerator cooling cycle. deflection when temperature would touch 100C. So as During cooling mode, the defrost timer disconnect a contact that it would stop the electrical contact and avoid to the compressor circuit so it’ll run. The circuit to the further heating of evaporator. defrost heater is now open. While and fan motors on and off The constraints were that the strip had to be not greater to take care of an suitable temperature. than 3 mm thick and we were free to choose the All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 431 Design and Numerical Analysis of Bimetallic Strip Using Finite Element Method (IJSRD/Vol. 8/Issue 8/2020/092) B. Defrost Cycle When a set colder temperature is touched, the defrost termination thermostat closes once again. This is OK since the defrost timer is not any longer supplying power to the defrost circuit, the heater doesn’t get energized. When the defrost timer again advances into the defrost mode, the limit thermostat will already be closed and can permit power to be supplied to the defrost heater to melt any frost that has created on the evaporator cooling coil again. D. Defrost Component Locations Fig. 2: Circuit diagram of refrigerator defrost cycle. The defrost timer eventually switches into the defrost mode and it delivers power into the defrost heater to melt all frost that has accumulated on the evaporator cooling coil. The cold control contacts stay closed however since the defrost timer isn’t any further feeding power to that circuit, the compressor does not run. Fig. 5: Location of defrost component(Thermostat) The most frost free refrigerators, the evaporator (cooling) coil is inner side of the freezer compartment covered by a panel. The freezer fan motor is typically within in the same general area. The defrost heater is located onto or woven right into the evaporator coil in the freezer. The defrost termination limit switch is normally located on the side of the evaporator coil or on one of the connecting tubing. Fig. 3: Circuit diagram of refrigerator defrost cycle. Once the defrost termination thermostat (a.k.a. defrost limit switch) feels a set temperature, it opens the circuit to the defrost heaters, shutting them off. The timer remains within the defrost cycle until the timer advances back to the cooling mode. Since the limit switch is open, the heaters are not any longer on for the rest of the cycle. C. Cooling Cycle Fig. 6: Defrost limit thermostat. When the timer once again advances in return to the cooling The defrost timer may be in different places mode, the compressor will be start to move along with any including behind the kickplate at the front side of the air circulation fans. The defrost limit switch will be continue cabinet, inside the fridge compartment possibly in a control in the open condition till it’s retuned by cold temperatures. panel along with the thermostat or on older models, at the rear within the motor compartment by the compressor. E. The Defrost Heater Fig. 7: Glass tube heater. Fig. 4.Circuit diagram of defrost cycle. All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 432 Design and Numerical Analysis of Bimetallic Strip Using Finite Element Method (IJSRD/Vol. 8/Issue 8/2020/092) The defrost heater is a wire filament closed in in a design, evaporator fan motor is won’t begin moving after a quartz, glass, aluminium or any different material, tube sheat defrost cycle until the evaporator has had chance to begin which become hot when powered. It will either have cooling once more time. Whereas it’s the good design idea resistance (show continuity) or be good or it will have thus as to not blow the lukewarm defrost air throughout infinite resistance (no continuity) and be defective. How whole refrigerator, a failure in one a part of the defrost many resistance it has is not relevant as its resistance will system can ordinarily render the whole refrigerator not normally change except to being open when it fails. ineffective because of the shortage of air flow. F. The Defrost Termination Thermostat III. ANALYSIS & DESIGN The defrost termination thermostat is really a tiny little SPST electric switch and that’s motivated by temperature. As heat is added, one of the metals will expand faster than Depending on the temperature it is, it’ll either have none the other leading to a force equal in magnitude but opposite resistance (show continuity) and be good or it will have in direction acting on both metals. This means that the infinite resistance (no continuity) and be defective. At room change in length of each metal strip depends on the thermal temperature it will normally be open (which is normal and expansion as well as the deformation from axial loading. We not a sign of being defective) and only close when it gets also know that these deformations will be equal to one cold. How cold it has to be to close will depend on its another since the strips are permanently attached. We can special calibration but commonly near or below freezing solve for the force acting on these strips in terms of material point. and physical properties of the metals. Fig. 9: Design model of bimetallic strip. Fig. 8: Defrost termination thermostat. The temperature Range at which the thermostat is A few latest model refrigerator and some older expected to perform is 320F to 400F. At 320 the bimetal is model refrigerator run power for the evaporator (freezer) fan supposed to connect the circuit and at 400F the strip should motor through the defrost heater part and also defrost limit break the circuit and thus stop the electric current flow and switch. If either of these any component should let down, switch off the heater. remaining open, the fan won’t move, it'll stop the spreading of cold air throughout whole refrigerator. During this system Young’s Modulus Length Width Thickness Sr. No Material Co-efficient of expansion (inch/inch oF) (psi) (inch) (inch) (inch) 1. Brass 14.93 x106 11 x10-6 ? 0.59 0.059 2. Steel 29 x106 6.1 x10-6 ? 0.59 0.059 Table 1: Material Property IV.
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