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Modern Indian History
1. Lord Mayo was the only Viceroy of India to be murdered in office. While visiting the convict settlement at Port Blair in the Andaman Islands in 1872 for the purpose of inspection, he was assassinated by a Pathan convict.
2. Nana Phadnavis was an influential minister and statesman of the Maratha Empire during the Peshwa administration. He was called “the Maratha Machiavelli” by the Europeans.
3. Nana Phadnavis played a pivotal role in holding the Maratha Confederacy together in the midst of internal dissension and the growing power of British.
4. The song Jana-gana-mana, composed originally in Bengali by Rabindranath Tagore, was adopted in its Hindi version by the Constituent Assembly as the national anthem of India on Tuesday, 24 January 1950.
5. The National Anthem Jana Gana Mana was first sung in the Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress on 27 December 1911.
6. Ghadar journal was published in Urdu in 1913. After this, it was published in English, Punjabi, Marathi and Pashto also.
7. Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule is a book written by Gandhiji in 1909 in his native language, Gujarati while traveling from London to South Africa.
8. In the year 1910, Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule was banned by the British on the ground of seditious text. It comprised his views on Swaraj, Modern Civilization, Mechanisation etc.
9. Sarojini Naidu presided over the Indian National Congress at the Kanpur session in 1925.
10. Jana Gana Mana was translated into Hindi by Abid Ali.
11. Barinder Kumar Ghosh was born at Norwood near London on 5th January in 1880.He was a younger brother of Aurobindo Ghosh. In 1906, to spread the revolutionary ideas and to provide fervor to the Swadeshi movement ,he started a Bengali weekly-“the jugantar”.
12. In 1933 Barindra Kumar Ghose launched English weekly, The Dawn of India. He was also associated with The Statesman newspaper and earned the title as a columnist.
13. In 1950 Barindra Kumar Ghose became the editor of the Bengali daily Dainik Basumati.
14. Hindu Mahasabha was founded in 1914 by Madan Mohan Malviya.
15. The first All India Hindu Mahasabha Conference was organized at Hardwar in 1915. The Sabha became more aggressive after 1929 and started propagating Hindu Rashtra which was totally differ from Gandhiji’s Ram Rajya.
16. The company took over the princely states of Satara (1848), Jaitpur and Sambalpur (1849), Nagpur and Jhansi (1854), Tanjore and Arcot (1855) and Awadh (Oudh, 1856, with the reason that the ruler was not ruling properly) and Udaipur using this doctrine. Mysore was not among them.
17. The Provisional Government of Free India, Azad Hind was created in October 1943. During the time of World War II, from the year 1943 to 1944, Port Blair served as the headquarters of the Azad Hind government. ExamsCart.com
18. The Lucknow session of INC was presided over by S.C. Majumdar. Reunion between Moderates and the Extremists took place. Apart from that INC and Muslim League revamped their nexus by demanding common issues to the Government.
19. The seven members of Simon commission were Sir John Simon, Clement Attlee, Harry Levy-Lawson, Edward Cadogan, Vernon Hartshorn, George Lane-Fox, Donald Howard. Clement Attlee served the post of British Prime Minister from 1945 to 1951. On February 20, 1947 Atlee declared the British would quit India before June 1948.
20. “The Great Game” refers to the political and diplomatic conflict between UK and Russia during the 19th century over Afghanistan and other nearby territories.
21. Freedom in Exile is an autobiography of the Dalai Lama.
22. Durga Vahini is the name of the women’s wing of the Vishva Hindu Parishad
23. Operation Meghdoot was the name given to the first assault launched in the world’s highest battlefield, Siachen Glacier by the Indian Armed Forces in 1984.
24. Acharya JB Kripalani was the president of Indian National Congress during the transfer of power in 1947. He was one of the most ardent Gandhians.
25. In the first Carnatic War, a French attack on Madras led to the surrender of the British. The British leadership was taken prisoner and sent to Pondicherry.
26. In 1834, British East India Company and the Raja of Coorg in 1834 entered into a conflict which was a short but bloody war. The Raja who was defeated was permitted to retire to Benares. Coorg was annexed to British Empire. The annexation of the Coorg was the only annexation affected by Lord William Bentinck.
27.. The Swaraj Party was founded by Chittaranjan Das and Motilal Nehru as the Congress-Khilafat Swaraj Party on 1st January 1923 after the Gaya annual conference in December 1922 of the INC.
28. The formation of the Swaraj Party came after the failure of the non-cooperation movement and events like the Government of India act 1919 and the elections of 1923.
29. The Zamindari Association or the Landholders Society, was established on 12th November 1837 to safeguard the interests of the landlords.
30. The Zamindari Association founded by Dwarkanath Tagore, Prasanna Kumar Tagore, Radhakanta Deb. The Landholders Society and Bengal British India Society merged with British India Association.
31. The British Indian Association was founded in 1851 at Calcutta.
32. The Nehru Report was published on 10 August 1928. As per the report, the legislative power of the Commonwealth shall be looked after by Parliament, consisting of a King, a Senate and a House of Representatives.
33. Rishi Aurobindo was a philosopher, yogi, guru, poet, and nationalist of India. He studied Indian Civil Service at King’s College, England. New Lamps for Old was written by him and published in 1893. He citicized the Moderate politics through a series of articles.
34. William Patrick Spens was a British lawyer. He served the post of the Chief Justice of India from 1943 to 1947. From the year 1947 to 1948 he served as the chairman of the Arbital Tribunal which was set up for the Indian judges disagreeing over the concept and substance of the Partition of India. ExamsCart.com
35. The Poona Pact was signed between B.R. Ambedkar and M.K. Gandhi in 1932 regarding the political representation of the Depressed Classes.
36. The Third Round Table Conference was held in 1932 (November – December). The August Offer was made by Lord Linlithgow in 1940. The offer promised the expansion of the Executive Council of the Viceroy of India and inclusion of more Indians.
37. On May 10, 1857, in Merrut, the Great Indian Mutiny of 1857 was broked out in open rebellion. The Indian sepoys marched towards Delhi and proclaimed Bahadur Shah Zafar as Emperor of India.
38. The book, “Sepoy Mutiny,1857: A Social Study and Analysis” was written by HP Chattopadhyaya.
39. Gopal Ganesh Agarkar started the newspaper titled “Sudharak” in the late 19th century.
40. The first Provisional Government of India was established in Kabul during the First World War in December 1915. It was the government-in-exile of Free Hindustan with Raja Mahendra Pratap as president, Maulana Barkatullah, Prime Minister, Maulana Ubaidullah Sindhi, Home Minister.
41. Khudiram Bose was a young Indian Bengali revolutionary, who was associated with the murder of Kingsford, the magistrate of Muzaffarpur. He was not involved in the Kakori Conspiracy.
42. Captain Thomas Best defeated Portuguese in 1612. He impressed local governors of Jahangir and subsequently British got mugahal firman to establish a factory in Surat.
43. In 1786, Lord Cornwallis was appointed as Governor-General and commander in chief in India. He is known for having instituted land , judiciary and administrative reforms and reorganized the British army and administration.
44. On June 3, 1947, Lord Mountbatten, the Viceroy of India, put forth the partition plan, known as the Mountbatten Plan. The plan was accepted both by the Congress and the Muslim League. The plan was immediately enforced in the form of Indian independence in 1947.
45. Almeida’s vision- Creating Portuguese hegemony in the Indian Ocean. His policy was known as Bluewater Policy.
46. Pedro Alvarez Cabral came to India in September 1500 with the aim of the trade of Pepper and Spices. He established a factory at Calicut.
47. The French were the last Europeans to come to India for trading. French East India Company was established in 1664.
48. The Charter Act of 1813 abolished the East India Company’s monopoly over trade in India. It renewed the company's charter for 20 years and Indian trade was thrown open to all the British subjects.
49. Constitutional autocracy introduced by Government of India Act, 1935 vested the executive authority of provinces in the Governors and of center, in the Governor-General on the behalf of the Crown.
50. Under the Regulating Act of 1773, the Governor of Bengal became the Governor-General of Bengal. The first such Governor-General was Lord Warren Hastings.