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Phasis 10 (II), 2007 Editorial Board: Rismag Gordeziani – Editor-in-Chief (Tbilisi) Dimitris Angelatos (Nicosia) Valeri Asatiani (Tbilisi) Irine Darchia (Tbilisi) Riccardo Di Donato (Pisa) Tina Dolidze (Tbilisi) Levan Gordeziani (Tbilisi) Sophie Shamanidi (Tbilisi) Nana Tonia (Tbilisi) Jürgen Werner (Berlin) Tamara Tcheishvili – Executive Secretary (Tbilisi) fazisi 10 (II), 2007 ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis klasikuri filologiis, bizantinistikisa da neogrecistikis institutis berZnuli da romauli Studiebi © programa "logosi", 2007 ISSN 1512-1046 Phasis 10 (II), 2007 EDITORIAL NOTE Those who wish to contribute to Phasis are requested to submit electronic and hard copy versions of their paper (in Microsoft Word for Windows format, font Times New Roman, with no more than 60 000 characters). If a paper requires special characters, please give them on the left margin next to the respective line. Notes must be continuously numbered in 1, 2, 3 … format and appear as footnotes to the respective text. The following way of citing bibliography is suggested: In case of a periodical or of a collection of papers: the name of the author (initials and full surname), the title of the paper, the title of the periodical, number, year, pages (without p.); In case of monographs: the name of the author (initials and full surname), the title of the work, publisher (name and city), year, pages (without p.). Papers must be submitted in the following languages: English, French, German, Italian and Modern Greek. Accepted papers will be published in the next volume without any editorial, stylistic or orthographic changes to the original text. Each contributor will receive one copy of the volume. Please send us your exact whereabouts: address, telephone number, fax number, e-mail. Our address: Institute of Classical, Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University 13 Chavchavadze ave. 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia Tel.: (+ 995 32) 22 11 81 Fax: (+ 995 32) 22 11 81 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.greekstudies-tsu.ge Phasis 10 (II), 2007 CONTENS Phasis 10 (II), 2007 Phasis 10 (II), 2007 CONTENTS VOLUME II THE ARGONAUTICA IN POST-ANCIENT EPOCH Valeri Asatiani (Tbilisi) THE ARGONAUT MYTH IN THE BYZANTINE LITERATURE 9 Michael V. Bibikov (Moscow) A LA RECHERCHE… D’ARGONAUTIQUE BYZANTINE PERDUE 14 Tudor Dinu (Bucharest) THE LEGEND OF THE ARGONAUTS IN PROCOPIUS’ OF CAESAREA GOTHIC WARS 20 Tea Dularidze (Tbilisi) THE ARGONAUTS’ VOYAGE IN THE TRANSITIONAL PERIOD OF GEORGIAN LITERATURE TH TH (THE 18 -19 CENTURIES) 27 Alexandra Evdokimova (Moscow) ΔΛΛΖΝΗΚΑ ΥΑΡΑΓΜΑΣΑ Χ ΖΜΔΗΑ ΣΧΝ ΒΤΕΑΝΣΗΝΧΝ ΟΓΟΗΠΟΡΧΝ 32 Maia Kakashvili (Tbilisi) FORMS OF REFLECTION OF THE ARGONAUT THEME IN THE BYZANTINE ROMANCE NOVEL 41 Zaza Khintibidze (Tbilisi) COMPOSITIONAL FUNCTION OF THE CIRCE-MYTH IN GREEK-ROMAN, MEDIEVAL EUROPEAN AND GEORGIAN EPIC TRADITIONS: TYPOLOGICAL SIMILARITY OR LITERARY RECEPTION? 48 Beate Kobusch (Essen) IASON – HELD ODER ANTIHELD? 57 Gvantsa Koplatadze (Tbilisi) CHRISTIAN TROPOLOGY OF THE ARGONAUT MYTH 69 Claudio Moreschini (Pisa) MEDEA IN ITALIAN LITERATURE 76 Chiara O. Tommasi (Pisa) MEDEA IN ITALIAN CULTURE: MUSIC, ICONOGRAPHY, AND CINEMA 83 Natalya Orlovskaya (Tbilisi) THE IMAGE OF MEDEA IN THE WORK OF A FOURTEENTH-CENTURY ENGLISH AUTHOR 93 Tamar Tarkhnishvili (Tbilisi) THE ARGONAUTICA AND ANCIENT MYTHOLOGY IN MEDIEVAL GEORGIA 98 Contents 7 THE ARGONAUTICA AND CONTEMPORARY WORLD Medea Abulashvili (Tbilisi) THE PHENOMENON OF RITUAL IN PIER PAOLO PASOLINI’S MEDEA AND LARS VON TRIER’S MEDEA 103 Fragiski Abatzopoulou (Thessaloniki) TΑ AΡΓΟΝΑΤΣΗΚΑ ΣΧΝ EΛΛΖΝΧΝ YΠΔΡΡΔΑΛΗΣΧΝ 107 Svetlana Berikashvili (Tbilisi) THE AUDIO-AESTHETIC EFFECT OF READING THE TEXT OF THE ARGONAUTICA 115 Gia Bughadze (Tbilisi) THE ARGONAUTS AND MEDEA IN MODERN GEORGIAN FINE ARTS 125 Ann Chikovani (Tbilisi) GRIGOL ROBAKIDZE’S NOVEL, MEGI - A GEORGIAN MAIDEN, AND THE INTERPRETATION OF MEDEA’S IMAGE IN MODERN GREEK LITERATURE 130 Mary Childs (Seattle) A THOROUGHLY GEORGIAN MEDEA?: CLASSICAL MOTIFS IN OTAR CHILADZE’S A MAN WENT DOWN THE ROAD 137 James J. Clauss (Seattle) WHEN NATURE BECOMES NATURAL: SPIRITUAL CATASTROPHE IN PASOLINI'S MEDEA 147 Irine Darchia (Tbilisi) SOME ARTISTIC PECULIARITIES OF BOST’S MEDEA 153 Tedo Dundua (Tbilisi) GOLDEN FLEECE IS BACK – RUSSIAN FICTION 161 Euripidis Garantoudis (Athens) ΣΑΘΜΟΗ ΣΟΤ TΑΞΗΓΗΟΤ ΣΖ MΤΘΗΚΖ ΑΡΓΧ ΣΖΝ EΛΛΖΝΗΚΖ ΟΤ ΠΟΗΖΖ ΣΟΤ 20 AΗΧΝΑ 163 Ketevan Gardapkhadze (Tbilisi) THE ARGONAUTICA IN THE WORKS OF GEORGIAN SYMBOLISTS 185 Nikolai Gochev (Sofia) APOLLONIUS RHODIUS IN THE MODERN LITERATURE: THE INTERPRETATION OF ROBERT GRAVES 190 Maka Kamushadze (Tbilisi) MEDEA IN A. EMBIRIKOS’ ARGO OR AEROSTAT FLIGHT 196 Nani Khelaia, Ramaz Shengelia, Revaz Gagnidze, Nino Chikhladze (Tbilisi) NEW INFORMATION ABOUT THE PLANTS FROM MEDEA’S GARDEN AND THEIR USE FOR MEDICAL PURPOSES IN TRADITIONAL AND MODERN MEDICINE 201 8 Contents Innes Merabishvili (Tbilisi) THE RECEPTION OF THE ARGONAUTS BY LORD BYRON 208 Medea Metreveli (Tbilisi) THE TENDENCIES TO REHABILITATE MEDEA’S IMAGE TH IN THE 20 CENTURY EUROPEAN LITERATURE (CH. WOLF, M. KARAGATSIS) 215 Ketevan Nadareishvili (Tbilisi) MEDEA IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN GEORGIAN CULTURE 222 Walter Puchner (Athens) Η ΜHΓΔΙΑ ΣΟΤ FRANZ GRILLPARZER (1821) ΣΖ MΔΣΑΦΡΑΖ ΣΟΤ ΚΧΝΣΑΝΣΊΝΟΤ ΥΑΣΕΟΠΟΤΛΟΤ (1915, 1927) 230 Volker Riedel (Jena) STEPHAN HERMLINS NACHERZÄHLUNG DER ARGONAUTENSAGE VON 1974 241 Sophie Shamanidi (Tbilisi) THE ETHNIC ASPECT OF PERCEPTION OF MEDEA AND HELEN 248 Erasmia-Louiza Stavropoulou (Athens) O AΡΓΟΝΑΤΣΗΚΟ ΜΤΘΟ ΣΖΝ ΠΟΗΖΖ ΣΟΤ ΓΗAΝΝΖ PΗΣΟΤ 255 Dorothea Tabakova (Sofia) MEDEE D’EURIPIDE SUR LES SCENES BULGARES 266 Tamara Tcheishvili (Tbilisi) MEDEA BY THEO VAN GOGH 271 Ketevan Tsintsadze (Tbilisi) MEDEA IN MODERN GREEK DRAMATURGY 275 Phasis 10 (II), 2007 THE ARGONAUTICA IN POST-ANCIENT EPOCH Valeri Asatiani (Tbilisi) THE ARGONAUT MYTH IN THE BYZANTINE LITERATURE The Argonaut myth was well-known in the Byzantine Greek literature, in prose as well as in poetry. The elements of antiquity were still strong in the literature of the 4th-6th centuries. The motifs and themes of the Hellenistic period frequently repeated in poems. Byzantine poets continued to treat ancient myths and legends in their epic works (A. Urushadze, The Ancient Land of Colchis in the Argonaut Myth, Tbilisi, 1964, 82). In the epic poem "Dionysiaca", Nonnos of Panopolis (the 4th-6th cc.) relates a fantastic legend about Dionysus’ journey to India aimed to disseminate the culture of vine. Special attention is paid to Phrixus, who is a prominent figure in the story of Jason and the Argonauts. He arrived in Colchis on a flying golden ram. The poet also mentions Circe: "I heard that the exiled lad, who held the reins of the miraculous ram carrying him through the air to the land of Colchis, is still alive" (X, 99-101) (... ); "Circe – sister of Aietes, having magic power" ( XIII, 331). It is worth mentioning that the poet Marianus, known by his metaphrastic works (the 5th-6th cc.), elaborated and extended the "Argonautica" by Apollonius Rhodius (5 608 iambic trimeter). Clement of Alexandria (the 2nd-3rd cc.), one of the Church fathers, refers to the Argonaut myth in the "Stromata" ("Miscellanies"): - "Medea, the daughter of Aietes, was the first to use dyes to change the colour of hair" ("Georgica", I, 24). - "Theseus, a rival of Heracles, lived one generation prior to the Trojan War... There was a period of 63 years from Dionysius to Heracles, Jason and other heroes of the Argonautic expedition. According to Apollonius’ "Argonautica", Asclepius and the Dioscuri also accompanied them." 10 Valeri Asatiani Methodius of Patara writes in his work "Symposium, or on Virginity" (the 3rd - 4th cc.) that the zodiac of Aries (the Ram) was exactly the ram that carried Phrixus and Helle, Athamas’ daughter, away from the Scythians. Among other writers who referred to the Argonaut legend were rhetoricians Libanius (314-393) and Themistius (317-388)1, the sophist philosopher Eunapius (345-420) and the historian of the Christian Church, Salminius Hermias Sozomenus (400-450). Procopius of Caesarea regards the Argonauts’ expedition as a historical fact and mentions such names as Aietes, Apsyrtus, Jason and Medea. According to Procopius, there was a fortress of Aietes in the ancient land of Colchis, Lazica, near the bank of the river Phasis (Rioni). ... In the work "On the Reign of Justinian", Agathias Scholasticus (536-582) mentions Jason, the ship "Argo", the city of Apsorunt (derived from the name of Apsyrtus) and talks about the glorious past of the land of Colchis. "The Laz people are a strong and brave tribe, and even dominate over other strong tribes. They are proud of their historical glory and are excessively arrogant, which, probably, is not groundless. Among the tribes subordinated to another state, I can not recall any other tribe thus renowned and splendid owing to the profusion of wealth and the multitude of its subjects, to the abundance and rich harvest as well as to the loveliness of their character and agility" ("Georgica", III). The kingdom of Aietes is mentioned in the history of Menander Protector (5th c.) – "A Truce between the Byzantines and the Persians": "When the Midians occupied the disputable territory of Colchis, intending to make them subjects of theirs, they failed to achieve anything for a long period, even after so many a struggle … Thus, if a man does not recall brazen-footed bulls and giants sprung from the ground, as well as many other wonders and unbelievable stories included in the myth about Aietes, he will be certain that the present state is even better" (Agathia, "Georgica", III, 50-51). So, the fragment refers to the well- known episode of the Argonaut myth. Stephanus of Byzantium (the 6th c.) offers several remarkable explanations. Here are the notes included in the "Ethnica": Aia – the capital of Colchis, built by Aietes, 300 stadia away from the sea; with two rivers, Hippus and Cyaneus , which make it a peninsula. In my opinion, it is the opposite, "Aietes" must have been derived from it, Aia Aietes in the same way as Asia Asiate.