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Distribución Ibérica De Gomphus Graslinii, Oxygastra Curtisii Y Macromia Splendens (Insecta: Odonata), Especies Protegidas Por La Directiva Hábitats

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Distribución Ibérica De Gomphus Graslinii, Oxygastra Curtisii Y Macromia Splendens (Insecta: Odonata), Especies Protegidas Por La Directiva Hábitats Boletín Rola nº 9, primer semestre 2017 Distribución ibérica de Gomphus graslinii, Oxygastra curtisii y Macromia splendens (Insecta: Odonata), especies protegidas por la Directiva Hábitats Matías de las Heras1, Adolfo Cordero-Rivera2, Martiño Cabana3, Anxos Romeo4, Xose Lois Rey-Muñiz5, Iñaki Mezquita6, José Antonio Gainzarain7, Víctor Salvador Vilariño8, Jesús Miguel Evangelio-Pinach9,13, Cecilia Díaz9, Adrià Miralles10, Antonio Torralba-Burrial11, Pere Luque12, Ezequiel Prieto13, Santiago Teruel13, Miguel Angel Conesa14, John Muddeman15, Carlos Tovar Breña16, Nuno de Santos Loureiro17, Ernestino Maravalhas18, Albano Soares18, Patricia Pereira18 & Nelson Fonseca19 1 Asociación de Educación Ambiental El Bosque Animado / ROLA [email protected] 2 ECOEVO Lab, E.E. Forestal, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Universitario, 36005 Pontevedra. 3 Grupo de Investigación en Bioloxía Evolutiva (GIBE), Departamento de Bioloxía. Facultade de Ciencias. Universidade da Coruña. Campus da Zapateira, s/n. 15071 A Coruña. 4 Tellado, 8. Romeán (Lugo) 27141 Lugo. 5 Xose Lois Rey: Sociedade Galega de Historia Natural. Sección Entomoloxía. Apdo. de correos nº 303. 36600 Vilagarcía de Arousa. 6 Departamento de Entomología de la Sociedad de Ciencias Aranzadi, Paseo de Zorroaga 11, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián. 7 Instituto Alavés de la Naturaleza C/ Pedro de Asúa 2, 3º 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz. 8 Sección de Protección Ambiental. Servicio Territorial de Medio Ambiente de Zamora. Consejería de Fomento y Medio Ambiente. Junta de Castilla y León. 9 Dirección Provincial de la Consejería de Agricultura, Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo Rural en Cuenca. Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha. 10 Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan 15 Boletín Rola nº 9, primer semestre 2017 Carlos, Tulipán s/n, 28933. Móstoles. 11 BIOSFERA Consultoría Medioambiental C/ Candamo, 5 - Bajos ES-33012 Oviedo (Asturias, España). 12 Grup d’Estudi dels Odonats de Catalunya Oxygastra-GEOC i Museu de les Terres de l’Ebre Gran Capità nº 34 43870-Amposta, Tarragona (España). 13 Grupo de Voluntariado “ Parotets” Universidad de Valencia, Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversitdad y Biologia evolutiva, Valencia, C/ Catedràtic José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia. 14 Diversidad Animal. UNED-Málaga / Asociación odonatológica de Andalucía. 15 Iberian Wildlife Tours, C/ Alcocer 1, 1-C Fresnedillas de la Oliva, 28214 Madrid, España. 16 C/Juan Manuel Rozas 31; 1ºO. 10004 Cáceres. España 17 DCTMA-FCT. Universidade do Algarve. Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 FARO, Portugal. 18 TAGIS - Centro de Conservação das borboletas de Portugal, Rua das Portas de Èvora nº 3, Avis (Alentejo). 19 Rua da Fabrica 37 1º Fte 8500-590 Portimão, Portugal. RESUMEN El presente trabajo ha consistido en una recopilación de la información sobre la distribución de las tres especies de anisópteros protegidos e incluidos en la Directiva Hábitats que están presentes en la Península Ibérica: Gomphus graslinii (Rambur, 1842), Oxygastra curtisii (Dale, 1834) y Macromia splendens (Pictet, 1843). Las tres especies han visto ampliada en gran medida sus áreas y localidades de presencia en las últimas décadas, debido principalmente al interés despertado entre profesionales y aficionados por los odonatos en general y por estas especies en particular, que se ha traducido en un incremento considerable del conocimiento de las mismas. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que el cuadrante noroccidental de la Península Ibérica es el área más representativa de presencia de las tres 16 Boletín Rola nº 9, primer semestre 2017 especies, seguido del cuadrante suroccidental y el norte del levante español. Un elevado número de localidades de presencia están incluidas dentro de los espacios protegidos por la Red Natura 2000, y es en el estado español donde las tres especies se encuentran más representadas. Se propone una revisión del estado de amenaza de Gomphus graslinii, la cual debería pasar de -Casi Amenazada- a -Vulnerable-, como se desprende de los trabajos consultados y de los datos aportados en este estudio. Para las otras dos especies, el estado de amenaza parece no haberse modificado. Se propone la necesidad de muestrear aquellas localidades con registros de presencia antigua donde las especies no han vuelto a ser citadas, para evaluar si aún persisten y en qué estado se encuentran. SUMMARY This paper reviews and compiles the information on the distribution of the three species of Anisoptera protected and included in the Habitats Directive that are present in the Iberian Peninsula namely Macromia splendens (Pictet, 1843), Oxygastra curtisii (Dale, 1834) and Gomphus graslinii (Rambur, 1842). In recent decades, these three species have greatly expanded their range and number of localities, primarily due to increased interest from both professionals and amateurs in dragonflies and damselflies found in the Iberian Peninsula. In summary, current evidence shows that the north-west quadrant represents the area of greatest frequency followed by the south-west and north east quadrants. A large number of localities are included within the sites protected by the Natura 2000 Network, and it is in Spain where the three species are most represented. As a result of the data contained in this paper, we propose that the threat status of Gomphus graslinii should be revised from "Near Threatened" to "Vulnerable". With regard to the other two species we propose their status remains unchanged. Finaly we emphasise the need to sample historical localities from which these species have not been recorded in recent years to ascertain if populations still exist and their viability. 17 Boletín Rola nº 9, primer semestre 2017 INTRODUCCIÓN Macromia splendens (Pictet, 1843), Oxygastra curtisii (Dale, 1834) y Gomphus graslinii (Rambur, 1842) son tres especies de odonatos anisópteros incluidas y protegidas por la Directiva Hábitats (Directiva 92/43/CEE). Se trata por tanto de especies de interés comunitario, para cuya preservación es necesario designar zonas especiales de conservación (Anexo II), y requieren de una protección estricta (Anexo IV). Las tres especies están recogidas en la Lista Roja de la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (UICN), catalogadas como -Vulnerable- en el caso de M. splendens, y -Casi Amenazada- en el caso de O. curtisii y G. graslinii (UICN, 2017). A nivel estatal, dos de las tres especies están recogidas en el Catálogo Español de Especies Amenazadas (Real Decreto 139/2011), M. splendens en la categoría de -En Peligro de Extinción-, y O. curtisii en la categoría de -Vulnerable-. G. graslinii no está catalogada como amenazada, aunque sí está recogida como Especie en Régimen de Protección Especial. Para el caso de Portugal y referente a los invertebrados, hasta la fecha no existe Catálogo de Especies Amenazadas ni Libro Rojo que recoja su estado, por lo que el nivel de protección de estas tres especies en el país luso responde únicamente a la legislación europea, transpuesta por Decreto Ley 49/2005. Ejemplar hembra de Macromia splendens (Foto: Pere Luque) 18 Boletín Rola nº 9, primer semestre 2017 Existen en la Península Ibérica citas de un cuarto OCHARAN, F.J., TORRALBA-BURRIAL, anisóptero incluido también en la Directiva. Se trata A., OCHARAN, R. & de Lindenia tetraphylla (Van der Linden, 1825), pero CORDERO RIVERA, A. (2009) Lindenia sus registros son puntuales y el más reciente data de tetraphylla (Van der mediados del siglo pasado (Ocharan et al., 2009). Linden, 1825). pp. 228- Muestreos efectuados en 2004 y 2005 en las localidades 231. En: Verdú, J.R. & Galante, E. (eds.). Atlas de presencia pretérita (Valencia), y en dos localidades de los Invertebrados más de la Comunidad Valenciana, resultaron negativos Amenazados de España (Especies En Peligro (Fontana-Bria et al., 2017). Por todo ello no ha sido Crítico y En Peligro). considerada en este trabajo. Dirección General para la Biodiversidad, Ministerio Macromia splendens y G. graslinii son dos endemismos de Medio Ambiente, europeos, constituyendo elementos exclusivos del sur Madrid. de Francia y la Península Ibérica, mientras que O. curtisii FONTANA-BRIA, L., se extiende además por otros países del centro y oeste FRAGO, E., PRIETO- LILLO, E., SELFA, J., de Europa y el Magreb (Marruecos). Las tres especies se (2017) Biogeographic consideran, biogeográficamente, elementos de origen evaluation of the ibero-magrebíes (Torralba Burrial y Ocharan, 2007). dragonflies and damselflies in the Eastern Respecto al estatus poblacional más recientemente Iberian Peninsula. evaluado en Europa (Boudot y Kalkman, 2015) y a Arxius de Miscel•lània Zoològica, 15:8-29. nivel mundial (UICN, 2017), M. splendens y G. graslinii presentan una tendencia poblacional decreciente, TORRALBA BURRIAL, A. & OCHARAN, F.J. mientras que O. curtisii parece mantener una tendencia (2007) Composición estable. En el caso de M. splendens, sus poblaciones se biogeográfica de la fauna encuentran severamente fragmentadas. de libélulas (Odonata) de la Península Ibérica, con especial referencia a la aragonesa. Bol. SEA, 41: OBJETIVO 179-188. El objetivo principal del presente trabajo es realizar BOUDOT, J.P. & V.J. una actualización de la distribución ibérica de las KALKMAN (EDS.) 2015. Atlas of the tres especies de odonatos mencionadas e incluidas European dragonflies en la Directiva Hábitats. A partir de ello, se pretende and damselflies. KNNV publishing, the 1) localizar las áreas de solapamiento mediante un Netherlands. análisis de la riqueza de especies, 2) determinar si las zonas
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