Common Name: METHYL FORMATE

CAS Number: 107-31-3 RTK Substance number: 1262 DOT Number: UN 1243 Date: March 1998 Revision: August 2004 ------

HAZARD SUMMARY * Methyl Formate can affect you when breathed in and by air samples. You can obtain copies of sampling results passing through your skin. from your employer. You have a legal right to this * Methyl Formate can irritate the eyes with possible eye information under OSHA 1910.1020. damage. * If you think you are experiencing any work-related health * Breathing Methyl Formate can irritate the nose and problems, see a doctor trained to recognize occupational throat. diseases. Take this Fact Sheet with you. * Breathing Methyl Formate can irritate the lungs causing * ODOR THRESHOLD = 2,000 ppm. coughing and/or shortness of breath. Higher exposures * The range of accepted odor threshold values is quite may cause a build-up of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary broad. Caution should be used in relying on odor alone as edema), a medical emergency, with severe shortness of a warning of potentially hazardous exposures. breath. * Exposure to higher levels can cause you to become dizzy WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS and lightheaded, and may cause unconsciousness and OSHA: The legal airborne permissible exposure limit death. (PEL) is 100 ppm averaged over an 8-hour * Prolonged or repeated contact may cause drying and workshift. cracking of the skin. * Methyl Formate is a HIGHLY FLAMMABLE LIQUID NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure limit is and a DANGEROUS FIRE HAZARD. 100 ppm averaged over a 10-hour workshift and 150 ppm, not to be exceeded during any 15 IDENTIFICATION minute work period. Methyl Formate is a colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. It is used as an insecticide, a solvent, and to manufacture various ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure limit is organic chemicals. 100 ppm averaged over an 8-hour workshift and 150 ppm as a STEL (short term exposure limit). REASON FOR CITATION * Methyl Formate is on the Hazardous Substance List * The above exposure limits are for air levels only. When because it is regulated by OSHA and cited by ACGIH, skin contact also occurs, you may be overexposed, even though air levels are less than the limits listed above. DOT, NIOSH, DEP, NFPA and EPA.

* This chemical is on the Special Health Hazard Substance List because it is FLAMMABLE. WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE * Definitions are provided on page 5. * Where possible, enclose operations and use local exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical release. If local exhaust HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING ventilation or enclosure is not used, respirators should be worn. EXPOSED * Wear protective work clothing. The New Jersey Right to Know Act requires most employers * Wash thoroughly immediately after exposure to Methyl to label chemicals in the workplace and requires public Formate and at the end of the workshift. employers to provide their employees with information and * Post hazard and warning information in the work area. In training concerning chemical hazards and controls. The addition, as part of an ongoing education and training federal OSHA Hazard Communication Standard, 1910.1200, effort, communicate all information on the health and requires private employers to provide similar training and safety hazards of Methyl Formate to potentially exposed information to their employees. workers.

* Exposure to hazardous substances should be routinely evaluated. This may include collecting personal and area METHYL FORMATE page 2 of 6

This Fact Sheet is a summary source of information of all If symptoms develop or overexposure is suspected, the potential and most severe health hazards that may result from following is recommended: exposure. Duration of exposure, concentration of the substance and other factors will affect your susceptibility to any of the * Consider chest x-ray after acute overexposure. potential effects described below. ------Any evaluation should include a careful history of past and present symptoms with an exam. Medical tests that look for HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION damage already done are not a substitute for controlling exposure. Acute Health Effects The following acute (short-term) health effects may occur Request copies of your medical testing. You have a legal right immediately or shortly after exposure to Methyl Formate: to this information under OSHA 1910.1020.

* Methyl Formate can irritate the eyes with possible eye Mixed Exposures damage. * Because smoking can cause heart disease, as well as lung * Breathing Methyl Formate can irritate the nose and throat. cancer, emphysema, and other respiratory problems, it may * Breathing Methyl Formate can irritate the lungs causing worsen respiratory conditions caused by chemical exposure. coughing and/or shortness of breath. Higher exposures may Even if you have smoked for a long time, stopping now will cause a build-up of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema), a reduce your risk of developing health problems. medical emergency, with severe shortness of breath. * Exposure to higher levels can cause you to become dizzy WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES and lightheaded, and may cause unconsciousness and death. Unless a less toxic chemical can be substituted for a hazardous Chronic Health Effects substance, ENGINEERING CONTROLS are the most The following chronic (long-term) health effects can occur at effective way of reducing exposure. The best protection is to some time after exposure to Methyl Formate and can last for enclose operations and/or provide local exhaust ventilation at months or years: the site of chemical release. Isolating operations can also reduce exposure. Using respirators or protective equipment is Cancer Hazard less effective than the controls mentioned above, but is * According to the information presently available to the New sometimes necessary. Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services, Methyl Formate has not been tested for its ability to cause cancer In evaluating the controls present in your workplace, consider: in animals. (1) how hazardous the substance is, (2) how much of the substance is released into the workplace and (3) whether Reproductive Hazard harmful skin or eye contact could occur. Special controls * According to the information presently available to the New should be in place for highly toxic chemicals or when Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services, Methyl significant skin, eye, or breathing exposures are possible. Formate has not been tested for its ability to affect reproduction. In addition, the following controls are recommended:

Other Long-Term Effects * Where possible, automatically pump liquid Methyl * Prolonged or repeated contact may cause drying and Formate from drums or other storage containers to process cracking of the skin. containers. * Methyl Formate can irritate the lungs. Repeated * Before entering a confined space where Methyl Formate exposures may cause bronchitis to develop with cough, may be present, check to make sure that an explosive phlegm, and/or shortness of breath. concentration does not exist.

MEDICAL Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce hazardous exposures. The following work practices are recommended:

Medical Testing * Workers whose clothing has been contaminated by Methyl For those with frequent or potentially high exposure (half the Formate should change into clean clothing promptly. TLV or greater), the following are recommended before * Contaminated work clothes should be laundered by beginning work and at regular times after that: individuals who have been informed of the hazards of exposure to Methyl Formate. * Lung function tests. * Eye wash fountains should be provided in the immediate work area for emergency use. * If there is the possibility of skin exposure, emergency shower facilities should be provided. METHYL FORMATE page 3 of 6

* On skin contact with Methyl Formate, immediately wash * Exposure to 4,500 ppm is immediately dangerous to life or shower to remove the chemical. At the end of the and health. If the possibility of exposure above 4,500 ppm workshift, wash any areas of the body that may have exists, use a NIOSH approved self-contained breathing contacted Methyl Formate, whether or not known skin apparatus with a full facepiece operated in a pressure- contact has occurred. demand or other positive-pressure mode equipped with an * Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Methyl Formate is emergency escape air cylinder. handled, processed, or stored, since the chemical can be swallowed. Wash hands carefully before eating, drinking, HANDLING AND STORAGE smoking, or using the toilet. * Prior to working with Methyl Formate you should be PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT trained on its proper handling and storage. * Methyl Formate is not compatible with OXIDIZING WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN AGENTS (such as PERCHLORATES, PEROXIDES, PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for PERMANGANATES, CHLORATES, NITRATES, some jobs (such as outside work, confined space entry, jobs CHLORINE, BROMINE and FLUORINE); STRONG done only once in a while, or jobs done while workplace ACIDS (such as HYDROCHLORIC, SULFURIC and controls are being installed), personal protective equipment NITRIC); and STRONG BASES (such as SODIUM may be appropriate. HYDROXIDE and POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE). * Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated OSHA 1910.132 requires employers to determine the area away from HEAT and MOIST AIR. appropriate personal protective equipment for each hazard and * Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames, are to train employees on how and when to use protective prohibited where Methyl Formate is used, handled, or equipment. stored. * Metal containers involving the transfer of Methyl Formate The following recommendations are only guidelines and may should be grounded and bonded. not apply to every situation. * Use only non-sparking tools and equipment, especially when opening and closing containers of Methyl Formate. Clothing * Avoid skin contact with Methyl Formate. Wear protective QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS gloves and clothing. Safety equipment

suppliers/manufacturers can provide recommendations on Q: If I have acute health effects, will I later get chronic the most protective glove/clothing material for your health effects? operation. A: Not always. Most chronic (long-term) effects result from * All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear) should be clean, available each day, and put on before repeated exposures to a chemical. work. Q: Can I get long-term effects without ever having short- Eye Protection term effects? * Wear indirect-vent, impact and splash resistant goggles A: Yes, because long-term effects can occur from repeated when working with liquids. exposures to a chemical at levels not high enough to make * Wear a face shield along with goggles when working with you immediately sick. corrosive, highly irritating or toxic substances. * Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this Q: What are my chances of getting sick when I have been substance. exposed to chemicals? A: The likelihood of becoming sick from chemicals is Respiratory Protection increased as the amount of exposure increases. This is IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS. determined by the length of time and the amount of Such equipment should only be used if the employer has a material to which someone is exposed. written program that takes into account workplace conditions, requirements for worker training, respirator fit testing and Q: When are higher exposures more likely? medical exams, as described in OSHA 1910.134. A: Conditions which increase risk of exposure include physical and mechanical processes (heating, pouring, * Where the potential exists for exposure over 100 ppm, use spraying, spills and evaporation from large surface areas a NIOSH approved supplied-air respirator with a full such as open containers), and "confined space" exposures facepiece operated in a pressure-demand or other positive- (working inside vats, reactors, boilers, small rooms, etc.). pressure mode. For increased protection use in combination with an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. METHYL FORMATE page 4 of 6

Q: Is the risk of getting sick higher for workers than for ------community residents? The following information is available from: A: Yes. Exposures in the community, except possibly in cases of fires or spills, are usually much lower than those New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services found in the workplace. However, people in the Occupational Health Service community may be exposed to contaminated water as well PO Box 360 as to chemicals in the air over long periods. This may be Trenton, NJ 08625-0360 a problem for children or people who are already ill. (609) 984-1863 (609) 984-7407 (fax)

Web address: http://www.state.nj.us/health/eoh/odisweb/

Industrial Hygiene Information Industrial hygienists are available to answer your questions regarding the control of chemical exposures using exhaust ventilation, special work practices, good housekeeping, good hygiene practices, and personal protective equipment including respirators. In addition, they can help to interpret the results of industrial hygiene survey data.

Medical Evaluation If you think you are becoming sick because of exposure to chemicals at your workplace, you may call personnel at the Department of Health and Senior Services, Occupational Health Service, who can help you find the information you need.

Public Presentations Presentations and educational programs on occupational health or the Right to Know Act can be organized for labor unions, trade associations and other groups.

Right to Know Information Resources The Right to Know Infoline (609) 984-2202 can answer questions about the identity and potential health effects of chemicals, list of educational materials in occupational health, references used to prepare the Fact Sheets, preparation of the Right to Know Survey, education and training programs, labeling requirements, and general information regarding the Right to Know Act. Violations of the law should be reported to (609) 984-2202. ------

METHYL FORMATE page 5 of 6

DEFINITIONS

ACGIH is the American Conference of Governmental NAERG is the North American Emergency Response Industrial Hygienists. It recommends upper limits (called Guidebook. It was jointly developed by Transport Canada, the TLVs) for exposure to workplace chemicals. United States Department of Transportation and the Secretariat of Communications and Transportation of Mexico. It is a A carcinogen is a substance that causes cancer. guide for first responders to quickly identify the specific or generic hazards of material involved in a transportation The CAS number is assigned by the Chemical Abstracts incident, and to protect themselves and the general public Service to identify a specific chemical. during the initial response phase of the incident.

CFR is the Code of Federal Regulations, which consists of the NFPA is the National Fire Protection Association. It classifies regulations of the United States government. substances according to their fire and explosion hazard.

A combustible substance is a solid, liquid or gas that will burn. NIOSH is the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. It tests equipment, evaluates and approves respirators, A corrosive substance is a gas, liquid or solid that causes conducts studies of workplace hazards, and proposes standards irreversible damage to human tissue or containers. to OSHA.

DEP is the New Jersey Department of Environmental NTP is the National Toxicology Program which tests Protection. chemicals and reviews evidence for cancer.

DOT is the Department of Transportation, the federal agency OSHA is the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, that regulates the transportation of chemicals. which adopts and enforces health and safety standards.

EPA is the Environmental Protection Agency, the federal PEL is the Permissible Exposure Limit which is enforceable by agency responsible for regulating environmental hazards. the Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

A fetus is an unborn human or animal. PIH is a DOT designation for chemicals which are Poison Inhalation Hazards. A flammable substance is a solid, liquid, vapor or gas that will ignite easily and burn rapidly. ppm means parts of a substance per million parts of air. It is a measure of concentration by volume in air. The flash point is the temperature at which a liquid or solid gives off vapor that can form a flammable mixture with air. A reactive substance is a solid, liquid or gas that releases energy under certain conditions. IARC is the International Agency for Research on Cancer, a scientific group that classifies chemicals according to their STEL is a Short Term Exposure Limit which is usually a 15- cancer-causing potential. minute exposure that should not be exceeded at any time during a work day. IRIS is the Integrated Risk Information System database of the federal EPA. A teratogen is a substance that causes birth defects by damaging the fetus. A miscible substance is a liquid or gas that will evenly dissolve in another. TLV is the Threshold Limit Value, the workplace exposure limit recommended by ACGIH. mg/m3 means milligrams of a chemical in a cubic meter of air. It is a measure of concentration (weight/volume). The vapor pressure is a measure of how readily a liquid or a solid mixes with air at its surface. A higher vapor pressure A mutagen is a substance that causes mutations. A mutation is indicates a higher concentration of the substance in air and a change in the genetic material in a body cell. Mutations can therefore increases the likelihood of breathing it in. lead to birth defects, miscarriages, or cancer.

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Common Name: METHYL FORMATE ======DOT Number: UN 1243 FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately call your fire NAERG Code: 129 department. You can request emergency information from the CAS Number: 107-31-3 following:

CHEMTREC: (800) 424-9300 Hazard rating NJDHSS NFPA NJDEP HOTLINE: 1-877-WARN-DEP FLAMMABILITY - 4 ======

REACTIVITY - 0 HANDLING AND STORAGE (See page 3) FLAMMABLE POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE FIRST AID CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE

For POISON INFORMATION call 1-800-222-1222 Hazard Rating Key: 0=minimal; 1=slight; 2=moderate; 3=serious; 4=severe Eye Contact

* Immediately flush with large amounts of water. Continue FIRE HAZARDS without stopping for at least 30 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention * Methyl Formate is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID. immediately. * Use dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or other foaming agent, as water may not be effective in fighting Skin Contact fires. * Quickly remove contaminated clothing. Immediately wash * POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE. contaminated skin with large amounts of soap and water. * CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE. * Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Breathing * Vapors may travel to a source of ignition and flash back. * Remove the person from exposure. * Vapor is heavier than air and may travel a distance to cause * Begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions) if a fire or explosion far from the source. breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped. * If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be * Transfer promptly to a medical facility. trained and equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156. * Medical observation is recommended for 24 to 48 hours after breathing overexposure, as pulmonary edema may be SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES delayed.

If Methyl Formate is spilled or leaked, take the following PHYSICAL DATA steps:

Vapor Pressure: 476 mm Hg at 68oF (20oC) * Evacuate persons not wearing protective equipment from o o area of spill or leak until clean-up is complete. Flash Point: -2 F (-19 C) * Remove all ignition sources. Water Solubility: Soluble * Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar material and deposit in sealed containers. OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES * Ventilate and wash area after clean-up is complete. * Keep Methyl Formate out of a confined space, such as a Chemical Name: sewer, because of the possibility of an explosion, unless the Formic Acid, Methyl Ester sewer is designed to prevent the build-up of explosive Other Names: concentrations. Methyl Methanoate * It may be necessary to contain and dispose of Methyl Formate as a HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state ------Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) or your Not intended to be copied and sold for commercial regional office of the federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for specific recommendations. purposes. * If employees are required to clean-up spills, they must be ------properly trained and equipped. OSHA 1910.120(q) may be NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND SENIOR SERVICES applicable. Right to Know Program

PO Box 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368 (609) 984-2202 ------