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Annual Report 1995

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Annual Report 1995 Annual Report 1995 Fighting Hunger with Research ... a team effort Funding support through the Agency for International Development Grant No: DAN 1254-G-OO-0021-00 Dr. C. Y. Sullivan (1931.1995) The 1995 INTSORMIL Annual Report is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Charles Sullivan in remembrance of his conLribution to INTSORMIL and sorghum/millet research. Cover Photographs (top to bottom) 1. Dr. Charles Sullivan and Mr. Siriba Dione (Mali sorghum physiologist) discussing thesis research on sorghum. (photo courtesy of Dr. Jerry Maranville.) 2. Example of drying of pearl millet heads in the field after harvest in Niger. (Photo courtesy of Dr. John Yohe.) 3. Grain storage huts in pearl millet field in Niger. (Photo courtesy of Dr. John Yohe.) 4. Niger farm wives processing millet grain with wooden mortar and pestle after removing from storage. (Photo courtesy of Dr. John Yohe.) INTSORMIL ADltual Report 1995 Fighting Hunger with Research ... A Team Effort Grain Sorghum/Pearl Millet Collaborative Research Support Program (CRSP) The Sorghum/Millet Collaborative Research Support Program (CRSP) is an initiative of the Agency for International Development, Grant No. DAN-1254-G-OO-0021-00, Title XII and the Board for International Food and Agricultural Development (BIFAD), the participating U.S. Universities and other collaborating institutions. INTSORMIL Publication 96-1 Report Coordinators John M. Yohe, Program Director Joan Frederick and Dorothy Stoner For additional information contact the INTSORMIL Management Entity at: INTSORMIL 54 Nebraska Center University of Nebraska Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0948 Telephone (402) 472-6032 ...*.** Fax No. (402) 472-7978 Internet: [email protected] A Research Development Program of the Agency for International Development, the Board for International Food and Agricultural Development (BIFAD), Participating Land-Grant Universities, Host Country Research Agencies and Private Donors INTSORMIL INSTITUTIONS Kansas State University Mississippi State University University of Nebraska Purdue University Texas A&M University INTSORMIL Institutions are affirmative action/equal opportunity institutions. INTSORMIL Management Entity Dr. John M. Yohe, Program Director Dr. Daniel 1. Walters, Acting Associate Program Director Ms. Joan Frederick, Administrative Technician Ms. Dorothy Stoner, Illustrator Ms. Marilyn McDonald, Staff Secretary INSORMIL Board of Directors Dr. Bobby Eddleman, Texas A&M University Dr. George Ham, Kansas State University Dr. Darrell Nelson, University of Nebraska Dr. Bud Pasley, Mississippi State University Dr. David Sammons, Purdue University INTSORMIL Ecogeographic Zone Council Professor David Andrews, University of Nebraska Dr. John Axtell, Purdue University Dr. Max Clegg, University of Nebraska Dr. Gebisa Ejeta, Purdue University Dr. Botorou Ouendeba, INRAN/Niger Dr. Gary Peterson, Texas A&M University Dr. Darrell Rosenow, Texas A&M University INTSORMIL Technical Committee Dr. Larry Butler, Purdue University Dr. Frank Gilstrap, Texas A&M University Dr. Francisco Gomez, Escuela Agricola Panamericana, Honduras Dr. Stephen Mason, University of Nebraska Dr. Fred Miller, Texas A&M University Dr. Gary Odvody, Texas A&M University Dr. John Sanders, Purdue University Contents Introduction and Program Overview. .•••...•......... vii 1995 Project Reports .................................................. ., 1 Sustainable Plant Protection Systems Agroecology and Biotechnology of Stalk Rot Pathogens ofSorghum and Millet - L.E. Claflin and J.F. Leslie (KSU-I08 and 108B) . 2 Low Input Ecologically Defined Management Strategies for Insect Pests on Sorghum - Henry N. Pitre (MSU-105) 10 Role of Polyphenols in Sustainable Production and Utilization of Sorghum and Millet - Larry G. Butler (PRF-I04B and PRF-I04C) 14 Disease Control Strategies for Sustainable Agricultural Systems - R.A. Frederiksen (TAM-124) . 17 Integrated Insect Pest Management Strategies for Sustainable Agricultural Systems - GeorgeL. Teetes(TAM-125) . 26 Biological Control Tactics for Sustainable Production of Sorghum and Millet - FrankE. Gilstrap (TAM-125B) ........................... 32 Development of Plant Disease Protection Systems for Millet and Sorghum in Semiarid Southern Africa - G.N. Odvody (TAM-128) 41 Sustainable Production Systems Economic and Sustainability Evaluation of New Technologies in Sorghum and Millet Production in INTSORMll... Priority Countries - John H. Sanders (PRF-105) . .46 Resource Efficient Crop Production Systems -Max D. Clegg (UNL-I13A) .. 52 Cropping Systems to Optimize Yield, Water and Nutrient Use Efficiency of Pearl Millet- Stephen C. Mason (UNL-113B) . .56 Nutrient Use Efficiency in Sorghum and Pearl Millet - Jerry W. Maranville (UNL-114) .60 Germplasm Enhancement and Conservation Breeding Sorghum for Tolerance to Infertile Acid Soils - Lynn M. Gourley (MSU-l04) . .68 Breeding Sorghum for Increased Nutritional Value - John D. Axtell (PRF-103A) " . 75 Development and Enhancement ofSorghum Germplasm with Sustained Tolerance to Drought, Striga, and Grain Mold - Gebisa Ejeta (PRF-107 and PRF-107B) .... .. 82 The Enhancement of Sorghum Germplasm for Stability, Productivity, and Utilization- A.I. Bockholt (TAM-12I) ............................. ., ........ .. 88 Germplasm Enhancement for Resistance to Pathogens and Drought and Increased Genetic Diversity -Darrell T. Rosenow (TAM-122) ' 95 v Contents Germplasm Enhancement through Genetic Manipulation for Increasing Resistance to Insects and Improving Efficient Nutrient Use in Genotypes Adapted to Sustainable Production Systems - Gary C. Peterson (TAM-123) 103 Breeding Sorghum for Stability of Performance Using Tropical Germplasm - David 1. Andrews (UNL-115) . 111 Breeding Pearl Millet for Stability Performance Using Tropical Germp1asm- David J. Andrews (UNL-118) 114 Crop Utilization and Marketing Chemical and Physical Aspects of Food and Nutritional Quality of Sorghum - Bruce R. Hamaker (PRF-1l2) . 120 Utilization and Quality of Sorghum and Millet - L.W. Rooney (TAM-126) · 126 Host Country Program Enhancement INTSORMIL Collaborative Sites .•..•. .. 134 Honduras and Central America -Francisco Gomez 135 Mali - Darrell Rosenow and Aboubacar Toure 146 Niger - John D. Axtell and Ouendeba Botorou 153 Southern Africa (Botswana, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Zambia) - M.D. Clegg · 159 Hom of Africa - Gebisa Ejeta 161 Training Introduction . · 168 Year 16 INTSORMIL Training Participants . · 170 Appendices INTSORMIL Buy-Ins · 174 INTSORMIL Sponsored and Co-Sponsored Workshops 1979 - 1995 · 177 Acronyms ................._.............. 178 vi Introduction and Program Overview The Collaborative Research Support Program (CRSP) produce grain that can be used for special ethnic and dietary concept was created by the U.S. Agency for International products as well as for foods. Special white sorghums in Development (USAID) and the Board for International Mali have the potential for allowing farmers wives to Food and Agriculture Development (BIFAD), under the process sorghum into high value food products for sale in auspices of Title XII of the Foreign Assistance Act, as a village and urban markets which can compete with wheat long term mechanism for mobilizing the Land Grant and rice products. The usual types of sorghums cannot Universities in the international food and agricultural make effective food products that can compete with wheat research mandate of the U.S. Government. The CRSPs and rice products. These developments have occurred are communities of U.S. Universities working with because of the significant interaction that INTSORMIL USAID and USAID Missions, other U.S. Federal Agen­ scientists have from production through processing and cies, developing country National Agricultural Research marketing. Systems (NARS), International Agricultural Research Centers (IARCs), private agencies, industry, and private Although significant advances have been made in im­ voluntary organizations (PVOs). The Sorghum and Millet provement and production of sorghum and millet in the Collaborative Research Support Program (CRSP) is one of regions INTSORMIL services, population continues to eight CRSPs currently in operation. exceed production capacity. There remains an urgent need to continue the momentum of our successes in crop im­ The Sorghum and Millet Collaborative Research Sup­ provement as well as our efforts in strengthening the port Program (i.e., INTSORMIL CRSP) conducts collabo­ NARS. rative research using partnerships between U.S. University scientists and scientists of the National Agricultural Re­ INTSORMIL has maintained a flexible approach to search Systems (i.e., NARS). INTSORMIL is program­ accomplishing its mission. In preparation for the 1996­ matically organized for efficient and effective operation 2001 grant extension proposal, INTSORMIL has imple­ and has captured most of the sorghum and millet research mented several critical recommendations made by the expertise in the United States. The INTSORMIL mission External Evaluation Panel and an Internal/External Com­ is to use collaborative research as a mechanism to develop mittee, with input from the INTSORMIL Technical Com­ human andinstitutionalresearch capabilities to overcome mittee (TC) and Ecogeographic Zone Council (EZC). constraints to sorghum and milletproduction and utiliza­ tion for the mutual benefu of U. S. and LDC agriculture. The success ofthe INTSORMIL program can be attrib­ Collaborating NARS and U.S. scientists jointly plan and uted to the following strategies which guide the program execute
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