Magazine of the Chartered Institute of Journalists Autumn 2019 TheJServingournal professional journalism since 1912 Saudi Crown Prince ordered journalist’s murder, says CIA

audi Arabia’s Crown Prince crackdown on dissent, was brutally killed Mohammed bin Salman has taken and his body dismembered in the Saudi S“full responsibility” for the death consulate in Istanbul on October 2, 2018. of Washington Post journalist Jamal There was a comprehensive forensic Khashoggi, who was murdered a year clean-up of the crime scene by the Saudi ago at the Saudi consulate in Istanbul, authorities immediately after the killing, Turkey. However, the prince still denies and Turkish police were not permitted personally ordering the killing. The US even to enter the premises until a fortnight Central Intelligence Agency, on the other after the murder. hand, has concluded that the order must There has never been a proper have come straight from the Crown Prince. investigation and Khashoggi’s body has Murdered journalist Jamal Khashoggi “This was a heinous crime,” the prince never been found. Only much later did murder, President Trump has gone out said in an interview with America’s CBS the Saudis even admit that Khashoggi had of his way to defend the Crown Prince, News. “I take full responsibility.” But died at the consulate - but they claimed he emphasising that Saudi Arabia is “a close when asked what he knew about the had been in a fight, and could not account ally” of the United States and discouraging operation, Prince Mohammed bin Salman for the disappearance of his body. suggestions that the prince may have been claimed he had no knowledge of it until Eleven people have been charged in involved in the killing. after it happened, and that he “could connection with the killing of Jamal The very last article that Jamal Khasoggi not keep close track” on what all of his Khashoggi, but court proceedings are wrote for the Washington Post was a country’s “millions of employees” were closed to the public and the Gulf kingdom damning indictment of the state of human doing, suggesting instead that it was a has so far refused to allow international rights in the Arab world, and Saudi Arabia rogue operation. investigators to work in the country. in particular. His article was headed Khashoggi, who had been publicly Despite the CIA report implicating “What the Arab world needs most: Free critical of the Saudi regime’s recent Mohammed bin Salman directly in the expression.” How is the Snoopers’ Charter being used against journalists and their sources? he Chartered Institute of Journalists public authorities made a total of 755 data has been approved of by the Thas persuaded the Investigatory applications to acquire data which related judicial commissioners who evaluate the Powers Commissioner’s Office to consider to persons who held sensitive professions applications in secret. reporting more detailed information and these could have related to “lawyers, The Institute believes the IPA 2016 about warrants seeking journalists’ digital journalists, members of parliament, legislation is a very poor substitute for data and information that could identify ministers of religion or doctors.” the scrutiny of the courts under the Police their sources. Professor Crook complained to the IPCO and Criminal Evidence Act of 1984, when The IPCO is the oversight body set up that given the importance of Article 10, production orders against journalists have by the controversial Investigatory Powers freedom of expression rights to protect to be decided by judges with the parties Act 2016, which is also known as “The journalists’ confidential information represented by counsel. The IPCO told the Snoopers’ Charter”. and sources, this level of reporting was CIoJ: “We will consider whether to include Professor Tim Crook, Vice-President of inadequate. “The 2017 report only stated the information you have requested in the the CIoJ, has been asking for more detail that IPCO inspectors found no instances IPCO’s next annual report.” about when state investigation bodies of the legislation being used improperly The IPCO have defended their decision have applied to Judicial Commissioners to identify journalistic sources. We need not to release any interim figures and for access to journalistic data that could to know about those ‘proper’ instances information on the basis that they are be confidential information, or breach the when it has actually been used to reveal “required to ensure that we do not cause protection of journalists’ sources. sources.” national security or law enforcement Up until the present time the He has asked for the exact figure of the concerns through the information we IPCO has only reported that in 2017 times interception and use of journalistic publish.” Andy Smith Editor Editor’s Comment s members of our Institute gather helped me with a contribution from at the Reform Club in London its Benevolent Fund – in particular Afor our annual general meeting, to help tide me over a period while preparing to debate matters of concern I finish a book. A “friend in need is to the journalistic profession, not least a friend indeed” and the CIoJ has the continuing threats to Press freedom proved to be a true friend in this in the UK and across the world, it is right regard. that we should also give our attention to a less prominent, but equally significant, I joined the Institute back in the Assistant Editor: Stuart Millson aspect of the CIoJ’s remit – our charitable 1970s when I was on The Times in role. London and kept up my contributions Production Editor: Dominic Cooper For more than 125 years, the Institute’s after I left England in 1976 for charities have been supporting journalists Singapore, and then from Hong Kong In this issue: and their families; our fund for orphans and Tokyo until the severance of my was the first to be established under the contract in 2018. In this sense, I Gold Medal for Kate Adie 3 Institute umbrella, back in 1891, and the suppose I could say that I “stood by” Tribute to Zimbabwean journalist 4 CIoJ Welfare Fund is the newest (the the Institute – and it has certainly No charge yet for Lyra McKee murder 5 result of merging several of our charities, stood by me since. Belonging to a Are YouTubers journalists? 6 a decision taken at our AGM last year). professional institute such as the George Orwell, the journalist and 1984 7 We give tens of thousands in aid every CIoJ may appear to be a rather dated year, providing a grand total of £65,033 concept in an age when so many The Journalist’s Handbook 8 in grants and essential support to CIoJ journalists work in a “gig economy”, Embedded in Borneo 9 members and their families in 2018 where employment relations are Shanghai’s cultural ambassadors 10 alone.We will continue to be here to governed by freelance arrangements, Finding the truth in history 11 help people in the years ahead, thanks to but the mutual-help ethos of the CIoJ Egypt: One of the world’s biggest prisons for responsible stewardship of our funds by can be invaluable. journalists 12 our charity trustees. Indeed, the current Inquiry into Maltese journalist’s murder 13 value of Institute charitable funds totals I can speak from hard experience in RSF Press Freedom Prize 14 more than £3.3m, and this ensures we this regard, and I would urge other can provide a welfare safety net for our journalists to support the Institute UN urged to act against Turkey 15 members for many years to come. too. You never know when you Annual General Meeting supplement One such member, a recent beneficiary may need its help – professionally CIoJ 2019 AGM details 16 of CIoJ charitable support, has written or financially – but of course the A year in review 17-18 the following note of appreciation to Institute of Journalists can only 2018 AGM report 19 the Institute which he has given us offer such help if its resources are CIoJ accounts 20 permission to publish in The Journal. maintained and augmented by Charity accounts 21-22 It highlights the CIoJ’s remarkable members’ contributions. My grateful Welfare Fund elections 23-24 capacity to make a difference to people’s regards to all at the CIoJ. lives. The member writes:

The views contained in The Journal are those of the The distinguished Victorian founders Editor and contributors and do not necessarily reflect the I would like to express my very of our Institute would, I am sure, be views or policy of the Chartered Institute of Journalists. sincere gratitude to the CIoJ for the proud to know that in the twenty-first All rights reserved. © CIoJ 2019 help it has given me during the past century the charities of the Chartered year or so after a leading Southeast Institute of Journalists would still be Asian newspaper summarily supporting journalists and their families, terminated my employment contract targeting financial aid where it is needed without compensation after 24 years’ most. As members of this Institute, now, service. This left me without gainful in 2019, we should value and support the TheJournal employment at a very late stage in CIoJ’s charitable work, and remember ISSN 1361-7656 my journalistic career, and created that the Institute will always be “there severe financial difficulties for me. for us”. News or views intended for publication The Institute “came through” and Andy Smith should be sent to: The Chartered Institute of Journalists 2 Dock Offices, Surrey Quays Road, London SE16 2XU Officers of the Institute: E-mail: [email protected] Janice Shillum Bhend, Institute officers are ex-officio Tel: +44 (0)20 7252 1187 President members of Council Web: www.cioj.org Twitter: @CIoJournalist Michael Hardware, Your Council members are: Honorary Treasurer Norman Bartlett, Ken Brookes, Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ Vivienne DuBourdieu, Michael pages/Chartered-Institute-of- Tim Crook, Evans, Paul Leighton, Andy Smith Journalists/108017897514 Vice-President Your PPB members are: LinkedIn: http://www.linkedin.com/ Mark Croucher, groups/Chartered-Institute- Prof. Tim Crook, Chairman Immediate Past President Norman Bartlett, Adela Earlington, Journalists-63500 Andrew Kelly, Paul Leighton, Stuart Professor Tim Crook, Littleford, Alistair Riddell, Prof. Chairman, PPB Kemal Yildirim Printed2 by Cool grey display & print Ltd Tel: +44 (0) 1444 474646 The Journal - Autumn 2019 edition Gold Medal for Kate Adie BC journalist Kate Adie is to in which role she learned the fundamental receive the Gold Medal of the skills which have stood her in good stead BChartered Institute of Journalists. throughout her career. She later moved to The presentation will be made at the CIoJ BBC Radio Bristol, where she joined the annual general meeting, at the Reform Institute of Journalists and went on to chair Club, Pall Mall, on Friday October 25. meetings of the local Institute branch. The Institute is making this award – Adie then moved to TV news in London, our highest honour – in recognition of where she covered stories about industrial Adie’s outstanding services to journalism, trouble, weather, race riots, demonstrations, combined with her steadfast and disasters, politics, murder and social unrest, courageous front-line reporting from sport and royals – as well as covering Miss conflict zones throughout the world. World, Crufts, pools winners downing The last recipient of the award was champagne and drama productions which Baroness Betty Boothroyd, former Speaker had angered Mary Whitehouse! of the House of Commons, in recognition of her defence of freedom of speech and her Embassy siege championing of Parliamentary democracy. “She became a household name in May Janice Shillum Bhend, President of the 1980,” recalls her former BBC colleague, CIoJ CIoJ, said: “We are delighted to make past-president (and Broadcasting Division this award in recognition of Kate Adie’s chairman) Paul Leighton. “The BBC’s life-long achievements in the world of duty reporter, who had been following journalism. Kate has shown great courage the six-day siege of the Iranian Embassy in and commitment to our industry through London, finished his shift early to attend a dinner party and Kate, starting her night- Kate Adie CBE DL FCIJ, distinguished BBC shift early, found herself reporting live as journalist and longstanding member of our the SAS stormed the embassy.” Institute, is to receive the Institute’s Gold Medal, Her commentary on the SAS action, our highest honour. which interrupted the World Snooker Championships, was heard in millions of Africa, and Northern Ireland. She was with homes. the Coalition forces as they chased Saddam Hussein’s troops out of Kuwait in 1991. Tiananmen Square She has also been a judge for literary prizes The two foreign assignments she is most including the Booker, Whitbread, Costa often associated with are the American and Orange, is a trustee of the Imperial bombing of the Libyan capital Tripoli in War Museum, and has been involved with 1986 and the Chinese authorities’ killing of a number of charities, including SSAFA, protestors in Tiananmen Square, Beijing, in the UK’s oldest military charity. She 1989. “Her graphic reporting from China was appointed CBE in the 2018 Birthday brought the true horror of that massacre Honours. into our living rooms,” says Leighton. Kate Adie has written four books: The Adie served from 1989 until 2003 as the Kindness of Strangers (her autobiography), BBC’s Chief News Correspondent. She Corsets to Camouflage, Nobody’s Child, Into has travelled extensively during her BBC Danger and Fighting on the Home Front: The career, reporting from the Balkans in the Legacy of Women in World War One. She is a early 1990s, from Russia, the United States, Deputy Lieutenant of the County of Dorset. Young Kate Adie as a TV station assistant all her reporting days, and is such a positive role model for women in journalism.” Obstructing newspapers Adie is also a longstanding member of our Institute, having joined while working major new report by Reporters Without obstacles that are placed in distribution’s at BBC Bristol in the early part of her career. ABorders (RSF) sheds light on how often dangerous path. She was elected a Fellow of the Institute in governments, state institutions, powerful “They are rarely quoted or named in 1990. oligarchs and corporations obstruct print a newspaper and they’re in the media media distribution. vision’s blind spot, but the printers, Fearless Instead of silencing journalists or distributors and vendors of newspapers are Best known for her fearless reporting preventing them from writing a story, press essential links in the press freedom chain,” from numerous war zones over the freedom’s predators may block information RSF secretary-general Christophe Deloire decades, Kate Adie is still actively engaged at the moment of distribution. Until it said. “It’s not enough for journalists to be in the journalistic profession and currently reaches the reader’s hands, a newspaper is free to investigate and write. The product presents “From Our Own Correspondent” vulnerable, and the predatory imagination of their work must be able to reach the on Radio 4. She also makes occasional knows no bounds, says RSF. This is reader without hindrance. Or else the programmes for BBC television. highlighted by the report “Newspapers public is denied the news and information Adie started in journalism in the 1960s as that never arrive – obstructing print media diversity that is essential to any democracy. a station assistant at BBC Radio Durham, distribution” which documents the many Continued on page 4 3 The Journal - Autumn 2019 edition

Continued from 3 Institute’s tribute to veteran Hence the need and urgency to lift the veil on practices that threaten our fundamental right to be informed.” Zimbabwean journalist According to an RSF survey of more than 90 countries, nearly 41% of distribution he Chartered Institute of Journalists has breaches occur at the moment of sale. As the Tpaid tribute to veteran Zimbabwean final intermediary between the newspaper journalist Lawrence Vambe, who died in and its reader, the newspaper vendor London in September at the age of 102. may also be the target of the last attempt Vambe had for many years been a leading to restrict the flow of information. The champion of civil rights in Rhodesia/ methods deployed may be spectacular. In Zimbabwe. Congo-Brazzaville and Equatorial Guinea, His death coincided with the funeral of newsstand managers have seen police seize former President Robert Mugabe, with entire newspaper issues to burn them. whom Vambe had once been friends, Transportation throughout the country having met when they were both students is another crucial phase in the print at the Jesuit-run Kutama College in West media distribution chain, one that offers Mashonaland in the 1940s. Vambe and Lawrence Vambe (1917-2019) an additional opportunity to restrict the Mugabe had parted company politically circulation of independent and opposition after the Mugabe regime’s attacks on People and From Rhodesia to Zimbabwe. media. According to RSF’s survey, more Africans in Matabeleland in 1983. In 1959 Lawrence Vambe was awarded an than 22% of distribution violations occur In his later years, Vambe moved to the MBE, which he received from Her Majesty while newspapers are being transported UK, initially living on the English/Welsh The Queen. He was a strong supporter of from the presses to the point of sale. In border with his wife Mary, then, following the Commonwealth and was one of the Nigeria and Indian-administered Kashmir her death, with his family in Islington, founders of the Zimbabwe-Britain Society. or Pakistan, the authorities don’t shrink north London. He died at Throughout his life he was a devoted from ordering the police or army to He had a lifelong interest in journalism, Roman Catholic. intercept newspaper distribution trucks serving as editor-in-chief of the Daily News Liz Justice, a Past-President of the and seize their cargoes. in the 1950s, championing black rights in Chartered Institute of Journalists, The longer the route to the point of what was then white-run Rhodesia. Vambe said: “Lawrence Vambe was one of the sale, the greater the opportunities for went on to write several books about the Commonwealth’s great journalists, authors obstruction. Sometimes it is on religious struggle for African rights, most notably and historians. He should be an inspiration grounds, as with the French satirical his semi-autobiographical An Ill-Fated to us all.” weekly Charlie Hebdo, which was banned in many Muslim countries in 2015. On other occasions it is on purely political grounds, as the French newsweekly Jeune Afrique Autumn events at former found in Algeria, where its importation has been blocked in recent months. The printing stage may also prove to be a fateful point in the production process. For PM’s home some opposition newspapers, censorship rundells, the former home of Prime occurs just before they are printed. This AMinister Edward Heath in the is the case in Egypt, where a state-linked Salisbury Cathedral Close, has announced printing company may refuse to print an its events programme for the autumn. The entire newspaper issue unless a certain programme reflects the eclectic mix that is story that will upset the government is Arundells – the arts, sailing history, politics withdrawn. And in Gabon, the entire and international relations. content of newspaper issues have been The line-up features several major political replaced by bogus content just as they speakers including former NATO secretary- Arundells, the former Prime Minister’s are being printed, without the publisher general George Robertson, the BBC’s house in Salisbury knowing. And when it is too late to Nick Robinson and the Government’s key change content before printing, it is easy to independent source of advice on climate Clara Rodriguez with Dominic Seligman, a confiscate entire issues as they come off the change, John Gummer (Lord Deben). For performance by Hungarian soprano Alinka presses when an oligarch or an intelligence historians, the programme includes the Kozari and an evening of guitar music with agency is all powerful. father of British psephology, speaking Ellie Kotzia. More insidiously, the monopolies or shortly after his 95th birthday, Sir David Edward Heath is the only British Prime the control that governments or powerful Butler, in conversation with journalist and Minister to have won a major international media groups may exercise over printing author Michael Crick. sporting trophy – the 1971 Admiral’s and distribution also enable them to control For lovers of painting there is a talk Cup - in which he skippered the British the print media by giving them the de facto by Carole Cuneo about her father, artist team to victory. This year marks the 50th power to impose laws or prices. They may Terence Cuneo. A season of sublime music anniversary of an earlier success when he even decide, as in Venezuela and Nicaragua, is in prospect too including a lecture-recital sailed his yacht Morning Cloud to victory which print media are allowed access to on the remarkable Clara Wieck, wife of in the gruelling Sydney to Hobart race. This what is an essential input – newsprint. In composer Robert Shumann, delivered by is being celebrated by a special exhibition at the end, regardless of the ways and means, concert pianist Mary Bruce. There will also Arundells this year. interfering in distribution usually has the be three other musical events including For further details please go to www. same goal – to prevent a newspaper from a return of Venezuelan virtuoso pianist, arundells.org or telephone 01722 331440. being read.

4 The Journal - Autumn 2019 edition Still nobody charged for the street shooting of Lyra McKee

t is more than six months since O’Neill, and Labour Party leader Jeremy investigative journalist and author Lyra Corbyn. IMcKee was murdered while reporting A mural dedicated to her has been painted on riots in Northern Ireland on Thursday in Belfast. April 18, 2019. The funeral will be particularly The exhaustive inquiry by the Police remembered for the contribution of the Service in Northern Ireland (PSNI) has priest, Martin Magill, who addressed the resulted in the arrest and charging of two mourners: “I commend our political leaders men with rioting and petrol bomb offences for standing together in Creggan on Good as part of the investigation. But no one has Friday,” (the day after the shooting) “I am, yet been charged and put on trial for her however, left with a question: Why in God’s murder. name does it take the death of a 29-year-old The crime prevention charity, woman, with her whole life in front of her, Crimestoppers, has offered a reward of to get us to this point?” Lyra McKee, killed by the New IRA up to £10,000 for information leading to These words were followed by a standing the conviction of those responsible for the ovation in the Cathedral and among the killing. PSNI announced it would offer crowds listening outside. support of people everywhere. We are anonymity to any witnesses who came It is believed Lyra McKee’s death is the united in rejecting those responsible for this forward with information. first time a professional journalist has been heinous crime. They have no support in the Lyra McKee was 29 years old and killed covering a riot, or public order event community, must be brought to justice and had been an editor for the news site in the United Kingdom. should disband immediately.” Mediagazer. She had recently moved to The Chartered Institute of Journalists The killing of journalists while carrying Derry/Londonderry from Belfast to be with issued a statement afterwards: “Our deepest out their work is very rare in the UK. her partner, Sara Canning, who worked as condolences and heart-felt sympathy go The last such death was that of another a nurse at Altnagelvin Hospital, where Lyra out to Lyra McKee’s family, friends and investigative reporter from Northern was taken after being shot. professional colleagues. Reporters Without Ireland, Martin O’Hagan, who was shot For many years her journalism had Borders have just reported a world media dead in 2001 while working for the Sunday focused on community conflict and the freedom climate where hatred of journalists World. He was 51 years old, and like legacy of “The Troubles” in Northern degenerating into violence is contributing McKee, an active member of the National Ireland. The Times described her as a to an increase in fear. That fear is tragically Union of Journalists. “passionate journalist and campaigner who present in the United Kingdom.” The Guardian reported that O’Hagan’s examined the legacy of the Troubles and There was no evidence that McKee was “exposés enraged republican and loyalist spoke fearlessly of being gay in Northern personally targeted for the violence or had paramilitaries in Northern Ireland” and it Ireland.” been killed because of some gesture of is believed he had been killed in retaliation Her reputation widened following her violence aimed at the media. Her death was for writing a series of articles alleging the TED presentation in 2017 when she argued claimed as “an accident” by the paramilitary involvement of a loyalist paramilitary that changing religious teaching on LGBT group of dissident Republicans who call group in drug dealing. people will literally save lives. She said the themselves The New IRA. Five men were arrested and sent for trial fight for LGBT equality is a fight for hearts Reporters Without Borders (RSF) said: in September 2008 for his murder. None and minds. “The UK remained one of the worst-ranked were convicted. Western European countries in the World It would appear that Lyra McKee’s A single gunman Press Freedom Index, largely due to a misfortune was being in the wrong place McKee was standing close to a police heavy-handed approach towards the press, at the wrong time. She was within a group vehicle on April 18 when she was wounded often in the name of national security.” of people close to police vehicles when she by a single gunman firing shots. He can be published her last tweet. seen in CCTV taken on the night, but his Catastrophic blow The fact remains that she died in these face is not identifiable. The CIoJ said: “This shocking murder of horrendous circumstances because she was She died from her injuries after being a journalist while simply doing her job is a working as a journalist. She may have been taken to hospital. catastrophic blow to media freedom.” wearing a protective vest as shown in the The international NGO Committee to Her death prompted a joint statement video released by the police, but she did not Protect Journalists, based in New York City, from the leaders of Northern Ireland’s five appear to have any head protection. confirmed that she was the first journalist to main political parties: “The murder of Lyra The Guardian’s obituary on Lyra by be killed in the United Kingdom since 2001. McKee is first and foremost a devastating Henry McDonald said that she “was at the Her funeral at St Anne’s Anglican loss for her grieving partner, family and scene of the riot in the republican Creggan Cathedral, Belfast, on April 24, was attended friends, and our thoughts are with them at area of the city as part of research she was by leaders of British and Irish politics. They this awful time. Lyra’s murder was also an conducting into the dangers of frontline included the then British Prime Minister, attack on all the people of this community, journalism. She had been due to speak at an Theresa May, Irish President Michael D. an attack on the peace and democratic Amnesty International event next month on Higgins, Taoiseach Leo Varadkar, DUP processes. It was a pointless and futile act the perils of reporting conflict.” leader Arlene Foster, Sinn Féin leader Mary to destroy the progress made over the last Lou McDonald and Vice President Michelle 20 years, which has the overwhelming Tim Crook

5 The Journal - Autumn 2019 edition Are YouTubers journalists? can imagine that there will be gasps of (advertorials) or payments from viewers There are thought to be over 100,000 indignation that such an outrageous through payment websites. YouTubers in the UK. Not all are creating Isuggestion should be made. If you substitute “newspaper”, and publishing content that would appear First of all, a definition. A YouTuber is “magazine”, “radio station” or “TV station” to be journalistic but many are. With someone whose main or only output is on for YouTube, these subject areas, the range print circulation continuing to sink and YouTube where their personalized sub- of earnings and the method of generating employment within it likewise, perhaps it is pages can be viewed by anyone. cash are identical to what can be read on time to try and recruit among the YouTuber Think about what a YouTuber does. Many paper or heard and seen over the airwaves. fraternity. provide videos purely for entertainment – Many YouTubers do exactly the same as The Institute’s Charter specifies one of music, dancing, animal antics, porn and so print or broadcast journalists but with their its objects as “The ascertainment of the forth. But many others are creating content output reaching their readership/audience law and practice relating to all things and tailoring it to an audience who want via a different platform. connected with the Journalistic profession to see news about specific areas of interest Just like journalists, YouTubers have to and the exercise of supervision over its like sports, fashion or travel, instructional keep at it. If a site fails to maintain a certain Members when engaged in professional videos, book and film reviews, material for level of audience and thus advertising duties.” The Bye-Laws specify who may children, cartoons, education and political income, Google (which owns YouTube) apply for membership and Bye-Law 10 comment. takes the site off the monetising scheme. states: “The Council shall have power by YouTubers make a living from this. Some The YouTuber is effectively sacked. She or Standing Order or otherwise to make such are just scratching around and some – such he can continue to post but will no longer regulations as from time to time they may as Felix Kjellberg aka PewDiePie identified earn anything from her or his work. find desirable with regard to the methods by Forbes magazine as getting $12 million a Now if YouTubers can be considered of election or rejection of candidates for year – earn a great deal indeed. People like as journalists, likewise they could be membership.” Kjellberg are freelance but others work for considered for membership of the Institute. Thus, there appears no legal impediment regular channels such as 5-minute Crafts Over the years the CIoJ has sometimes been to a YouTuber applying provided Council with 60 million subscribers. slow to extend its membership aspirations. considers it appropriate. In a hallowed The cash comes from advertising linked to It was well into the 1930s before radio body like the Chartered Institute of the individual’s channel. The most popular journalists were accepted. Photographers Journalists, sentiment and tradition may be channels earn the most as advertisers had to wait until the 1940s. PR practitioners the obstacles. want sites where more people see the ads. were allowed to apply in the 1990s. Bloggers Frederick Girton Other income comes from sponsorships and vloggers only in the 21st century. IPI returns to its New York City roots he International Press Institute (IPI), the global network of editors, media Texecutives and leading journalists for press freedom, will hold its 2020 World Congress in New York City from September 10 to 12, 2020. The Congress is IPI’s flagship global forum on press freedom and independent journalism. On the occasion of the organization’s 70th anniversary, IPI is honoured to be hosted by Columbia University and the Columbia Graduate School of Journalism. IPI was founded at Columbia in 1950 by 34 editors from 15 countries to defend journalistic quality and independence. Established in the aftermath of World War II, IPI was founded on the belief that a free press will contribute to a better world. Today, with members in nearly 100 countries, IPI brings together media addressing key questions for today’s “The fact that our network stood the test representatives from digital, print and journalism. of time is a testament to the importance broadcast outlets to address press freedom The World Congress is IPI’s flagship of our mission and our fight for media challenges and to promote independent event and a top international forum for freedom wherever it is threatened,” IPI Executive Board Chair Markus Spillmann, journalism as a core pillar of democracy. issues related to media freedom and quality the former editor-in-chief of Switzerland’s The 2020 Congress will see IPI members journalism, gathering together hundreds of Neue Zürcher Zeitung (NZZ), said. and other leading editors, journalists, leading media professionals from across the “Returning to New York just weeks before media executives and experts from all over globe. the United States presidential election the world gather in New York for two- Pre-registration and first draft of the puts us at the right place at the right time and-a-half days of engaging discussions, programme will be available soon. Check to debate the challenges facing journalism roundtables, workshops and Q&A sessions the website www.ipi.media for details. and to celebrate our accomplishments.”

6 The Journal - Autumn 2019 edition George Orwell, the journalist and Nineteen Eighty Four By Prof. Tim Crook eorge Orwell, whose real name the enduring hegemony of Joseph Stalin’s was Eric Arthur Blair, is generally Soviet Union. Gfamous for being the author of He fully challenges the misuse, Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty Four. Both corruption and perversion of language novels are undoubtedly among the most through journalism, propaganda and famous works of English fiction with a media communication. This influential political edge to have been published in the and seminal novel was a continuation and last one hundred years. culmination of what all his writing had Orwell’s next claim to fame is as an done whether poetry, essay, review or essayist. “A Hanging” and “Shooting novelistic prose. an Elephant” are iconic. There remains As a political and journalistic author, something of a debate about whether those George Orwell was continually exploring The young Eric Arthur Blair at Eton in the Wall articles or essays were journalism, or fiction. and addressing the acute political, social Game team, back row and far left Did he actually go along and watch an and cultural issues of news and current execution in Burma when he was working affairs. It can be argued that he did so with a feature called “A Farthing Newspaper” there as an Imperial policeman? And, in the such power and impact in 1949 that its in G.K.’s Weekly published at the end of same role, did he shoot the elephant, who resonance and relevance have continued December 1928. It was “an ironic account did not need shooting? beyond the year of the novel’s title to the of a French Right-wing attempt to produce His biographers are divided about present day. a nearly-free newspaper” that was “crisply whether the first-person accounts were His very first publication, as a child, and colloquially written.” the product of imagination, transposing “Awake!, Young Men of England”, in Crick said his early journalism was much himself into the witnessing of others, October 1914, was a patriotic poem that “closer to his mature style than were his or verifiable and reliable documentary confronted emotionally the cause of Great early novels.” He wrote a few more articles journalism. What is less well-known is that Britain’s involvement in the First World in French for the small radical journal Le Eric Arthur Blair, aka George Orwell, was a War. Progrès civique which seemed to have very hard-working journalist. The journalistic resonance is fully quickly shut down when short of funds and Orwell spent most of his life writing memorialised by the fact it was published circulation. features and reviews, and worked as a in a weekly newspaper The Henley and Orwell’s other biographers, Michael literary editor for Tribune. It could be South Oxfordshire Standard, which at the Shelden, D.J. Taylor, Gordon Bowker argued that the two years he had at the BBC time of writing is still in publication with and Jeffrey Meyers, all acknowledge the during the Second World War were in the an online presence. importance of journalism in his writing life. journalist editorial role of a producer and, It was the style for all kinds of newspapers Before Animal Farm and Nineteen in that position, he certainly wrote and at that time for the front page to be covered Eighty Four, writing for newspapers and presented news commentaries. in classified advertising. The Christmas periodicals such as Adelphi, Horizon, The edition for 1912 had a prominent notice for Observer, The Manchester Evening News, Totalitarian horrors children: “Nothing pleases the young ones Partisan Review, Time and Tide and Tribune The year 2019 represents 70 years since the so much, as good pure home-made Sweets. all put food on his table and complemented publication of his Dystopian satire Nineteen Once tried, you will never be without his fictional and documentary authorship Eighty Four. Orwell was very self-effacing them. For a Children’s Christmas treat they of books for Gollancz, and Secker and and self-deprecatory about what turned cannot be beaten- J. Bond, Manufacturer, Warburg. out to be his last major work of fiction, and 88, London Street, and Covered Market It was when he was literary editor at which has sold many millions of copies. (Saturdays), Reading.” the left-wing Tribune that he produced A Google search of the novel brings up Eric Arthur Blair was only eleven years the scores of articles for his “As I Please” 7,730,000 results. old in 1914, and nine in 1912. Although he column between December 1943 and April He was also rather anxious that he had may have been sucking sweets, there is no 1947. His social observations have become “ballsed it up”. He was sensitive perhaps to doubt he had already begun to chew over maxims of the English language. his own insecurities as a writer, a profession the troubles of the world. His comment that “if you climb to the he had struggled to be successful in. top of the hill in Greenwich Park, you can To what extent is Nineteen Eighty Four Avid reader have the mild thrill of standing exactly on a journalistic novel? What can be said is He was an avid reader of H.G. Wells and Longitude 0°, and you can also examine the that in addition to the massive amount George Bernard Shaw, two highly political ugliest building in the world” is certainly of journalism Orwell wrote, there is a writers. It is both charming and prescient not proudly displayed anywhere in the considerable amount of the journalistic that in the first stanza the young Orwell Greenwich Observatory. addressed and present in his fiction. exhorted: “Oh! Give me the strength of the Looking through photographs in the New Throughout the Nineteen Eighty Four text lion, The Wisdom of Reynard the fox.” Year’s Honours List, Orwell noticed “the he is constantly confronting and satirising These are certainly two qualities needed quite exceptional ugliness and vulgarity of the anxieties and concerns of his time. This for anyone wishing to embark on a life of the faces displayed there.” He wrote that includes the horrors of totalitarianism in the journalism and writing. extreme nationalists such as Napoleon, wake of the rise and fall of the Nazi terror Orwell’s first biographer Bernard Crick Hitler and Stalin “tend not to belong to the and genocidal regime in Germany, and said that his first piece of journalism was nation that they idealise.”

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strict and regular deadlines for mainstream tradition. Keeble said he kept shifting newspapers such as The Observer and between different positions: newcomer; eye Manchester Evening News. witness and overhearer of other people’s The commission to cover the state of conversations. Europe just after the Second World War Orwell’s fiction in Nineteen Eighty Four was the initiative of Orwell’s friend and his essay writing have lasted as major David Astor, then editor of The Observer. journalistic talking points of the present Fourteen articles of around 1,000 words day. The Observer columnist Nick Cohen each were filed to the Observer and five to quoted Orwell as the fulcrum of his the Manchester Evening News. column in The Observer on May 5, 2019: Eric Arthur Blair now established as the writer But Jeffrey Meyers shares a consensus “Remember Orwell’s chilling warning to George Orwell among Orwell’s biographers that Orwell’s boot-licking propagandists…” Jeffrey Meyers said that Orwell was newspaper reporting seemed “curiously Cohen was advancing the view that: perhaps too kind to be a successfully flat, lifeless and impersonal.” “Arguments on the left are less to do with ruthless editor: “When he took over as Richard Keeble is kinder in his ideology, more with the lure of the gang.” literary editor at the Tribune, he found conclusions after close analysis of the He finished his piece with an Orwellian his desk drawers ‘stuffed with letters and output of Orwell’s work as a foreign/war flourish and quotation from the Tribune manuscripts which ought to have been correspondent in Germany and France. He column “As I Please” on September 1, 1944: dealt with weeks earlier, and hurriedly shut thinks Orwell came back with more than “a message to English leftwing journalists it up again.’” the .32 Colt revolver lent to him by Ernest and intellectuals generally: ‘Do remember Meyers added: “He had a fatal tendency Hemingway in Paris. He credits Orwell that dishonesty and cowardice always have to accept manuscripts which he knew very with writing that has “vitality and power” to be paid for. Don’t imagine that for years well could never be printed, but didn’t have as well as being “uncertain and troubled.” on end you can make yourself the boot- the heart to send back.” Whereas Orwell had been comfortable with licking propagandist of the Soviet regime, Professor Richard Keeble has examined political and cultural opinion in comment or any other regime, and then suddenly in detail Orwell’s only time working as a columns and reviewing, he had difficulty return to mental decency. Once a whore, traditional reporter and having to meet moving from the subjective to the objective always a whore.’” Who remembers the Journalist’s Handbook? saw a copy of issue 66 of the Journalist’s film critic...I was not required actually to IHandbook, from 2001, advertised on a see any films. I spent most nights at the second-hand books website as “Quarterly local dog track phoning over the results... publication for Top Journalists. Crisp and between races I reviewed the films from PR tight. Bookseller Inventory # H1420.” puffs sent by the distributors and realised Well, I would never describe myself as a that journalism was not all it seemed,” was “top journalist” – barely even a journalist recalled by Kenneth Roy. these days – nevertheless I used to be In 1995, the late Paul Foot wrote a on the free circulation of this delightful spirited call under the headline, “Bring publication. Back the NUJ.” He described how a fight It was a 96-page, A5 magazine in soft broke out among journalists in Glasgow card covers, originally a quarterly and (!) representing the Daily Record, Scottish latterly a half-yearly publication. Initially Daily Express and Scottish Daily Mail it was published by Carrick Media until over an “exclusive” with a released 2003, then Standfirst took over but from prisoner. Later, a meeting at the local NUJ this group of young, bearded Arabs was the same address. The back half was office between the warring parties saw planning an attack using trained puppies devoted to a useful collection of “Sources of the elected officials smooth and calm the wearing...mini-suicide belts?’ ‘We never Information” from learned societies to trade fevered atmosphere. Foot reported that a discuss ongoing investigations but we rule associations, trade unions to lobby groups. resolution was passed blaming the brawl on nothing out.’ The result: ‘Police Fear Al- The front half was given over to short the circulation war in the city. He said that Qaeda Puppy Bomb Attack. Animal rights articles about journalists and journalism. It a reform which “would at a stroke improve groups last night condemned the barbarism drew contributions from many well-known our newspapers” was “the revival of the of a ...terror cell prepared to sacrifice cuddly writers including Simon Hoggart, Quentin NUJ as a real force in newspaper offices.” doggies in their cowardly plot.’ ” Letts, Anthony Howard, Jon Snow and Another series of pieces were of 24 hours But the serious stories of the day were many others with voices from the past such in journalists’ working day. Journalists’ picked up, turned over, inspected, analysed as Keith Waterhouse and Bill Deedes. The gift for sniping at each other often by the and verdicts offered on their journalistic late Frank Keating, long-time Sports Editor use of irony was given full exposure in treatment. The attack on the World Trade at The Guardian was a regular with witty these snapshots. Sometimes irony was Center, the Soham murders, the Hutton offerings such as a review of NIBs, headline abandoned entirely as when Andrew Neil Inquiry into the Kelly affair, the vilification writing, subbing on the stone, and the described Piers Morgan as “the toast of the of asylum seekers by the tabloid press, sad demise of the bond ’twixt journalists cheese-eating surrender monkeys at the intimidation and murder of journalists and and booze. Of great amusement were Groucho Club.” the threats to freedom of the press were the reminiscences of first introductions Martin Bright, at the time the political some of the issues dealt with. to journalism. Here were indictments of editor of the New Statesman, described how Like so many other publications, the the lazy, disreputable and, sometimes, to spread fear and alarm. “It’s the oldest Journalist’s Handbook has passed away. downright dishonest behaviour of the trick in the book – ring up your police... The 20th Anniversary Edition in summer Press. contacts, put something fanciful to them 2005 seems to have been the last to appear. “On my first morning I was appointed then run their non-denial. ‘Is it possible that Norman Bartlett

8 The Journal - Autumn 2019 edition Embedded in Borneo By Anthony Rowley wouldn’t presume to join those intrepid Britannia turbo-prop aircraft of somewhat colleagues who have been formally ageing vintage (and sporting only canvas I“embedded” with military forces in seats) took more than 30 hours, stopping to conflict situations, but my experiences in refuel in Cyprus and Ceylon (as Sri Lanka a rather off-the-beaten-track war zone 50 was then still called) and was not exactly years ago might at least provide a little what you might call comfortable. amusement. It all happened in the 1960s at My companions were a reporter and the start of my journalistic career when I was photographer from another UK newspaper a reporter on the staff of the Birmingham and after we arrived in a still colonial- Post, at that time one of Britain’s better looking Singapore, through the then Seletar provincial daily newspapers. Airport, we were whisked by military Land The then editor, David Hopkinson, called Rover to the barracks of 42 Commando, me into his office one day and told me that Royal Marines. Things looked up when we he had an assignment for me in “another were assigned rooms in the Officers’ Mess, Anthony Rowley place whose name begins with ‘B’”. Since it not exactly with a batman each but at least was obviously not Birmingham, I supposed with a mosquito net and shower. insurgents. That went quite well too, except it would be a nearby town such as Bilston, that I almost dropped one in the ditch Brierley Hill or Blackheath. No, said Labyrinth of tunnels where I was sheltering – after pulling out Hopkinson, “we want you to go to Borneo” The first couple of days were not what I the pin! – for several weeks. thought covering a war would be all about. By this time, I had abandoned the blazer I was, shall we say, somewhat taken aback. A familiarisation tour of Singapore, a few and flannels in favour of a uniform and My knowledge of Borneo from schoolboy games of squash, liberal quantities of gin boots (no tie required). It felt odd, to say the days was that it was the home of “wild and tonic in the Mess Bar and even a party least, to have a rifle slung over my shoulder men” – head-hunting Dayak tribes to be to which charming young ladies from the as well as a pen at the ready in my pocket. more precise. But it did at least sound like British Embassy and stewardesses from the Off we went, led by a Dayak scout and with a relief from covering City Hall politics in then British Overseas Airways Corporation each man told to maintain roughly a 40- Birmingham (though those could be pretty (BOAC) were invited. I began to think yard gap between himself and the man in wild at times). about enlisting in the Army, or at least of front. That way, if we came under fire fewer Britain had at that time landed itself in a becoming a legitimate war correspondent. were likely to be hit. war with President Soekarno’s Indonesia, Then, on to Borneo or the Sarawak capital No voice communication allowed, only after amalgamating what was formerly of Kuching to be precise. Another prop- hand signals, and each man was told to look known as British Borneo (Sarawak and driven aircraft and this time the pilot over his shoulder from time to time and Sabah) into Malaysia and calling it East must have been trained on aircraft carriers check whether everything was okay behind Malaysia, even though Borneo was because the rate of descent to the airfield him. So, when I suddenly heard a crashing contiguous with Indonesia and a thousand was so rapid and my ear drums so imploded in the jungle nearby there was no calling for miles away from the Malaysian mainland. that I could not make out more than a few help. I reached for my rifle, ready to pump words of the logistical briefing given by our 36 rounds into the “enemy” but it turned Forgotten war commanding officer upon landing. out to be a wild pig that was even more Soekarno responded by confronting An outboard motor-powered long boat alarmed at the sight of me than I was of it. Malaysia in a conflict known accordingly took us up river to our jungle lodgings, as the “Confrontation” in English or which proved to be a labyrinth of tunnels Head-hunters “Confrontasi” in Indonesian. This was a because, we were told, the “enemy” was After what seemed like an eternity of dragged-out war of attrition, with many occasionally lobbing mortar shells over the trekking in the steaming heat (but was British and Commonwealth troops being nearby border with Indonesia. It wasn’t probably not much more than half an hour) killed or injured and it became known as exactly cool down there in the steaming we arrived at a Dayak long house. Visiting the “forgotten war” as the British public jungle heat so it was almost relief to be told these during patrols was part of the Army’s seemed neither to know or care much about on the second morning that I would be “hearts and minds” campaign (the theory it. Reporters such as myself were invited by joining a patrol that day. being you have to deal with head-hunters the British Army (in my case 42 Commando Had I handled a rifle before, I was asked. it’s wise to have them on your side rather Royal Marines) to go out and report back Not really, I responded, thinking that I than the enemy’s). on the conflict. I suppose we were what had come to cover rather than fight in a These were the days before mass tourism would nowadays be called “embedded” war - and to wield my pen rather than a so the “land Dayaks” were still living much journalists. Personally, I felt more like sword. Why the question, I wondered. The as they had been for centuries. Each family William Boot (in Evelyn Waugh’s novel “Indons”, I was told, were not obeying the occupied a kind of cell which fronted onto Scoop) who, having written only “Nature Geneva Convention and were shooting at a long verandah in the raised wooden Notes” up to that point, is despatched to journalists from time to time. So, I would structure. There were nets outside each cover a bloody coup in Africa after being be better off sporting a rifle when we went door, all containing collections of human mistaken for a war correspondent of the out on patrol. skulls. It seemed impolitic to ask whose they same name. I was handed a 36-round repeater rifle, were (or had been) but some of them looked What to wear to cover a war in the Far targets were set up and, after I surprised white and relatively recent compared with East? I rejected the idea of a pith helmet myself by hitting them, I was rewarded more age-blackened ones. and settled for a blazer and flannels, plus with a few hand grenades to chuck at It so happened that a grandson of the suitable tie of course. The journey from the metal objects that looked more like World village chief (if that’s the right term in a UK to staging-point Singapore in a Bristol War 11 German panzer troops than enemy jungle community) was getting married

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and we were invited to the festivities. Did I happen to have my dinner suit These began with a cock fight in which with me, I was asked in all seriousness the two combatant birds had metal spurs the following day, because the Colonel tied to their legs and then went at each of the Regiment was coming to dinner. with incredible ferocity, half- flying and As it happened, I did (no Englishman squawking loudly. Only when one of them should ever neglect his wardrobe, even was reduced to a bloody and lifeless heap in Borneo). White table cloths and even of feathers was the combat declared over. Mess silver (I think) were laid out on long There were more treats to come. A young trestle tables in the jungle and we ate pig was brought, squealing loudly, to the with due ceremony, interrupted only by verandah-squatting chief or ‘Pengarah’ by attacks from huge insects that looked and two young men who duly proceeded to cut sounded like flying electric razors. its throat and then its belly before extracting After Sarawak, we flew to Peninsular The “Pengarah” reading the omens the unfortunate animal’s liver and handing Malaysia to take part in an assault landing it to the Pengarah on a tin plate. He moved on an East Coast beach from the British again some ten years later when I joined the his fingers slowly over the still-steaming aircraft carrier Albion. The worst part of Far Eastern Economic Review in Singapore organ to read the omens and declared “Exercise Long Hop” was standing below and then Hong Kong, before coming on to that his grandson’s wife would bear many decks in small groups or “sticks” in intense Tokyo. children. and oily heat, waiting to be airlifted by The wedding feast – rice cakes washed helicopter to the battle zone. “Universal man” down with potent rice wine (arak and I came ashore feeling like one of the victors What did I learn from what, looking back tuak) – over, our patrol lurched somewhat in the Battle of Dunkirk, except that the on it now, seems to have been a rather drunkenly off into the jungle again. If beach was deserted and there was no one surrealistic experience? I learned, I suppose, you want a quick cure for a hangover, I to liberate. The “enemy” quickly emerged that journalism should be about exposing recommend this because you sweat so from the jungle, however, to spray us with oneself to areas somewhat more exotic than profusely on this kind of route march that (blank) fire. I am happy to report that our City Hall politics. A true journalist, as my you are sober again within minutes. side emerged victorious, on points, and later editor on The Times, William Rees we couple of journalists were rewarded by Mogg once commented, ought to be able Infested being allowed to spend the night camping to write as fluently on spiritual or sporting Wading through muddy rivers, we were on the beach, swimming in the South China affairs as on politics or economy – to be a warned not to swallow the water under Sea and being cooked and catered for by kind of “universal man” (or woman) – any circumstances as it was infested with Army personnel. someone who can interpret one group leptospirosis organisms that could result From there, the return journey was via of specialists to another and keep open a in death within 24 hours. I kept my mouth a still very colonial Hong Kong where the dialogue among humanity. firmly shut but was grimly amused to see Mid Levels addresses so sought after by In an age when journalism has gone Dayak kids swimming in the river and bankers and brokers nowadays were almost the way of many other professions by playfully blowing out fountains of the entirely occupied by British Army barracks. producing limitless numbers of rather water from their obviously immune open I could never view Birmingham in quite the narrow specialists this is still sound advice, mouths. same light after that and the Far East called I think.

REVIEW Shanghai at the Proms ack in September – against a romantic work with which to finish. His The concert inspired some interesting Bbackground of the Chinese Communist orchestra produced a silvery sheen in reflections: the orchestra (with an element of authorities (aided by reinforcements from Rachmaninov’s last work, the often spectral multi-national players) from a Communist our own Metropolitan Police) suppressing Symphonic Dances of 1940 – the composer country, sustained by capitalism; the cheers democracy demonstrations in Hong Kong having fled the Russian Revolution for the and applause from the London audience, – one of mainland China’s great cultural United States, where, as an exile, he brooded which probably gave little thought to what organisations visited the Proms at the Royal upon the loss of his country. Mozart’s lyrical was happening in Britain’s old colony of Albert Hall. and tender Piano Concerto No. 23 was also Hong Kong; and the sense of a non-Western Founded in 1875 as a municipal band, on the bill: a work which was included by country embracing European high-culture the modern-day Shanghai Symphony the late Jeffrey Bernard on his Desert Island at a time when our own country seems Orchestra is beginning to make a mark Discs appearance – Bernard reflecting upon to echo constantly to the sound of pop upon the international concert stage, under the concerto’s opening, which reminded or rap – forms of music which appear the leadership of principal conductor, him of the “lovely” moment in the theatre to be increasingly co-opted by our arts Long Yu – an artist who weathered the when the curtain goes up. The brilliant establishment. And as if to emphasise years of Mao’s “cultural revolution” and young soloist, Eric Lu, performed the solo the weakening of “labels” for music, the its aftermath, to usher a golden age for part to perfection. Chinese composer, Shanghai players concluded their visit with Western classical music in the Far East. Qigang Chen, provided the opening piece, a Chinese traditional tune, arranged for full (Long Yu also appears as Principal Guest a meditation on the elements; with each orchestra, and segued into the strains of Hey Conductor in Hong Kong.) element evoked by a short, instantaneous Jude by The Beatles – a moment savoured The programme – well-chosen – followed sequence of music in a style which was by players and concertgoers, alike. a typical Proms formula: contemporary decidedly 20th and 21st century, but music, a classical-era gem, and a late- without being too atonal. Stuart Millson

10 The Journal - Autumn 2019 edition Finding the truth in history: Achieving real freedom in access to state information

t the height of the Cold War, case of Magyar Helsinki v Hungary at the Britain’s pro-Moscow Communist end of 2016 seemed to think so. For the AParty of Great Britain had a home first time it established the legal principle in the UK’s biggest and leading teacher in Article 10 Freedom of Expression that training college. It held its annual London public watchdogs NGOs, journalists and District congress there every year. academics have a standing right to state A Communist cell of extreme students information. and staff was also so disruptive it drove the Unfortunately, the UK’s government chief of the University of London College bodies, the Information Commissioner’s in south London to resign early and flee to Office and so far, the First Tier Tribunal the north of England where he took up holy (Information Rights) does not seem to think Bertrand Russell (centre) leading an anti-nuclear orders. so. There is a public interest balancing march in London, February 1961. Image: Tony French At the same time the Communist President exercise possible in relation to historical of the Student Union embezzled all of the Metropolitan Police Special Branch files. MI5 files and information before 1989. college’s union funds to go on a six-month But the Met Police are sticking to a “neither But the Home Office, fully backed by ideological jolly behind the Iron Curtain. confirm nor deny” position. the Information Commissioner, believe it These are just some of the events in the should not provide access to the information history of Goldsmiths in New Cross, south Public interest requested. They say technically in law the east London, that attracted the attention of A full Information Tribunal adjudication Home Office did not hold the information the Metropolitan Police Special Branch and has been ‘stayed’ to wait for a ruling on asked for at the time the FOI request was the Security Service MI5. accessing local government planning made. They are all set out in the College archives information at Kingston Council. That has It is a tactic of “closing the gate” on these and explicitly described in the memoirs of nothing to do with journalism, research, or information rights to a historical research a former Warden of Goldsmiths, Sir Ross academic freedom of information rights. project that simply wants to know what the Chesterman, in his published book Golden Yet again the legal system weighs down, Security Service MI5 continues to retain in Sunrise in 1996. postpones or stymies urgent investigatory its archives. It is in the public interest to see There are many other controversial enquiry. Any chance of the information these files particularly if national security events that took place at Goldsmiths being released emerges long after the story sensitivity has now faded and evaporated during the turbulent and dramatic years has become stale news or in this case the because they are so old. of the twentieth century. Any historian published project has long been completed The Information Tribunal fully supported or frustrated. the Home Office and ICO in its ruling. The The quest to see MI5 files on Goldsmiths presiding judge Alexandra Marks also staff and students has been pursued refused leave to appeal. An application for against the Home Office because the Home leave to appeal is being put forward to the Secretary is the cabinet minister responsible Upper Tribunal which is the equivalent of for the Security Service. the High Court. The campaign and legal Furthermore, before the Security fight continue. Service Act 1989 legally constituted MI5 The Upper Tribunal is going to be asked as a separate security service body, MI5 to provide a proper legal remedy for the operated as a covert organisation in the genuine freedom of information rights in Home Office infrastructure. this case. The policy of ‘closing the gate’ by Goldsmiths Archives reveal that in 1953, the It is not possible to put in FOI requests allowing the Home Office to simply say it College hosted both a left-wing Socialist Society to MI5 at Thames House because it does does not hold the information should not and a separate Communist Society run by the students and supported by members of staff not recognise the Freedom of Information be sustainable after the ECHR decision rights of anyone applying to them. It does in Magyar. This is because it should be researching and writing the history of not have to because the FOI legislation of obvious that the state does in fact hold the Goldsmiths needs to ask if any Special 2000 specifically exempts and excludes MI5 information or is certainly in a position to Branch and MI5 files exist and whether and other intelligence organisations such specifically say whether it does or not. these can be accessed to fully understand as MI6, GCHQ, and our equivalent of a UK Direct access is being blocked by and analyse how the British state at this time FBI – the National Crime Agency – from legislation and legal decision making that monitored and perhaps even countered any FOI responsibilities. is trying to reverse what Article 10 should what it regarded then as subversive and This situation would appear to now make provide as a legal right to state information. extremist political activism. the Freedom of Information Act passed The 2016 Magyar case changed the It goes without saying that any continuing nearly 20 years ago incompatible with jurisprudential environment by recognising national security interest would be served the Human Rights Act and the European a standing right to state information, thus by a proper public interest balancing Convention on Human Rights. serving democratic accountability and exercise carried out by an independent The Goldsmiths case, backed by the academic research. court or tribunal. Such a remedy would Chartered Institute of Journalists, was fully This is an important test case and appear to be the sensible way of running a argued before a Tribunal hearing in London precedent. It needs to be pursued all the freedom of information law in a democratic on July 10 this year. As direct FOI requests way up the legal system and may well be society. cannot be put to MI5, it was submitted taken to Strasbourg as a full appeal to the The European Court of Human Rights that the Home Office remains the state European Court of Human Rights. at its highest Grand Chamber level in the government body responsible for historical Tim Crook

11 The Journal - Autumn 2019 edition Al Jazeera journalist held in Egypt

l Jazeera journalist Mahmoud underscore the arbitrary nature of his Hussein has been imprisoned imprisonment. We call for his immediate Awithout trial in Egypt for more than release and the withdrawal of all charges two and a half years, regularly subjected against him.” to interrogation without a lawyer being Hussein, an Egyptian national who works present. His family were recently told that for the Al Jazeera Arabic television channel he would receive a conditional release in Qatar, was arrested on arrival in Egypt but as The Journal goes to press he is still on December 20, 2016, while on a personal incarcerated and there is no sign of his visit to see his family. He was charged with being freed. His daughter, who had been “broadcasting false news with the aim of preparing for his release, told Reporters spreading chaos”. Already he has been Without Borders (RSF) that she had tried to held for over 1,000 days so his incarceration visit him but was refused permission. is clearly in breach of Egypt’s penal code Mahmoud Hussein, detained without trial for over “As well as being cruel, the decision to which sets a maximum pre-trial detention 1,000 days keep Mahmoud Hussein in detention has period of 620 days for individuals being no legal basis,” an RSF spokesperson told investigated for a felony. levelled at their journalist. The Journal. “Bringing new charges against Al Jazeera has condemned the “baseless Egypt is ranked 163rd out of 180 countries him and again depriving him of a lawyer accusations and trumped-up charges” in RSF’s 2019 World Press Freedom Index.

“One of the world’s biggest prisons for journalists” he press freedom situation in Egypt The Internet is the only place left where Journalists and human rights defenders Thas become more and more alarming independently reported information can are meanwhile banned from much of under President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, who circulate, but more than 500 websites have the Sinai region and from providing engineered a second term as president been blocked in the last two years, and more independent coverage of any military in 2018. “Egypt is now one of the world’s and more people are being arrested because operation. Coverage of many economic biggest jailers of journalists”, says RSF. of their social network posts. In 2018, new subjects, including inflation and corruption, Some journalists spend years in detention cyber-crime and media laws enshrined can also result in imprisonment. The foreign without being charged or tried. Others government control over the media and media are also targeted, with articles being have been sentenced to long jail terms or made it possible to prosecute and imprison blocked online or attacked by officials, and even life imprisonment in iniquitous mass journalists and shut down websites for reporters being expelled or banned from trials. The authorities have orchestrated a sharing independently reported information visiting Egypt. “Sisification” of the media. online.

Call for priority to be given to journalists’ safety in Afghanistan fghanistan is still one of the most be established Adangerous countries in the world without a free for journalists. In the last year alone, and independent 17 journalists have been killed there media that can in the line of duty. That’s why, during function devoid of recent conciliation talks between the US intimidation and government and the Afghan Taliban, the threat to the lives International Press Institute (IPI) urged the of journalists”. US Special Representative for Afghanistan IPI director Reconciliation, Zalmay Khalilzad, to make Ravi Prasad said: the safety of journalists an absolute priority. “Reconciliation IPI said media organizations in Afghanistan will be possible are “caught between the Taliban, whose in the true sense members rampantly target journalists, and when the people the national government, which encourages of Afghanistan are media to report about the attacks carried informed about out by the Taliban.” the steps that Just a few months ago, the Taliban issued you are taking to A journalist films the site of a car bomb attack in Kabul, Afghanistan a threat to the Afghan media ordering create peace and them to stop carrying anti-Taliban reports bring the Taliban or else be targeted. All newspapers, radio to the mainstream of the national politics. E-mail address and television networks were ordered to Peace cannot be established without a free If you are not receiving regular stop disseminating such news within a and independent media that can function messages from us via e-mail it is likely week. Urging the special representative to devoid of intimidation and threat to the we do not have your up-to-date details. prioritize journalist safety in talks with the lives of journalists.” Don’t miss out. Update your details Taliban, the IPI noted that “peace cannot today - [email protected] .

12 The Journal - Autumn 2019 edition Malta announces public inquiry into journalist’s murder

public inquiry will be held into the assassination of Maltese journalist ADaphne Caruana Galizia. The announcement has been welcomed by Reporters Without Borders (RSF) as “a long overdue step towards justice for this heinous attack”. RSF has long advocated this measure, and underscores the need to ensure the full independence and impartiality of the inquiry, including through close scrutiny of the composition and actions of the Board of Inquiry. Daphne Caruana Galizia was killed by a car bomb outside her home in Bidnija, Malta in October 2017. The announcement overdue and is an essential step towards brought to trial, and there has been no came just six days prior to the deadline justice for the assassination of Daphne further tangible progress in the criminal set by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Caruana Galizia. This is the result of the investigation. The masterminds behind Council of Europe in a resolution adopted sustained advocacy efforts of her family this heinous attack continue to walk free on June 26, giving the Maltese authorities and civil society groups for nearly two nearly two years on. a three-month window to establish an years. But a public inquiry that lacks In September, the Council of Europe’s independent public inquiry. independence and impartiality will fool no Human Rights Commissioner Dunja one - and the goal remains full justice for Mijatovic published an exchange of letters Impartiality this heinous assassination. We will remain with Malta’s prime minister and called The murdered journalist’s family reacted vigilant and scrutinise the composition for the dozens of posthumous defamation to the announcement, saying: “A Public and actions of the Board of Inquiry, and act lawsuits that continue against Caruana Inquiry chaired by a respected former judge to hold the Maltese government to account Galizia to be withdrawn, and for the is what all right-minded people have been for its international obligations.” repeal of the provisions that allow for calling for since our mother’s and wife’s Caruana Galizia was Malta’s most defamation cases to be passed to heirs. RSF assassination. The Board will be unfit for prominent journalist, known for her has frequently highlighted the vexatious purpose if the public has reason to doubt public interest investigative reporting nature of these lawsuits as one of many any of its wider members’ independence exposing corruption at the highest levels forms of ongoing pressure against the or impartiality.” RSF supports the family’s of government in Malta and beyond, family and others working towards justice request for a meeting with Prime Minister including her reporting on the Panama for the assassination. Joseph Muscat to discuss their concerns. Papers. Although three men have Malta is ranked 77th out of 180 countries RSF director Rebecca Vincent said: “The been arraigned in connection with her in RSF’s 2019 World Press Freedom Index, establishment of a public inquiry is long assassination, they have not yet been after falling 32 places in two years. Human rights activists targeted by Putin regime epressive laws, jailings, beatings by defenders in Chechnya are among the most rights work in present-day Russia is like R‘unknown’ assailants, bank account targeted. For example, Igor Kochetkov navigating a minefield. Every day poses freezes and smears in state media – these from St Petersburg, whose Russian LGBT a new threat, whether it’s severe beatings are among the wide range of measures used Network exposed a widely-publicised by ‘unknown’ assailants who will never against human rights activists in Russia, purge against gay men in Chechnya, been found, criminal prosecution and according to a new report by Amnesty received death threats in January this year imprisonment for a crime that has never International. through a video that circulated widely on been committed, financial starvation Since Vladimir Putin’s return to the social media. To date there is no indication through bank account freezes and presidency in 2012, growing repression that police have effectively investigated the extortionate fines, or intrusive state media has had a crippling effect on human rights threats. attention targeting close relatives.” activists and their work. The publication, Meanwhile, since the head of the Chechen Amnesty is calling on the Russian Unfair Game: Persecution of Human Rights Memorial Human Rights Centre, Oyub government “to end the reprisals and smear Defenders in Russia, outlines the measures Titiev, was imprisoned for drug possession campaigns that have become their modus the authorities have employed during the on politically-motivated charges in June, operandi, and to impartially and effectively past seven years to restrict and obstruct human rights work has become almost investigate all crimes committed against human rights work in the country. These impossible in Chechnya, where many human rights defenders. They should include the passing of new repressive laws, activists have abandoned their work and also repeal the excessively restrictive laws the persecution of specific human rights the few remaining activists operate mostly undermining the work of NGOs and abide defenders, and condoning attacks on and from remote locations. by Russia’s international human rights threats to specific activists. Natalia Prilutskaya, of Amnesty obligations to protect those who protect Russia’s LGBT activists and human rights International, told The Journal: “Human others’ rights.”

13 The Journal - Autumn 2019 edition Saudi, Vietnamese and Maltese journalists share Press Freedom Prize nternational press freedom group Reporters Without Borders (RSF) has Iawarded its 2019 Press Freedom Prize jointly to Saudi journalist Eman al Nafjan, Vietnamese journalist Pham Doan Trang and Maltese journalist Caroline Muscat. The winners were announced in a ceremony held in Berlin on September 12. Hosted by TV presenter and journalist Pinar Atalay, the ceremony was attended by many distinguished guests including Berlin mayor Michael Müller, former editor-in- chief of The Guardian Alan Rusbridger, Der Spiegel journalist Susanne Koelbl and former RSF Press Freedom Prize laureates founder of Luât Khoa, an online magazine Commission in 2015 for her journalism. Swati Chaturvedi, Can Dündar and Grigory that specializes in providing information Pasko. about legal issues, and she edits another, Transcends borders The Prize for Courage, which is given which helps Vietnamese citizens defend “Every year, award-winners are unable to journalists, media or NGOs who their rights and resist the Communist to attend because the leaders of their demonstrate courage in the practice, Party’s arbitrary rule. The author of many countries prevent them,” RSF Secretary- defence or promotion of journalism, was books including one defending the rights General Christophe Deloire said. “Two of awarded to Saudi journalist Eman al of Vietnam’s LGBT communities, she has this year’s three laureates have been unable Nafjan. The founder of the SaudiWoman. been beaten by the police because of her to collect their awards personally, just as me website and author of many articles work and was detained arbitrarily twice for Berlin journalist Carl von Ossietzky was in the international media including the several days in 2018. prevented from going to Oslo in 1936 to Guardian and New York Times, Eman al The Prize for Independence, awarded to receive his Nobel Peace Prize, and Chinese Nafjan spearheaded the Saudi women’s journalists for resisting financial, political, freedom defender Liu Xiaobo was unable campaign for the right to drive and economic or religious pressure, went to to go to Oslo in 2010, six years after being against Saudi Arabia’s oppressive male Malta’s Caroline Muscat. After fellow prevented from collecting his Reporters guardianship system. Arrested along with Maltese journalist Daphne Caruana Galizia Without Borders Press Freedom Prize. other women’s rights activists in May last was murdered in October 2017, she helped “These journalists, who should be year, she was freed conditionally on March to create The Shift News, an independent honoured in their countries, are denied the 28, 2019. According to the Saudi media, investigative news website committed to freedom to travel and often their freedom, she is accused of endangering “national combatting corruption and defending press period. But their commitment transcends security”, maintaining “suspicious contacts freedom in Malta. In this small island nation borders without the dictators being able to with foreign entities” and being a “traitor” where most media outlets are subservient do anything to prevent it.” – for which she could be jailed for up to 20 to the government, she has exposed many Previous winners of RSF’s annual Press years. cases of corruption implicating local Freedom Prize, which was established The Prize for Impact, which is given to politicians. Although the repeated target in 1992 to help defend and promote journalists whose work has led to concrete of gag suits, The Shift News has refused to journalism, include the renowned late improvements in journalistic freedom, comply with content take-down demands Chinese dissident Liu Xiaobo, imprisoned independence and pluralism, or to an from Henley & Partners, a British firm Saudi blogger Raif Badawi and the increase in awareness of these matters, that advises governments on residence embattled Turkish newspaper Cumhuriyet. was awarded to Vietnamese journalist and citizenship-by-investment policy. She Each award comes with 2,500 euros in prize and blogger Pham Doan Trang. She is the received an award from the European money.

lobally, threats to journalists are the counterparts the world’s first Global another international gathering on the Ghighest they have been in 10 years and, Conference on Media Freedom. This was same subject. This was a seminar on “Media according to Freedom House, a mere 13% of held in London in July 2019. The conference Freedom and the Protection of Journalists” the global population currently have access provided an opportunity to evaluate which was held from September 9 to 11 at to a free press. UNESCO says that every day domestic and international developments, Portcullis House, Westminster, under the “in dozens of countries around the world, and bring some vision to how to defend auspices of the British Group of the Inter- publications are censored, fined, suspended media freedom and end impunity for those Parliamentary Union (IPU, which brought and closed down, while journalists, editors who commit crimes against journalists. together parliamentarians from many and publishers are harassed, attacked, The conference also saw the adoption different nations to discuss the matter detained and even murdered.” of a “Global Pledge on Media Freedom” in greater detail and to consider how This was the context in which the Foreign adopted by participating governments to parliaments world-wide can take the lead & Commonwealth Office last year launched counter threats to media freedom and to on defending freedom of the press. a major international campaign to promote recognise that urgent action is needed both If any reader would like more information media freedom and which led the British globally and locally. on the findings of the IPU seminar please government to co-host with their Canadian More recently, London played host to email them: [email protected].

14 The Journal - Autumn 2019 edition UN urged to act against Amnesty Turkish press clampdown International he United Nations is being urged to Journalists Ahmet and Mehmet Altan and media bring pressure to bear on Turkey to Nazli Ilicak were initially forced to defend Tend its repressive policies against themselves against charges that they sent independent reporting and free speech. ‘subliminal messages’ in support of the coup awards Article 19, the freedom of expression attempt.Civil society activists and media mnesty International UK campaign group, has presented a petition to workers have faced prosecution simply is inviting entries for its the UN Human Rights Council highlighting for allegedly downloading the secure A28th annual Media Awards, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s communications app ‘Bylock’. In recent recognizing the vital role that continuing crackdown on media, the months, the government has even sought journalists play and the serious risks imprisonment of dozens of journalists and to rewrite history, charging 16 leading they face in highlighting human rights closures of news media, and calling for civil society figures who participated in abuses around the world. restoration of the rule of law. the peaceful 2013 Gezi Park protests with The closing date for entries is January A representative of Article 19 delivered attempting to overthrow the government. 23, 2020 and the award ceremony will the following oral statement at the 42nd Osman Kavala is in his 24th month of pre- be held in London on Wednesday Session of the UNHRC: trial detention, in a flagrant violation of his April 22, 2020. It is now more than three years since fair trial rights. Entries must be from a media outlet the Turkish Government intensified its Last week, whilst the convictions of based in the UK and published or repressive crackdown against oppositional six of his Cumhuriyet colleagues were broadcast for the first time in the UK and dissenting voices in the country. This overturned, Ahmet Şik was served new, between January 1 and December 31, ongoing freedom of expression crisis unfounded charges including propaganda 2019. demands the Council’s urgent attention. for a terrorist group and ‘insulting the Although the State of Emergency was Turkish state’ that may see him sentenced to Award categories: lifted in July 2018, the sweeping emergency 30 years in prison. This judicial harassment decrees that enabled the government to follows a violent attack against Şik by police • News (written word) pursue its unprecedented crackdown on 20 August, during a protest in front of • News (broadcast – TV or against the media and civil society have an Istanbul Court against the dismissal of online audio/film) now effectively been absorbed into the three opposition mayors in three cities in ordinary legal framework. the South East. No one has yet been held • Radio & Podcasts Since the 2016 coup attempt, at least 180 accountable. media outlets have been forcibly closed. We call on all States at this Council to • Investigation Over 220,000 websites have been blocked. use their voice and urge Turkey to change • Features At least 132 journalists and media workers course, and take immediate steps to restore are behind bars, and hundreds more have the rule of law, and end its assault on media • Documentaries (TV & been prosecuted as terrorists, solely for freedom and civic space. Film) their journalistic work, in the absence of any The demand from Article 19 has been credible or even individualised evidence. endorsed by a wide range of media freedom • Photojournalism The rule of law is being systematically organisations including the Committee to • Student Journalist dismantled. Trials are increasingly Protect Journalists, Index on Censorship, Kafkaesque as the executive’s grip on the European Federation of Journalists and • Regional Media the judiciary has continued to tighten. PEN International. • Digital Innovation MPs call for Constitutional Convention to overhaul politics • The Gaby Rado Award for New Journalist cross-party group of Members Reform Society, said: “The prorogation Aof Parliament is calling for a shambles has highlighted the weakness • Outstanding Impact Constitutional Convention to reform how in our constitution: we’re constantly just Award Westminster works and to democratise a hair’s breadth from chaos. And the British politics. The call follows concerns gentlemen’s agreements that hold our To encourage a wide range of over prorogation and the handling of Brexit, fragile democracy together are often only entries, Amnesty International UK with MPs from the Labour Party, Green as good as the paper they’re not written has established a sponsorship fund Party and Liberal Democrats warning on. The Brexit debate has often felt miles to support a limited number of that trust in politics is at rock bottom and away from people’s real concerns and entries from freelance journalists and political reform is needed to help restore interests. Meanwhile Westminster remains filmmakers, as well as small digital and faith and unite the country. In a joint centralised and out-of-reach for millions broadcast outlets. Entries to Regional letter to the Financial Times, the MPs are across the country. Media, Photojournalism, Gaby Rado backing the Electoral Reform Society’s call “From an unelected Lords to a broken, and Student Journalist categories are for a Constitutional Convention, inspired one-person-takes-all voting system for free. by a similar processes’ success in Ireland picking MPs, the political system is bust For further information on criteria in modernising the constitution. A recent – and citizens must be part of reshaping and eligibility, and how to enter, BMG poll for the ERS found that just 4% of it after Brexit. This is a crucial call and it’s please contact Charlotte Lodge at people felt fully able to influence decisions fantastic that MPs are stepping up to the Amnesty International UK, email: by MPs at Westminster. plate, to demand a positive vision for our amnestymediaawards@keystone- Willie Sullivan, Director of the Electoral constitutional shape of our country.” group.co.uk, tel: 01453 872731.

15 The Journal - Autumn 2019 edition Chartered Institute of Journalists 2019 AGM, London

DATE: Friday 25 October 2019

TIME: 12.00PM

The Institute’s Annual General Meeting and Conference will take place in London on Friday October 25, at The Reform Club, London SW1. All members are invited to attend and play a full part in the proceedings. The day will start at 12.00pm with a buffet lunch, followed by the formal agenda at 12.30pm. Check online for the full programme, agenda, annual accounts and other agm documentation - www.cioj.org/AGM. Friday The Annual Report on the activities of the 25 October 2019 Institute through the last year, and accounts for the Institute and our charities, may be found on pages 19-24 of this Journal. They Venue: may also be found online at cioj.org/agm. The Reform Club Election of Trustees 104 Pall Mall London At this year’s AGM members will be asked SW1Y 5EW to elect the trustees to the new Welfare Fund. This is one of the essential steps that www.reformclub.com needs to be taken in order to progress the setting up of the new fund. Make sure you book your place at the AGM with Full details may be found in the next few Diane: pages of this Journal. 020 7252 1187.

Please let Diane know if you wish to attend - [email protected] . See all details at www.cioj.org/AGM

IMPORTANT DEBATE This year’s AGM will elect the trustees for the new Welfare Fund. Come along and have your say. Full details may be found on pages 23 and 24 of A year in review Page 17-18 this Journal. Full details including links to the 2018 AGM report Page 19 trust deed and the change of Institute rules may be CIoJ accounts Page 20 found online at www. Charity accounts Page 21-22 cioj.org/agm . 16 The Journal - Autumn 2019 edition A year in review - 2018 he work of the CIoJ’s Council throughout year for the Institute’s finances, with income Challenging the absolute exemption for 2018 was absorbed by two fundamental dropping again. The drop is due, once again, to a historical files generated by security bodies changes for the Institute. The first was fall in subscription income. The outgoing expenses The Magyar Helsinki v Hungary case at Grand Tthe move from Dock Offices, Surrey Quays, and have been managed in order to limit the impact of Chamber level in Strasbourg should mean that the second was the production of documents for this reduced income. the UK government can no longer rely on the proposed new Welfare Fund (which would absolute exemptions. Journalists and researchers The industry continues to struggle, with many involve the merging of our Benevolent, Orphan investigating historical events need the FOI local newspapers closing and with national media and Pension Funds). regime to carry out public interest balancing reducing their staff and freelance budgets. This exercises. PPB Chair Tim Crook has pursued FOI The sale of our unit in Dock Offices was completed trend is likely to continue as the industry adjusts requests for MI5 Security Service and Met Police in April 2018, which was a wrench after more than to new technology and the way people source and Special Branch files in relation to his research and 30 years. Plans were put in motion to move the read their news and information. writing of the history of Goldsmiths, University servicing elements of the Institute’s work online, The disbursement to the IoJ (TU) was £75,600. of London. One appeal against the Met Police so that the Institute could work as a ‘cloud’-based This was an increase from 2017 (£63,000) and has been stayed at the Informational Tribunal entity in the short-term. Following this, the we continue to maintain a healthy balance in the hearing level while a test case is decided by a search for new offices began, with a number of site TU account. However, even with this increased higher court. Another appeal against the Home visits being undertaken in London and the Home contribution, the fund shows a very small deficit Office for MI5 files was heard at a full Information Counties. None of the properties visited seemed for 2018 of £184. Tribunal hearing in London on July 11. This quite right for the Institute, and since then, market is currently subject to an appeal process to the movements, exaggerated by Brexit uncertainty, The Institute’s charitable funds have supported Upper Tribunal. encouraged Council to take the view that the members and their families with financial help purchase of new premises should not be rushed. totalling £65,033 (2017 - £41,465). Another case seeking MI5 Security Service files of We continue to search for suitable premises and BBC writers and producers from the 1920s and The Institute’s Council is confident that the when the right building is found members will be 30s- some of whom were subject to MI5 BBC organisation is able to continue to fulfil its fully informed. vetting- is to be heard at the Information Tribunal obligations to its members over the coming year. late 2019/early 2020. Work on the new draft trust deed for the Welfare Fund, alongside the new Standing Orders (Institute ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING: The Institute is, therefore, pursuing cutting edge and precedent creating cases that seek to advance rules) was progressed with the help and support of The Institute’s 2018 AGM took place at Canada UK FOI law so that journalists and researchers past-president Norman Bartlett. Once a working Water Library, Surrey Quays, London SE16 on can in the future enjoy greater and fairer rights draft was produced, it was sent to the Institute October 13. solicitors for the finishing touches and a compliance of access than they have now. check. The documents were then submitted to the Members discussed the draft trust document and membership for their scrutiny. At the AGM in new rules relating to the proposed new Welfare Challenging decision to exclude media and October 2018, members debated the documents, Fund. Both documents were accepted by the public for Mayor of London and GLA knife made amendments and then voted to accept the membership, which would allow the next stage of crime/murder crisis meetings documents subject to an election of trustees and the charity merger to be progressed. Members also The Institute has been challenging through FOI then final acceptance by the charity commission. debated and approved a constitutional declaration the refusal to provide access to the legal advice on media freedom. that underpinned the exclusion of the media and The difficulties being faced by our industry were public from two high public interest summit/ never more evident than in 2018. The Journalists’ In the evening, members enjoyed an informal consultation meetings on knife crime murders Charity was forced to close its nursing home, dinner. convened by the Mayor of London and Greater Pickering House in Dorking, Surrey, due to London Authority during local Borough Council rising costs and lack of residents. Trinity Mirror PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES BOARD elections in 2018. The Institute has strongly Newspaper Group took over Express Newspaper REPORT argued that holding these meetings in private Group from Northern and Shell, which resulted The CIoJ’s Professional Practices Board (PPB) has was unlawful and the usual legal-client privilege in numerous redundancies - the new group would campaigned on a wide range of journalism issues special protection no longer applies. A contested be called Reach. and threats to media freedom over the past year. public Tribunal hearing into this case is being heard in London on November 26, 2019. Dame Frances Cairncross conducted a review into We aim to make a critical difference and impact ‘sustainable journalism’ as a result of the impact of on those areas neglected by other journalism Protection of Sources internet-based social media giants on the newspaper NGOs and professional associations. This Robert Norman Case industry. The Institute highlighted the impact of involves deploying specialist expertise and effort the losses from advertising revenue which had been PPB Chair, Professor Tim Crook, researched, and we try our best to achieve reform, change and wrote and submitted a powerful 23,000 word absorbed by the tech giants. On top of this, cost enlightenment. cutting by management had left many newspaper affidavit arguing that the prosecution and conviction of Met Police Operation Elveden offices understaffed, which in turn threatened Freedom of Information whistleblowers was a breach of Article 10 democratic accountability and the sustainability The CIoJ has led a range of key legal moves to protection of journalist source rights as well as of quality journalism. The findings of the report, apply a ground-breaking ruling at the European a breach of Article 7 in that no proper law for welcomed by the CIoJ, highlighted the need to Court of Human Rights in 2016, which such criminalisation of journalist and source underpin local journalism while addressing the recognised for the first time that there is a standing communication had been passed either by damage of the online advertising drain. right under Article 10 Freedom of Expression for Parliament or established by common law. The General Data Protection Regulations were information held by the state about its citizens. Robert Norman is a former prison officer at implemented in the UK, and the Institute sought The Chair of the PPB has initiated and pursued Belmarsh Prison who had been paid around to keep members fully aware of areas of the new four freedom of information requests, all of £10,000 by the Daily Mirror over five years for law which would impact on journalists. which have gone to the First Tier Tribunal stories on prison security and safety. He was (Information Rights) and beyond. In the arrested, prosecuted and jailed for the offence last year, all of these cases have been pursued FINANCE: of misconduct in public office. This is a highly with considerable amounts of research, appeal The sale of the lease on our Surrey Quays significant test case that will have a major bearing preparation, submissions and in one case full headquarters dominates the financial results for on the protection of journalist source law when advocacy at a London Tribunal Hearing. the year. If the profit from the sale is removed, the the Strasbourg Court makes its decision (later underlying figures reveal yet another challenging 17 The Journal - Autumn 2019 edition A year in review - 2018 continued

in 2019). programmes and a wide range of activities above amount due to a dispute. Expenditure was much and beyond normal living costs and lessons. higher due to increased payments, two more Scrutiny of the Investigatory Powers Act pensioners and extra administrative charges The close-knit community of the CIoJ means The PPB Chair has been applying pressure on the because of legal expenses. IPCO to improve its reporting on cases involving we also have a very active ‘one phone-call away’ journalists’ confidential data and protection of system to mentor our young people and provide During the year there were eight pensioners sources. The IPCO is a body that is supposed to them with a safe way of accessing urgent help or in receipt of benefit. With the beneficiaries’ oversee the operation of the Investigatory Powers advice as and when it is needed. All our young agreement, our overseas pensioners (the CIoJ is Act 2016. people have openly praised this when we meet up a worldwide organisation) are paid quarterly and for a chat each year and we remain open to hear another half-yearly to minimise transaction costs. Unfortunately, when state investigation bodies what we can do to make their lives better. apply for warrants for the communications data Oak Hill & T P O’Connor Fund of journalists, the requests are decided in secret by It seems an appropriate moment to thank all our During the year the Fund had incoming resources judicial commissioners. The journalists and their trustees and our Chief Executive Dominic Cooper of £7,308 (2017 = £8,446). Expenditure during sources are not entitled to know about the requests for their financial management of the Fund which the year was £5,108 (2017 = £2,531). For reasons and have no right to make any representations. currently stands at £2.6m. explained and in note 3 to these accounts, income So far, the IPCO has only provided vague The combined Welfare Fund will incorporate fell short of anticipated amount due to a dispute. information about warrant requests from 2017 this work very soon and we will ensure that our During the year, grants were made to just three without identifying the specific number relating current beneficiaries, and all those involved, feel journalists (2017 = 7). But see my introductory to journalists. confident that our support will continue. This notes above. The PPB Chair has persuaded the IPCO to future will also help encourage new opportunities Kenneth J A Brookes LFCIJ, Chairman consider reporting more information about to support our members’ children in a more dynamic and rounded way. warrants that directly affect journalists and their Benevolent Fund sources. Liz Justice, Chairman The call on support from the Benevolent Fund through the year was significantly more CHARITIES: CIoJ Charities Committee than in the previous few years. Conditions in At the Institute’s 2017 AGM, members had agreed During the past year it has been my honour and the employment market place have become to merge the Institute’s Benevolent, Orphan privilege to serve as Chairman of the Institute’s increasingly difficult for freelances and there have and Pension Funds subject to agreement of the Charities Committee. This embodies the been numerous redundancies for staff journalists. final documents and approval of the Charity committees of two CIoJ charities, those of the This has meant that the need to support members Commission. The matter returned to the 2018 Oak Hill & T P O’Connor Fund and the Pensions has never been more profound. For the first time AGM where members were able to scrutinise the Fund. With the coming merger, the Pensions in many years the accounts show that the support draft trust deed and rules that would pertain to the Fund will be absorbed by the new Welfare Fund provided to members exceeded the income from new fund. Both documents were approved at the but, because of differences in eligibility, the investments. AGM and the next stage of the establishment of Oak Hill & T P O’Connor will continue its In all, the Fund supported a total of 6 members the Welfare Fund was authorised. independent existence. Apart from Oak Hill, which at least in theory is open to all journalists during 2018 (2017 – 4 members) with grants During the year, the Deeds of Appointment for all anywhere, all are restricted to Institute members totalling £15,399 (2017 – £7,847). Two loans current Institute charities were updated to reflect and their dependants. So, the dedicated and totalling £3,900 were also provided to members the elected trustees. hard-working Oak Hill committee will continue (one loan was provided in 2017 - £2,000). As a result of newly implemented anti-money to operate in tandem with the Welfare Fund. During the year, the Fund’s Deed of Appointment laundering regulations, all charitable funds have had When joining the Chartered Institute, members was updated which incurred an extra cost to the to complete numerous forms and submit governing do not always realise that, among more immediate fund. documents to our investment companies in order benefits, they are effectively taking out insurance Incoming resources for 2018 were £13,683 to comply. Despite the Institute submitting all against hardship. The Institute is indeed the most (2017 - £12,922). The total value of the Fund relevant forms required by the regulations, one prestigious organisation in journalism, provides decreased through the year to just over £283k investment company held back dividend payments the most impressive credentials and professional (2017 - £326k). for 2018 until we had dealt with extra forms help when and where it’s most needed, but it relating to that company’s administration process. is in the unlikely event of harder times that Although the support provided, and the extra The matter has since been resolved and back-dated membership of the organisation really matters. administration costs, exceeded income, the dividend payments received. A formal complaint Should this happen to you, you may need and significant element in the overall decrease in value has subsequently been filed by the Institute with the receive something more tangible than heartfelt was the drop in the Fund’s investment valuation. financial ombudsman. In terms of functionality, sympathy. The CIoJ Charities Committee worry Trustees are confident the resources that have the lack of dividend payments did not affect the that the relative scarcity of applications might built up in recent years will be sufficient to cover working of our charities due to the funds that had not be entirely due to continued prosperity needs in the coming year. been accumulated in previous years. throughout the journalistic industry, both staff Dominic Cooper, Trustee and freelance. Please remember that all grants Orphan Fund are ABSOLUTELY CONFIDENTIAL and the DEATHS: The Orphan Fund has continued to support recipients are known only to members of the It is with great sadness that your Council reports young people and I am delighted to be able to Charities Committee. the deaths of 11 members during the year. Among share that has included the award of a university That said, here are my formal reports for each those who passed away were some significant degree to one of our beneficiaries in the last 12 charity for the recent year, with grateful thanks stalwarts of the Institute, including Life Fellow months. for their compilation to our inestimable CEO Henry Douglas, Fellow Graham Whyte, members I would urge all our members to remember that Dominic Cooper. Harry Walton, Anthony Fry, Joy Myers, Michael the Fund’s base is an insurance policy that if the Watts and Gordon Thomas. worst happens, their children will continue to Pension Fund Signed get money to help them meet the costs of living, During the year the Fund had incoming resources Janice Shillum Bhend, President education and support to achieve the best future of £5,663 (2017 = £8,425). Expenditure during opportunities possible. In the past year that has the year was £13,198 (2017 = £7,300). For Dominic Cooper, Chief Executive included computers, recreational support, art reasons explained, income fell short of anticipated 25 September 2019

18 The Journal - Autumn 2019 edition 2018 CIoJ AGM report 12. The President moved that Boyes Turner be reappointed as the Saturday, October 13 Institute’s solicitors. Held at Canada Water Library, London, SE16 Outcome: Carried 13. The President moved that any unfinished business by the end of The members were welcomed and the President outlined the day’s the meeting shall be referred for consideration by Council. events. Outcome: Carried IoJ(TU) session – strictly non-employing members ONLY The following business was transacted: 14. Resolution: Charities merger 1. The chairman of the Professional Practices Board (PPB), Tim Crook, Proposed by Norman Bartlett on behalf of the Institute’s Council delivered a report on the activities of the Board. Revisit of a motions presented at the 2016 and 2017 AGM: 2. The General Secretary, Dominic Cooper, delivered his report on the Members were asked to vote on the proposed merger of the Institute’s support that had been provided to members over the last year and Orphan, Benevolent and Pension Funds into the new Welfare Fund. thanked the Board for its assistance through the year. The proposed new trust deed and the new standing orders were sent 3. The Honorary Treasurer, Mr Michael Hardware, moved that the to all members ahead of the meeting, and copies were available on audited accounts of the Institute of Journalists (TU) for 2017 be the day. received and adopted. Norman Bartlett proposed, seconded by Andrew Smith: Outcome: Carried Conference acknowledges that the Trust Deed prepared by the 4. Members then had a question and answer session with the PPB Institute’s legal advisors and reviewed by the Charities Commission Chairman and the General Secretary. provide the basis on which the merger of the Orphan, Benevolent 5. The Chairman moved from the chair that all members nominated for and Pension Fund as previously agreed by conference in 2017 be the Board be elected. The following members were elected to serve proceeded with. for 2018/19: Outcome: Carried with one abstention Tim Crook, Norman Bartlett, Adela Earlington, Andrew Kelly, Paul Norman Bartlett proposed, seconded by Judith Ryser: Leighton, Stuart Littleford and Prof. Yildirim. Tim Crook was re- Conference approves the revised SO29 and SO30 with consequent elected Chairman. Outcome: Carried cancellation of SOs 31,31 and 34 as previously communicated to the membership. Such change of Standing Orders to take effect when THE CHARITIES the charities merger has been accomplished. 6. Reports by Chairmen of the Institute’s Charities: Ken Brookes moved an amendment to the proposed SO 29.1 to change Liz Justice delivered a report on the activities of the Orphan Fund “benefits” to “Welfare Fund benefits”. The amendment was seconded by and moved that the 2017 audited accounts of the Fund be received Tim Crook and approved with 14 votes for and one abstention. and adopted. Outcome: Carried with one abstention Outcome: Carried Dominic Cooper delivered his report on the activities of the 15. Resolution: Constitutional declaration on media freedom Benevolent Fund and moved that the 2017 audited accounts of the Proposed by Tim Crook, seconded by Andrew Smith Fund be received and adopted. Outcome: Carried In view of five serious legal defeats since 2016 in the UK courts and European Courts on the failure to protect journalist confidentiality Ken Brookes delivered his report on the activities of the Oak Hill and source rights, The Chartered Institute of Journalists calls upon and TP O’Connor Fund and moved that the 2017 audited accounts Parliament to legislate for a constitutional declaration of media of the Fund be received and adopted. freedom, and section 12 of the Human Rights Act to be reformed to Outcome: Carried oblige UK courts to give ‘democratic importance and priority’ rather Ken Brookes delivered his report on the activities of the Pension Fund than ‘particular regard’ when adjudicating issues where freedom of and moved that the 2017 audited accounts of the Fund be received expression is in conflict with other rights. and adopted. Background: Outcome: Carried The five rulings are: 7. Members then had a question and answer session on the work of the January 2016 English Court of Appeal Miranda v Home Office- CIoJ and its charities. Terrorism Act ruled incompatible with Article 10 Human Rights in failing to provide adequate protection for journalists’ sources. CIoJ session December 2016, the European Court of Justice said the ‘indiscriminate’ 8. The President, Janice Shillum Bhend, took the Chair and delivered collection of data under investigatory powers legislation was against her presidential address. EU law. 9. The Honorary Treasurer, Mr Michael Hardware moved: t h a t January 2018 the English Court of Appeal ruled that in the light of the the audited accounts of the Chartered Institute of Journalists and its ECJ ruling Section 1 of the Data Retention and Investigatory Powers charities for 2017 be received and adopted. Act 2014 was inconsistent with EU law. Outcome: Carried April 2018, the English High Court, in a judicial review of the new Investigatory Powers’ Act 2016, ruled that the retention and access 10. The President moved: that the 133rd report of the Chartered to data without proper safeguards for journalistic confidentiality was Institute of Journalists and the IoJ(TU) as submitted to the contrary to EU law. membership be received and adopted. Outcome: Carried September 2018, the European Court of Human Rights ruled that investigatory powers act legislation breached Article 8 journalistic 11. The President moved that Samuels be reappointed as the Institute’s confidentiality and Article 10 freedom of expression because of the chilling accountant and auditors. effect created by arbitrary state access to retained communications data. Outcome: Carried Outcome: Carried with three abstentions 19 The Journal - Autumn 2019 edition

The Chartered Institute of Journalists - audited accounts Report of the Independent Auditors to the Members of The Chartered Institute of Journalists Opinion our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or We have audited the financial statements of the Chartered Institute of Journalists - the financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records for the year ended 31st December 2018, which comprise the income statement, and returns; or the balance sheets and the related notes. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom accounting - certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; standards (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice), including or Financial Reporting Standard 102 ‘The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in - we have not received all the information and explanations we require for the UK and Republic of Ireland.’. our audit. This report is made solely to the Institute’s members as a body. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Institute’s members those matters Responsibilities of Council we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. As explained more fully in the Statement of Council’s Responsibilities set out on To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility page three, the Council is responsible for the preparation of the financial statements to anyone other than the Institute’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal report, or for the opinions we have formed. control as the Council determines necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. In our opinion the financial statements: In preparing the financial statements, the Council is responsible for assessing the - give a true and fair view of the state of the Institute’s affairs as at 31 Institute’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters December 2018 and of its surplus for the year then ended; related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless - have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally the Council either intends to liquidate the Institute or to cease operations, or has Accepted Accounting Practice. no realistic alternative but to do so.

Basis for opinion Our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or are further described in the Auditors’ responsibilities for the audit of the financial error, and to issue a Report of the Auditors that includes our opinion. Reasonable statements section of our report. We are independent of the Institute in accordance assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard, and we have fulfilled our other exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements. for our opinion. A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council’s website at www.frc.org.uk/ Conclusions relating to going concern auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our Report of the Auditors. We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the ISAs (UK) require us to report to you where: Sam Narula (Senior Statutory Auditor) for and on behalf of - the Council’s use of the going concern basis of accounting in the Samuels LLP preparation of the financial statements is not appropriate; or Statutory Auditors - the Council has not disclosed in the financial statements any identified 3 Locks Yard, High Street, Sevenoaks, Kent, TN13 1LT material uncertainties that may cast significant doubt about the Institute’s ability to continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting for a notes 2018 2017 period of at least twelve months from the date when the financial statements £ £ are authorised for issue. INCOMING RESOURCES Incoming resources from generated funds Other information The Council is responsible for the other information. The other information Activities for generating funds 2 107,296 112,905 comprises the information in the Report of the Council, but does not include the Other incoming resources 406,522 1,440 financial statements and our Report of the Auditors thereon. TOTAL INCOMING RESOURCES 513,818 114,345 Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. RESOURCES EXPENDED In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read Institute activities 3 the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is Journal 3,897 4,560 materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained Conference 1,408 1,282 in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If, based on the work Travelling and Meeting 5,316 2,970 we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other CIOJ (Trade Union) 75,600 63,000 Administrative costs 29,078 36,943 information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in Governance costs 4 5,000 5,000 this regard. Total resources expended 120,299 113,755 Matters on which we are required to report by exception In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the Institute and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements NET INCOMING/(OUTGOING) RESOURCES 393,519 590 in the Report of the Council. We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where our engagement RECONCILIATION OF FUNDS letter requires us to report to you if, in our opinion: TOTAL FUNDS BROUGHT FORWARD 71,728 71,138 TOTAL FUNDS CARRIED FORWARD 465,247 71,728 - adequate accounting records have not been kept, or returns adequate for

20 The Journal - Autumn 2019 edition

Orphan Fund The CIoJ - ORPHAN FUND STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31st DECEMBER 2018 - audited accounts 2018 2017 £ £ INCOMING RESOURCES Donations and legacies 1,000 - Investment Income 111,248 108,477 NOTE: Full accounts, with auditors’ notes, and accounts for the Total 112,248 108,477 Institute’s smaller charities may be obtained from head office. Copies will also be available on the day at the Institute’s AGM October 25 RESOURCES EXPENDED Charitable Activities 53,509 48,847 Total 53,509 48,847

Quick look Unrealised gains/(losses) on Investments (283,406) 162,399 NET MOVEMENT IN FUNDS (224,667) 222,029 During the year the value of the investments decreased by £283,406 (2017 £162,399 increase) due to market factors. Changes in valuation are not realised. BALANCE BROUGHT FORWARD 1st JANUARY 2,888,761 2,666,732 In 2018 the Fund had incoming resources of £112,248 (2017 = £108,477). BALANCE CARRIED FORWARD 31ST DECEMBER £2,664,094 £2,888,761 Expenditure during the year was £53,509 (2017 = £48,847).

During the year grants were made to three beneficiaries. NOTE: Full accounts, with auditors’ notes, and accounts for the Institute’s smaller charities may be obtained from head office.

Benevolent Fund The CIoJ - BENEVOLENT STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31st DECEMBER 2018 2018 2017 FUND £ £ - audited accounts Income 2* Investment income 12,334 12,598 Bank interest 49 4 NOTE: Full accounts, with auditors’ notes, and accounts for the Loan repayments 1,300 300 Institute’s smaller charities may be obtained from head office. Other - 20 Copies will also be available on the day at the Institute’s AGM October 25 TOTAL 13,683 12,922

Payments Quick look Grants (6 grants (2017 = 6)) 15,399 7,240 Loans (2 loans (2017 = 1)) 3,900 2,000 During the year the value of the investments decreased by Administrative charges 2,120 1,400 £35,905 (2017 £18,206 increase) due to market factors. Miscellaneous & recharged Expenses 2,163 1,102 Changes in valuation are not realised. Total 23,582 11,742

In 2018 the Fund had incoming resources of £13,683 (2017: £12,922). The Fund made grants to 6 members INCOMING RESOURCES EXCEEDED RESOURCES EXPENDED (9,899) 1,180 (some in multiple tranches) totalling £15,399 and loans to two members totalling of £3,900. (2017: £7,847 and OTHER RECOGNIZED GAINS AND LOSSES £2,000 respectively). Unrealised changes in asset values (35,905) 18,206 The outstanding amount increased on the Charity’s loan Changes in creditors - - book net of repayments to £11,475 (2017: £8,875). Changes in debtors 3,313 1,700 The Trustees exercise discretion in their oversight of NET MOVEMENT IN FUNDS (42,491) 19,906 outstanding loans, recognising that the circumstances of some beneficiaries require the loans to be written down. The most recent loans to have been written down were in OPENING BALANCES 326,085 304,999 2015. FUND BALANCES AT YEAR END 283,594 326,085

Supporting members & their families for more than a century

21 The Journal - Autumn 2019 edition

Pension Fund The CIoJ - PENSION FUND STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2018 - audited accounts 2018 2017 £ £ INCOME Investment income 5,629 8,418 Bank interest 34 3 NOTE: Full accounts, with auditors’ notes, and accounts for the Other - Institute’s smaller charities may be obtained from head office. Copies will also be available on the day at the Institute’s AGM TOTAL 5,663 8,425 October 25

PAYMENTS 2 Grants to 8 pensioners (2017: 5) 10,030 5,690 Quick look 3 Administrative charges 3,169 1,610 Trustees’ Expenses 0 0 During the year the value of the investments decreased by TOTAL 13,199 7,300 £43,360 (2017 £12,692 increase) due to market factors. Changes in valuation are not realised. INCOMING RESOURCES EXCEEDED RESOURCES EXPENDED (7,536) 1,125 In 2018 the Fund had incoming resources of £5,663 (2017 = £8,425). OTHER RECOGNIZED GAINS AND LOSSES Unrealised changes in asset values (43,360) 12,692 Expenditure during the year was £13,198 (2017 = Creditors 2,360 0 £7,300). Expenditure was much higher due to increased payments, two more pensioners and extra administration NET MOVEMENT IN FUNDS (48,536) 12,692 because of legal expenses. OPENING BALANCES 256,180 242,364 During the year there were eight pensioners in receipt of FUND BALANCES AT YEAR END 207,644 256,180 benefit.

Oak Hill & TP O’Connor Fund The CIoJ - OAKHILL & TP STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2018 O’CONNOR FUND 2018 2017 £ £ - audited accounts INCOME Investment income 7,262 8,552 Bank interest 46 4 NOTE: Full accounts, with auditors’ notes, and accounts for the Other income - - Institute’s smaller charities may be obtained from head office. Copies will also be available on the day at the Institute’s AGM TOTAL INCOMING RESOURCES 7,308 8,556 October 25 PAYMENTS Grants (3 grants (2017 = 7 grants)) 2,950 1,461 Administrative charges incl audit fee 920 900 Quick look Legal expenses 1,176 - Trustees’ Expenses 62 170 During the year the value of the investments decreased by TOTAL 5,108 2,531 £23,359 (2017 £13,929 increase) due to market factors. Changes in valuation are not realised.

In 2018 the Fund had incoming resources of £7,308 (2017 INCOMING RESOURCES EXCEEDED RESOURCES EXPENDED 2,200 6,025 = £8,446). OTHER RECOGNIZED GAINS AND LOSSES Expenditure during the year was £5,108 (2017 = £2,531). Unrealised changes in asset values (23,359) 13,929 During the year, grants were made to three journalists Movements - creditors/debtors 1,492 - (2017 = 7). NET MOVEMENT IN FUNDS (19,667) 19,954

OPENING BALANCES 240,799 220,845 FUND BALANCES AT YEAR END 221,132 240,799

£275,000 in essential support to members & their families in the past 5 years

22 The Journal - Autumn 2019 edition CIoJ Welfare Fund elections

t this year’s AGM, members will is maintained. It is vital that we be asked to elect the trustees for preserve the support of those Athe new charitable fund that was vulnerable individuals who have approved by members last year. come to rely on our support. This is a vital part of setting up the new With this in mind, it has been Welfare Fund. Those elected will have the decided that the inaugural trustees responsibility of making sure that the new will be selected from among the fund functions in accordance with the current trustees of the existing Trust Deed, and of caring for the fund’s funds. investment portfolio. Those assets total in Three trustees are needed for the excess of £3.1 million. new fund, and four of our current Since the new fund will be an trustees have put their names forward for The selected trustees will serve for an amalgamation of the Institute’s selection, Below, and on the next page, initial term of three, four and five years. Benevolent, Orphan and Pension Funds, you will find the details of those members At the end of each term the position of one the Institute’s governing Council has taken who are willing to serve on the new fund. trustee will be up for re-selection. Each the decision that continuity is essential to This information will be available online, subsequent term will be three years, and ensure the confidence of our beneficiaries too. trustees will be selected at the AGM.

Nominees in alphabetical order:

Norman Bartlett have been a member of the Chartered Council could exercise more meaningful membership, is the Welfare Fund. Institute of Journalists for over 30 management. In summary I have been actively Iyears, having joined in 1988. I began When I was elected Hon. Vice-President involved in the financial affairs of the to be involved in its management when I of the Institute and inducted as President Institute and its Charities for many years. became Secretary of Freelance Division in 2010, I relinquished my position as Hon. More than this, I have been involved in in 1995 and then elected as Chairman two Treasurer of the Institute but continued charitable activities outside the Institute years later. I was elected to Council in in that role for the Orphan Fund. I had as well. 2003 and have been a member of Council been invited to join the committee of the I was a director of Essex Savers Credit since. Orphan Fund a decade earlier in April Union (NetCUDA) for 5 years and was In the early 2000s, the finances of the 1999. Later the same year, on the death registered with the Financial Conduct Institute were in a parlous state. I was of the previous holder, I was asked to take Authority as an ‘Approved Person’ during appointed by Council as Honorary on the task of Hon. Treasurer of the Fund. that time. (reference NRB01053). Treasurer from 1 January 2004 to improve I now serve on the committees of all the I am a Trustee of local charities including the situation. I played an important part charities. I saw how having four separate Chelmsford Royal Air Forces Association in doing so first by identifying redundant ones involved unnecessary expense and Danbury Society. and wasteful procedures that had grown and failed to address all the needs of I believe my record shows many years over the years and then by careful our members and dependents. Thus I of vision, competence and integrity in my management in resolving them. The began to campaign for the merging of work with charities. I hope you agree finances were stabilised and transparency the Institute’s charities. The result of the and will vote for me as a Trustee of the introduced to the accounts so that campaign, which has been supported by reformed Welfare Fund charity.

Ken Brookes s chairman and a senior trustee Welfare Fund, which will serve and For those who don’t know me, I was for a number of years of two support only Institute members and chairman, hon secretary and vice- Aof the Institute’s charities (the their dependents. This excludes the chairman of the Freelance Division (not Pensions Fund and the Oak Hill & T Oak Hill and T P O’Connor because all at the same time!) for well over 20 P O’Connor Fund), I’ve been asked to it’s open to all professional journalists, years, President 1983-84, Council member say why I’d like to continue serving the whether members of the Institute or not. for more than 50 years and represent the Institute and its members. My response The committee and trustees of the latter CIoJ on the British Copyright Council has to be that charitable works are an will continue to be appointed by the (since 1975) and the Journalists’ Copyright important function of an organisation like Council and its chairman to be elected Fund (of which I’m chairman, elected by the Institute, and I hope I can continue to by the committee itself, a dedicated NUJ and SoA members). And I’m still a make a contribution. group devoted to the wellbeing of fellow working journalist. In fact only one of these charities (the journalists. If appointed and elected, I’ll Pensions Fund) will become part of the continue to serve to the best of my ability.

23 The Journal - Autumn 2019 edition

Liz Justice joined the CIoJ because I wanted to be our task is to support the members and not stop me from speaking in support of part of the oldest professional body for their familes through what is often very the move at last year’s AGM to combine Ijournalists but, at the same time, I am difficult and life-changing circumstances. the charities to better meet those far wider keenly aware that all organisations need That support may be help children needs. to have the flexibility to change as life is through berevement and schooling, or I hope some traditions will survive and always on the move. members taking up new training to re- that the new body will quietly but quickly As a Past President, the elected current skill when times have changed. In all we assess a members needs, as well as Chair of the Orphan Fund, part of our hope that with our encouragement the actively support our existing beneficiaries membership approval board and editor families of members are able to move on in the new system. of our LinkedIn page, I can not emphasise and make some happy memories. This is very important for our younger enough that all those roles involve real life This was a driving force for me to beneficiariesas I know from meeting them issues for the Institute to handle. campaign for change so our members can for lunch in July that our help is one of the I will never forget hearing of members apply to a single fund at times of need reasons they are flourishing. facing redundancy, or struggling through and prudent decisions can be easily set in I hope, with your support, I can remain ill health (and many other chats involving motion. an active trustee to offer a warm embrace long standing members) who were either While I can assure you the money from to our members - possibly even you or reluctant to ask for help or unaware they the Orphan Fund has been used effectively your family - to provide discreet but could. Through the work of all our funds, to support some young people, that did much needed help in the years to come.

Paul Leighton first began to understand the largely that Fund for most of those years since wider awareness of the needs of Institute undersung but remarkable work of and believe it is one the most meaningful members at what has become a very Ithe Institute’s various welfare funds roles that Institute volunteers undertake. difficult time in the journalistic profession. when I joined the Institute Orphan Fund Seeing past orphans supported and Members will know I have been hugely in 1989. (Good grief! Have I really been helped as they matured into young, and privileged to serve as Institute President actively involved that long?)) frequently very talented, adults has been - on two occasions (1990 and 2014/15) I had just been elected Vice-President and continues to be - truly rewarding. and I am ready to continue putting my and saw, at close quarters, the very I have also served as a Trustee of the experience at the service of members, thoughtful way in which the then Fund Benevolent Fund for a number of years, which is why I offer myself as a potential members went about supporting our and most recently joined the Oakhill Fund Trustee for our new Welfare Fund. beneficiaries. I have been a member of committee, which I hope has given me a

Harvey Thomas • I have been a formal Trustee of careful investment, the Fund Charity Commission to give the the Orphan Fund since my Deed from £200,000 into £2+ million. Orphan Fund the freedom, if of Appointment in 1987. Trustees thought it best, to assist • For many years I was Chairman financially some other Institute • Along with many other senior of the London Region. Charities. members of the Institute (Henry Douglas, Cyril Bainbridge, • For 12 years I was Director of • Having worked and supported Patricia Latham, Ken Brookes, Press for the Conservative Party the Institute’s Orphans for more Chris Underwood, Bill Tadd, and Political Secretary to the than 30 years, they are a serious Paul Leighton, John Gaselee, Prime Minister. priority for me. Roger Bush etc.), I was intensely involved in fundraising for the • I was one of the Trustees who Orphans and in turning, through met and negotiated with the

CIoJ Funds in numbers...

128 - years of support £65,033 - total support provided in 2018 (£41,465 in 2017) 21 - people in receipt of support in 2018 £3.1m – the value of Institute charitable funds (more than £3.3m in total charitable fund valuations) 20 - families helped in 2018

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