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Commercial Regional Space/Airborne Imaging

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Commercial Regional Space/Airborne Imaging Air Force Institute of Technology AFIT Scholar Theses and Dissertations Student Graduate Works 3-2002 Commercial Regional Space/Airborne Imaging Ugur Akyazi Ali Durmus Birce Boga Bakirli Arif Arin Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.afit.edu/etd Part of the Remote Sensing Commons, and the Systems Engineering and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Commons Recommended Citation Akyazi, Ugur; Durmus, Ali; Bakirli, Birce Boga; and Arin, Arif, "Commercial Regional Space/Airborne Imaging" (2002). Theses and Dissertations. 4522. https://scholar.afit.edu/etd/4522 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Graduate Works at AFIT Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of AFIT Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. COMMERCIAL REGIONAL SPACE/AIRBORNE IMAGING THESIS Arif Arin Ali Durmus First Lieutenant, TUAF First Lieutenant, TUAF Birce Boga Bakirli Ugur Akyazi First Lieutenant, TUAF Second Lieutenant, TUAF AFIT-GSE-ENY-02-1 DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE AIR UNIVERSITY AIR FORCE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED. Report Documentation Page Report Date Report Type Dates Covered (from... to) 26 Mar 02 Final Jun 2001 - Mar 2002 Title and Subtitle Contract Number Commercial Reguional Space/Airborne Imaging Grant Number Program Element Number Author(s) Project Number 1st Lt Arif Arin, TUAF 1st Lt Ali Durmus, TUAF 1st Lt Birce Boga Bakirli, TUAF 2nd Lt Ugur Akyazi, Task Number TUAF Work Unit Number Performing Organization Name(s) and Address(es) Performing Organization Report Number Air Force Institute of Technology Graduate School of AFIT/GSE/ENY/02-1 Engineering and Management (AFIT/EN) 2950 P Street, Bldg 640 WPAFB OH 45433-7765 Sponsoring/Monitoring Agency Name(s) and Sponsor/Monitor’s Acronym(s) Address(es) Sponsor/Monitor’s Report Number(s) Distribution/Availability Statement Approved for public release, distribution unlimited Supplementary Notes The original document contains color images. Abstract In most recent years, both high-resolution imagery systems and images were only available to military and national security organizations. Distinctive changes within the commercial image industry allowed space-borne pioneers to provide high-resolution images. Space-borne Image Company’s Ikonos satellite provides a 1-meter resolution for the past 3 years. Current development of .5-meter resolution will be offered in the near future. Access of these images is available in ground stations located worldwide in different regions. Studies have shown that these high quality images are eye-catching and may serve a purpose through its design; on contrary high cost and accessibility does not met all the requirements of a nation or a region. A nation certainly cannot rely on a foreign commercial company for reconnaissance needs in times of crisis. The best frequency of coverage for a single point on earth is available once every 2.9 days on an average with high resolution. This study seeks a commercial imaging solution for regional applications. Mission requirements are set well above the existing commercial imaging systems including; continuous coverage during daylight hours, and daily re-visitation; service 5 to 25 ’simultaneous’ customers in addition to competitive resolution and cost. Alternatives considered included satellites, small satellites, UAV’s and mixed systems. Inflatable technologies that permit higher orbit attitude and solar-powered UAV’s with extended on-station times are also evaluated in this study. Subject Terms Systems Engineering Process, Value System Design, Utility Theory, Space/Airborne Vehicles Cost Model, Tradeoff Studies, Satellite Payload Design, Orbit Selection for Satellites, Sensitivity Analysis, Satllite and UAV Imaging, Regional Coverage Report Classification Classification of this page unclassified unclassified Classification of Abstract Limitation of Abstract unclassified UU Number of Pages 177 The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or positions of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, the U.S. Government, or the Government of Turkish Republic. AFIT-GSE-ENY-02-1 COMMERCIAL REGIONAL SPACE/AIRBORNE IMAGING THESIS Presented to the Faculty Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Graduate School of Engineering and Management Air Force Institute of Technology Air University Air Education and Training Command In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Arif Arin Ali Durmus First Lieutenant, TUAF First Lieutenant, TUAF Birce Boga Bakirli Ugur Akyazi First Lieutenant, TUAF Second Lieutenant, TUAF March 2002 APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED AFIT-GSE-ENY-02-1 COMMERCIAL REGIONAL SPACE/AIRBORNE IMAGING Arif Arin Ali Durmus First Lieutenant, TUAF First Lieutenant, TUAF Birce Boga Bakirli Ugur Akyazi First Lieutenant, TUAF Second Lieutenant, TUAF Approved: //signed// Prof. Curtis H. Spenny (Advisor) Date //signed// Lt. Col. Ernest P. Smith (Reader) Date //signed// Dr. Steven G. Tragesser (Reader) Date ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to express our appreciation to our thesis advisor, Prof. Curtis H. Spenny, for his guidance and support throughout the course of this thesis effort. He has always been helpful, patient and understanding whenever we were full of questions. We would like to thank our faculty advisor and committee member, Lt. Col. Ernest P. Smith that he was near us from the beginning to the end with his valuable critiques and guidance. We also would like to thank our other committee member, Dr. Steven G. Tragesser, for his contributions to this endeavor. We would especially like to thank our family and friends for their constant motivation. Arif Arin Ali Durmus Birce Boga Bakirli Ugur Akyazi iv Table of Contents Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................................................................... iv Table of Contents.................................................................................................................v List of Figures................................................................................................................... xii List of Tables ................................................................................................................... xiv ACRONYM LIST........................................................................................................... xvi ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................xviii COMMERCIAL REGIONAL SPACE/AIRBORNE IMAGING.......................................1 Chapter 1 - Introduction.................................................................................................1 1.1 Chapter Overview ................................................................................................1 1.2 Background ..........................................................................................................1 1.3 Mission Statement................................................................................................3 1.4 Mission Objectives...............................................................................................4 1.5 Preliminary Mission Requirements......................................................................5 1.6 Scope And Limitations.........................................................................................7 1.7 Target Area...........................................................................................................7 v Page 1.8 Assumptions.........................................................................................................8 1.9 Contribution.........................................................................................................8 Chapter 2 - Literature Review......................................................................................10 2.1 Chapter Overview ..............................................................................................10 2.2 Space History in Turkey.....................................................................................10 2.3 Mission Module Types.......................................................................................12 2.3.1 Electro-Optical Imaging (EOI)..............................................................12 2.3.2 Multispectral Imaging (MSI).................................................................12 2.3.3 LASER/LIDAR Applications................................................................13 2.3.4 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)...........................................................13 2.4 Current Imaging Systems...................................................................................13 2.4.1 IKONOS................................................................................................14 2.5 Other Feasible Technologies..............................................................................19 2.5.1 Helios.....................................................................................................19 2.5.2 Inflatable Space Structures ....................................................................22 2.5.3 Small Satellites ......................................................................................24 Chapter 3 - Systems Engineering Process..................................................................27
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