Jason-1 Products Handbook
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OSTM/Jason-2 Products Handbook
OSTM/Jason-2 Products Handbook References: CNES : SALP-MU-M-OP-15815-CN EUMETSAT : EUM/OPS-JAS/MAN/08/0041 JPL: OSTM-29-1237 NOAA : Issue: 1 rev 0 Date: 17 June 2008 OSTM/Jason-2 Products Handbook Iss :1.0 - date : 17 June 2008 i.1 Chronology Issues: Issue: Date: Reason for change: 1rev0 June 17, 2008 Initial Issue People involved in this issue: Written by (*) : Date J.P. DUMONT CLS V. ROSMORDUC CLS N. PICOT CNES S. DESAI NASA/JPL H. BONEKAMP EUMETSAT J. FIGA EUMETSAT J. LILLIBRIDGE NOAA R. SHARROO ALTIMETRICS Index Sheet : Context: Keywords: Hyperlink: OSTM/Jason-2 Products Handbook Iss :1.0 - date : 17 June 2008 i.2 List of tables and figures List of tables: Table 1 : Differences between Auxiliary Data for O/I/GDR Products 1 Table 2 : Summary of error budget at the end of the verification phase 9 Table 3 : Main features of the OSTM/Jason-2 satellite 11 Table 4 : Mean classical orbit elements 16 Table 5 : Orbit auxiliary data 16 Table 6 : Equator Crossing Longitudes (in order of Pass Number) 18 Table 7 : Equator Crossing Longitudes (in order of Longitude) 19 Table 8 : Models and standards 21 Table 9 : CLS01 MSS model characteristics 22 Table 10 : CLS Rio 05 MDT model characteristics 23 Table 11 : Recommended editing criteria 26 Table 12 : Recommended filtering criteria 26 Table 13 : Recommended additional empirical tests 26 Table 14 : Main characteristics of (O)(I)GDR products 40 Table 15 - Dimensions used in the OSTM/Jason-2 data sets 42 Table 16 - netCDF variable type 42 Table 17 - Variable’s attributes 43 List of figures: Figure 1 -
Ocean Surface Topography Altimetry by Large Baseline Cross-Interferometry from Satellite Formation
remote sensing Article Ocean Surface Topography Altimetry by Large Baseline Cross-Interferometry from Satellite Formation Weiya Kong 1,2, Bo Liu 2,*, Xiaohong Sui 2, Running Zhang 3 and Jinping Sun 1 1 School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; [email protected] (W.K.); [email protected] (J.S.) 2 Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space and Technology, Beijing 100094, China; [email protected] 3 Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering, Beijing 100094, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-010-6811-3401 Received: 21 September 2020; Accepted: 26 October 2020; Published: 27 October 2020 Abstract: Imaging Radar Altimeter (IRA) is the current development tendency for ocean surface topography (OST) altimetry,which utilizes Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and interferometry to improve the spatial resolution of OST to several kilometers or even better. Meanwhile, centimetric altimetry accuracy should be guaranteed for applications such as geostrophic currents or marine gravity anomaly inversion. However, the baseline length of IRA which determines the altimetric sensitivity is confined by the satellite platform, in consideration of baseline vibration and payload capability. Therefore, the baseline length from a single satellite can extend to only tens of meters, making it difficult to achieve centimetric accuracy. Referring to the successful experience from TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X, satellite formation can easily extend the baseline length to hundreds or thousands of meters, depending on the helix orbit. Therefore, we propose the large baseline IRA (LB-IRA) from satellite formation for OST altimetry: the carrier frequency shift (CFS) is brought in to compensate for the severe baseline decorrelation, and the helix orbit is carefully selected to prevent severe time decorrelation from along-track baseline. -
Estimating Gale to Hurricane Force Winds Using the Satellite Altimeter
VOLUME 28 JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY APRIL 2011 Estimating Gale to Hurricane Force Winds Using the Satellite Altimeter YVES QUILFEN Space Oceanography Laboratory, IFREMER, Plouzane´, France DOUG VANDEMARK Ocean Process Analysis Laboratory, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire BERTRAND CHAPRON Space Oceanography Laboratory, IFREMER, Plouzane´, France HUI FENG Ocean Process Analysis Laboratory, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire JOE SIENKIEWICZ Ocean Prediction Center, NCEP/NOAA, Camp Springs, Maryland (Manuscript received 21 September 2010, in final form 29 November 2010) ABSTRACT A new model is provided for estimating maritime near-surface wind speeds (U10) from satellite altimeter backscatter data during high wind conditions. The model is built using coincident satellite scatterometer and altimeter observations obtained from QuikSCAT and Jason satellite orbit crossovers in 2008 and 2009. The new wind measurements are linear with inverse radar backscatter levels, a result close to the earlier altimeter high wind speed model of Young (1993). By design, the model only applies for wind speeds above 18 m s21. Above this level, standard altimeter wind speed algorithms are not reliable and typically underestimate the true value. Simple rules for applying the new model to the present-day suite of satellite altimeters (Jason-1, Jason-2, and Envisat RA-2) are provided, with a key objective being provision of enhanced data for near-real- time forecast and warning applications surrounding gale to hurricane force wind events. Model limitations and strengths are discussed and highlight the valuable 5-km spatial resolution sea state and wind speed al- timeter information that can complement other data sources included in forecast guidance and air–sea in- teraction studies. -
Generation of GOES-16 True Color Imagery Without a Green Band
Confidential manuscript submitted to Earth and Space Science 1 Generation of GOES-16 True Color Imagery without a Green Band 2 M.K. Bah1, M. M. Gunshor1, T. J. Schmit2 3 1 Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS), 1225 West Dayton Street, 4 Madison, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA 5 2 NOAA/NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research, Advanced Satellite Products 6 Branch (ASPB), Madison, Wisconsin, USA 7 8 Corresponding Author: Kaba Bah: ([email protected]) 9 Key Points: 10 • The Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) is the latest generation Geostationary Operational 11 Environmental Satellite (GOES) imagers operated by the U.S. The ABI is improved in 12 many ways over preceding GOES imagers. 13 • There are a number of approaches to generating true color images; all approaches that use 14 the GOES-16 ABI need to first generate the visible “green” spectral band. 15 • Comparisons are shown between different methods for generating true color images from 16 the ABI observations and those from the Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) on 17 Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR). 18 Confidential manuscript submitted to Earth and Space Science 19 Abstract 20 A number of approaches have been developed to generate true color images from the Advanced 21 Baseline Imager (ABI) on the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-16. 22 GOES-16 is the first of a series of four spacecraft with the ABI onboard. These approaches are 23 complicated since the ABI does not have a “green” (0.55 µm) spectral band. Despite this 24 limitation, representative true color images can be built. -
Sea-Level Rise for the Coasts of California, Oregon, and Washington: Past, Present, and Future
Sea-Level Rise for the Coasts of California, Oregon, and Washington: Past, Present, and Future As more and more states are incorporating projections of sea-level rise into coastal planning efforts, the states of California, Oregon, and Washington asked the National Research Council to project sea-level rise along their coasts for the years 2030, 2050, and 2100, taking into account the many factors that affect sea-level rise on a local scale. The projections show a sharp distinction at Cape Mendocino in northern California. South of that point, sea-level rise is expected to be very close to global projections; north of that point, sea-level rise is projected to be less than global projections because seismic strain is pushing the land upward. ny significant sea-level In compliance with a rise will pose enor- 2008 executive order, mous risks to the California state agencies have A been incorporating projec- valuable infrastructure, devel- opment, and wetlands that line tions of sea-level rise into much of the 1,600 mile shore- their coastal planning. This line of California, Oregon, and study provides the first Washington. For example, in comprehensive regional San Francisco Bay, two inter- projections of the changes in national airports, the ports of sea level expected in San Francisco and Oakland, a California, Oregon, and naval air station, freeways, Washington. housing developments, and sports stadiums have been Global Sea-Level Rise built on fill that raised the land Following a few thousand level only a few feet above the years of relative stability, highest tides. The San Francisco International Airport (center) global sea level has been Sea-level change is linked and surrounding areas will begin to flood with as rising since the late 19th or to changes in the Earth’s little as 40 cm (16 inches) of sea-level rise, a early 20th century, when climate. -
Editorial for the Special Issue “Remote Sensing of Clouds”
remote sensing Editorial Editorial for the Special Issue “Remote Sensing of Clouds” Filomena Romano Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis, National Research Council (IMAA/CNR), 85100 Potenza, Italy; fi[email protected] Received: 7 December 2020; Accepted: 8 December 2020; Published: 14 December 2020 Keywords: clouds; satellite; ground-based; remote sensing; meteorology; microphysical cloud parameters Remote sensing of clouds is a subject of intensive study in modern atmospheric remote sensing. Cloud systems are important in weather, hydrological, and climate research, as well as in practical applications. Because they affect water transport and precipitation, clouds play an integral role in the Earth’s hydrological cycle. Moreover, they impact the Earth’s energy budget by interacting with incoming shortwave radiation and outgoing longwave radiation. Clouds can markedly affect the radiation budget, both in the solar and thermal spectral ranges, thereby playing a fundamental role in the Earth’s climatic state and affecting climate forcing. Global changes in surface temperature are highly sensitive to the amounts and types of clouds. Hence, it is not surprising that the largest uncertainty in model estimates of global warming is due to clouds. Their properties can change over time, leading to a planetary energy imbalance and effects on a global scale. Optical and thermal infrared remote sensing of clouds is a mature research field with a long history, and significant progress has been achieved using both ground-based and satellite instrumentation in the retrieval of microphysical cloud parameters. This Special Issue (SI) presents recent results in ground-based and satellite remote sensing of clouds, including innovative applications for meteorology and atmospheric physics, as well as the validation of retrievals based on independent measurements. -
Dear Dr. Saverio Mori, Thank You Very Much for Kindly Inviting Us To
Dear Dr. Saverio Mori, Thank you very much for kindly inviting us to submit a revised manuscript titled “Simulating precipitation radar observations from a geostationary satellite” to Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. We would also appreciate the time and effort you and the reviewers have dedicated to providing insightful feedback on the ways to strengthen our paper. We would like to submit our revised manuscript. We have incorporated changes that reflect the suggestions you and the reviewers have provided. We hope that the revisions properly address the suggestions and comments. Sincerely, A. Okazaki, T. Honda, S. Kotsuki, M. Yamaji, T. Kubota, R. Oki, T. Iguchi, and T. Miyoshi The reviewer comments are in blue and italic and the replies are in black. Anonymous Referee #1 The manuscript presents the usefulness of a “feasible” Ku-band precipitation radar for a geostationary satellite (GeoSat/PR). It is an effort ongoing at JAXA to overcome two limitations of orbiting radar-based systems such as TRMM or GPM, namely, the limited swath and revisit time. A geostationary satellite needs a larger antenna than TRMM PR and GPM KuPR. A 20-m antenna for a 20 km footprint is considered in the study for its feasibility. The scan of the radar is within 6◦ that makes measurements available for a circular disk with a diameter of 8400 km. Effects of Non Uniform Beam Filling (NUBF) and clutter are presented usng an extremely simple cloud model. The impact of coarse resolutions of the GeoSat/PR is quantified on 3-D Typhoon observations obtained with realistic simulations. The subject of is important and the manuscript is, in general, well written. -
Causes of Sea Level Rise
FACT SHEET Causes of Sea OUR COASTAL COMMUNITIES AT RISK Level Rise What the Science Tells Us HIGHLIGHTS From the rocky shoreline of Maine to the busy trading port of New Orleans, from Roughly a third of the nation’s population historic Golden Gate Park in San Francisco to the golden sands of Miami Beach, lives in coastal counties. Several million our coasts are an integral part of American life. Where the sea meets land sit some of our most densely populated cities, most popular tourist destinations, bountiful of those live at elevations that could be fisheries, unique natural landscapes, strategic military bases, financial centers, and flooded by rising seas this century, scientific beaches and boardwalks where memories are created. Yet many of these iconic projections show. These cities and towns— places face a growing risk from sea level rise. home to tourist destinations, fisheries, Global sea level is rising—and at an accelerating rate—largely in response to natural landscapes, military bases, financial global warming. The global average rise has been about eight inches since the centers, and beaches and boardwalks— Industrial Revolution. However, many U.S. cities have seen much higher increases in sea level (NOAA 2012a; NOAA 2012b). Portions of the East and Gulf coasts face a growing risk from sea level rise. have faced some of the world’s fastest rates of sea level rise (NOAA 2012b). These trends have contributed to loss of life, billions of dollars in damage to coastal The choices we make today are critical property and infrastructure, massive taxpayer funding for recovery and rebuild- to protecting coastal communities. -
High Altitude Nuclear Detonations (HAND) Against Low Earth Orbit Satellites ("HALEOS")
High Altitude Nuclear Detonations (HAND) Against Low Earth Orbit Satellites ("HALEOS") DTRA Advanced Systems and Concepts Office April 2001 1 3/23/01 SPONSOR: Defense Threat Reduction Agency - Dr. Jay Davis, Director Advanced Systems and Concepts Office - Dr. Randall S. Murch, Director BACKGROUND: The Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) was founded in 1998 to integrate and focus the capabilities of the Department of Defense (DoD) that address the weapons of mass destruction (WMD) threat. To assist the Agency in its primary mission, the Advanced Systems and Concepts Office (ASCO) develops and maintains and evolving analytical vision of necessary and sufficient capabilities to protect United States and Allied forces and citizens from WMD attack. ASCO is also charged by DoD and by the U.S. Government generally to identify gaps in these capabilities and initiate programs to fill them. It also provides support to the Threat Reduction Advisory Committee (TRAC), and its Panels, with timely, high quality research. SUPERVISING PROJECT OFFICER: Dr. John Parmentola, Chief, Advanced Operations and Systems Division, ASCO, DTRA, (703)-767-5705. The publication of this document does not indicate endorsement by the Department of Defense, nor should the contents be construed as reflecting the official position of the sponsoring agency. 1 Study Participants • DTRA/AS • RAND – John Parmentola – Peter Wilson – Thomas Killion – Roger Molander – William Durch – David Mussington – Terry Heuring – Richard Mesic – James Bonomo • DTRA/TD – Lewis Cohn • Logicon RDA – Les Palkuti – Glenn Kweder – Thomas Kennedy – Rob Mahoney – Kenneth Schwartz – Al Costantine – Balram Prasad • Mission Research Corp. – William White 2 3/23/01 2 Focus of This Briefing • Vulnerability of commercial and government-owned, unclassified satellite constellations in low earth orbit (LEO) to the effects of a high-altitude nuclear explosion. -
Cassini RADAR Sequence Planning and Instrument Performance Richard D
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING, VOL. 47, NO. 6, JUNE 2009 1777 Cassini RADAR Sequence Planning and Instrument Performance Richard D. West, Yanhua Anderson, Rudy Boehmer, Leonardo Borgarelli, Philip Callahan, Charles Elachi, Yonggyu Gim, Gary Hamilton, Scott Hensley, Michael A. Janssen, William T. K. Johnson, Kathleen Kelleher, Ralph Lorenz, Steve Ostro, Member, IEEE, Ladislav Roth, Scott Shaffer, Bryan Stiles, Steve Wall, Lauren C. Wye, and Howard A. Zebker, Fellow, IEEE Abstract—The Cassini RADAR is a multimode instrument used the European Space Agency, and the Italian Space Agency to map the surface of Titan, the atmosphere of Saturn, the Saturn (ASI). Scientists and engineers from 17 different countries ring system, and to explore the properties of the icy satellites. have worked on the Cassini spacecraft and the Huygens probe. Four different active mode bandwidths and a passive radiometer The spacecraft was launched on October 15, 1997, and then mode provide a wide range of flexibility in taking measurements. The scatterometer mode is used for real aperture imaging of embarked on a seven-year cruise out to Saturn with flybys of Titan, high-altitude (around 20 000 km) synthetic aperture imag- Venus, the Earth, and Jupiter. The spacecraft entered Saturn ing of Titan and Iapetus, and long range (up to 700 000 km) orbit on July 1, 2004 with a successful orbit insertion burn. detection of disk integrated albedos for satellites in the Saturn This marked the start of an intensive four-year primary mis- system. Two SAR modes are used for high- and medium-resolution sion full of remote sensing observations by a dozen instru- (300–1000 m) imaging of Titan’s surface during close flybys. -
Radar Remote Sensing - S
GEOINFORMATICS – Vol. I - Radar Remote Sensing - S. Quegan RADAR REMOTE SENSING S. Quegan Sheffield Centre for Earth Observation Science, University of Sheffield, U.K. Keywords: Scatterometry, altimetry, synthetic aperture radar, SAR, microwaves, scattering models, geocoding, radargrammetry, interferometry, differential interferometry, topographic mapping, digital elevation model, agriculture, forestry, hydrology, soil moisture, earthquakes, floods, oceanography, sea ice, land ice, snow Contents 1. Introduction 2. Basic Properties of Radar Systems 3. Characteristics of Radar Systems 4. What a Radar Measures 5. Radar Sensors and Their Applications 6. Synthetic Aperture Radar Applications 7. Future Prospects Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary Radar sensors transmit radiation at radio wavelengths (i.e. from around 1 cm to several meters) and use the measured return to infer properties of the earth’s surface. The surface properties affecting the return (of which the most important are the dielectric constant and geometrical structure) are very different from those determining observations at optical and infrared frequencies. Hence radar offers distinctive perspectives on the earth. In addition, the transparency of the atmosphere at radar wavelengths means that cloud does not prevent observation of the earth, so radar is well suited to monitoring purposes. Three types of spaceborne radar instrument are particularly important. Scatterometers make very accurate measurements of the backscatter fromUNESCO the earth, their most impor –tant EOLSSuse being to derive wind speeds and directions over the ocean. Altimeters measure the distance between the satellite platform and the surface to centimetric accuracy, from which several important geophysical quantities can be recovered, such as the topography of the ocean surface and its variation, oceanSAMPLE currents, significant wave height, CHAPTERS and the mass balance and dynamics of the major ice sheets. -
STS-108/ISS-UF1 Quick-Look Data Spaceflight Now
STS-108/ISS-UF1 Quick-Look Data Spaceflight Now Rank/Seats STS-108 ISS-UF1 Family/TIS DOB STS-108 Hardware and Flight Data Commander Navy Capt. Dominic L. Gorie M/2 05/02/57 STS Mission STS-108/ISS-UF1 Up 44; STS-91,99 25.8 * Orbiter Endeavour (17th flight) Pilot/IV Navy Lt. Cmdr. Mark Kelly M/2 02/21/64 Payload Crew transfer; ISS resupply Up 37; Rookie 4.75 Launch 05:19:28 PM 12.05.01 MS1/EV1 Linda Godwin, Ph.D. M/2 07/02/52 Pad/MLP 39B/MLP1 Up/Down-5 49; STS-37,59,76 31.15 Prime TAL Zaragoza MS2/EV2/FE Daniel Tani M/0 02/01/61 Landing 01:03:00 PM 12.17.01 Up 40; Rookie 4.75 Landing Site Kennedy Space Center Duration 11/19:44 ISS-4 Air Force Col. Carl Walz M/2 09/06/55 Down-5 46; STS-51,65,79 39.25 Endeavour 167/13:26:34 ISS-4 CIS AF Col. Yuri Onufrienko M/3 02/06/61 STS Program 943/13:26:34 Down-6 40; Mir-21 197.75 ISS-4 Navy Capt. Daniel Bursch M/4 07/25/57 MECO Ha/Hp 169 X 40 nm Down-7 44; STS-51,68,77 35.85 OMS Ha/Hp 175 X 105 nm ISS Ha/Hp 235 X 229 (varies) ISS-3 Frank Culbertson M/5 05/15/49 Period 91.6 minutes Down-6 52; STS-38, 51,ISS-3 136.89 Inclination 51.6 degrees ISS-3 Mikhail Tyurin M/1 03/02/60 Velocity 17,212 mph Down-7 40; ISS-3 122.59 EOM Miles 4,467,219 miles ISS-3 CIS Lt.