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Multiethnica 1 multiethnica 1 multiethnica 3–42 • TEMA MINORITETER I NORDISK KONTEXT - Ett tack till Leena Huss för hennes forskargärning 36–37 4 Minoriteter och Mobilitet i Europa – SIA SPILIOPOULOU ÅKERMARK Oktober 2017 13 Situationen för finska och meänkieli i Sverige – JARMO LAINIO 28 Revitalisering av nationella minoritetsspråk – LEENA HUSS 33 Media och minoriteter – TOM MORING 53 Industrialisering och minoriteter på Nordkalotten – FLORIAN HISS 61 Linguistic diversity in Pakistan – HENRIK LILJEGREN AND FAKHRUDDIN AKHUNZADA 3 konferens • 43 hedersdoktor • 80 nya projekt • 86 medverkande Hugo Valentin-centrum Uppsala universitet nr 37 (2017) 2 multiethnica Etniska relationer i tider av förändring Internationell forskning med stor samhällsrelevans Den politiska utvecklingen på sena- tien under andra världskriget; Robert tional Law? Could We, Should We? re år har föranlett eftertanke och de- Borges forskning om revitaliseringen (som organiserades av vår tidigare batt kring frågor om etnicitet, nation av det vymysöriska språket i Polen; medarbetare Mats Deland), samt och våld, samt hur man skall han- Jim Porters postdoc-projekt om ras- den årliga Hugo Valentin-föreläs- tera relationen mellan majoritets- tänkande, intelligenstester och mi- ningen. År 2015 hade vi Dieter Pohl samhället och olika minoriteter. Do- noritetsformering i USA efter andra från Alpe-Adria Universität som nald Trumps seger i det amerikan- världskriget; Holly Guthreys projekt gäst, vilket 2016 följdes av professor ska valet, nationalismens framväxt i om försoningsprocesser i Sydameri- Cathie Carmichael från East Anglia Europa och de hot som inte minst kanska lokalsamhällen; samt Pontus University. I år gästades vi av Chris- den akademiska världen har utsatts Rudbergs studie kring mottagande topher R. Browning, professor eme- för vittnar om det stora behov som och repatriering av judiska flykting- ritus vid University of North Caro- finns av att försöka förstå de kom- ar under efterkrigstidens första de- lina i Chapel Hill. plexa samhällsprocesser som har cennium i Sverige (för mer detal- gjort populismen möjlig. Denna typ jer om projekten, se ss. 80–81). Till Som en del i arbetet med att sprida av frågor är också centrala för Hugo dessa skall läggas två externfinan- forskningsresultat till det omgivande Valentin-cemtrums verksamhet, vil- sierade projekt, närmare bestämt samhället har vi även anordnat re- ket vittnar om att vår forskning har Johannes Heumans internationella gelbundna öppna föreläsningsserier, jämförelsevis stor samhällsrelevans. postoc-projekt om relationen mel- senast med inriktning på nationella HVC genomgick nyligen en omor- lan judar och muslimer i Frankrike minoriteter, respektive minneskul- ganisation, som innebar att enheten efter andra världskriget och den av tur kring andra världskriget i Östeu- förlades till Historiska institutionen Roland Kostić leddaćjämförande stu- ropa. Till det skall läggas den konfe- vid Uppsala universitet. I samband die om försoningsprocesser i Bos- rens som hölls i december 2015 om med detta fick verksamheten också nien och Hercegovina, Moçambique nationella minoriteter och som till- en ny instruktion, som bland annat och Sri Lanka. Avslutningsvis bör ägnades vår mångåriga medarbetare stipulerar att ”studiet av kulturella, också nämnas att vi för första gång- Leena Huss. I detta dubbelnummer sociala och politiska fenomen och en på många år har kunnat medfi- av Multiethnica kan du läsa om de förändringsprocesser relaterade till nansiera två doktorandtjänster. Lior vetenskapliga frågor, som Leena äg- den etniska dimensionen i mänskligt Becker kommer inom ramen för det nade en stor del av sitt yrkesverk- liv, respektive Förintelse- och folk- ena att studera så kallade Yizkor- samma liv åt. Dessa inkluderar mi- mordsstudier” även framdeles skall böcker (judiska minnesböcker över noritetsrättigheter, språklig revitali- ligga i forskningens fokus. Forintelsen), medan Kate Lonergans sering och minoritetskultur i vidare doktorandprojekt rör försoningspro- bemärkelse. Hennes bidrag till forsk- En gynnsam utveckling har möjlig- cesser i Sri Lanka. ningsfältet grundas i gedigna kun- gjort för HVC att gå in i en expan- skaper inte minst när det gäller de siv fas under de år som har följt på Forskningen vid HVC har en utpräg- samiska och finskspråkiga minorite- förra utgåvan av Multiethnica, vilket lat tvärvetenskaplig karaktär, vilket terna, men hon hade självklart också bland annat har resulterat i ett an- också karakteriserar den forsknings- vidare internationella intressen. Ett tal satsningar på postdoktoranställ- miljö vi har byggt upp under en stort tack riktas till konferensdelta- ningar. Till de nya projekten hör Ida längre tid. Internationalisering är en garna och särskilt till dem som har Ohlsson al Fakirs studie om svenska annan mycket viktig del av verksam- bidragit till detta nummer. Trevlig kyrkans relation till olika migrant- heten, där HVC:s medarbetare har läsning! grupper inklusive romer och resan- varit mycket framgångsrika under de; Goran Miljans projekt om förföl- de gångna åren. Till meriterna hör jelser av judar i den fascistiska stats- anordnandet av den internationella Tomislav Dulić bildningen Oberoende Staten Kroa- konferensen Historicising Interna- nr 37 (2017) multiethnica 3 Rapport från ett symposium: Revitalisering av minoritetsspråk – förutsättningar och framtidsutsikter Ett symposium anordnat till Leena Huss ära av forskargruppen NAMIS (Forum för nationella minoriteter i Sverige) vid Hugo Valentin-centrum, Uppsala universitet. Den 11 december 2015 anordnade Hugo Valentin- uppskattade av symposiedeltagarna, vilka bidrog centrum ett symposium till ära för Leena Huss. Ar- aktivt i diskussionerna. rangemanget hölls vid Evolutionsbiologiskt centrum Sia Spiliopoulou Åkermark öppnade symposiet (EBC), där närmare hundra deltagare samlades. med sitt bidrag ”Minoriteter och mobilitet i Euro- Minoritetsforskningen vid Hugo Valentin-centr- pa”. Leena Huss koncentrerade sig på den minori- um (tidigare Centrum för multietnisk forskning) tetsspråkspolitiska situationen i Sverige i sitt före- startade redan 1985. År 2000 grundades Forum för drag ”Sveriges nationella minoritetsspråkspolitik i nationella minoriteter i Sverige (NAMIS), vars över- ett revitaliseringsperspektiv”. Utbildningsfrågor och gripande målsättning är att förbättra möjligheterna språkliga domäner stod i centrum för Jarmo Lainios för forskningssamarbete inom de tre temaområdena anförande ”Situationen för Sveriges nationella mino- nationella minoriteter, minoritetsspråk och minori- tetskulturer samt språkpolitik och kulturpolitik. Professor emerita Leena Huss har varit en dri- vande kraft vid minoritetsspråks- och revitalise- ritetsspråk 2015 – särskilt de östersjöfinska språken finska och meänkieli”. Kenneth Hyltenstam analy- serade å sin sida utvecklingen inom modersmålsun- ringsforskningen vid Centret under flera decennier. dervisningen i sin föreläsning ”Modersmålsundervis- Revitaliseringsforskningen utgör idag en viktig del ning, revitalisering och språkideologi”. Erling Wan- av minoritetsforskningen och är också en del av des föreläsning om språksituationen i Tornedalen forskningen kring mänskliga rättigheter. hade titeln ”Quo vadis, Meänkieli? – Synpunkter I detta nummer av Multiethnica publicerar vi på meänkielis utveckling igår, idag och i morgon”. föreläsningar av Sia Spiliopoulou Åkermark, Jarmo Tom Moring koncentrerade sig på att göra en över- Lainio, Leena Huss och Tom Moring. Alla föreläs- sikt om mediepolitik i sitt anförande ”Att stöda fin- ningar behandlar nationella minoriteter och natio- ska genom att sända på svenska – om språkpolitiska nella minoritetsspråk. Föredragen innehöll både dis- paradoxer i mediepolitiken” . kussioner och specifika temaområden inom revitali- seringsforskningen. Samtliga anförande var mycket Satu Gröndahl nr 37 (2017) 4 multiethnica Minoriteter och mobilitet i Europa: kampen mellan olika uppfattningar om minoriteters rättigheter SIA SPILIOPOULOU ÅKERMARK Minoritetsskyddet har stärkts avsevärt i Europa under idag anspråk på olika former av begränsningar vad gäl- efterkrigstiden. Europarådets arbete med Europeiska ler nationella minoriteters ställning. konventionen om mänskliga rättigheter har efterföljts av två Visserligen ser demokratin och parlamentarismen viktiga konventioner; Ramkonventionen för skydd av nationella mycket olika ut i de olika europeiska konstitutionella minoriteter och Europeiska språkstadgan för minoritets- eller ordningarna och vi hittar monarkier, republiker, parla- regionala språk, som antogs under 1990-talet. Kärnan i mentariska system med två kammare, federala stater den normativa grunden för dessa konventioner ligger i och starka parlament som kompletteras av starka presi- kombinationen mellan jämlikhetsmål och acceptansen denter. Relationerna mellan centrum och periferier kan av mångfald. Prioriteringarna inom det europeiska te sig väldigt olika runt om i Europa. minoritetsskyddet har styrts av och pendlat mellan strävan Hur fungerar då minoritetsskyddet i dagens Europa efter bevarandet av språklig och kulturell mångfald, säkerhets- och vilka är de stora utmaningarna framöver, i en tid och realpolitiska resonemang, samt demokratisk inkludering då Europas identitet vacklar under trycket av ekono- och deltagande. Diskursen kring de europeiska minoriteterna misk osäkerhet, stora migrations- och flyktingvågor och är emellertid idag starkt påverkad av nationalistiska tendenser, en återgång till totalitärt tänkande och styrning i flera den tilltagande rasismen och hatbrott som
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