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Histoire Romaine'' De Dion Cassius: Établissement Du Texte, Traduction

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Histoire Romaine'' De Dion Cassius: Établissement Du Texte, Traduction Édition des livres 57 et 58 de l”’Histoire romaine” de Dion Cassius : établissement du texte, traduction et commentaire Marie Platon To cite this version: Marie Platon. Édition des livres 57 et 58 de l”’Histoire romaine” de Dion Cassius : établissement du texte, traduction et commentaire. Histoire. Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2015. Français. NNT : 2015TOU20124. tel-01511085 HAL Id: tel-01511085 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01511085 Submitted on 20 Apr 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 5)µ4& &OWVFEFMPCUFOUJPOEV %0$503"5%&-6/*7&34*5²%&506-064& %ÏMJWSÏQBS Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès 1SÏTFOUÏFFUTPVUFOVFQBS Marie Platon le vendredi 11 décembre 2015 5JUSF ÉDITION DES LIVRES 57 ET 58 DE L'HISTOIRE ROMAINE DE DION CASSIUS : ÉTABLISSEMENT DU TEXTE, TRADUCTION ET COMMENTAIRE ²DPMF EPDUPSBMF et discipline ou spécialité ED ALLPH@ : Lettres classiques 6OJUÏEFSFDIFSDIF PLH-CRATA %JSFDUFVSUSJDF T EFʾÒTF Éric FOULON Jury : Éric FOULON, Professeur à l'Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès Valérie FROMENTIN, Professeur à l'Université Michel de Montaigne-Bordeaux 3 Michèle COLTELLONI-TRANNOY, Professeur à l'Université de la Sorbonne-Paris 4 Valérie VISA-ONDARÇUHU, Professeur à l'Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès Michel MOLIN, Professeur à l'Université Paris 13 1 2 Résumé Cette thèse, une édition traduite et commentée de deux livres de l'Histoire romaine (livres 57 et 58), s'inscrit dans un programme d'édition critique complète et moderne de cette œuvre. Dans ce diptyque faisant suite au cycle augustéen des livres 51 à 56, Dion Cassius retrace, avec le recul d'un sénateur romain de l'époque sévérienne, le principat de Tibère et ses soubresauts, des mutineries des légions en Pannonie et en Germanie à la disparition subreptice de l'empereur, en passant par les morts tragiques des héritiers présomptifs Germanicus et Drusus et la trahison de Séjan. Particulièrement attentif aux questions institutionnelles, l'historien grec s'attache à montrer comment le successeur d'Auguste poursuit l'œuvre de fondation du Principat entreprise par ce dernier en même temps qu'il la pervertit et s'éloigne progressivement de l'idéal politique défini par Mécène au livre 52, en particulier dans les relations qu'il instaure avec les sénateurs. Combinant structure biographique et trame annalistique, approche chronologique et distorsions temporelles, le récit de Dion vient tantôt corroborer tantôt nuancer les témoignages antérieurs des écrivains latins Suétone et Tacite sur la personnalité de Tibère et les événements marquants de son principat. Bien que longtemps considérés par les historiens modernes comme une source d'appoint pour la connaissance de cette période, les livres 57 et 58 de l'Histoire romaine, malgré leur état partiellement lacunaire, apportent de surcroît un éclairage essentiel sur les circonstances entourant la chute de Séjan, pour lesquelles nous ne disposons pas du témoignage des Annales de Tacite. À côté de notre travail d'établissement du texte et de traduction, nous proposons donc un commentaire qui s'efforce de dégager, en trois temps consacrés successivement à la structure narrative des deux livres, à la construction d'une figure d'empereur à la fois singulière et archétypale, et, enfin, à la tonalité distanciée du récit, l'originalité stylistique et l'intérêt historique du point de vue développé par Dion Cassius sur la vie politique et les institutions romaines du Haut-Empire. Mots-clés Historiens grecs de Rome ; Principat ; Sénat ; Tibère ; Histoire romaine ; Dion Cassius ; Portrait ; Ironie. 3 4 Title Edition and Translation with a Commentary of Cassius Dio's Roman History, Books 57 & 58 Abstract This thesis is a translated edition of Books 57 & 58 of Cassius Dio's Roman History, with a philological and historical commentary. The latter edition of Cassius Dio's work is now outdated, and so are the French translations based upon it. Our work constitutes a part of a larger programme that aims to provide an up-to-date edition with a translation of the complete works of Cassius Dio. In books 57 & 58, the Greek historian, living under the Severans, follows thoroughly the evolution of the Tiberian Principate, with a particular focus on the political crisis from military rebellions in Pannonia and Germania to Sejanus' conspiracy. His analyses are founded both on his literature searches and on his own political experience as a Roman senator, and reveal an accurate knowledge of the institutional realities of the Early Principate. The main goal of the two books is to show how Tiberius, as the successor of Augustus, complete the founding work of his great predecessor while debasing the political ideals defined by Maecenas in book 52. In this train of thought, Dio pays special attention to the relationships between the Emperor and the Senators and how they evolve. Combining biographical patterns with an annalistic framework, the narration provides an original point of view on the figure of Tiberius, beside the earlier testimonies of Suetonius and Tacitus which remain incomplete with regard to the fall of Sejanus. Accordingly, the present work focusses on three main areas, including first the narrative structure, then the profiling of Tiberius as a political leader in relation to other rulers, and finally the distanced and ironic view on the political and human comedy. Keywords Greek historians of Rome ; Principate ; Senate ; Tiberius ; Roman History ; Cassius Dio ; Portrait ; Irony. 5 Unité de recherche : PLH - CRATA (EA 4601) Université Toulouse-Jean Jaurès, Nouvelle Maison de la Recherche, aile E, 1er étage 5 allées Antonio Machado 31058 Toulouse cedex 9 6 Ce travail est l'aboutissement de cinq années de recherche. Je tiens à remercier toutes les personnes qui m'ont apporté aide et soutien dans cet effort : - En premier lieu, Monsieur le professeur Éric Foulon pour la confiance qu'il a bien voulu me témoigner en acceptant la direction de cette recherche et pour l'aide qu'il m'a apportée dans la réalisation de ce travail, - Tous les membres du programme ANR « Dioneia », qui m'ont permis de présenter régulièrement l'avancement de mes travaux tout en me faisant bénéficier de leurs remarques fructueuses. - Madame le professeur Valérie Fromentin, Madame le professeur Michèle Coltelloni- Trannoy, Madame le professeur Valérie Visa-Ondarçuhu ainsi que Monsieur le professeur Michel Molin pour s'être intéressés à cette recherche en me faisant l'honneur de participer au jury. - Mesdames Antigone Longelin, Marie-Edith Platon et Marie-Annick Montalan, ainsi que toute ma famille, pour leur soutien à la fois matériel et moral, leurs encouragements et leurs remarques critiques. 7 8 TABLE DES MATIERES NOTICE....................................................................................... p. 11 1. LA COMPOSITION DES LIVRES 57 ET 58 DE L’HISTOIRE ROMAINE, ENTRE SOUCI DE LA PRÉCISION HISTORIQUE ET ÉLABORATION LITTÉRAIRE............................................................. p. 13 1.1. DATE DE COMPOSITION.................................................................... p. 13 1.2. LES SOURCES DE DION...................................................................... p. 15 1.3. PLACE DES LIVRES 57 ET 58 DANS L'ECONOMIE DE L'ŒUVRE.. p.37 1.4. ARCHITECTURE GENERALE DES LIVRES 57 ET 58......................... p. 43 1.4.1 Articulation du diptyque tibérien : césure et transition d’un livre à l’autre …............................................................................................................ p. 43 1.4.2 Deux livres pour un règne : parallélismes et effets de miroir..... p. 50 1.4.3 L’organisation du récit au sein des deux livres.............................. p. 58 1.4.3.1 Mise en exergue du principe biographique …...... p. 58 1.4.3.2 Persistance de la trame annalistique...................... p. 66 1.4.3.3 Des déformations chronologiques signifiantes.... p. 71 2. PORTRAIT DE TIBERE EN HOMME DE POUVOIR............. p. 83 2.1. LA φύσις ἰδιωτάτη DE TIBERE : DEFINITION PROBLEMATIQUE D'UN EMPEREUR FUYANT ….......................................................................... p. 84 2.1.1 Construire la représentation statique d’une figure en mouvement : le portrait de Tibère, entre synchronie et diachronie, apparence et essence................................................................................................................... p. 87 2.1.2 Dessiner les contours d’une personnalité à la fois singulière et emblématique : la dissimulation tibérienne, entre particularité et généralité............................................................................................................... p. 97 9 2.2. LES RELATIONS ENTRE TIBÈRE ET LE SÉNAT : DE LA COLLABORATION À LA CRISE DE CONFIANCE.................................. p. 108 2.2.1 Vers une redéfinition des pouvoirs du sénat...................................... p. 110 2.2.2 L'évolution des relations entre Tibère et le Sénat............................. p. 122 3. UN REGARD DISTANCIÉ ET CRITIQUE SUR LE PRINCIPAT TIBÉRIEN : UNE IRONIE À DOUBLE FOYER................................
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