CENSUS OF INDIA
REGIONAL DIVISIONS OF INDIA -A CARTOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
OCCASIONAL PAPERS
SERIES-I
VOLUME-XVII PUNJAB
Planning & Supervision B.K. ROY M.A., PhD. Deputy Registrar General (Map)
General Direction & Editing VI JAY S.VERMA of the Indian Administrative Service Registrar General & Census Commissioner I nd ia 2-A. Mansingh Road, New Delhi. Maps included in this volume are based upon Survey of India map with the permission of the Surveyor General of India.
The boundary of Meghalaya shown on the map of India is as interpreted from the North-eastern areas (Reorganisation) Act, 1971, but has yet to be verified (applicable to India map only)
Tt-,e territorial waters of India extend into the sea to a distance of twelve nautical miles measured from the appropriate base line (applicable to I ndia map only)
© Government of India Copyright 1988 ;nt fa f"J't - (1 (i () () () (l HOME MINISTER INDIA NEW DELHI-110001 Oct. 26, 1988
FOREWORD
Experience has taught us that planning has to be related to the situation in the field in order to better respond to local aspirations and for better utilization of local resources. A lot of planning has, of necessity, to be for larger areas, encolllpassing an agglomeration of administrative units. Even such macro planning has, in order to be realistic, to be cognisant of the realities at the micro level. Correspondingly, such plans for bigger areas and involving larger outlays have also to t)e adlllinistered frorn a suitably high threshold of administrative authority and by a wide network of administrative hierarchy.
Nevertheless, there is a whole corpus of activities which can be and are, in fact, better planned, conducled and financed at the lower or local levels. I think the essence of decentralized planning, which for operational convenience is, essentially, District Jevel planning, i.e. planning for the District and its constituent srnaller units at those levels, consists of just this : allowing what is best taken care of at the local level to be so taken care of.
But, all planning, from the national to the sub-micro level, does need, as alreaejy stated, a careful study of the situation in the field. And this study also calls for a knowledge of the natural regions, demarcated as per the various physlogeograptllc characteristics, for a proper appreciation of the planning and developmental nlatrix and for suggesting the appropriate spatial unit for local and higher area planning.
From this point of view, the present study, done by the Indian Census, is extremely useful as it provides a framework, a backdrop and also a ground-plan on whIch other studies and data-sets can bp. built. I congratulate Shn ViJay S. Verrna, Registrar General & Census Gommissioner, India, Dr. B.K. Roy, Deputy Registrar General (Map) and their colleagues for this fine and timely series.
(BUT A SINGH)
(iii)
PREFACE
Regions can be carved out with varying criteria for varying purposes. Basically, however, we could, perhaps, distinguish between natural regions-areas which nature intended to be or marks out as separate, homogeneous units-and human intervention regions--areas which have to be or are treated together for different purposes, with varying degrees of consideration for the natural regions.
Thus, special purpose regions mayor may not coincide with natural regions. Administrative units represent special purpose regions of a kind and their boundaries, too, mayor may not be in conformity with those of natural regions.
But there are further elements making for complexity, even confusion : there are regions within regions--there may be fields with different types of soil calling for different types of treatment even within a village--and different natural yardsticks or criteria may not always converge and coalesce to yield natural regions valid from the point of view of each of the criteria considered or used. Thus, ground water availability and soil texture may not necessarily indicate the same delineation; in theory an area may be thickly wooded and, in reality, quite denuded.
And then comes the final heartbreak for the region-delineator ~ all the factors and manifestations of nature may point in one direction but the perceptions anej the aspirations of the people inhabiting that region may desire sOrT1ething else: nature may cry out for afforestation, rather reafforestation; the people may Vlant to have more and more area under a marginally remunerative agriculture.
The question then arises: why then try to carve out natural regions? How valid and how usable are they going to be?
As in most areas of human endeavour, no one can hope either for totally foolproof delineation or immediate and whole hog adoption thereof tor purposes of administration and development planning. And yet, all such exercises, should, I thInk, be welcome as contributive to the filling out of the cornplex scenario which serves as the essential backdrop for the formidable task of developmen! planning in IndIa to which a new dimension and fresh urgency have been added by the current, renewed emphasis on local area planning.
This study of ours seeks to take the work of delineation to reaches lower than hitherto attempted, mutating Districts in terms of natural regions. with the village as the constituent unit of each region. One could, of course, go still lower, carving out regions within Blocks, Taluqs or Thanas, may be with hamlets as the constituent units, and by using the appropriate fine-edged criteria for such sub, sub-micro delineation. Obviously, however, such a study will call for a staggered approach and a much deeper acquaintance with the situation on the ground. (v) Pending this, the present study Wilich covers the whole of India and posits a scheme comprising of four levels of delineation is, I think, not an inconsiderable step forward and we may not be w:-ong, I hope, in deriving some satisfaction from its accomplishment. The Census of India is so multi-faceted and so prolific in its output that some aspects of its corporate personality can go at times un or under recognized. One such aspect is cartography. Among other things, I hope, the present series will lead to a better appreciation of the scale and variety of our cartographic output.
The work has been done as a Plan scheme so graciously and thoughtfully sanctioned by the Planning Commission. The foundations of the work were laid under the able stewardship of my predecessor Shri P. Padmanabha. It has been my privilege to steer the work to completion through a time-bound programme. Dr. B.K. Roy, Deputy Registrar General (Map), is one of the stalwarts who have made the Indian Census what it is. This project owes a great deal to him and I have a feeling that he, too, is going to cherish this association. This is not to forget the contribution made by a whole band of able and dedicated officers and cartographers of various ranks at the headquarters and in our Directorates. This contribution is being acknowledged sf~parately. Shri B.P. Jain, Deputy Director of Census Operations, has ensured speedy r:;rinting.
We have been extremely fortunate in as much as Han 'ble Shri Buta Singh, Home Minister of India, has always been able to spare time for Census-related matters even though the claimants for his attention have naturally been innumerable. By kindly consenting to contribute a perspicacious Foreword to this series he has deepened the debt of gratitude the organization owes to him. As indicated by him, a follow up project could, perhaps, take care of compiling and presenting data-sets, comprising of demographic and other parameters, in terrns of the regions herein presented.
I l / i
(VIJAY S. VERMA) New Delhi Registrar General & 2nd of January, 1989 Census Commissioner, India
(vi) REGIONAL DIVISIONS: PUNJAB
Technical staff of the RGI Headquarters and Directorate of Census Operations, Punjab a,sociated with the Project:
Planning & supervision Dr. B.K. Roy Deputy Registrar General (Map)
Progress & monitoring Smt. Minat; Ghosh Asstt. Registrar General (Map)
Initial drafting and supervision J.C. Kalra Joint Director DCO, Punjab S.R. Puri, Research Officer (Map)
Cartographic supervision Mahesh Ram. Research Officer (Map) & other associated work P.S. Ctlhikara, Map Analyst R. P Mishra. Sr Geographer Avtar Singh, Sr. Geographer D.B. Goswami. Sr. Geographer N.K Roy, Sr. Drawing Assistant Prem Chand, Cartographer Dr. R.C.S. Taragi, Cartographer Mohd Ishaque. Anist S.K. Verma, ArtIst Kumari Suyog. Artist P. K MandaI, Artist
Initial analysis of maps Surinderjit Singh, Sr. Geographer & cartographic work in Jiwan Singh, Sr Artist D.C.O. Punjab Mrs. Usha Kalra. Artist Kulbir Singh, Artist Raiinder Singh, Draftsman Jagjit Sing;). Draftsman Ravinder Pal Singh. Draftsman Sunil Preey. Draftsman
Reprographic assistance R. R. Chakraborty. Sr. Artist Vishnu Dayal. Ferro TypHr
(vii) Secretarial work S.C. Aggarwal, Stenographer Smt. B. Rajini, Lower Division Clerk Vinay Kumar, Asstt. Compiler, D.C.O. Punjab
Printing arrangement B.P. Jain, Deputy Director and proof reading H.K. Jhamb, STA (Ptg.) S.L Chaturvedi, Ptg. Inspector K. C. Kalra, Computer
(viii) CONTENTS
Pages Foreword iii Preface v
PART-I
Regional Divisions of India--A Cantographic Analysis -General Nott~ 3-6 Brief Characteristics of Regional Divisions 7-13 Statement on Physio-Geographical Regions of India . (Regional Division) 1724
PART-II
Regional Divisions of Punjab 27-34
GENERAL MAPS
Position of Punjab in India 37 Administrative Divisions of Punjab, 1981 38 Relief and Drainage 39 Normal Monthly and Annual Rainfall 40 Normal Monthly and Annual Temperature 41 Geology 42 Soils 43 Distribution of Population, 1981 44 Density of Population, 1981 (By Tahsils) 45 Density of Population. 1981 (By Sub-micro regions) 46 Rural Density of Population, 1981 (By Tahsils) 4'7 Rural Density of Population, 1981 (By Sub-micro regions) 4H Urban Density of Population, 1981 (By Tahsils) 49 Urban Density of Population, 1981 (By Sub-micro regions) 50
PART-Ill
REGIONAL DIVISION OF DISTRICTS:
(1) District Gurdaspur
(i) District Gurdaspur Regional Divisions 5] [if) (ii) Data on Regional Divisions of Gurdaspur 57 (iii) Region-wise village codes of Gurdaspur, 1981 :iB S(I (iv) Statement on Region-wise Physio-cultural details of Gurdaspur b() (5/j
(2) District Amritsar
(i) District Amritsar Regional Divisions bb 70 (if) Data on Regional Divisions of Amritsar 71 (ix) Pages (iii) Region-wise village codes of Amritsar, 1981 72 (Iv) Statement on Region-wise Physio-cultural details of Amritsar 73-78
(3) District Hoshiarpur
(i) District Hoshiarpur Regional Divisions 79-82 (Ii) Data on Regional Divisions of Hoshiarpur 83 (iii) Region-wise village codes of Hoshiarpur, 1981 84-85 (Iv) Statement on Region-wise Physio-cultural details of Hoshiarpur 86-90
(4) District Rupnagar
(i) District Rupnagar Regional Divisions 91-94 (ii) Data on Regional Divisions of Rupnagar 95 (iii) Region wise village codes at Rupnagar, 1981 96-97 (Iv) Statement on Reglon-wise Physio-cultural details of Rupnagar 98-101
(5) District Jalandhar
(i) District Jalandhar Regional Divisions 102-106 (ii) Data on Regional Divisions of Jalandhar 107 (Iii) Region-wise village codes of Jalandhar, 1981 108-109 (iv) Statement on Region-wise Physio-cultural details of Jalandhar , 10-114
(6) District Kapurthala
(i) District Kapurthala Regional Divisions 115-118 (ii) Data on Regional Divisions of Kapurthala 119 (Iii) Region-wise village codes of Kapurthala, 1981 120 (iv) Statement on Region-wise Physio-cultural details of Kapurthala 121-123
(7) District Firozpur
(i) District Firozpur Regional Divisions 124-128 (ii) Data on Regional Divisions of Firozpur 129 (iii) Region-wise village codes of Firozpur, 1981 130-131 (iv) Statement on Region-wise Physio-cultural details ot Firozpur 132-135
(8) District Ludhiana
(i) District Ludhiana Regional Divisions 136-140 (U) Data on Regional Divisions of Ludhiana 141 (iii) Region-wise village codes of Ludhiana. 1981 142 (iv) Statement on Region-wise Physio-cultural details of Ludtliana 143-146
(9) District Pattals
(I} District Patiala Regional Divisions
(x) Pages
(ii) Data on Regional Divisions of Patiala 151 (iii) Region-wise village codes of Patiala, 1981 152-153 (iv) Statement on Region-wise Physlo-cultural details of Patiala 154-156
(10) District Sangrur
(I) District Sangrur Regional Divisions 157-160 (ii) Data on Regional Divisions of Sangrur 161 (iii) Region-wise village codes of Sangrur, 1981 162-163 (iv) Statement on Region-wise Physio-cultural details of Sangrur 164·168
(11) District 8athinda
(I) District Bathinda Regional Divisions 169-172 (ii) Data on Regional Divisions of Bathinda 173 (iii) Region-wise village codes of Bathinda. 1981 174 (tv) Statement on Region-wise Physio-cultural details of Bathinda 175178
(12) District Faridkot
(i) District Faridkot Regional Divisions 179-182 (i i) Data on Regional Divisions of Faridkot 18..1 (iii) Region-wise village codes of Faridkot, 1981 184 (tv) Statement on Region-wise Physio-cultural details of Faridkot 185-188
Appendix 189-194
(xi)
PART-I
REGIONAL DIVISIONS OF INDIA-·A CARTOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
GENERAL NOTE
The regional spatial patterns, variations of reo administrative boundaries at given points of sources, heterogeneous physio-geographic time. factors and problems in development bring out the necessity for a regional approach to planning. In India, the district is the major universal admjn~
Delineation of physio-geographic regions of (I strative unit below the State level. The administra country of sUb-co·ltinental size like India with an tive boundaries of the districts usually, however. cut 2 area of 3,287,263 Krn , extendinq between latitudes across those of the homogeneous natural regions 8' 4'28" ('Hl(j 37' 17'53" North and longituoes 68(1 though some district boundaries do coincide with 7'53" and 97° ?4'4?" East and having a great range the natural sub"regional boundaries and most of fhe geographic environment, is a gigantic task. During districts haVB nodal regions. In cases of (~xtrcme the past 30 years. the macro level planning at the heterogem~ity. however, we may have to think of national level and meso level planning at the state adjustrnents in such district boundaries to suit th~~ level have been duly emphasised. Micro level sub· regional planning to th(~ extent possible. This planning needs, perhaps, to be further emphasised kind of adjustment was worked out methodolo~1i For this to happen, one requirement consists of cally by V.LS.P. Rao and L.S. Bhat for the old homogeneous regions, with natural boundaries, Mysofe Stat8. Also, at the district level. we have an forming viable units of planning administrative set up which is competent to formu latc and implement sub-ronional plans. Morl)Ovor, TllUS, there was a need to delineate ',1ICIO a reliable statistical data base (both CmlsLls and regions to suit the requirements of micro level non·Census) is, available at the district level tor !tIC regional plans within the frame-work of the national purposes of sub-regional I1lannin~J plan To achieve this end, we need micro regions which are valid on physio· geographic considera· The Earlier Efforts tions and also definable in terms of administrative units and boundari~s in order to facilitate plan for· In regional planning of one type or the othm, the mulation and plan execution For carving out such delineation of proper regional bOlJndari(~s has al natural regions, fhe following considerations inter ways remained a rattl€~r difficult task A tlurnbm of alia, are to be kept in view: schemes for delineating natural mUlons 1f1 Ineil;) have been put forward by scholar~ from time to tlllle ~i) contiguous geographical area, during this century The first atternpt was mado hy (ii) homogent-:ous administrative machinery T H. Holdich in 1904. He made a very berief and capable of formulating and implementing sweeping generalisation and formed rathw broad integrated area plans. geographIcal zones of India on the ba~"s of tWO (iii) reliable statistical data base, logical information only. Later. during the 1921 31 (iv) existence of nodal regions. and decade regional dBlineations were done rnm_,tly (v) amenabilIty of the natural boundaries from the point of vif.!w of geological structure and to marginal adjustments so that the stratigraphy DUring 1922,24, LD Stamp produced former, may, by and large. conform to a more substantive and well known work. Stamp
3 adopted physiography and structure at the primary the 1961 census, more maps and ideas from for level and climate for the second ordnr regions He eign as well as Indian geographer..s were obtained in divided the country into 3 primary or macro level carving out the natural regions Of. India for regions and 22 sub-regions and ciHsignated them as development purposes, S p, Chatterjee divided 'natural regions'. Almost simultaneously, but inde India on the basis of physiography and geological pendent of Stamp's work. J,N,L Baker, following structure A Mitra. grouped various districts of India the work on natural regions initiated by Wood, pro into four categories on the basis of their develop posed another scheme of natural regions It was in ment levels. Late (Miss) P.Sengupta suggested a close agreement with Stamp's regional scheme, scheme of Geographical Economic Regions of India Later on, M, B, Pithawala, Kazi S, Ahmad and Q E. which was utilised in the Census of India mono~ Baker also proposed their schemes of regional divi graph entitled "Economic Regionalisatioll of India, sions Q,H,K Spate gave a more comprehensive Problems and Approaches" and Census of India treatment to this scheme He was in general agree Atlas of 1961. The basis for this classification was ment with the schemes proposed by Stamp and mainly in the works of Spate and Chatterjee as well Baker He divided the sub·,continent into three as in those of the previous scholars referred to paramount macro level regions on the basis of ge above ological structure, The regional scheme proposed by Spat-a is empirically derived, He divided India However, all these schemes proposed by the into 35 regions of the first order (under the three various scholars did not prOVide a base tor mapping macro regions excluding the islands). 74 of the and for statistical analYSIS of the Census data at second order with 225 sub-divisions_ sub-micro level They did not also proVide precise boundaries or relate the regions to a(iministratlve The traditional divisions of the country into boundaries. In caSH a scheme was based on the mountains, plateaus and plains and further regional district as ttw basic unit, as was the case with th;:lt division as envisaged by Stamp and later on im proposed hy Mitra and Senqupta. It did not takp Into proved by Spate provide<,j a bas(~ for the study of consideration the intra-distrtct details The subs€' regional physical conditions During 1931--1941. quent availability of fairly tntt~flsive data, specially on the regional studies so developed could not be elu the distribution of soils. forests, geological forma cidated or enlarged mainly due to the politically un· tions. climatiC conditions and large number of maps stable condition5 of the sub-continent. M,W.M produced by various natlCmal and lr1ternatlC)!lal Yeatts in the General Report of CHnsus of India, organisations, encourag(.~1 B K Roy to revise the 1941. proposed a broad division of the country into then existing framework of natural regions. A map four regions demarcated according to economic of India stlOwing Physio-geographlc Regions was and geographic principles Howevor. it was only included in the National Volume of Census Atlas. atter 1951 that with the help of more elaborate qeo 1971 wherein three tiers of regional boundaries IO{lical surveys and geographical mapping, by for (Macro. Meso and Micro) have been precisely ad eign as w(~11 as Indian geographers, the work on lusted Wlttl the district boundaries The important major natural rogions could be reorientEK.i The 1951 materials consulted for revisin~1 the scheme were Census of India repon gavE:) considerable impetus tho maps published by the Geological Survoy of to the progress of studies of natural regionalisations India. Chief Soil Survey Office of the Inciian Agricul as for the first time the C(-)f1SLJS data were inter, tural Research Institute and the book, 'India -- A prett.x1 in geographical context in some details The Regional Geography' edited by RL Singh, map of major natural re~Jions of Ineiia of 1951 cen sus was rathm sketchy in character Howevor, it The Present Study served the purpose well af)(j was laudabte for its time considering ttu~ resources then available to the The above work was welcomed by scholars, geo Census Organisation Subsequently. at the time of graphers and planners both in India and abroad To
4 further refine such delineation and also to get it help in the long,term planning tor the country. It is done on a comprehensive scale, the Government of hoped that this scheme, the first of its kind in the India sanctioned a plan scheme to the Census Or history of tht~ Census in India. besides enldr~]lng the ganisation on "Regional Divisions of India -A Carto scope of Census Atlases, would serve as a useful graphic Analysis". It aimed at working out a viable framework for administrators. planners. resoarchms grouping of Census villages and towns on a farge and other data users. scale map keeping in view their physio-geographical characteristics in order to The Procedure Followed bring out viable homogeneous regions at the sub, micro level within the districts. Broadly, the The procedure for delinHation ot thp sub-micro physio-geographical factors which have been kept regions encompassed the followin~l steps and con In view while undertaking this exercise are (i) Phys· sidf~ratjons iography, (ii) Geological structure, (iii) Forest cover· age. (iv) Climatic conditions and (v) Soils These Since the aim was to cieltneattJ sub micro regiolls sub-micro regions have been further pulled up on within the district. the numbm of sheots coverln~l uniform scale to provide a framework for mapping tht:) areal spread on standard topographical shents and cartographic evaluation of Census as well as eithm on 1 50,000 or 1 250,000 scale. as availabl{~, non Census data to enlarge the scope of the Cen· were consulted Those sheets were rno5alced (0 as sus Atlases of the country and also to help in the certain the boundary of thf~ district cOflcermxJ In Interpretations of population data in terms at sub case of ChctngH in tho district boundarios b(~twoon micro regions which are physio·geographically the 1971 and 1981 Censuses. the ulxiah..)(j map of homogeneous in character and have similar prob the district as pm 19B 1 Censw; was consulted Sinll lems and prospects requiring uniform application of larly, Tahsil/TalukjP S IC D Block/Circle bounda plar1nln~J strategies for b(~tter utilisation of resources flf~S wmt' reorlontod A~) !tH' ~,>('cond step, rtw vii and tor providing amenities to the inhabitants. Since lagos alonqwlth therr C(~Jls!Js locatloll cod!) llum each sub micro rngion has been clearly defined in bers wow mark(..~1 on ttw topooraphical stwots for so far as its rural and urban constituents are con fNaluatlon uf the cmvrrons of the qroup e>I vllla~Jm; cerned tt1e demographic characteristics and othnr with reformlcf~ to tho phySical delHils Thn dolt statistiCS can b(~ generatfX'j for the past CensLJses ncation of ~)LJb micro,i e the fourth ordm renions tol also to HIe extent to which vlllage,wlse/town-wlsfl lowed In tillS ex(~rCIS(j ptlY<:;IO ~Ioouraptllcal dota'I~) data are available The sub-micro renions havt of contours, draina£}H, spot hOlyhts, bnnch O'larks, been dehneated within the district. In case the watershods as wolt a~'1 tho distrtbution of highland boundaries of the distrtct experinnce any chanqf~ in and low land (land levels in broader pmSp(~clivo) future, due to administrative or any other reason, wow Hxarnined This gave further sUltabln back the required scores can be obtaille(J by compilation ground for the delineation of a group of villaoos in of data as we know their consltuent units ThH sub orlH vidbl(.? unit SllTlultarwoLJsly, rl.3rTWS wow as mIcro regions of the districts Will play an Important slgm~d to particular lonos on the basis of major and role In the implementation of the pian at the grass minor rivers/rivulets, n8nlHS of mountain runOOh root level within the frameworkj of the State plan forHsts or on thH considf~ratl(Jn of blq~Jf.H u 'n~;w·, WhiCh, in turn, is a part of the overall NatIonal plan villages and popular {Joographic names of I ()(,At I 1m Agricultural development in Indta is dependent upon portance which may be acceprat~e in vif.-tW of thf~ the regional approach because of wide areal spread regional geographical panarn of the particular re and the resultant contrasts in cropping patterns gion At times onH could foO'l that tho contours or arising mainly from the regional variations in ptl'y'SI draInage de51gns are so cornplHx as tu cornpllcatf~ cal conditions Since the landuse pattern should be geographical thinking for the regIons In such adopted as per physical conditions of the reglor) cases, dra'nag(~ patterns W(!(fJ w()rk.nd out M~pa the demarcaHon of physio·geographie regions will ratc.oJy to ascertain thr,m ah{lnmenr in tho f(Jrrnallon of 5 sub-micro regions. Similarly, due to the complexity repeated. district-wise, from 1 to the number of sub of contour lines on topographical maps, profiles micro regions in the district. were drawn to arrive at a particular conclusion whether the physio··geographical landscape of the After finalization ot the sub-micro regions and area was consistent with reference to valleys or their code numbers. list of villages and towns were rivulets of the regions at higher altitudes for loning pmpared for each sub-micro region and basic data of the sub-micro regions This method provided a pertaining to area and population were generated. decision making criterion to streamline the regions. In adctition. some physio-cultural characteristics are also highlighted Part" of this volume incorporates brief description of physlo-cultural aspects supple While opf~rating on the aboVE~ syst(~rn, step 3 re quir9u tho consulting of maps on geology to further mented by maps and basic data at state level while Part III Uives information for each sub micro region streamline tile re~Jiu" formino factors in the deli within each district of the state. neation of sub micrO area~., Whew tt"w micro relief and thp micro physio~}raphic elements on such It will be seen Hlett the tables included in Parts II considerations corrf~SpOnclHd tully, the viable region and III approach thf'! confiquratioll fron1 the pOint of in tllP district gave a precise z()nin~} Further, thH view of the administrative unit, ie, Sldte/District/ J forest spmaci on the maps helped to reorient the TalukiP S /C 0 Block. Villa9t~ In otilPf words, ttwse sub·micro regional boundarins In addition, rainfall tables give tllP position of the~;e units WIth rofemnC(1 (isohyetal) maps also helped in HlP (j(-~lineation of to ttlf~ natural w~Jlons In which they fall, as deter these boundaries Thus, all tlw bctors as (-~rwlsaged mined at these respective levels It will b(:> percelvpd, HI tile proqramme !lave bf!f!11 ~yntheslsed judi ;lowever, that the same renion or a similar region ciolJsl y and to tile extent pw;slble to CtHVP out the uncif..!r a different name may be transcendin~] the sub-n··,icrn reqions witl1in ttlp cilstricts throuqhout Hw adrnillistrativH boundaries 01 states and districts and countl Y there may be a legitimate enqUiry seeking the total geographical spread of tho same region or similar Code Structure for the Regions and the Scheme of regions across and beyond such administrative the Contents boundaries but in terms of suerl administrative units ~()r purposes of planning it IS as necf.~ssary to know The map 'Rf-Olonal Divisions of India' included in as to what natural wgions compnse a state or a this volume depicts ~~ digit c(x1es The first di~Jit district as to know the position from tt)(~ opposite stands for tile macro mniolls, the second digit for point of view as to what state and ciistrict or se~J th() rm~so m~]i()ns and HlP third tor HlP micro ments thereof comprise one region or similar aej reoiuns The four macro regions have be~m num ioinin~] regions bered as. Hie Nortt1E:lrn Mountains (1). the Great PI,lIIlS (;n, the Docem PI:ltp;lU (J) (1l)d tho Cdibtal To serve this latter purpose, we have added to Pldlrl~ <111(1 Isl;mds (4). III ttw ~i di~pt code :> 1 1 on each state/union territory volume an appendix tlw !1hlP, the first ciigit (?) st,1IKh; tur tlw !nacro which prestmts adrninistrativt~ constituents of similar IPq10n tlln Grt.~at. Plains. second digit (1) for the rpoions which ext€:'ncJ beyond district and state 1ll('SO I pqion the Punjab Plain and the third digit (1) boundaries. In thp case of the adjoirmlC] states. stands lor tht~ micro region-Ravi Beas Inter-tluvial union tl~rritories, this exercise is, naturally. restricted Plain In ttl,S framp, 4 macro, ~)8 meso and 101 rni to tht") limils of reGion iregions transcending the ero regions aw outllne<.1 for the country and the boundaries of the ccncerned statp, union territory to sarno havp boen briefly described in the later part. WhiCh a particular VOIUf1'1H in thiS series is devoted Witt lin thiS frame of micro regions, sub For gettmg fuller details with rfJgard to these micro re~I'ons havp been (jpllnHat(x1 wlth,n the c11s '·extendt)d areas" in terms of their constituents the • trict lJJl{iflr th,s scheme H1Pse sub- micro rH9,ons 1"8i;,der is invited to refer to the voiumes dealing with arp qiven 4th ciiqit code anti this 4th dlqit has beer, the concerned states/union territories. BRIEF CHARACTERISTICS OF REGIONAL DIVISIONS
1.THE NORTHERN MOUNTAINS 1.2 Himachal Pradesh Himalaya
The Northern Mountains corresponding with the Himachal Pradesh state entirely falls lJllder this Himalayan zone facing the northern frontier of the sub· region It has been further divided into ttlt:! fol sub-continent comprise Jammu and Kashmir. Hi· luwing 4 divisions machal Pradesh. Northern Uttar Pradesh. Sikkim. Northern West Bengal. Arunachal Pradesh. Naga 1 ? 1 Northorn Himachal Pradesh land. Manipur. Miloram. Tripura. Meghalaya and 1 ?;> Trans-Himalayan Zonp part of Assam ThE:~ Norttlern Mountains have beer' 1 ?:~ Central Himachal Pradf~sll diVided primarily according to the geolo~)y and for 1 ? 4 Souttu:!rn Himachal Pradesh est cover. The relief and drainage, however. have also plaYt~d a dominant rolf! 111 establishinn various sub divisions within HIP Himalayan lone This G(~()loqicdlly. it is alrnost Similar to lhnt of J •.lI1lrllll macro region has been dividE~d into 5 sutHo and KaslHlllr HillldldYd HowevPI, tillS slIb rpqioll I!. glons(rm~so) and 24 diVISions (micro) on ttw baSIS characterlsod hv rnarkod Vilf'llitl(JII~; Ifl till! rnllnf tt'd of abnvo m(~nttorlHd fac10rs tures. rrklinly 011 thp con~~lclpratll)n of 1I1Ier() r('lld dnd littln variatlolls In SOils These sub reglc)(Is am 1.3 Uttar Pradesh Himalaya 1.1 Jammu and Kashmir Himalaya HilS suI.) rf~(jIOIl tla~) twen (jlvlded 11110 tIHl!t~ d,VI This sub· region covers thfJ entire Jammu and siolls vii Kashmir and is furthur divided into follOWing three diVISions (n1lcro regions) 1 :3 1 KlJrnaon Himalaya Nc nth 1 3? Western Kwnaurl HHT1alaYi-J ~)'wdlrk cHid 1 1 Ladakh Doon~~ 1 2 Kashmir Valley 1 :~] Kwnaofl Himalaya Fd~i' , 1 3 Jammu In thn~,>e ,Hea~), ttw pluvall()ll ha~·) bl'f'1l 1i1111''' 11', In these divisions the relief prf~sents r(~markablf~ the main t)a~I~) for classificittloll Gooluqy iJrld f elevation and forest cover Other factors do not play rrlarked dlffer(!nc(!~) In thi! 'JCHlthmn Slwall~. lorll~ j( I significant role in deltneatin{1 these diVisions How cally kJ.'IOWIl ii~1 Taral and Bhw ~ .. ()Ih lll(' k:.lHlldtJtI ever. sub montane soil (Podsoltc) is domtnant In thfJ Hlm31aya N()rth ha~') Important poak') Ilk f.! t'~ 7 and Nainital districts is marked with some narrow The region has been divided into 10 divisions as valle.ys on high altitudes. below: 1.4 North Eastern Himalaya 1.5.1 Nagaland Hills 1.5.2 Manipur Hills This region includes 4 sub· regions extending 1.5.3 Imphal Valley over Sikkim, Oarjiling and 'Duar' areas of West Ben 1.5,4 Hill Zom~ gal and Arunachal Pradesh The Oarjiling section of 1.5.5 Tripura Plain the Himalayan zone rises abruptly from 'Ouar' plains 1.5.6 Tripura Hills of West Bengal. Three high peaks, namely, Siwalik 1 5 7 Cachar Plain Phu (3630rn), Sabargam (3546m) and Phalut 1.58 Karbi Anglong & North Cachar Hills (3596rn) are locatpd in this section of Himalayan 1.5 9 Eastern Meghalaya zom~ Similarly,. the lofty ranges of about 5000m with 1 5 10 WHstern Meghalaya intermittent summits are the chief characteristics of Arunachal Pradesh. Wf.lattler is damp and cold and 2 THE GREAT PLAINS the forests are dense Annual rainfall ranges be· tWHen 250 and 350 em The drainaqe is in evolu· This is the most important zone in view of human tionary stage and irnmatum This region has bf~en concentration and it strHtches from Rajasthan via divided into 4 divisions as below··· Punjab, Haryana. Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal to the eastern section of Brahmaputra valley It is an enclosed vast basin at vanous small and I~Hge rivers 1 t. 1 Sikkirll Himalaya separated by 'alluvial diVides' 1 4.2 Oarjiling'Hirnalaya including 'Ouars' l 4 3 Western Arunachal Pradnsh Himalaya The western section Gompnslng of arid 1 4 <1 Eastern Arunachal Pradesh Himalaya Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Chandigart), Delhi and W(~st('m Uttar Pradest) IS slightly higher In elevation 1.5 Eastern Hill Zone over 150m, than the eastern section of the plain. However, according to elevation, this plain shows This mqion represents the (~,lstf'1Il suction qf Hi tt-Hf'(' "'vpls of rellpf conflquratloll between Oto 75m II) the ('<1stI'm ~pctlon, 75 to 150 Ir1 Hie malayan lono extendin~} over Nagalancl. Manipur, m Centml Miloram, 1 ripura, part of Assam alld Mp~Jtlalaya Uttar Pradesh and 150 to ~mo m In westt:.~rn lone This rpqlon is Interspprs£~d with plains espl~cially in with the exception of a small zone in eastern Silchar, North Cachar Hills and ac1Joinin~l area~ To Jaisalmer district where the 81evation is below 75 m powaphically it is ru~.med The slopns am quite GcoloqlC 8 2.1.1 Ravi - Beas Interfluvial Plain 2,5.1 Middle Ganga Plain .. West 2.1.2 Hoshiarour-Chandiqarh Sub-montcme 2.5.2 Middle Ganga Plain .. East Plain 2.1.3 Beas--Satluj Doab 2.6 lower Ganga Plain 2.1 A Punjab-Malwa Plain The characteristics of the landscape in thE~ 2.2 Haryana Plain Ganga Plain change abruptly in Lower Ganga Plain extending over Bihar and West Bengal due to high rainfall. It has an elevation of below 75 III and has In this region which also includes Delhi, three di· been further divided into following six micro re' visions have been delin~ated on the basis of topo· gions. graphy and distribution of soils which are sandy and calcareous 2.6.1 North Bihar Plain 2.6.2 South Bihar Plain 22.1 Eastern Haryana Plain 26.3 Barind Tract 2.2 2 Western Haryana Plain 2 6 4 Moriband Delta 2.2.:i 60uthern Haryana Plain ? 6 5 Proper Delta 26.6 Rarh Plain 2.3 Arid Rajasthan Plain 2.7 Brahmaputra Valley Ttlis meso region receives an average annual rainfall of less than 40 em. It has been divided into The Brahmaputra Valley pres(mts typical geo four micro regions mainly on the basis of graphical features In (Jeneral. rhe vallt~y ha!:l an eln distribution of rainfall which are:· vation of beloW 7[) m Thfl eastfnn section IS more undulatin9 Rainfall is vpry hinl! and river pattern is 2 3 1 Ghaggar Plain braid(~d in various sections of ttw Brahmaputra Tllu 2 3 2 Rajasthan 8agar tributaries joining the main rivm Brahmaputra dis 2 :3 3 Extremely Arid Tract charge large amount of watHr during the monsoon 2 3 4 Luni Valley period and hence cause floods in ttlfJ valloy rnqion. It is also covered with luxuriant veg~tation 2.4 Upper Ganga Plain ttlroughout. Hence. on this ba~)ls this valiHY has been divided into three divisions with df~finite char· This is the vast stretch of the Ganga Plain where acteristics the rivers are playing important role In carrying out definite influence area of their own In general. the ? 7 1 Western Brahmaputra Valloy soil is alluvial but variations have developed on the 2 7.2 Central Brahmaputra Valley upland and the low land areas. The Upper Ganga 2 7 3 Eastern Brahmaputra Valley Plain has been divided into 2 divisions, viz 3 THE DE GGAN PLATEAU 24.1 Northern Upper Ganga Plain 2.4 2 Southern Upper Ganga Plain The Deccan Plateau mpres{mts ttlf~ wholn of South Indian tableland From th(~ point of vinw 01 2.5 Middle Ganga Plain geology. the whole region is compm.t:d of mula morphic rocks or pre Cambrian Bun CotlsldmiflU This IS the transitional zone between the Upper drainage, elevation. forest cover, SOIls and rainfall. Ganga Plain and the lower Ganga Plain and ha5 sub 9 exceeds 500 m in the north. The rivers of this region Chotanagpur Plateau is in the range of 300-900 m. have mostly reached their base level of erosion which is often high above 900 m. at places in the which have carved wide valleys in various regions of form of rounded hills. Salls in this region are mainly considerable importance. This region has been di red and yellow and red sandy. Red and black soils vided into 12 sub-regions and 33 divisions. are predominant in Singhbhum region. fhe drainage is radial. Forests are dense in Palamu, 3.1 Semi-Arid Rajasthan Ranchi and Hazaribag areas, while it becomes sparse in Puruliya on account of degenerated soils This portion of Rajasthan is marked with inter on the uplands. On the basis of elevation and nature vening valleys where the soils are red, yellow and of topography the region has been divided into 4 mixed red-black in character. The regional charac divisions. teristics of this reg lot:' are different from those of the 1.3.1 Ranchi Plateau arid zone of Rajasthan (2.3). The annual rainfall 3.3.2 Hazaribag Plateau here varies from 35 to 45 cm. Besides, the vegeta 3.3.3 Puruliya Uplands tion is partly developed over the hills and slopes 3.3.4 Singhbhum Plateau which mostly belong to semi-arid type; while the arid plains are infested with thorny scrub and bushy 3.4 Northern Madhya Pradesh Uplands vegetation. This region has further been divided into three divisions. The Northern Madhya Pradp.sh Uplands region has been sub-divided into three divisions. In gen ~3.1.1 Aravalli Range and the Associated eral, the elevation is between 300-600 m with nu Uplands merous hills which are thickly forested. The northern 3.1.2 Semi·Arid Uplands of Eastern Ra Madhya Pradesh is typically a ravine and derelict jasthan land lone on account of erosion by the tributaries of '3. 1.3 Banas - Chambal Basin Chambal system.The Northern Madhya Pradesh Uplands· East region represent s the Vindhyas with 3.2 Uttar Pradesh Uplands well developed scarps. Three di'visions made in this meso region are' Uttar Pradesh Uplands represent well defined lone of Vindhyan System in the south. The average 3.4.1 Northern Madhya Pradesh Ravine elevation is 500-600 rn and slopes towards the plain Uplands--West in the north. The divisions made in this meso region 3.4.2 Northern Madhya Pradesh Up are lands-- Central 3.4.3 Northern Madhya Pradesh Uplands 32,1 Jhansi Uplands --East 3.2.2 Mirzapur Uplands 3.5 Central Madhya Pradesh Plateau Jhansi Uplands are comparatively dry while the Mirlapur Uplands are wet. The Central Madhya Pradesh Plateau inherits a comptex geology. In general. gneisses· Vindhyans 3.3 Bihar - West Bengal Uplands and Gondwanas are fairly represented here. Forest is deciduous and present large varieties of sal. Bihar - West Bengal Uplands region is one of Soils are primarily medium black to deep black the most interesting regions for the studies In types. The region has been sub-divided into three geomorphology and cultural geography. The whole divisions: region belongs to the unclassified crystalHne, rocks The elevation of the Bihar Highlands known as 3,5.1 Sagar Plateau 10 3.5.2 Bhopal Plateau divisions have been made in this region,vi2. 3.5.3 Aatlam Plateau 3.8 1 Eastern Plateau 3.6 Southern Madhya Pradesh Uplands 3,8.2 Western Plateau with Protruded Hills The region in general represents black soil. An 3.9 Karnataka Plateau nual rainfall varies between 200-3()O em. The whole region is densely forested in general. According to The Karnalaka Plateau is a well defined plateau the elevation, drainage and micro-orographic region of thp, Deccan ove" the unclassified crys characteristics the regia., has been divided into talline rocks. In general, the northern portion is three divisions. having an elevation of about :iOO m with a westwarp slo~)f' whilc' trle souttwrn por11on IS hl{1h (over 900m) 3 6.1 Narmada Region including Flanks of and slopes towards the southeast. Tungabhadra Vindhya and Satpura river cuts it into two regions. Average annual rainfall 3.6 2 Ma~lanadi Basin is around 80 ern. in major part of this region. Solis In 3.6.3 Madhya Pradesh Dandakaranya the northern Karnataka are black while in the south these are rrostly laterite, red sandy and red loamy. Forests are dense only in Malnad bordering 3.7 Northern Maharashtr? Sahyadri where the main elevation reaches 1000 m. with heavy rainfall of 150 cm per annum Three di· Tile Northern Maharastra rHpresents the major visions made on the above considerations in this soil regions cieveloped o\/(;r 'OfJccan flows In this region are region average annual rainfall ranyes betwefHl 40 anti 80 em The altitudltlJI characteristics are quite :191 Northern Karnataka Plateau pronounced and t"ltmc(~ the delineation of above re 39.2 Central Karnataka Plateau glons IS t)asHd on the 'Valleys and D,vIdes COnCfJpt 3.9:~ Southern Karnataka Plateau of orography at the region It has been turther cli· videcj into following two divisions 3.10 Tamil Nadu Uplands 3.7 1 Tapti· Puma Valley This region is the southern extension of unciassi' a.7.2 Wardha--Penganga·· Wainganga fied crystalline rocks of Cambrian period and is Plain marked with fairly wide valley of Cauvery and its tributaries In general, the elevation is over 900 rn in the west due to southern Sahyadri and NlIglri 3.8 Maharashtra Plateau Hills. The western and the eastern flanks gnt an an· nual rainfall of about 80 . 200 em. but the cantml This meso region in general, has an altitude part of the uplands is almost dry Due to compara· ranging between 300 and 900 m. and extends over lively high rainfall the hilly areas are forested. On tho basalts. Some high ranges like Ajanta range, basis of elevation two divisions have be~m carved Harischandra range, Mahadeo range and Balaghat out which are: range break the monotony and thus form a mosaic of plateau with protruded hills. Annual rainfall in 3.10.1 Eastern Flanks of Sahyadri general, varies between 80 and 100 cm. except in 3 102 Tamil Nadu Uplands the central region of Maharashtra Plateau which generally gets less than 80 cm. rainfall. Forests 3. 11 Andhra Plateau cover, in general, tS sparse and at places dense which is of dry deciduous type. Consequently two Andhra Plateau ;s another well-defined plateau '1 the Sahyadri and Arabian Sea in the west and region over the Archaean gneissic rock of Southern India which is drained mostly by Godavari. Krishna the Eastern Ghats and Bay of Bengal in the east. and Penner river systems. Over the western The rainfall varies in the sections which is high margins, the soils are mostly medium black with (above 300 cm.) in the Western Coastal Region and low (100 crn.) in the Eastern Coastal Region. The intrusion of deep black soils in Krishna valley. The Coastal Plain has been sub-divided into 4 sub rest of the region is characterised by red sandy soils. The average annual rainfall is below 80 cm. in regions and 20 divisions. this region. The region is covered with deciduous forests. On the basis of elevation and other 4.1 Gujarat Region considerations. the region has been divided into four divisions identified as: This region represents almost the whole of Gu jarat state This region is composed of 'Deccan 3.1 L 1 Go(JBvari Depression Flows' and coastal Tertiary deposits. Gujarat Plain is :3 11.2 T(~langana Plateau ejrained by Sabarmati and Mahi rivers. Eastern Hillv ~3.11 3 Krishna Piedmont Plain Region is compnsed of Panch Mahals and The ~, 11 4 Ravalaseerna Dangs districts: Kathiawar Peninsula is partly rocky having an elevation of above 75 rn Racial drainage 3.12 Orjgsa Highlands is the chief characteristic feature of tt1is zone. The Orissa Highla~lds region is comprised of the Kachchh Peninsula solely corresponds with north-eastern Bxtension of unclassified crystalline Kachchh district. The chief ctlaracteristlc feature ot rncks of the Deccan Plateau. Here the tbpography the region is the sandy plain with isolated rocky is ruggHu and elevation IS about 1200 rn in Koraput hills All these regions may typically be said as semi plateau. The Mat\anadi and Brahmani rivers have arid whilf3 the Kachchh Peninsula is and The above carved out well defined valleys. Soils of the region mentioned tour reqions are as follows are mostly red and sandy interspersed with red and yellow soils in some areas. The western portion of 4 1 1 GUFuat Plain the regIon consists of deep valleys with spurs In 4 1.2 Eastern Hilly Region general. the southern portion is much mow 4 1.3 Katt1iawar Peninsula dissected and higher than the northern one, where 4 1.4 Kachchh Peninsula the range of elevation is between 300 and 900 m. Average annual rainfall of the region IS between 200 4.2 Western Coastal Region and 300 em. The region has been divided into two well marked divisions according to {~Ipvation viz. The Western Coastal Region lies just bordering the Sahydari (the Western Ghats) The width of the region is often very narrow in Karnataka Coastal 3 12 1 Northern Orissa HighlRm.is Region which bro3eiens further south in Kerala. 3 12? Southern Orissa Highlands (Orissa Rainfall is quite heavy over 300 em. per annum. Six Dandakaranya) divisions have been demarcated in this region which cover portions of Maharashtra, Karnataka. 4. THE COASTAL PLAINS AND ISLANDS Kerala. Mahe district of Pondicherry and Goa district·of Goa, Daman & Diu. The six divisions are Geologically. the Coastal Plain adjacent to the Peninsular region are mere 'Shore Facies' of the 4.2.1 Maharashtra Uttoral Oeccan Trap. The region has attained a definite reo 4.2 2 Goa Coast Gional approact, for classification on account of .. 2.3 Karnataka Coast coastal alluvium Characteristics hemmed in between 4 ~: 4 North Kerala Coast 4.2.5 Central Karala Coast 4.4 The Islands 4.2.6 South Kerala Coast The Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Say of Bengal and Lakshadweep in the Arabian Se ·l :3 1 Kanniyakurnari Coast 4.4.2 The Lakshadweep· -These islands t18vC 432 Sandy Littoral developed very near to the continental shelt of tho 433 Coromanc.iel Coast Indian coast. The total number of Islands is ~!7 out 434 Southern Andhra Coastal Plain of which 10 are inhabited and the rernaulinq 17 arn 435 Krishna Delta uninhabited 4 :3.6 Godavari Delta 437 Northern Andhra Coastal Plain These two present a particular geoqraptlical mwj· 4.3.8 Mahanadi Delta romnent, ecology and culture lone of India INDIA REGIONAL DIVISIONS BOUNDARY, INTERNATIONAL ..... -.~._ 80UNDAR'f, STATt/UlGON TERfttTOI';Y DISTRICT . , KILOMETRES c tOO 50 0 tOO 200 300 N 8 'T E 1 Mol"Itpvr NOf'tn 2. t..4anopUf Ea.' 3 MonIPur CtI'lh'Ol 4 Mon!p\lf W•• , 50 Moripur South DISTRICTS OF MEGI-I'U.AYA 1 WIt' Goro Hill 2 Ea,t Gato Hill, 3 Witt Kholl Hill' 4 EO.I 10'1011 HtM, !i Jol'ttia HillS DISTRICTS OF HAGAlAJrr() 1 Man 2 Nollot.chun; 3 WQkJ'to BAY OF BENGAL OISTRICTS OF TRiPURA 1 Not'" Tripura Z Wnt Tripura 3 Soutn TrlpW'o ARABIAN BOUNDARY, REGIONAL DIVISION MACRO . . . . SEA MESO .... . MiCRO . .. .. Bad, BOCloom ( JAMMU A~O KASHMIR I Bit Bilo,pur (HIMACHAL PRADESH) eH CHANOIGARH Gwalior (MADHYA PRADESH I oCoco IL IIURMA' G~ Gondhinogof ( GUJARAT I • () .. t-!al'COndmn I G.D.IID. GOA I OAMAN II DIU l> ' Z" ('"DIAl Ha", Homlrpur ( HIMACHAL PRADESH I Ha. Ho,hiarpur ( PUNJAB I ~ K. I(OQlI"lhoio ( PUNJAB I g~.~ , tAndOIflQr\ Z:. • Bentn l (ItN.) (Kolh!nir North) (JAMMU AND KASHMIR) \J; II-I (0.s.1 (leolhm" Sooth) ( JAMMU ANO KASHMIR) q Ma . Mohendrogorh ( HARVANA I (' Muzaf'orplil' ( B"AR I oll, 'V P~c. Po.hehim Cn-cmpaton ( BitAR I .. - 4.4.1 Pu. t . Purbo Chomporan { BIHAR I ANDAM'''''' SEA .,. .' PO Pulwama (JAMMU AND KASHMIR) r \II ".. Ru RupnOgor ( PUNJAB I ------_, ... ~4.2 -t. ... . l' Sam SOll\alli9ur (BIHAR I Tum . TUlflklo1r (ItARNATA •• I o 'V lOot w.. , Dina;'''' ( WEST BEN IAL I 'V 0 INDIRA POIHr A o c E A N .ndta copyriQtlt. of Indio mop with the ptrmiu.on of Ibt Surveyor G.n.ral 0' Indio. The bounfOry of Mt.,tlO"'YCl ~n on ttis mop II a ..,ttrpr.ted horn the 0' Itee. North-Eo.fern At,o tReorOCk'litolionlAet,197I, bw' hal ytt to b..... rlfitd • .... "'tn .of India txt.nd into thl 110 to a diltanc. of twtlY' -"I",.d trOll the appropriate bolt lin •. PHYSIO-GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS OF INDIA (REGIONAL DIVISIONS) Regions Sub-regions Divisions Districts State/ with code with code code Union No. No. No. Territory (MACRO) ;MESO) (MICRO) 2 3 4 5 1. The Northern 1.1.1 Ladakh 1.1 Jammu & Ladakh and Karqil Jammu & Mountains Kashmir Kashmir. Himalaya 1.1.2 Kashmir Anantnag (KS), Jammu & Valley Baramula(KN), Kashmir Pulwama. Badgam. Kupwara and Srinagar , .1.3 Jammu Doda. Jammu. Kathua, Jammu & Rajauri. Punch and Kashmir LJdhampur 1.2 Himachal 121 Northern Chamba Himachal Pradesh Himacrlal Pradesh Himalaya Pradesh '.22 Trans· Kinnaur and Lahul Himachal Himalayan Spltl Pradesh Zone 1.2.3 Central Kangra. Kullu, HImachal Himachal Una, Hamirpur Pradesh Pradestl and. Mandi 1.2.4 Souttlern Bilaspur. Solan, Himachal Himachal Shimla and Sirmaur Pradesh Pradesh 1.3 Uttar , 3.1 Kumaon Charnoit, Uttar Pradesh Himalaya Pithor agarh and Pradesh Himalaya North Uttarkashi '.32 Western Dehra Dun. Garhwal UUar Kurnaon Tehrr Garhwal Pradesh Himalaya Siwalik & Ooons 1 3,3 Kumaon A1morn. UttSI Himalaya Nainllal Pradesh East 1,4 North 1.4.1 Sikkim North Dlst(lct Sikklm Eastern Himalaya West oi&llict, Himalaya South District & East District 17 , 2 3 4 5 1.4,2 Darjiling Darjihng & West Himalaya Jalpaiguri Bengal including Duars 1.4.3 Western West Kameng. Arunachal Arunachal East Kameng, Pradesh Pradesh Lower Subansiri. Himalaya Uppar Subansiri. West Siang East Siang 1.4.4 Eastern Dibang Valley. Arunachal Arunachal Lohit & Tirap Pradesh Pradesh Himalaya Kohtma. Mokokchung. Nagaland 15 Eastern Hill 1.5.1 Nagaland Hills Mon, Wokha. Zunhe- Zone boto, Phek and Tuensang. Manipur East. Manipur Manipur , 52 Manipur Hills North. Manipur West. Pocket 01 Manlpur Central &. Manlpur South Mantpur 1 53 ImphBI Valley Manlpur Central & Tengnoupal Mizoram 154 Hill Zone Alzawl. Lunglel & ChhtmtUlpUi Tripura 1.5.5 Tripura Plain South Tripura & West Tnpurs Tftpura 1 5.6 Tripura Hills North Tripura Assam , 5 7 Cachar Plains Cachar Meghalaya 1 5.8 Karbt Kerbl Anglong &. Anglong North Cachar- & North Cachar Hills Hills Maghalaya 1.5.9 Eastern West Khasi Hills, Meghalaya East Khasi Hills & Jalntt8 HIlls 1 5,10 Western West Garo Htlls MeghaJaya Meghalaya & East GalO Hills 18 1 2 3 4 5 The Great 2.1 Punjab 2.1.1 Ravj-Beas Amritsar and Punjab Gurdaspu( Plains Plain Inter- Fluvial Plain 2:1.2 Hoshiarpur. Chandlgarh, Chandigarh Chandigarh Hosh,arpur & & Punjab Rupnagar Sub-Montane Plain 21.3 Beas Jalandhar& Punjab Satluj Kapurthala Doab 2.14 Punjab Bathinda, Firozpur, Punjab Malwa Ludhiana, Patiala, Plain Sangrur & Faridkot . Ambala, Kurllkshetra, Haryana 2.2 Haryana 22.1 Eastern Plain Haryans Jind, Kamal, Rohtak Plain and Sonlpat 222 Western Hissar. S,rsa and Haryana Haryana Bhiwani Plain 22.3 Southern Delhi, Gurgaon, Mahend Deihl & Haryana ragarh and Haryana Plain Farldabad Rajasthan 2.3 Arid 2:3 , Ghaggal Ganganagar Rajasthan Plain Plain 2.3.2 Rajasthan Churu, Jhunll'lunun. Rajasthan Sagar Nagaur & Sikar 2.3.3 Extremely Blkaner and RaJasthan And Trecl Jaisalmer 23.4 Lunl Sarmar, Jator. JOdhpUl Rajasthan Valley &Pari 24. Upper 24 1 Northern Bljnor, Ghaz18bad Uttar Ganga Upper Meetut, Moradabad. Pradesh Plain Ganga Muzanarnagar, Rampur Pl.'n & Saharanpur 19 2 3 4 5 2.4.2 Southern A1igarh, Agra, Barellly,- Uttar Upper BadCtun, BUlandshahr, Pradesh Ganga Etah, Etawah, Farrukhabad, Plain Kheri, Mainpuri, Mathura, Pilibhit and Shahjahanpur 2.5 1 2~ Middle f¥liddle Allahabad, Bahralch, Uttar Ganga Ganga Bara Banki, Falzabad, Pradesh Plain Ptain Fatehpur, Gonda, Har- West doi, Kanpur. Lucknow, Pratapgarh, Rae Bareli, Sitapur, Sultanpur and Unnao 2,5.2 Middle Azamgarh, Ballia, Basti, Uttar Pradesh Ganga Oeoria, Gorakhpur, Plain Varanasi, Jaunpur & East Ghazlpur Bihar 26 Lowor 261 North Pashchlm Champaran, Ganga Bihar Purba Champaran, Dar- Plalll Plain bhanga, Muzaffarpur, Purnia, Satlarsa, Saran. Sitamarhi, Madhubanl, Katiahar. Samastipur, Begusarai, Vaishali, Siwan and GopalganJ 262 South Bhagalour, Gaya, Mun- Bihar Bihar ger, Patna, Bhojpur Plain Nalanda, Nawada, Rohtas and Aurangabad 263 Ba(lnd Koch Bihar, Maldah West Tract & 'oNest Dlnajpur Bengal 264 Moriband Murshldabad and West Dplta Nadia Bengal 265 Proper Barddhaman, Calcutta, West Delta Hugh, Haora and Bengal Twentyfour Parganas 266 Rath Bankura, Blrbhum & West Plain Medlnlpur Bengal ') " Goalpara and Assam .. I Brahmaputra 271 Western valley Brahmaputra Kamrup valley 27.2 Central Darrang and Nagaon Assam Brahmaputra valley 20 ... 1 2 -' 4 5 2,7,3 Eastern lakhimpur, S,bsagar Assam Brahmaputra & Dibrugarh Valley 3. The 3 1 Semi Arid 31,1 Aravalli Ajmer, Afwar, Bans- Raj8'Sthan Deccan RaJastnan Range and wara, Chi"aurgarh, Plateau the Asso- Dungarpur, Jaipur, ciated Sirohi & Udaipur Uplands 31.2 Semi·And Bt)ilwara, Bundi, HaJBsthan Upiands Kota, Jhalawar & Tonk of Eastern Rajasthan 3.1.3 Banas- Shar atpur & Sawa, Rajasthan Chambal Madhopur Basm 32 Uttar 3.2 1 Jhansl Banda, Hamirpur, Ultar Pradesh Uplands .jalaun. Lalttpur and Pradesh Uplands Jhans, 3.2,2 Mirzapur Mirlapur Uttar Uplands Pradesh 3.3 Bihar 3.3.1 Ranch! Palarnu and Hanchl SiMI West Plateau Bengal Upland::, 33.2 Hazaribag Dhanbad, Haz8l1bag, Bihar Plateau GHidlh & Santhal Pargana :~.3 3 Purul'ya Puruf,ya West Uplands Bengal 334 Stnghbhurn S,nghbhum Bihar Plateau 34 Northern :3 4 1 Northern Bl"lInd, Datia, Guna, Madhya Madhya Madhya Pradesh Gwahor, Morena and Pradesh Pradesh Sh,vpurl Uplands Ravine Upland!> West 342 Northern Chhatarpw, Panna Madhya Madhya and 'r Ikamgarh Pradestl Pradesh Uplands Central 343 Northero Rewa. Satna. $h'lhdol. Madhya Madhya Sldhl and SurgUJil Pradesh Pradesh Uplands East 21 2 3 4 5 3.5 Central '3.5.1 Sagar Damoh, Sagar and Madhya Madhya Plateau Vidisha Pradesh Pradesh plateau 3.5.2 Bhopal Dewas. Indore, Raisen, Madhya Plateau Bhopal & Sehore. Pradesh 3.5.3 Ratlam Dhar, Jhabua. Mandsaur, Madhya Plateau Ratlam, Rajgarh. Shajapur Pradesh and Uijain 3.6 Southern 3.6.1 Narmada Balaghat. Betul, Chhm· Madhya Madhya Region dware, Hoshangabad, Pradesh Pradesh including Jabalpur. West Nimar, Uplands Flanks of East Nimal. Mandla, Vindhya Narsimhapur. Seanl Satpura 3.62 Mahanadl Bilaspur, Durg. Ralgarh, Madhya Basin Raj Nandgaen & RSlpur Pradesh 3.6 3 Madhya Bastar Madhya Pradesh Pradesh Dandakaranya Amravati, Akola. Buldana. 37 Northern 371 Tapti·Purna Maharashtra Maharsshtr a Valley Dhule & Jalgaon :\ 1 ;' Wardha· Bhandara, Maharashtra Penganga Chandrapur, Nagpur. Wainganga Wardha & Yavatmal Plain :,\,,i', Maharashtra 381 Eastern Aurangabad, Bid. Kel· Maharashtra Plateau Plateau hapur, Nanded, Osrnenabad. Parbhani, Sangli & Solapur 3.8.2 Western Ahmadnagar, Nashik, MaharaShtra Plateau Pune and Satara with Pro- truded Hills 39 Karnataka 3.9.1 Northern Belgaum, a,dar, Karnataka Plateau Karnataka Bljapur & Plateau Gulbarga 3.9.2 Central Belfary, Chikmagalur. Karnataka Karnataka Chitradurga, Dharwad, Plateau Shimoga. Raichur and Pocket of Tumkur Southern 3.93 Bangalore, Kodagu .. Karnataka Karnataka Hassan, Kolar. Mandya, Plateau Mysore and Tumkur 310 lamil 3.10.1 Eastern Coimbatofe, Madurai, Tamil of Nadu Ranks Nftgiri and Periyar Nadu Uplands Sahyadri 22 1 ::: 3 4 5 3.10.2 Tamil Nadu Dharmapuri, North Tamil Uplands Areot & Salem Nadu 3 '1 Andhra 3.11 1 Godavari Karimnagar, Khammam Andhra Plateau Depression & Warangal Pradesh 3 11 2 Telangana Adtlabad, Hyderabad, Andhra Plateau Mahbubnagar, Medak, Pradesh Nlzamabad and RangBreddi 3.11.3 Krishna Nalgonda Andhra Piedmont Pradesh Plain 3'14 Rayalaseema Anantapur, Chlttoor, Andhra Cuddapah & Kurnool Pradesh 3 12 Oflssa 3 12 1 Northern Dhenkanal, Kendujhar, Orrssa High· Orissa Mayurbhanl, Sambalpur lands Highlands and Sundergarh 3122 Southern Bolangir. Ganlam, Orissa Orissa Phulabanl, Kalahandl Highlands and Koraput (Orissa Dandakaranya) 4 The Coastal 4 1 GUJarat 4 1 1 GUJarat Ahrnadabad, Bharuct). GlJjaral, Plains & Islands Region Plain Banas Kantha. Gandhi nadra & nagar, Kheda, Mahesana, Nagar Sabar Karltha. Surat. Havell Vadodara. Valsad. Dadra & Goa, Daman & Nagar Havel! and Daman & D'u 412 Eastern Hilly Panch Mahala and The Dangs GUJarst Region 4 13 Kathlawar Amteh. BtlftVnagar. GUlaral Penmsula jamnagar. Junagadh. and Goa, Ra,kot Surendranagar Daman & and DIU DIU 414 Kachchh Kachchh GUjarat Peninsula 4.2 Western 421 Maharuhtra Great Bombay, Mahar aahtr Iii Coastal Uttoral Raigam. Ratnagiri Region and Thane 4 2.2 Goa Coast Goa Goa, Damsr & Diu 4.2.3 Karnataka Uttar Kannad & Kamat.ka Coa.t Oautlln KIInnad 2 3 4 5 424 Norttl Kerala Cannanore. Kozhikode. Kerata & Wayanad and Ma~le Pondieherry 425 Central Eranakulam, Kottayarn. Kerala Kerala Malappuram, Palghat, Coast Trlchur & Idukkl 426 South Alleppey, Tnvandrum Kerala Coast & Ouilon 43 Eastern 431 Kanrllya Kanrllyakumarl Tamil Coastal kurnan Heglon Nadu CO 432 Sandy Rarnanathapurarn & l.ittoral Tamil Tlrunelvell Nadu 4]3 Coromandel Chengalpattu. Madras. Pondlcherry Coast ThanJallur, Tiruchirapaflr, & Tamil South Areot, Na(Ju Pu(juk kotlal, Kar atkal & Pondich~rry 434 Southern NellOfl' and Andhra Andt1ra Prakasam F)r adesh Coastal Plain 4 3.5 Krishna Guntur and Krishna Andhra Delta Pradesn 4J6 Godavari East Godavari. West Anclhra Delta GO(laVall and Yanam Prade~;rl & Poncilct)ef I V 4:3/ Northern SflKakulam VlZla· AneJhr3 Andhra nagar.1m dnd Vishakl"la· Pradesti Coastal p:1f II. I rll Plalfl 438 Mcltlclfladl Balesllwar Cuttask & OriSsa Delta PUf! 44 lh(l 441 Andaman An(1aman. Nlcobar Islands Andaman & & Nicobar Nicobar Islands Islands 442 laksha· lakshadweep Lakshadweep dweep 24 PART-II REGIONAL DIVISIONS OF PUNJAB REGIONAL DIVISIONS OF PUNJAB Punjab State is situated in the north-western 4) 2.1.4. Punjab Malwa Plain covering the dis 2 corner of Indian union, with an area of 50362.0 km tricts of Firozpur, Ludhiana. Patlala, Sangrur. having population of 16,788.915. The word Punjab Bathinda and Faridkot. is made up of two persian words, Punj meaning five Ravl Beas Inter Fluvial Plain is surrounded by and 'ab' meaning water. Hence this name was given Jammu and Kashmir in the north and by Himachal to this land of five rivers possibly in an era when this Pradesh. Hoshiarpur district and Kapurthala district region came into contact with Persia. Out of the five in the north-east and east and by Firozpur dIstrict rivers, three rivers namely Satluj, Ravi and Beas are in the south and by International border of Pakistan flowing in the present Punjab. This state extends in the extreme west. The Siwalik hills are 10catHej in between 29° 33' and 32° 31' north latitutes and 73° the north-eastern part of Gurdaspur district These 53' to 760 56' east of Greenwich. In fact there are no ... I"s have steeper-slope towards south and large diversifications in this tract of otherwise broad south-west. The forces of orogenesis (Mountain physical homogeneity. With the exception of scat building) folded and elevated these sediments into tered and low ranges of the Siwalik situated along Siwalik hills and with the passage of time these hills its northern an(1 north-eastern boundaries. The have been badly eroded by the swift and torrential Punjab Plain is of very Recent age. Infact during the streams coming down ttlese hills most 01 whicl, are last phase in the geological history of the earth the seasonal. Rest of tht) ama is a plain willI most fnrtile streams deposited huge amounts of silt and that soils. This region consistinq of Gurciaspur and Am deposition today is called Punjab plain. The Siwalik ritsar districts, forms a good chunk of Mdjl1d TI IL' which border the state on the north and north-east, word Majf1a in local usag{~ means 'middle one' I.e are entirely composed of Tertiary rather Upper Ter" Majl1a or Majhla Many of thH Illllabltallts of the ar(~a tiary (very recent derosits) sediments. Punjab state preter to add word Majhail to tlwir initiuls This is surrounded by Jammu & Kashmir in the north. by region is located between two rnajm rivers llarTiuly Himachal Pradesh in the north-east and by Ravi in the west and Beas in tlw east. H1HSH riV(~rs Chandigarh and Haryana in the south-east and have their own flood plains covoring an area of 2 south and by Rajasthan in the south-west and by 2182.29 km which comes to about 25 per cent of Pakistan in the west the total area of the region. The area which arQ flooded by rivers are called a!; "Khadar Or Bel". Thi~) Punjab Plain has been further divided into plain extends over an area of 8625.44 knl will) following sub-divisions on the basis of physio- population of 3,701.925 The soils of thIS reqiol1 geographical factors: " differ slightly depending upon Ihn location of area In the Siwalik hills the soil is Ochrepts wtwreas 1) 2.1.1. Ravi·Beas Inter Fluvial Plain covering Ochrepts--Orthents···Rock Outcrops Orthid~ the districts of Gurdaspur and Amrltsar. is found in most parts of Gurdaspur and Arnrifsar districts and Psamments-Fluvent$-AQuents in 2) 2.1.2. Hoshiarpur*Chandigarh Sub-Mountane the extreme southern part of this plain area The Plain covering the districts of Hoshairpur, Rup· geological structure of this region is consisted of nagar and Chandigarh (U.T) siwalik in the extreme upper cornm of Gurdaspur district and Alluvium in the rest of the region. This 3) 2.1.3. Beas·Satluj Doab covering the districts plain area has a malor problem of water logqifl{1 of Jalandhar and Kapurthala. due to rise in sub-soU water tabte. 27 Hoshiarpur~Chandigarh Sub-Montane Plain in the west and by Hoshiarpur district in the north, covers Rupnagar, Hoshiarpur districts at Punjab north-east and east and by Ludhiana and Firozpur and Union Territory of Chandlgarh lies in the north districts In the south. The most important rivers of eastern portion of Punjab In north-west to this Doab region are Beas separating this region south-east direction, It is surrounded by Himachal from Amrltsar and Gurdaspur districts, and Satlul Pradesh in the north-east and north, by Haryana in separating this region from Punjab Malwa plain In the east, by Punjab Malwa Plain in the south and by the southern side. This area Is further sub-divlded Beas Satluj Doab in the south-west and by on the basis of soils and physiographic details. Soils Ravl-8ees tntar Fluvial Plain in the west. The of this region are Psamments-Fluvents-Orthids. Siwalik hills are located In the extreme portion of Ochrepts-Orthents-Rock OutcrOps-Orthids, Flu Hoshiarpur and Rupnagar districts In north-west to vents--Ochrepts and Ochrepts-Psamments. south-east direction. The hills are the result of forces of orogenesis which gave birth to these The geology is Alluvium. Besides the two major Siwatiks. With the passage of time. there has been rivers, there are two more seasonal streams i.e. too much erosion experienced in these Siwalik by White Beln and Black Bein. The slope of this region the swift and seasonal streams. As one comes to in general is from east to west. plain area one finds fertile soils. The most important rivers are Beas and Satluj. Beas river separates This region has a total area of 5066.55 km2 with a Hoshlarpur district from Gurdaspur district. The two population of 2.279,823. Out of this only 776,009 rivers have their own Flood plains covering an area persons are residing in 24 urban centres. On the 2 of 1040,76 km Besides these two major rivers. whole, the average density of population comes to there are numerous seasonal streams/choss. 450 persons per km2. The density of population in Hoshlarpur district is particularly famous for it5 the flood plain comes to 279 persons per km2. The choes. These hili torrents are popularfy known as most important urban centres are Jalandhar. Phag choss in the local dialect. They cause serious wara, Goraya, Nakodar and Kapurthala, These are problem of soil erosion. industrial towns. Jalandhar is Jamous for its sports items and Phagwara and Goraya for agricultural im Hoshiarpur -Chandigarh Sub-Montane Plain plements and machine tools, cycle and cycle parts, 2 has an area of 6115.57 km with a population of sugar mills and textiles. 1,960.469, out of these only 334.258 persons are residing in urban areas. The most important towns The main economy is based upon agriculture are Hoshiarpur, Mukerian, Rupnagar and Anandpur and industry. Being fertile land, wheat, grams, maize Sahib. The geological structure of this plain is con and sugarcane are the main crops of this region. sisted of Siwalik in the hilly portion and rest of the region has Alluvium. Soil associations founti in the The area lying south of the Satluj river bounded region are Fluvents-Ochrepts, Ochrepts-Orthents. by the Ghaggar river in the east and sandy infertile Ochrepts-Psamments.- and' Ochrepts-Orthents tract in the south-west Is known as Punjab Malwa Rock Outcrops-Orthlds. Main economy of the Plain. Puniab Malwa Plain comprises of 6 districts region is based upon agriculture and most namely Patiala. Sangrur, Ludhiana. Bathinda, Farid important crops are wheat, maize, rice and grams. kat and Firozpur. It is surrounded by Rupnagar dis Sub-Montane Mukerian tract of Hoshlarpur district trict and Haryana state in the east by Haryana state produces Basmati rice of excetlent quality. From and Rajasthan state in the south and south-east, industrial point of view this region is backward. and by Pakistan in the west. This region is extended Major industry Is fertilizer, cotton and textile mills, over an area of 30353.81 km2 with population of rosine, turpentine and varnish. 8,846.698. This plain is a flat featureless plain. The most prominent rivers are Satluj. Beas and Ghag Beas-8aduj Doab is surrounded by Majha plain gar. Sattuj river separates this plain from Majha and 28 Blst Ooab Plain. Ghaggar river flows in the eastern Many mornings is the months of December and side whereas Satluj river flows from east to west di January are.relatlvely foggy. The rainfall decreases rection and then Beas river merges into Satluj river from north and north-east to south west. The sub at Harike (in Amritsar district) and it turns suddenly mountainous tract receives about 100 cms. of ave to south-west direction. These rivers have their rage annual rainfall whereas it decreases to only 30 flood plains. This region being near to Rajasthan cms. in the south-west. Most of the rainfall in this state, Sand dunes are found in the southern portion. region is received from July to September. During The soils are Ochepts-Psamments. Psam the winter season rainfall is received from ments-Fluvents-Aquents. Ustalfs-Ochrepts, "Temperate Cyclones" originating in Atlantic Ocean Orthids-Fluvents, Psamments-Fluvents-Orthids, and Mediterranean sea. Winter rainfalls are very Ustarfs-Fruvents and Ochrepts-Orthents soil asso useful for rabi crops i.e. wheat and grams. ciations are found in different parts of the region. The geological structure of this region is consisted Maps on geology and soils show that Punjab is of Alluvium. Agriculture is the main economy of this consisted of Siwalik and Alluvium. Punjab plain is of region, Industries have come up in ludhiana, San very recent age. The Siwalik, which is localed on the grur and Patiala districts. With sandy salls. its main north and north-east, is entirely composed of Ter crops are cotton, wheat, grams, bajra and rice. tiary sediments. These are the result of forces of Major soil problem is water logg;ng in the western orogenesis (Mountain building). portion of Firozpur district and some parts of San grur and Patiala districts where the surface water dries out in dry weather leaving a sheet of white In Punjab Plain, the soils are alluvial in character. powdery material at the earth's surface. This alka Only in the Siwalik, the alluvium consists of more line matter affects the soil fertility adversely and sand and gravel than clay or loam. In the Bathinda, makes the land unfit for cultivation. This patch of Farldkot, Sangrur districts the sandy soils are found. land having been water logged is known as Kallar in Soils in Sub-mountain areas suffer from. soil ero Punjab. Wind erosion is prominent in the extreme sion and in areas of high water table, the soils (.Ire southern parts of Firozpur, Faridkot and Bathlnda water logged. In the southern parts of Punjab plain, districts. wind erosion is experienced due to shifting of sand dunes. In nut shell, Punjab Malwa Plain covers about 60 per cent areas of Punjab state. It contains as many The economy of Punjab State mainly depends as 69 urban centres. Being sandy plain, cotton, ba upon agriculture. The soils are alluvial and most fer· jra. grams and wheat are Its principal crops. tile for agricultural production. Cropping pattern changes with the change of soil contents from place The climate of Punjab is of semi arid monsoon to ptace. Crop associations as found in Punjab type. Punjab region is far located from the Bay of reflect the gradual increase in aridity trom north to Bengal and Arabian sea. Its climate is too much south. In the north those crops are grown which cold in the winter and too much hot in the summer. require humid conditions and those crops which Punjab experiences extremes of temperatures In require less quantity of water are grown in the winter and summer. The highest temperatures are south. In the northern and north-eastern areas recorded in the month of June. The month of July wheat Is the dominant crop with rice, grams and brings down tbe temperatures due to the beginning maize. In Pat isla district wheat, rice, maize and of rainy season. sugarcane are grown. In rest of the Punjab Malwa Plain grams, cotton, ground nuts, rapeseed and Rainy season extended from the month of July to mustard are dominant. September. The winter season starts from the mid dle of October with January is the coIdeat month. Punjab state extended over an area of 50362.0 29 Km2 with population of 16,788,915. The density of Jalandhar, Kapurthala, Hoshiarpur and Rupnagar. pORulation in the state comes to 333 persons per Punjab has 28.48 per cent male and 38.37 per cent km2 whereas density figure of India is 216 female literates as per 1981 Census figures. (including projected population of Assam). Density of population varies from place to place depending In the Punjab there are 4,927,759 main workers upon certain factors such as fertility of soils. climatic which are 29.35 per cent of the total population of conditions, physiographic characteristics, avail the state. Among them 3,556,425 and 1,371,334 are ability of amenities like cheap electricity and residing in rural and urban areas respectively. Out medical facilities, industrial centres and means of of the total workers 1,767,286 (35.86 per cent) are communications, education and employment engaged as cultivators, 1,092.225 (22.17 per cent) facilities. The highest figures of density of as agricultural labourers. 127,186 (2.58 per cent) in population are 931 in Amritsar tahsil, 822 in household industry, manufacturing, processing, Jalandhar tahsil, 093 in Ludhiana and 558 in servicing and repairs and 1.941,062 (39.39 per cent) Phagwara tahsils which may be associated with are other workers. rapid growth of industries. Whereas the lowest figures of 191 persons in Sultanpur Lodhi tahsil, 209 Industrialization in Punjab is mainly a post inde in Muktsar tahsil and 210 in Fazilka tahsil may be pendence phenomenon. Atter partition, Amritsar. due to their agrarian character and less Ludhiana and Batala are the only industrial towns of development of industries in these areas. Similarly, the state. The planned and sincere eHorts of the Beas··Satluj Doab has a density of 450 persons per state government by providing loans and imparting km2 whereas Punjab Malwa Plain has a density of technical training have resulted in rapid growth of 291 persons. Again Ravi-Beas Interfluvial Plain has industrialisation. Excellent road and rail network, 429 persons per km2. This is dUB to fertile land, abundance of agricultural raw materials and avail rapid growth of industries and developed means of ability ot hydroelectric power fUrr1ished sound oasis transport and communication for the development of small scale industry. Main industries are food processing, cotton rlinning and Punjab state's population increased from processing, textiles, agricultural implements, engi· 13.551.060 (1971 census) to 16,788.915 persons in neering goods. chemicals. transport equipment, 1981 with net increase of 3,237,855 persons. It sewing machines, leather goods and sports means Punjab has a , 23.89 pf'r cent growth rate as goods Cotton r.Jressing and ginning mills are against 125.00 per cent of India during 1971-81 located within the cotton growing areas of Punjab The total number of females also raised from Malwa Plain. Similarly. Rice shelling units are found 6,282,545 (in 1971) to 7,851,705 (in 1981) and males in the growing areas of upper Bari and Bist Doabs from 7,266.515 (in 1971) to 8.937.210 (in 1981) It At present Ludhiana, Amritsar, jalandhar. further raises the sex ratio. There were 865 females Phagwara, Kapurthala, Patiala, Bathinda. RaJPura per 1000 males in 1971. The sex ratio has increased and Malerkotla are the chief industrial towns of to 879 in 1981 Punjab state. The persons who can easily read and write with Scheduled castes claims about 26 87 per cent of full under -standing in any language, are consi the total population of the state. Among tnese dered to be literates Punjab has 6.930.551 literate 2,415,903 are males and 2,095,800 are females persons and Ludhiana district has the highest figure Percentage of scheduled caste population in of 920,446 persons (56.87%) as literates whereas Jalandhar district is 36.28 per cent. Among the four the lowest figure of 361.610 literate persons be tahsils of jalandhar district, Phillaur tahsil has high longs to Bathinda district. The other district which est percentage of scheduled caste population have more than 50 per cent literates include whereas Anandpur Sahib tahsil has the lowest per- 30 centage of scheduled caste population i.e. 18.44 formulated, keeping in view the inter-related so per cent. Generally speaking agricultural labourers cio-economic conditions. Regional planning is the are mostly from the scheduled castes. most important requirement of the state govern ment as well as the national government. For this The prominent aim of demarcating the state into purr>0se we have delineated the following sub-micro regions taking the village as the lowest sub-micro regions within the districts and also at unit into consideration, is to make earnest endea few places with minor adjustments, as there are vours to understand the basic problems of a parti great variations in physlo-geographic factors from cular region so that a developmental policy can be area to area:-- 31 2.1. PUNJAB PLAIN: Detail of Sub-Micro Regions of Punjab State Micro Regionf> District sub-Micro Regions with code with coce with code Number Number number (Fourth Tier regions) 1 2 3 2.1.1 Ravi- Gurdaspur 2.1.1.1 Gurdaspur Siwalik Beas Intel"'" 01 2.1.1.2 Gurdaspur Upland Fluvial Plain 2.1.1.3 Ravi Flood Plain 2.1.1.4 Batala Plain 2 1.1.5 Beas Flood Plain Amritsar 2.1.1.1 Satluj and Beas Rood Plain 02 2.1.1 2 Tarn Taran Plain 21.1.3 Amritsar Plain 2.1.1.4 Ravi Flood Plain 21.2 Hoshiarpur Hoshiarpur 2.1.2.1 Beas Flood Plain Chandigarh 07 2.1.2.2 Choes of Hoshiarpur SUb-Mountane 2.1.2.3 Hoshiarpur Siwalik Plain 2.1.2.4 Satluj Khadar Rupnagar 2.1.2.1 Upper Satluj Basin 08 21.2.2 Rupnagar Siwalik 21.2.3 Khar ar Plain 2.1.3 Beas Jalandhar 2 1.3.1 Bhogpur-Adampur Plain Satluj Doab 05 2.1.3.2 Jalandhar-Nawashahr Doab Plain 21.3.3 Satluj Khadar Kapurthala 2 1.3 1 ~as Flood Plain 06 2.1.3.2 Kapurthala Plain 2 1.4 Punjab Firozpur 2.1.4.1 Satluj Khadar Malwa Plain 03 2.1.4.2 Firozpur Plain 2.14.3 Abohar Sandy Plain Ludhiana 2.1 4.1 Satluj Khadar 04 2142 Western Ludhiana Plain 2.1.43 Eastern Ludhiana Plain Patiala 2.1.4.1 Patiala Plain 09 2.1.42 Ghaggar Flood Plain Sangrur 21.4.1 Western Sangrur Plain 10 2.1.4.2 Eastern Sangrur Plain 2.1.4.3 Southern Sangrur Ptain 2 1.44 Ghaggar Aood Ptain Bathinda 2.1 4.1 Bathinda Sandy Ptain 1 1 2.14.2 Rampura-Mansa Ptain 2.14.3 Ghaggar Flood Ptain Fartdkot 2 1 4.1 Muktsar Plain 12 2.1.4.2 Faridkot Sandy Ptain 214.3 Mega Ptain 32 MAP 2 CENSUS OF INDIA JAM M U & PUNJAB CENSUS CODE 17 REGIONAL DIVISIONS / 10 o 10 20 30 40 KILOMETRES U) AMRiTSAR 10' I :I 1.1,3 ,1'- "I"A 1 ." .. ;,> I I 2 60I)tolO"~Y, INTF PN"TIClN"( '> r"it /lJ T (lIS TAleT hAACR(; AH,ION ME50 "'IClW SUe-MICRO " OfSTR1C T COO£. 198/ [ 10 I RrGIO""L DIVISIONS 2 I 4 I MACRO M[$O MICRO =J_JJ I sue MI(:AO " •• __. __ ...J ~.------.------ 33 I~ j ,ee ;) co _ • ..n .'1 OJ ., • m _ I .., I It) ..., Rl ~ ,.,'" N~" " .... m III c c "~ ~ c: t: <: #_£ c: c: c III III l ~ ~ l ! ~ ~ .~ ~ £ 2"l t: ££ iij ~ .C c.:f i -' "B }i~l~ ~ t ~ ~ j ~~I K~~ ~ t: ~ E -; ~ '0 if :g"'lt ~ ~ ~ I J jj ~ -g ~' - "! ("~ ": tQ P" '" 111 M ..,. "... .~ "... -: "! .., ~ N ii1~ N .., ~~~ - N IJJ'"'! .,- .-. ". "i !\j "! N N N "i ..;..; - - ~ .....: ~ .. 'III: ~ .- '" (") Iii N N ,.,; '" ,, 34 GENERAL MAPS CENSUS Of INDIA MAP 3 , .)1 POSITION OF PUNJAB IN INDIA 1981 Boundary, International. B(l(JIIdary. Stat" I Unil)n TerrllMy ,I - Capital of Indl3 (\ • • lCilometrn 100 0 100 100 300 ~OO ..... -.-.~ ..... U , · . 14 I I i ~l I D"D",., l NAG"'" ti)l.VEll BAY o F Dl:.NGAL ARABIAl't • Hyder.bad • SEA " _. ANDHRA I'RAL>I:.SH the .dmtnlatfltlv8 hUlldquirttfli 01 Chllnrj(nmh. H.rYlln/J lind Punjllb 1J'(j nr Chandigarh Il• - (•. O... D. ,"OA, DAMAN l OIU ~ONDIOHl\l\r " " J N 0 1 A ~ ,. Intlml !'Ollli 37 Clfll"iou', nr IN\lIA JAM M U ( PUNJAB & ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS 1981 10 0 10 20 30 40 s± I .± I I KLOMETRES ." ( BOUNDARY. INTERNATIONAL STATE I UT DISTRICT " TAHSIL DISTRICT HE AOClUAR 1 ERS TAHSil HF AOQUARTERS • DISTRICT KAPVRTHAlA •Ie ....t. , 1'" 1I",,,c_ .... ~ ... 'Ier~ Or, 01,. IlIh~" ...... ,t 38 CENSUS Or INOlA JAM M U PUNJAB , RELIEF AND DRAINAGE H 10 0 IQ 20 )0 40 ! ! d ! -lid KILOME TR£S ., < N o / ). / /f / RAJASTHAN BOUNDARY. I NT[RNATIONAl At. TlTVOE SCALE IN METRES .. STAlE I U T RIVER / CHOE _ ...... COHTOUA' 4IIC ~UofAn AHO I(( VCIITICAl .... T["-L ••• ~ 38 CENSUS OF INDIA MAP 6 JAM M U PUNJAB & K ASH NORMAL MONTHLY AND ANNUAL RAINFALL 10 0 10 20 30 40 ! ! ! ! KILOMETRES ( \ A BOUNDARY, I NTERNATIONAL STATE / U T ... ANN UAL RAINFALL IINmm) 900 700 500 300 40 CENSUS OF INDIA '- MAP 7 PUNJAB JAM M U NORMAL MONTHLY AND & ANNUAL TEMPERATURE 10 0 10 ~O 30 40 KILOMET~ES "9 o ~ ______-=-:Jl~ff4'r;trtt--______=_=______---=---~., ...... ' ...... ) 1'\ f:-::---=______-----~·-: .: : : : : : : : : : : : : :( ..,j :-\ ~ 1=,.. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.~. '~" '~. -:~.:- . .: \-:-/ . . . . :-:-:- . . . 2.. :\..... "1...... 1- .'\.~ ~----_=1·...:._··:·:·:·:·:·:·:·:·: t·) A ~----·-=··>o..:....··:·:·:·:· S .'\."":---_...... ::::...... :. ... -: <~ BOUNDARY. I NTERNATI ONA L ..... _._._ A STATE / U.T ...... _._._ ANNUAL TEMPERA TU RE (Co) 24.5 24.0 23.5 23.0 41 ('ENSUS OF INDIA JAM M U PUNJAB & GEOLOGY 10 0 10 20 30 1.0 b-···--t- i ±---ct--d KILOMETRES ( BOUNDARY, INTERNATIONAL SlATE I U.T. RECENT WIOPLEISTOCENE C. fltSoUS 'Jf INI'I'" -----_ ..---, ... __ .,--_._------. PUNJAB SOILS 10 0 0 20 )0 .. 0 t:::1 ----+ .. -+ - t j ",.OwPRES " " 1-.., ( " , . , , , , .. . , , ..... , , ...... .""Jo' • . ,.... \ ( c..... UT OF '" CHANDlGMH " , , , .. , , ... , .. ' . , . , , '''(' I .N:::::::::::::::::::·:::::::::::·.:()::: ""'~~..... A .. .',\-,4.. t •. : .... :,: ... :.:.:.:.: '~I' ',71 : . . - t ". .£ ...... "" ~ ...... , , .. 1 ••• , ••. , , , . f ."".,~ ~. .. v Q.. / ···~S,..,· ~ .,. .... 11\"'''''''\, • ..rW".... "' ,. "' "'r' Ii. '" .. " \.... '10 m" .~"" ~"''''~. ~ [-_._.- . -, ~" v ·_'_·.,...· ...... r· AJSTHAN "\ R ...... "" ...... -...... _.-.- tA.I4/U,T WI LEG(ND NO 1oUtI-0It0I! II AUOCIAll0-.5 r---"'--'-" ------.. , .. _ .. ---~ .. -.... , -_ .. - .. ,----.. ----- J .~ UUAUS - 0Ct4IIP'l$ 11()L~US'IAlf\" FLU"'-N"t. ...., __h .... 'ef _._ .... _, _ ...... MI" J~OII'TH'DS - FlU"'-NU UUAI,H ,__•. ____ .t __ ft ...... J7 WUllIl'iMA!lENTS· FLU"'-Hn - 0111 HIOS OCM"," { ,.11ttttI ~S- 'LUYENU,- AQUlNn 'UIII'OITS .... ,"-'--, ..1:l_T,J]fluvtHl •. (XW1I£,,15 _ "'AM"'tM'S - ~_'..... , '-'10 ...... ' ...... _~ _ ...... 1 0"'"'" ...., _ ...._,.,.. _ .....It !lOUIN" ACHIf,,'S ,...... ' ~~ :§~ IIIftfCjIIT. ....,...... ,-- ... -... '4 OCHIIP'TJ - CNlTNVITS -VI T.III.n l 71 ~ -OImtINTi--OC. 0U'f~-0IIT'" ...... _"'__w_ ..._ .. tflllW..,_ ...... U.,_...'f(.A .. , ...... ' 43 cfNSU" or \~IJII. JAM M U ( PUNJAB & ,-;. :-:'~~, K ASH M I R /,.', ,,:,~, DISTR IBUTION OF POPULATION '"'--,~ / '<~S;:;/~':'r' );-~ ~ (1/" (ri· l}:~~;~~;;' '" 7:' ''':'::;~'xc I 9 81 ,.,' ....•• ~ + ('!~.) : ~ • 111: •. -A~j.Y~"'''..'·: • J• • 'L,,? ,/ 10 0 10 10 ),0 '0 ~ pJ.,?:;:.~~."" .~ .. :.:.;., 'I, 1- "·:·:.:·>'."~':f~·.~""'~ _:_ /.. KII U~£ ll1f', "",,~,"I .••• , :: ', : ...' .1).:\ ...... ~I'~" ••••••: ... ' ...... ,.", ••• ..;-1.. \ .. '.' .. '. ;~"" ... ':' .. ~:.:. :". ',' .. ::~.:'.. j.,.' : .1 ' ~:· :':'.•. ' ."1 ' ... ,I I, ••• :':'., ••' ••• '- •••• :., .t\~: .. • JI..'"r-': 0.:.... I t· . ' ..... ' ;.. ~;. '\." '.; " .. ;.. : " .:.;.;:it( ."•••••••.•• :.. (1.' . " 1r.", ••..• "'":." \. • .:. • ,'" '" • ,.... • . ." .~:"":':"'.: ::": :': :.: :..... '.'::' :. ,:,:':JJf:',': I.~· '. :~~>'.:\':'::::. '~i.~'~.' .'~ \ 0 ~;. :':'.... ,.. ::.~~ .. <.. :':--'.: .:~.:.:.:;(If :.:':':: .~' :.:.:::\:·'::f:~~~.'~:.::';W: .':'.. \ ~ .)· ...s...... "9 Xl,OOO - 4~.~ lAC" ~OT REPRESENTS 2.500 AUAAl POPUlATION IQOOO 19.999 s.ooo e LESS TI1.N S.OOO 44 MJ'I~' I' JAM M U & PUNJAB ON KASHMI.~R~~ DENSITY 01981F POPULATI 10 KilOMETRES INTERNATIONAL _._._._.- BOUNDAR', S'ATE I u. __ _ .. DISTRICT ...... TAHSIL ...... 45 <.fNSUS 01- IN[lIA "lAP 1, BOUNDARY. I NlERN.TIONAL/ U T...... _ ___ --.- _ STATE. _ P£A___,...... r PO w.l "DISTRICT ...... _.. II" REGIONAL DIVISION ~ SSI AND 48OY( BIB lSI' SSO ~ 251 - lSO rn JOI - ~SO D :100 AND IIU.C* C[N5US OF I NOlA _ ~'.\f' 1) BOUNDARY • INTERN .. STATE I AllON. Al __ . __ ._ • 0 UT • TAHSil'ISTRtCT ," --,_._ PEASONS PEA 2 ... '___ a_ ""'-'1 K. "'" ~"'\.~ l!> I AND ..• lOVE m lOI' 350 ~ 251 - 300 n [1 l'TI-·tjJ 101- ...... ~i~'" L_ "'J 200 ANO IIHOW 47 c.r N'_.Uc. Of l~jUII. JAMMU PUNJAB & RURAL DENSITY OF POPULATION 1981 KILOtAl: T~E:, B 0 UN OA RY. 1 N l f RNA liON A l " S1AlE/U1 PERSONS PER ~ ..2 DISTRICT ~ 351 .. ND ABOVE RE. GIONAL DIVISION ~ 2"'-:HO ~ :101-250 Tn: 176 - 200 __j 115 ..ND aELOW 48 C£ Nc,uC; or I NOI A JAM M U , ( URBAN PUNJAB K ASH M OF POPUL~T~~NSITY( 1981 10 BY TAHSILS ) I o, 10I :'>0 JO 40 ! z*--- 1 kilOMETRES • ., + BOUNDARY • I NTERNATION STATE I U Al P£AIiON5 PEA 1(101 DISTRICT .T.. .. _.._._ nOI AN .. TAHSIL IIIi,." 0 AlOVE ~, SSOI - 6800 ~ .. SOl - IS ~'\.'~ 00 e.\.'\:. ~I"" ''>01- _ _"500... m 'SOl - JSOO [~ :U.oO ANO ilL-OW CENSUS OF INDIA V) BOUNDARY. INTERNATIONAL 2 PERSONS PER 1(. .. STATE / UT .. DISTRICT ___ _ ~ 6S01 AND AeOIlE .. REGIONAL DIVISIONS ~ SOOI -6!>00 ~ l!>OI - 5000 ill] 2001 - 3S00 o 2000 AIiIO HLOW L~~] ENTIRELY RlJI:lAL 50 PART -III REGIONAL DIVISIONS OF DISTRICTS DISTRICT GURDASPUR REGIONAL DIVISIONS Gurdaspur is the northern most district. It is district has experienced a reasonable growth in bounded by HimacRal Pradesh and Jammu and different fields like education, industries and Kashmir in the north-east and by Amritsar, Ka agriculture. purthala and Hoshiarpur districts in the south and by Himachal Pradesh in the east. On the west it has Gurdaspur district is a part of Ravi-Beas Inter the international boundary line with Pakistan. It has Fluvial Plain {2.1.1.} and is sub-divided into following 2 an area of 3562.0 km with a population of five sub-micro regions on the basis of geology, 1,513,435 of whicll 1,185,167 are residing in rural soils, topography, climate and natural vegetation:- and 328,268 in urban areas. The district is consisted of three tahsils having 1,631 villages and 11 towns. T owns of Batala, Dera Saba Nanak and Sri 2.1.1.1 Gurdaspur Siwalik Hargobindpur have a long tlistory behind them and continue to enjoy their religious importance. The region spreads over the northern and north Pathankot, Satala, Gurdaspur and Dhariwal towns eastern parts of Gurdaspur district, occupying on the National Highway have marched forward in about 40 per cent area of the Pathankot tallsil wllietl different ways. is hilly. It covers 56 villages of Palhankot tahsil 2 covering 330.00 km of area alld 56,4?:i pmsons The economy of the district continues to be pre who are residing in rural areas as ttlere IS no urban dominantly agricultural Out of 402,099 main centre in this region ThH geological structure of this workers 32.74 per cent are cultivators, 23.20 per region is mainly consisted of Siwalik and soils am cent are agricultural labourers, 2.27 per cent are Ochrepts, Orthents-Rock Outcrops and Orttlids with engaged in household industry, manufacturing, hilly topography and hig~l concentration of rainfall processing, servicing and repairs, 47 49 per cent This region is less developed in the district Its are other workers. In this district 23.69 per cent of density of population is 171 persons per krn? the population are Scheduled castes. There are 658,212 persons who are literates and form 43.49 2.1.1.2 Gurdaspur Upland per cant of the total population. The soils are highly fertile made up from the alluvium of Seas and Ravi The region extends over the parts of Pathankot rivers. Canals are the main source of irrigation The and Gurdaspur tahsiis. It is an area of allUVial fall, district is ~rved by a net-work of the Upper Bari which lies between Gurdaspur Siwalik alld Salala Doab Canal System. Tube well irrigation has its own Plain. It contains 429 villages and 4 town:, With an role. area of 730 25 km 2 where 493. n:~ pm~,oll~ are residing, of which 317,516 are in rural and 176,207 In the field of industry, Satala and Dhariwal towns in Urban areas. The most prominent Urban centms are known all over the country for engineering are Gurdaspur. Dinanagar and Pathankot This gcx:x1s/machine toots and woollen textile region is well developll(J in respect 01 roaos ane! manufacture respectively. The district is served railway lines Broad ()uage and narrow gua~w with a reasonably good road-cum-rail transport railway lines are passing through this region The system to meet its various needs on the whoe. This geological structure 01 this region is formed of 53 Alluvium and soils are shallow black and alluvial. centres. of which Batala and Dhariwal are the most 2 The soils as Classified by National Bureau of' Soil important towns. It covers an area of 1.471.25 km Survey and land Use Planning are Ochrepts, and is inhabited by 695,094 persorns, of which Ochrepts-Orthents-Rock Outcrops-Orthids. This 555,120 reside in rural and 139,974 in urban areas. region has the facilities of good net work of This is the developed region and having good transport and communication. It has the highest network of roads and railway lines. Its density of 2 2 density of population which is 676 persons per km population is 472 persons per km Batala and Dhariwal towns are the famous for manufacturing of 2.1.1.3 Ravl Flood Plain agricultural implements and woollen qoocts respectively and are located on National Highway This region extends over the parts of Pathankot, 15 and main Amritsar, Pathankot railway line. The Gurdaspur and Balala tahsils of Gurdaspur district geological structure of this region is formed of The Rav; river flows from north-east to south-west Alluvium and its soils are Alluvial. Technically, the direction. River makes its flood plain along the north soils are Ochrept-Orthents-Rock Outcrops-Orthids. and western parts of Gurdaspur district. It covers Agricultural is the main occupation and a number of 278 villagf~s (143 of Pathankot tahsil. 88 of agrobased industries have come up In this. region, Gurdaspur tahsil and 47 of Batala tahsil) and 2 Main sources of irrigation are tubewells and canals towns with an area of 469.19 km2 and is inhabited Wheat, rice, maize and sugarcane are the major by 128,429 persons, of which 119,557 resides in crops of this region. rural and 8,872 in Urban areas. The region has density of 274 persons per km2, Being flood plain 2.1.1.5 Beas Flood Plain and near to international border. the development of industries is very less as compared to the other The region extends over parts of Pathankot, regions of this district. The geological structure of Gurdaspur and Batala tahsils. It forms the extreme this region is consisted of Alluvium. eastern part of Gurdaspur district The Beas river flows from north to south direction along the district boundary. It contains 231 villages (38 of Pathankot. The natural vegetation includes Mango, Kikar 167 of Gurdaspur and 26 of Satala tahsils) and one and JBmun trees. Sarkanda and Reeds are also town with an area of 554.19 km2 and resided by found alongwith the river beds, Agriculture Is the 139,766 persons, of which 136,551 are in rural and main occupation of the people with wheat, maize 3,215 in urban area. This region has the least and rice as their main crops. development of roads and industries. It has a density at 252 persons per km~ Sri Hargobindpur is 2.1.1.4 Batala Plain the only town of this region. Geologically it is coming under Alluvium. The region forms the extreme southern portion of Gurdaspur district and is surrounded by Ravi Flood Its soils are alluvial and fertile. Its soils are Plain in the west, by Gurdaspur Upland in the north, Ochrepts-Orthents-Rock Outcrops-Orthids Na1ural by Beas Flood Plain in the east and by Arnritsar vegetation includes Shisham, Neem. Klkar, district in the south. It spreads over parts of Batala Sarkanda and Reeds. Agriculture is the majot and Gurdaspur tahsil. It contains 637 villages (218 occupation and wheat, maize and rice are the main of Gurdaspur and 419 of Batala tahsUs) with 4 urban crops. 54 N5US OF NOlA MAP17 PUNJAB DISTRICT GURDASPUR CENSUS CODE 01 REGIONAL DIVISIONS 10 o 10 20 30 40 KILOMETRES p ::l Q. 0: « 2.1.1.4 I III 1'> « 2.1.1.4 I III 0 GURDASPUR SIWALIK I 2.1 I. I GURDASPUR UPLAND. 2. I.' 2 / RAVI FLOOD PLAIN . 2.1 , 3 l- BATALA PLAIN ... 2.1.1.4 V BEAS FLOOD PLAIN 2 ,., 5 T A L A " Q- .., .. " TO TANOA BOUNDARY, INTERNATIONAL _._._._ s STATE .. _.. _.. _.. _ DISTRICT ... _._._ TAHSIL· VILLAGE HAVING 5.000 & ABOVE POPULATION URBAN AREA .. • NATIONAL HIGHWAY. STATE HIGHWAY. IMPORTANT METALLED ROAD RAILWAY LINE WITH STATION,BROAO GAUGE . RAILWAY LINE WITH STATION, NARROW GAUGE RIVER .. I .. , I. .~ GEOLOGY SOILS REGIONAL DIVISIONS. . 2. I. , • 1<2.2..2.,0 100..._.__.__. 20 MACRO. kms Kms MESO _"./' .. ..) 1'-7Q·1 MICRO . .... ~.r'/ r. .1 SUB'MICRO WITH BOUNDARY /. DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS District Name ______GUROASPUR Census Location Code No ______01 S,tate. ____PUNJAB_ 2 51. Dfstrict Region No. of No. of Area in km of the PopulatIon of thfl r'3giolls towns region (19B t) No. No. and villages ------...... _- ,_,,_. Name ir, each in the -- regl(ln region Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban as evolved .. _-- 2 j 4 5 6 1 8 9 10 11 1. Gurdaspur 2.1.1 1. 56 33000 33000 56.423 SGA:'] Gurdaspu( {56 Pathankot Siwalik Tahsil 2 2 1 1.2 429 4- 7J02~ 692 13 3B 12 493. 7~}3 J17.t;1C 176.20l Gurdaspu( (179 Pathankot Sujanpur M C. Upland Tahsil) Pathankol MG. (250 Gurdaspur Dlnanagar M C Tahsil) Gurdaspur Me 3 2 , 13 21'8 46919 2 46641 27H 128,429 1 19,~!)7 8,812 Ravi (143 Pathankot NarOI Jaimal Flood Tahsil) SIngh N A C. Plain (88 GlJrdaspu, Dera Babe Tahsil) Nanak Me (478atala Tahsil) 4 2 1 1 4 637 4 147'25 1450 67 2058 69{),0':.l4 ~.b!J, 120 1~~9,914 Batala (218 Gurdaspur Batala Me. Plalo 'T ahsil) Oadian M.e, (419 BataJa Faleh Garh Me 'Tahsil) Chunan Me Ona(lwal M C 2 , 1 5 5 231 ~~4 19 5!>3 57 , 36.S!) 1 3,2'5 Beas (38 PathanJ..ot Sf! HarQobtndpur Flood Tahsil) Me Plain (167 Gurdaspur TahsIl) (26 Satala TahSIl) 57 REGION-WISE VilLAGE CODES, 1981 District Name' ______GUROASPUR Census Location Code No.______01 State ____PUNJAB_ SI. Division Tahsil Location Code Total Total Area REMARKS No. Number & No. 01 Census No. of No. of of Name Village as Villages Villages Regie per 1981 of Tahsil and towns rial in Division ? division in krn- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 _~, ~k" ____•. --~,- .. "---~", .. ,. Code No.30-45 & 69 are In 1. 2.1.1.1 Pathankot 1·29, 46-68, 70-73. 56 56 330.00 Gurdas- Tahsil villages Villages Divn No2 I 12 pur Siwalik 2. 2.1.1.2. Pathan- 30-45,69,74-115, 179 429 730.25 Code No 46-68,70-73 are In Ohm. Gurdas- kot 117-119, 157, 185, Villages Villages No 2 I I I pur Tahsil 204·210,214,215, t 4 Towns Code No 186-203.21 1·213,216- Upland 219·248,256, 218,249-255,257,293,301·303 258·292,294-300, are In Divn.No 2 1 1.3. 304-309. Code No 116, 120·156 are in Divn NQ 2.1 1.5 Gurdas 39,40, 117·143, 250 Code No 1·25.27·38,144·146, pur 147-171,178-180, Villages 172-177,181-191,199,228257 Tahsil 192-198, 200-227, are in Oivn No 2 I 1 3. 258-317, 336-340, Code No 26.41·116,459,495- 345,346,348-357, 582, 585-598, are In Divn No. 415,418-458, 2 1 14 460-494,583,584 Code No 318-335.341·344,347. 599-600. 358·414,416,417 are In Oivn. No 2 1 1 5. 3. 2.1.1.3. Pathan- 186-203,211-213, 143 278 469.19 Code No 204·210. 214. 215, 21~- Ravi kat 216-218,249-255, Villages Villages 248,256.258-292,294-300,304- Flood Tahsil 257,293,301'303, +2 Towns 309 are in Di"n No.2 1 1 2 Plain 310-416. Gurdas- 1·25,27-38. 144-146, 88 Code No. 39,40, 117·143,147- pur 172-177,181·19', Villages 171. 178-180,192-198,2()()'227 Tahsil 199,228·257, are in Oil/n. No.2. 1.1.2. Code No 26,41-116 are in Divn No. 2.1.1.4, Batala 1·11,14,15,17-42, 47 Code No, 12, 13, 16,43,44,46- Tahsil 45, 49-53, 55·56. Villages 48 & 54 are in Qivn No.21.1.4, 58 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4. 2.1.1.4. Gurdas- 26,41-116,459, 218 637 i471.25 Code No. 39, 40, 1 1 7· 143, 147· Batata pur 495-582, 585-598, Villages Villages 171, 178·1S0, 192·198.200·227. Plain Tahsil 607-632,680-891. ,. 4 Towns 258-317.336·340,345.346.348· 357.415,418·458,460·494.583, 584. 599, 600 am III Dlv!) No. 2,1.1.2. Code No 1·25.27·38. 144·146, 172-177, 18t·191, 199,228-257 are in Oll/n. NO.2' 1 3 Code NO.318-335, 341·344. 347, 358-416, 4J7. 601·606, 633-679 are in Oivn. No 2.1 1 5 Batala 12, 13, 16,43,44, 419 Code No 14.15,17-42.45.49·53 Tahsil 46-48, 54, 57-248, Villages 55, 56 are In Oivn No 2 1 1.3 251-378,387-392,404, Code No.379·386, 393-403.405 4Q6..488. are in Dlvn. No 2 1 1 ~ Code No. 249 & 250 are merged In Batala Me 5. Pathan- 2.' .1.5 116, 120-156. 38 231 55419 Code No ',7-"9 are In Divn Beas kot Villages Villages No.2 1 1 2. Flood Tahsil + , Town Plain Gurdas- 318-335,341-344,347, 167 Code No 336-340, 345, 346, 348- pur 358-414,416,417, Villages 357,415,418-458,460·494,583, Tahsil 601-606,633-679, 584, 599, 6(X) ale In 692-723. Oivn No 2 1 1,2 Code No 1-25.27-38,144"146, 172·177,181-191,199,228·257, are in Oivn No.2 1 1.3 Code No 26, 41-116, 459, 495- 582,585-598,60/-632,680-691 are in Oivn. NO.2 1 1.4. Batala 379-386, 393, 403 26 Code No 387-392,404,406.488 Tahsil 405, 489-494. Villages are in Oivn. NO.2. 1 1.4. 59 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO- CULTURAL DETAilS GURDASPUR 01 PUNJAB District Name; Census Location Code No. State: ___-- State District Division Name of Geology Soils Physio-Cultural Characteristics name number & Adminis- name trati"e division 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Punjab Gurdaspur 2.1.1.1. Pathankot Siwalik Ochrepts The region lies in the north-eastern Gurdaspur tahsil paft of Gurdaspur district covering 2 Siwalik an area of 330.00 km which is about 1/3rd of the total area of Pathankot tahsil. It has only 56,423 persons which com9S to 3.73 per cent if we compare it to the total population of Gurdaspur district. The very name of this region shows that it is covered with Siwalik hills and where only 56 villages of Pathankot tahsil are located. The maximum height of 959 metres is found near Lohrun (l.C.12) village of Pathankot tahsil whereas the minimum height at 1301 feet is found near Phadial (LC.?1) village of Pathankot tahsil The region is surrounded by 'Siaft Dhar' Ranges in the north-eastern side while western limit is represented by the Ravi river, in the extreme eastern side Chakki Khad and Jabbar Khad rivulets are flowing from north-east to south-west direction. Siwalik bears evidence of their very rapid deposition by the rejuvenated Himalayan rivers, which entered on a renewed phase of activity consequent upon the uplift of mountains. They are mainly water-worn debris of the granite core of the Himalayas. About half of the total area of zone is covered under group of Protected Forests namely Dala Dhar, SaJari Mansu, Sugret, Nag Dhar, Bhulan and Shan Sipar,which are dense mixed jungles having mainlv Pine wood, Deodar, Kail. Teak and BafTlboo trees in the hilly Slopes. 60 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tn. greater portion of rainfall occurs from June to September while winter rains come from December to February. Being hilly region. Sand loam to silt loam (Gravelly/Stony) soils are found. These soils are highly permeable and cannot hold the water for much time, The main occupation is agriculture. Cultivation is done on hilly slopes and depends upon rainfall. Wheat, maize and rice are the main crops. Besides this, wood cutting and grazing are their Secondary Activities. In this zone, restricted development of transport facilities is obvious. The main road from Pathankot city to Dalhousie passes through this zone, A small tract of railway line from Pathankot city to Nurpur in H,P, il also found in this region. 2,1,1,,2, Pathankot Alluvium- Ochrepts- In this region Rav; river and Gurdaspur tahsil & Orthents- Gurdaspur Siwalik make its northern Upland Gurdaspur Rock Outcrops- boundary and Beas Flood Plain and Tahsil Orthids H.P, are on its eastern aide, The flood plain of Ravi river and Batala Plain are located In its western and southern sides respectively, Gurdaspur Upland Plain covers 429 villages of Gurdaspur district with an 2 l!lfe8 of 730,25 km . It is 20,54 per cent of the total area of the Gurdaspur district, Only 493,723 persons are residing in this particular zone, Region contains 179 villages of Pathankot tahsil and 250 villages of Gurdaspuf tahsil and 4 towns namely Gurdaspur, Sujanpur, Oinanagar and Pathankot which .r. located on National Highways, The maximum height of 1301 teet above mean sea level Is found .near 61 ------.. _ ._ 2 3 4 5 6 7 Rajpur village (L.C.30) of Pathankot tahsil in the extreme north. The minimum heigtlt of 257 metres above mean sea level is located near Purowal (L.C.457) village of Gurdaspur tahsil in the extreme north. Bhawar Khad, Darang Khad and Phungo Tar; Khad come down from ttle Gurdaspur Siwaliks and meet together near north of Pathankot city. National Highway No.1 5 coming from Arnritsar to Pathankot passes through this sub-micro region and most of the villages are connected with link roads. Being a plain area the development ot railway lines and roads is conspicuous. Railway line starts from Arnritsar city passes through Gurdaspur and Pathankot towns and it terminates near Madhopur A small tract of narrow guage railway line appears in this region which starts from Pathankot towards Nurpur in H.P. A small patch of 'Nahr Ki Bir' reserved forest is malso found alongwith Upper Bari Doab canal near Deriwala (L.C.92) and Nahr Ki Sir (L.C.93) villages of Pathankot tahsil. Shallow black, brown and A:luvial soils are found in this region. Soils are clayey with large preponderances of clay and silt frictions and siliceous in nature. In this upland plain area the main trees are Shisham, Kikar, Ber. Phulahi. Neem, Jamun and Pipla/. The climate of the region is extreme summer heat changing with severe winter cold. Mostly rainfall occurs trom June to September while winter rains take place from December to February. 62 2 3 4 5 6 7 Being a plain area soils are fertile where agriculture is the main occupation of the people. The main source of irrigation is tubewells and canals. Wheat, Maize and rice are the main Crops. 2 1.1.3 Pathankot Alluvium OChrepts- This region lies along with the Rav; tahsil. Orthents- International boundary between Flood Gurdaspur Rock Outcrops- India and Pakistan. This region Plain tahsil & Orthlds. consists of 278 villages of Gurdaspur Batala district of which 143 villages fall in tahsil Pathankot tahsil, 88 villages in Gurdaspur tahsil and 47 villages in Batala tahsil. Its area is 469.19 km2. It has a population of 128,429 persons with two urban Centres i.e. Narot Jaimal Singh and Oera Saba Nanak. The name of this region shows that Ravi river flows throughout in this zone from north· eastern direction to south·western direction. These villages are goner ally flooded with river water during rainy season The maximum height of 964 feet is found near Sunder Chak (L.C.257) village of tahsil Pathankot in the north. It has the rninllnurn height of 236 metres locotf~d neBr Oela (LC 39, village of tiih~iI Batala in the extreme &outh ~~hingarwan Nadl, Maslo Nadi and Balala Nadl are H1B branches of Ravi River. Flood Plain is wider in the north and if> narrowing towards south The main vegetation includes Mango, Kikar ancj Jamun, Sarkanda and Reeds which are found along with the river beds Soils ace alluvial and recently formed. Thes.e are very fertile. Agriculture is the main occupation of 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 the people with wheat, maize and rice as their main crops. Rainfall genefally takes place from June to September and few showers take place in the months of Oecember, January and February. 2.1.1.4. Gurdaspur Alluvium Ochrepts- Batala tahsil & Orthents- Plain Batala Rock Outcrops- This region covers the southern part tahsil Orthids of Gurdaspur district. It is comparatively low land plain area as compared with the Gurdaspur Upland Plain. The maximum height of 262 metres is found near village Pirdi sain (L.C.495) of Gurdaspur tahsil in the north, where as the minimum height of 240' metres is located near village Kotla Mughlan (L.eA8) of Gurdaspur tahsil in the west. This region covers 637 villages (218 villages of Gurdaspur tahsil and 419 villages of Batala tahsil) and 695,094 persons of Gurdaspur district. There are 4 towns located in this region namely Dhariwal, Qadian, Batala and Fategarh Churian. A good net work of roads is found here which is an extra incentive for the promotion of industries and development of marketing facilities. Railway line also passes through this region and mostly the villages have link roads. Upper Bari Doab canal irrigates this region. The soils are alluvial and fertile. Agriculture is the main occupation. Many agrobased industrie:. have come up in this region. The main source of irrigation is tubewells and canals. Wheat, rice, sugarcane and maize are the major crops. Rainfall takes place from June tc September while winter rains come during December to February months. 64 2 3 4 5 6 7 2.1.1.5. Pathankot Alluvium Ochrepts. Beas Flood Plain lies in the eastern Beas tahsil, Orthents- side of Gurdaspur district Flood Gurdaspur Rocl< particularly in the middle and lower 2 Plain tahsil & OutCIOPS- parts. It has an area of 554.19 km ., Batala Orthids which covers 231 villages (38 of tahsil Pathankot, 167 of Gurdaspur and 26 of Batala tahsils). Only 139,766 persons are residing in this region and has one urban centre i.e. Sri Hargobindpur. The maximum height of 262 metres above mean sea level is found near Dhalla Goria (L.C.602) village of Gurdaspur tahsil. The minimum height of 240 metres above mean sea livel is found near Kiri Afghanan (L.C.382) village of Batala tahsil. Development of roads is very poor because of frequent occurence of floods. Three metres high gras& is generally found along the river bed. There is no railway line passing through this region. The main vegetation of this region is Mango, Kikar, Noam, Shish,am. Reeds and Sarkanda. Soils ea, alluvial and fertile. The main occupation of the people is agriculture. Wheat, maize and rice and sugarcane are the main Crops. 65 DISTRICT AMRITSAR REGIONAL DIVISIONS Amritsar is one.of the border districts situated on The development of roads and railway lines is the Indo-Pakistan border in the north·west of Pun remarkable. The villages are now well connected jab State. It is surrounded by Gurdaspur district in and easily accessible due to development of an the north-east, by KapurthaJa district in the east, by efficient net work of road transport. Amritsar town is Firozpur district ill the south and by Pakistan in the also connected by air. The district has total west. Beas river separates it from Kapurthala district population of 2,188,490 out of which 1,169.888 are in east and Satluj river separates it from Firozpur in males and 1,018,602 are females. The sex ratio in the south after its confluence with Beas river at this district is 871 only. 1,466,861 persons are living Harike. The district derives its name from the district in rural and 721,629 are in urban areas. It means Headquarters' town Amritsar, the best known as the 32.97 per cent of the population lives in urban areas home ot Golden Temple, the most sacred shrine of against 27.68 per cent of the state. The density of 2 the Sikhs. It is said that in 1,579 Guru Ramdas, the population is 430 persons per km . In this district fourth of the Sikh Gurus, decided to build a temple 29.64 per cent of the population comprises of main on the land gifted to him by the Emperor Akbar. A workers as per 1981 Census. The percentage of sacred tank (the pond of nectar), was first marginal workers is 1.32 per cent. Among main excavated here and later in 1,588, in its midst, a workers 31.46 per cent are CUltivators, 22.24 per temple was raised by the fifth Guru Arjan dev to cent are agricultural labourers, 2.46 per cent are in house the Guru Granth Sahib, the sacred book of household industries and 43.84 per cent are other Sikhs. Ever since, the Darbar Sahib or divine court workers. of Amritsar has became sikhism's holiest shrine and a pilgrimage centre, people from all over the world This district is known for Pashmina, silk goods, come to this place to pay ho"rnage. and carpe~s for a long time. After partition industries like woollen textiles, artificial silk textiles, The district has a climate of Punjab plains. From engineering and chemical industries have also middle of March temperature begins to rise. touch developed. Amritsar district is a part of Ravi Beas ing highest point during May and June, accompa Inter Fluvial Plain (2.1.1.) and is sub-divided into nied by hot winds. Rainy season sets in July and following four sub-micro regions on the basis of continued till the end of September. Winter season soils, topography, climate and natural starts from November to mid February. Small vegetation: -- amount of rainfall is also received in winter season in the months of December and January. The geo 2.1. 1. 1. Satluj and Beas Flood Plain logical structure of the district is consisted of Allu vium. This district Is an alluvial plain with small patch The region extends over the parts of Baba of reserved forests in the extreme north-west part of Bakala, Tarn Taran and Patti tahsils. 't forms the Tarn Taran tahsil. The land slopes gently to the lower eastern portion of Amritsar district and Beas south-west from the right bank of the Beas river to river flows from north-east to south-west direction. the left bank of the Ravi river. Ajnala tahsil. lying Beas river separates Amritsar district from along the bank of Ravl river has suffered badly on Kapurthala district. and Satlui river also flows in this account of floods and water logging. region and both the rivers confluence at Harike in 66 Amritsar district. Both the rivers are Perennial and district. It forms the northern portion of the district. it their discharge fluctuates with seasons, being the consists of 581 villages (247 of Amritsar,197 of maximum in monsoon season and minimum in Ajnala and 137 of Baba Bakala tahsils) and 7 Urban winter. It contains 150 villages (20 of Baba Bakala Centres. The most prominent towns are Amritsar tahsil, 66 of Tarn Taran tahsil and 64 Patti tahsil) and City, Jandiala, Majitha and Ajnala. The region 2 one town with an area of 77B.46 km , where spreads over an area of 2191·75 km2, with a 169,711 persons are residing, of which 163,798 are population of 1,358,246, of which 707,955 are in rural and 5,913 are in urban area. Being a flood residing in rural and 650,291 are in urban areas. It plain, it is having a minimum number of roads and has a density of 620 persons per km2.The region railway lines and other facilities. Chola Sahib is the has a wet! developed net work of roads and ra.Uway only urban centre. This region has a density of 218 lines and also enriched with educational and 2 persons per km . Geologically it is coming under er(1ployment facilities. Amrltsar with its surrounding Alluvium and main soils are Psammellts-Fluvents industrial centres of Chheratta and Verka still claims Aquents and Ochrepts-Orthents-Rock Outcrops and to be the industrial hub of Punjab. Many small units Orthids. Natural vegetation includes Shisham, in Amritsar have started producing machine tools, Neem, Highgrass, Sarkanda and Reeds. Agri electrical goods, optical goods, chemical and food culture is the major activity of the people and wheat, products. Verka excells in dairy industry. The maize, rice and sugarcane are the principle crops. geology of the region is consisted of Alluvium and its soils are most fertile. Again region has well 2.1.1.2 Tarn Taran Plain developed net work of canals. Agriculture is the main activity of the people. Wheat, maize, rice and The region spreads over the parts of Tarn Taran sugarcane are the principal crops. and Patti tahsils. It is plain area with fertile soils. It lies between Satluj and Beas Flood Plain and Amritsar P.lain. It contains 361 villages and 3 towns 2.1.1.4 Ravi Flood Plain namely Patti, Khem Karan and Tarn Taran of Amritsar district. It covers an area of 1,719.90 km 2 The region extends over 150 villages of Ajnala with a population of 594,793 of which 529,368 are tahsil. Ravi river which is a perennial river flows in residing in rural and 65,425 are in urban areas. north-east to south-western direction covering all Geologically, it is coming under Alluvium. Its main the low lying areas. It forms the north-western part soils are Psamments-Fluvents-Aquents and of Amritsar district. Since it is a flood plain area, Ochrepts-Orthents-Rock Outcrops and Orthids. most vf the villages are flooded with water during This region has well developed net work of roads rainy season. The region covers an area of 380.45 2 and railway lines and enriched with irrigational km with a population of 65,740 persons. The 2 facilities and other amenities. The density of density of population is 173 persons per km . population is 346 persons per km2. Agriculture is Geologically, it is coming under Alluvium and its the main activity of the people and wheat, maize, soils are sandy to silty-clay-loam. According to soil sugarcane and rice are the major crops. classification by National Bureau of Soil Survey and land Use Planning, the main soils are Ochrepts 2.1.1.3 Amritsar Plain Orthents-Rock Outcrops-Orthlds. Natural vegetation includes Shisham, Neem, Jamun, Sarkanda and The region extends over the parts of Ajnala, Reeds. Agriculture is the main activity of the people Amritsar and Baba Bakala tahsils of Amrttsar and rice, wheat and maize are their principal Crops. 67 r .. q) ~~~~~~~~~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::-"--"""-""- ~~_~_:.=~~_::::~ [l I ( .~ .I 'II > Q. I C -" , . a: -'), ~l. ~ . a <( 0 I II , - ... ." If) " N' J .. o III • ~N Z 0 ~ - 00 I'l a: Vi \ ,It s 1 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS AMRITSAR __ . District Name 02 PUNJAB Census Location Code No. State 2 S!. District Region NO.of No.of Alea in km Population of the region NO.and villages No. towns of the region (1981) Name in each in the region as region Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban evolved ---.--- 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 1 1. Amritsar 2.1.1.1. 150 778.46 771.26 7.20 169,711 163,798 5,913 Satluj (20 Baba Chola Sahib and Bakala NAC Beas Tahsil) Flood (66 Tarn Plain Taran Tahsil) (64 Patti Tahsil) 2. 2.1.1.2. 361 3 1719.90 1696.31 2359 594,793 529,368 65,425 Tarn (235 Tarn Tarn Taran Taran Taran M.C Plain Tahsil) Patti (126 Patti M.C. Tahsil) Khem Karan M.e. 3. 2.1.1.3. 581 7 2191.75 2064.85 126.90 1,358,246 707,955 650,291 Arm;t (137 Baba Rayya sm Bakala Tahsil) NAC Plain (247 Amritsar Jandiala Tahsil) M.C. (197 Ajnala Amrltsar Tahsil) (Corp.) Majitha M.e Amr;tsar Cantt. Ajnala NAC Ramdas M.e 4. 2.1.1.4. 150 380.45 380.45 65,740 65,740 .. ' Rav; (150 Ajnala Flood Tahsil) Plain ----_._---- 71 REG\ON-WISE VILLAGE CODES, 1981 AMRITSAR 02 PUNJAB District Name _ Census Location Code No. State_ 51. Division Tahsil Location Code Total Total Area REMARKS No. Number & No. of Census No. of No. of of Name Village as Villages Villages Regio per 1981 of Tahsil and towns nal in Division dtvision In. k m 2 . -_...... , .. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. 2.1.1.1. Baba 109,114-118, 20 150 77846 Code No. 147 is Merged in Rayya Satluj Bakala 126-133, 152- Villages Villages NAC. and Tahsil 154, 156-158. + 1 Town Code No. 110-113.119-125,134- Beas Flood 146,148-151, 155are in Plain Divn. No. 2.1.1.3 Tarn 199-211,214- 66 Code No. 212, 213, 236, 238-251, Taran 235,237,252- Villages 263-282 are in Oivn.No.2.1 1.2 Tahsil 262, 283-30 1. Patti 68,73-75,93- 64 Code No. 69-72, 76-92,130-156, Tahsil 129,157,158. Villages 159.179-187,189 are in Oivn. No 160-178,188,190. 2.1 12 2. 2.1.1.2. Patti 1-67,69-72, 126 361 1719.90 Code No. 68, 73-75, 93-129.157, Tarn Tahsil 76-92, 130- Villages Villages 158. 160-178, 188 are in Oivn. Taran 156,159,179- t 3 towns NO.2.1.1.1. Plain 187,189. Tarn 1-198,212,213,236, 235 Code No.199-21', 214-235, 237, Taran 238-251, 263-282. Villages 252-262 are In Oivn. No. 2.1.1.1 Tahsil 3. 21.1.3. Amritsar 1-82,84-119, 247 581 2191.75 Code No. 83 is Mergea in Majitha Amritsar Tahsil 122, 123, 125- Villages Villages MC. and 120, 121, 124, 153, 156- Plain 152, 154, 155, +7 Towns 159,161-163 are Merged in 160, 164-25k Amritsar M. Corpn Ajnala 13-24,27,40- 197 Code No. 25-26, 28-39, 47, 102- Tahsil 46,48-101, B5, Villages 134,136-149,151-159.190-242, 150. 160-189, 243- 256-267, 270-271 are in Oivn. No. 255. 268. 269, 2.1.1.4 272-347. Baba 1-1OB, 110·113, 137 Code No 147 is Merged in Rayya Baka'a 119-125. 134- Villages N.A.C Tahsil 146, 148-1 5 '. 155. Code No. 109. 114-' 18. 126-133, 152- , 54 are in Oivn. No 2 , .1.1 . 4. 2.1.' .4. Ajnala 1-12,25,26. 150 150 380.45 Code No. 13.24,27,40-46.48- Ravi Tahsil 28-39,47,102- Villages Villages 101, 135. 150, 160-189: 243-255. Aood 134,136-149.15'- 268-269 are in Oivn.No. 2.1.1.3. Plain 159, 1go..242 , 256- 267,270.271 72 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS District Name: ______AMRITSAR _ 02 Census Location Code No. ----- State: PUNJAB State District Division Name of Geology Soil::; Physio-Cultur al Characteristics name Number & Admini· name strative division 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Punjab Amritsar 2.1.1.1. Baba Alluvium Psamments- This region is located 111 tile eastern Satluj and Bakela Fluvents- and souttlern part of Arnritsar district Beas Flood tahsil Aquents and and is bounded by Tarn Taran Plain Plain Tarn Ochrepts- and Amritsar Plain in the north-west Taran Orthents- and north. Kapurthala and Firozpur tahsil Rock Outcrops- districts are in the eastern and & Patti Orthids. southern sides. A portion of Pakistan tahsil is toucheej in the south and a small portion of Gurdaspw district is also touched in the extreme north. This region is consisted of 150 villages (20 villages of Baba Bakala tahsil. 66 villages of Tarn Taran tahsil and 64 villages of Patti tahsil) and one town i.e. Chohla Sahib of Amritsar district. The maximum height of 243 metres above mean sea level is located near She ron Langah (L.C.115) of Baba Bakala tahsil and while the minimum height of 202 metres is found near village Ram Singh Wela (L.C.106) of PattI tahsil. 1 he most prominent rivers of this region are Satluj and Beas. Beas river flows towards south-west direction whereas Satluj river flows towards west direction. These villages are flooded during rainy season. Besides these two major rivers, there are distnbutaries/Nalas namely Kharo, Jamerai, Athwal, Riarki, Roh; NaJa, Budha Nala and Patti NaJa. Being flood plain area, the sub soil water table is very near to the surface. The natural vegetation include Shisham, Mango, Jamun, Kika" Reeds and Sarkanda. About 2·3 73 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 metres high grass is also found along the course of Beas and Satluj rivers. The development of roads and railway lines is remarkable. A net work of roads is clearly visible in this region. Major roads NH 1 and NH 15 are passing through this region. NH 15 connects Makhu with Tarn Taran. The other roads are SH 21 connecting Khem Karan with Bhikiwind, and Khem Karan with Patti and Amritsar city with Jalandhar city. Soils are sand to silty-clay-loam. But according to soil classification by National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, the soils of this region are Psamments-Fluvents Aquents-and Ochrepts-Orthents Rock Outcrops-Orthids. Agriculture is the major activity of the people and wheat, maize, rice and sugarcane are their principle crops. 2.1.1.2. Patti Alluvium Psamments· Though Tarn Taran Plain is similar Tarn tahsil Auvents-Aquents· in relief features to Amritsar Plain yet Taran &Tarn & Ochrepts it differs in soil charecteristies and Plain Taran Onhents-Rock productivity of the soils. From relief tahsil' Outcrops-Orthids point of view, we can draw an imaginary contour line of 230 metres bisecting the plain in north-west to south-east direction yet it will not be a realistic demarcation. The soils of upper part are different than the lower half. Tarn Taran plain is surrounded by Amritsar Plain in the north, Satluj and Beas Plain in the south and east Pakistan in the west. The region is consisted of 361 villages (235 villages of Tarn Taran tahsil and 126 villages Patti tahsil) and 3 towns of Amritsar district. The maximum height of 235 metres above mean sea level is found near 74 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Nagoke village (L.C. 186) of Tarn Taran tahsil and the minimum height of 213 metres is located near Rajoki village (l.e.S1) of Patti tahsil. Few pockets of reserved forests are found in this region. These are RAKH SARAI AMANA T KHAN near village Sarai Amanat Khan (L.C.21) and the second pocket of reserved forest is located near village Thathi (L.C. 146) of Tarn Taran tahsil along National Highway No.15 connecting Tarn Taran town wIth Amritsar city. The natural vegetation includes Shisham, Jamun. Neem, Kika, and mango trees. This region is a plain area with well developed canals/distributaries. Main canals/distributaries namely Upper Bari Doab canal. Basarke disty, Kasur branch lower. Patti disty, Chabal disty. Sirhali disty and Kasur nala are found. Major development of roads is clearly visible in this region. N.H. No.1 connecting Amlitsar city with Mai The soils are fine sandy-loam to clay-loam to silty clay-loam and loam to silty·clay loam. 1hese soils are very productive coupled with well planned system of irrigatIon. People are hard working and have taken much initiative to usc modern fertilizers to boost the production. Wheat. maize. rice. sugarcane are their principal crops, 2.1.1.3. Ajnala Alluvium Ochrepts This region covers the upper half of Amritsar tahsil Orthents- the Amritsar district. It is bounded by Plain Amritsar Rock Outcrops Rav; Flood Plain in north-west. by tahsil Orthids Gurdaspur district in the north-east. & Saba by Beas and Satluj Flood Plain in the Bakala east. by Tarn Taran Plain in the tahsil south and Pakistan in the west It 75 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 covers 581 villages (197 villages of Ajnala tahsil, 247 villages of Amritsar tahsil and 137 villages of Saba Bakala tahsil) and 7 towns of Amritsar district. The maximum height of 253.5 metres above mean sea level is found near village Chawinda (L.C.42) and the minimum height of 217 metres above mean sea level is located near village Rajatal (L.C.231) of Amritsar tahsil. In this region the most important small streams/Nala are Hansi Nala, Tarpai Drain, Hudiara Drain and Hisri Nala. In addition to this, there is a net work of canals/distributaries. The prominent among these are Upper Bari Doab Canal, Majitha disty, Doburji disty, Lower Kasur branch, Tangra disty, Dhar deo disty, Athwal disty. Ajnala disty, and Manan wala distributary. There are reserved forests in this particular zone. The most important are Rakh Bahoru and Rakh Sarai Amanat Khan near village Jathaul (L.C.229) of Amritsar tahsil. The main vegetation includes Shisham, Mango, Kikar, Jamun and Neem. The soils are pedocal brown colour of alluvial origin. But due to large contents of salt, large portion of land has become Kallar which is unfit for cultivation to some extent and it is also used for rice cultivation. It is less productive than the soils of Tarn Taran Plain, water logging is the main problem. Since it is a plain area, the development of roads and railway lines is obvious. National Highway Nos. 1 and 15 passing through this region. The other State Highways No. 21, 22 and 25 are also passing 76 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 through this region. Besides. there are other roads which pass through this region joining 7 towns namely Amritsar city, Amrltsar cantt .• Ramdass, Ajnala, Majitha, Rayya and Jandlala Guru. Railway line coming from Attarl via Amritsar goes to Jalandhar city and other railway, lines connecting Amritsar with Batala, Tarn Taran with Amritsar and Amrjtsar with Dera Saba Nanak are important. Soils are relatively less fertile and agriculture is the main occupation. Wheat, maize, rice, mustard and sugarcane are the principal crops and irrigation is done by canals and tube-wells. 2.1.1.4. Ajnala Alluvium Ochrepts Ravi Flood Plain lies in the north Ravi tahsil Qrthents- western part of Amritsar disuict. It I. Flood Rock Outcrops bounded by Gurdaspur district in the Plain Orthids north, by Amritsar Plain in the east and south-east and by Pakistan In the west and north-west. It (. consisted of 150 villages of Ajnala tahsil. The maximum height of 233 metres above mean sea level is found near village Thoba (L.e. 37) and the lowest height of 219 metres is located near village Lodhi Gullar (L.e. 258) of Ajnala Tahsil. Since it is a flood plain area, most of the villages are flooded with water during rainy season. Some of the villages are located in the course of Ravj river and many of them are uninhabited. In addition to Ravl river Sakki NaJa flows from north to south west direction. &$b sotl water table is very near to the surface. The natural vegetation is consisted of Kahl, Sarkanda, Kikar, Phulahl, Mango and Neem. Thr" metre, n 2 3 4 5 6 7 high grass is also found along the river bed. Development of roads is low, due to frequent occurance of floods. Main road S.H.No.25 which connects Ajnala town with Ramdass town passes through this region. This region is entirely rural area. Soils are sand to silty-clay-loam. According to soil classification by National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning. the soils of this region are Ochrepts-Orthents-Rock Outcrops-Orthids. Agriculture is the main activity of the people and rice, maile and wheat are their principal crops. 78 DISTRICT HOSHIARPUR REGIONAL DIVISIONS Hoshiarpur is a sUb-montane district located In The Beas and Satluj which flow along the the north-east of Punjab State and is bounded by northern and southern boundaries respectively of Himachal Pradesh and Rupnagar district in the Hoshlarpur district are perennial. Besides this, there north and east, by Jalandhar, Kapurthala and Gur are two Beins viz, Black Bein and White Bein in this daspur districts in the west, by Ludhiana and Rup district. The climate of Hoshlarpur district is nagar districts in the south. Beas river forms the moderate. The climate is generally healthy as rain northern boundary and Satluj river forms the south water is drained out rapidly during rainy season by ern boundary of this district. Hoshiarpur district is the choes, except in the Bet areas of Balachaur and known for Choes. These choes have rendered vast Dasua tahsils. areas unfit for cultivation by depositing sand in the adjoining areas. The soils of this district are Fluvents-Ochrepts, Ochrepts-Psamments and Ochrepts-Orthents-Rock The district takes its name from Hoshiarpur town Outcrops-Orthlds. The geological structure of the which Is the seat of the district administration. There this region Is consisted of Siwalik and Alluvium. The are two versions conneGted with the naming of this most Imponant towns are connected with roads town. According to the first version, the town was and railway lines. Industrial units are, spinning mills, founded by one Hoshiar Khan, who was a resident manufactures of pressure cookers, milk plant of village Bajwara located at a distance of 2 located at Hoshiarpur, paper mlll.s located at kilometres from the town about 600 years ago. Mukerian, engineering products located a Asron In According to the other version the' town was Balachaur tahsil and other small scale and cottage founded by Hargoblnd and Ram Chand, Diwans of industries such as rosin and turpentine, pine oil, and Emperor Mohammed Tughlak and named it as wood carving. such. Hoshiarpur district is a part of the Hoshlarpur Hoshiarpur district is comprised of 4 tahsils Chandigarh Sub-Montane Plain (2.1.2) and Is sub (Oasua, Hoshiarpur, Garshankar, and Balachaur) divided Into four sub-micro regions on the basis of having 10 towns and 1,617 villages. There are geology, soils, topography, climate and natural 1,243,807 persons residing in this district, of which vegetation. 649,565 are males and 594,242 are females. Among them 1,064,187 are living in rural and 179,620 in 2.1.2.1 Beas Flood Plain urban areas. The density of population is 320 persons per km2. The decenial population growth The region encompassing the north-west portion rate (1971-81) is + 18.34 per cent. Literacy rate is of Hoshsiarpur district extends over the parts of Da 50.09 per cent as against 40.86 per cent of Punjab sua tahsil with an area of 332.83 km2, It occupies State. Main workers are 26.39 per cent. Among the 154 villages with a population of 90,764 petsons. main workers 35.99 per cent are cultivators, 21.39 The density of the region is 273 persons per km2. per cent are agricultural labourers, 3.70 per cent Beas river which is perennial, flows from east to engaged In household industries and 38.92 per west direction and then takes a sudden turn to the cent are other workers. south and then flows from the north to south 79 direction. Most of the villages are located on the tahstls and covers 217 villages and one town I.e. 2 banks of the river and are generally flooded dur.ing Talwara N.A.C. with and area of 1196.90 km . The rainy season. Flood Plain is locally known as Bet. region is Inhabited by 179,801 persons of which G~logically it is coming under Alluvium and its 161,894 are residing In rural and 17,907 in urban ar salls are sand to silty-clay-loam. The development eas. The density of population is 150 persons per 2 of roads is less. Agriculture is the major occupation km .The Siwalik Is made of unconsolidated material of the people. Wheat. maize. rice and sugarcane are and subject to soli erosion by rain.The geological the principal crops. structure at this region is consists of Siwalik and soils are Fluvents-Ochrepts and Ochrepts-Psam 2.1.2.2 Choes of Hoshiarpur ments. Being hilly area, development Is very low and no industries are found in this area. Agriculture The region extends over the parts of Dasua, is the major activity and grazing of cattles is their Hoshiarpur. Garhslldnkar and Balachaur tahsils of secondary occupation. Irrigation is done by Kuhl Hoshlarpur district and occupies 1,214 villages (375 which is local name given to spring water brought of Dasua tahsil, 467 of Hoshiarpur tahsil, 255 of by carving artificial drains. Garashankar tahsil and 117 of Balachaur tahslls) and 9 towns (including district headquarters) ot the district.The whole region spreads over an area of 2.1.2.4 Satluj-Khadar 2343.56 km2 and Is inhabited by 962,958 persor of which 801,245 are residing in rural and 161,7 The region lies in the extreme southern part of are In Urban areas. The density of this region is 411 Hoshiarpur district and spreads over 32 villa~es of 2 persons per km . The whole reg ton is dissected by Balachaur tahsil with an area of 75.43 km . The numerous rainted Choes. The geology of this region region is inhabited by 10,284 persons and the 2 Is consisted of Alluvium and soils are Fluvents density of population Is 136 persons per km . Being Ochrepts and Ochrepts-Psamments. Natural vege a Khadar region. Satluj river is the most prominent tation includes Pipa/, Shisham, Mango, Neem, and river which flows from east to west direction. Most Jamun. Development of roads is reasonably good of the villages are situated in the river bed and are and major roads are N.H. 1 (A), SH 22. SH 23 and flooded during rainy season. The solis are sandy SH 24. The main activity of the people of this region loam to silt 1000m. But according to soil classification is agriculture. Wheat, Maize. rice, sugarcane and by National Bureau of Soil Survey and land Use potatoes are major crops. Planning, the main solis of this region are Ochrepts Psamments. Geologically, It is coming under Alluvium. Natural vegetation includes Mango, 2.1.2.3 Hoshiarpur Siwalik Shisham, Reeds and Sarkanda. Agriculture is the major activity of the people and wheat, maize and The region forms the extreme eastern portion of rice are the main Crops. The most important Hoshlarpur district and it spreads over the parts of problem of this region Is water-logging which is due Dasus, Hoshlarpur, Garashankar and Balachaur to continuous rising of water table. 80 ~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::~i::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::~------ .! 1 1 iii (" .~ nil i J of ~ i i :' ill::lj.r' ..o a. 0 I I )1 ~J: : : fV" ·z .': .... IX L.L. : Q . III :~ : l? It I v « I t VI ~ ) ~ l, l (, 0 L It II. ~ 'y ~ ~. ~.f ,,~ q. \ \)\ I) ~~ q \>; ~~ q. ''" IJ~ ool! .. "'I>' II)Q ...? ·i .,.r ~.~ •J />:, J "0 ."'j •t ·.' Q'S-o. o.~ • · ·! ~ ,rr , •" 8~ ~ 1-. ~ • /.t · , ,. ~ III I/'. J ,_:- ). 1:'-', t t '1'1 p., .. 0 /,111, t"''' • • • .. 1\ " ."::,".t / · • w' t 1• 0v I I '+.'1 · U I " .. + ~ D, '0 ..,1...... ' .. .1 ·• is- : • "l- • ·" . I') D~D - N "N N N N > N N N N ~ a: ::l o Q. .JOil' 0 I ; a: ~ o )I Ii n z « .1 Ul2 • I j I « I :> VI ~ a: ~ r. If 1 Ii "II. .1 l S 0 "0. 0 VI ,,~I." I II/ l! 1 0 I 0" ) I I I, OlD a It :r j Illr' II. j " 0 )I (jill k' "o 1La:"S 0 Q. z It 9II. , "'''ql ~ VI j IL III I VI " .1 o ii 0 III ~ 111 III :r 0 « VI J "~ u :r ~~ III Z III U~ ______~======~ DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISION [NitriC! Name ______HOSHlARPUR Census Locati"" Code No., ______07 Stato ______PUNJAB _ ------'----7--- SI. Ot.trlct Region No.of No.of Area in km Population of the region No. No.and villages in towns of the t&gion (1981) Name each region in the ------.-~--. -.~-'''-- ..------as evolved region Total ------_.'Aural Urban ---Totat------AUlal Ulban ------, 2 3 4 5 b 7 ._~ ____ 9 _. ____ ~.Y ____f _' _- ___ Hoshi.,- 2.1.2.1. 154 332 83 332 63 90,764 90,764 put e.as (154 Dasu. Rood Tahsil) Plain 2 2.1.2.2 1214 9 2343 56 227866 64 90 962,958 801.245 161,713 Choes (375 Oasu. Mukerian of Tahsil) Me Hoshi.,·· (467 Hoshlar· Dasua pur pur Tahsil) Me (255 Gathsha· Urmar n~al TahStl) Tand. (117 Balachau r Me TahSil) Garhdiwala M,e Hartana M C Sham,· Chaurasl M C Hoshlarpur M,e Garhshankar Me Balachaur Me 3 2 1.2.3 217 ,,9fj9(J 1186.00 1000 119.HOl 161,694 ",00' Hoshlar (85 Oaaua Talwar. put Tah.U) CT Siwalik (48 Hohsia, pur Taihil) (47 Gamshanka, Tahatfj (37 Balad\aur Tahad) 212. 32 7543 7543 SatJUJ (32 Balachaur Khadat reMHI 83 REGION-WISE VILLAGE CODES, 1981 District Name _--HOSHIARPUR______Census Location Code No. ______07 State ____PUNJAB_ sr. Division Tahsil Loca1ion Code Total Total Area of REMARKS No. Number & No. of Census No. of No.ot Region- Name Villages as Villages Villages nal per 1981 of Tahsil and towns Division . k 2 in division 111 m . 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2.1.2.1 Dasua '-9, , 1-18,36-43, 154 154 332.83 Code No. 420, 433. 435 are Beas Tahsil 45-50, 60-73, 75, 76, Villages Villages merged in Dasua M.C. Flood 87-105. 111,204-209. Code No. 498, 499. 502 are Plain 213-220, 222, 223, merged in Urmar Tanda M.C. 399-415, 553-573, Code No. 10,19-35,44,51·59, 583-593, 599-620. 74.77-86,106-110,112-129, 131-203,210-212,221.224-241, 243-246,248-255,311-316.344, 39B, 416·419,421·432,434, 436-497, 500, 501, 503'552, 574· 582, 594-598 are in Oivn. No. 2.1.2.2. Code No. 130,242.247,256-310. 317-343 are in Divn No.2. 1 .2.3. 2 2.1.2.2. Dasua ,10,19-35,44,51-59, 375 1214 2343.56 Code No. 11-18, 36-43, 45-50, Choes Tahsil 74, 77-86. 106, 110. villages Villages 60-73, 75, 76. 87-105, 11" of 112-129, 131·203,210, +9 Towns 204-209,213-220,222.223 Hoshia(- 212,221,224-241, 399-415, 553·573, 583-593 are in pur 243- 246, 248-255, Oivn No. 2.1.2.1. 311-316,344-398. 416-419.421-432, 434,4~97,500,501 503-552, 574-582. 594-598. Hoshiar- 1-13.17-19,23-'04, 467 Code No. 341-346 are merged in pur 123-182, 193-340, Villages Hoshiarpur M.C. Tahsil 347-381,383·386, Code No. 14-16,20-22, 105-122, 393, 396-416. 183-192,382,387-392.394, 422-521. 395,417-421 are in Oivn No. 2.1.2.3 Garh- 3-14,20-159, 365 Code No. 15-19,160-168,211- shankar 169, 203, 209, Villages 213 & 268 are in Divn No. 2.1.2.3. Tahsil 210, 214-267. 269-280. SaLatheur 7-14,20-80, Code No. 15-19,81-93,152·157, , "7 Tahsil 94-110, 112, Villages 173-175 are in Div" No.2. 1.2.3. 113,119-125. Code No. "1.114-118.126.128- 127140-151,158- 163-169 are in Divn No.2.1.2.4. 162. 1~172. 176. 84 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3 2,1.2.3 Oasua 130,242,247,· 85 217 1196.90 Code No. 204·209, 213-220, 222 Hoshiar- Tahsil 256-310, 317- Villages Villages 223 are in Diyn No. 2.1.2.1. pur 343 + 1 Town Code No. 131-203,210-212,221. Siwalik 224-241 . 243-246, 248- 255, 3' ,- 316. are in DlYn No. 2.1.2.2. Hoshiar- 14-16, 20-22. 48 Code No, 17-19, ,23-104, 123- pur 105-122,183- Villages 182. 193-340.347-381,383.387, Tahsil 192,382,387- 393,396-416 are in Ohm No. 392, 394, 395, 2.1.2.2. 417-421 Garh- ',2,15-19, 47 Code No. 3-14, 20-159, 169-203, shankar 160-168,204- Villages 209,210,214-267 & 269-280 are Tahsil 208,211-213, in Divn No. 2.1.2.2. 268,281·302 Bala- 1-6, 15-19. 37 Code No. 7-14, 20-80,94-110, chaur 81-93.152-157, Villages , 12, 113, 119-125. 127,140-151, Tahsil 173-175, 179-182 158-162, 110-172 & 176 are in Oi ... n No. 2.1.2.2. Code No."'.114-1'8, 126, 128- 139, 163-169, 177 & 178 are in Di ... n No. 2.1.2.4. 4 2.1.2.4. Bala- 1 1 1, , 14-118, 32 32 75.45 Code NO.1 12, 113, 119-125. 127. Satluj chaw 126, 128-139, Villages Villages 140-151, 158-162, 170-172 & 176 Khadar Tahsil 163- 169, , 77 , are in Diyn No. 2.1.2.2. 178,183-186. Code No. 152-157, 173-175 & 179·182 are in Divn No 2.1.2.3. 85 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIC- CULTURAL DETAILS HOSHIARPUR _ District Name. Census Location COde No. 07 PUNJAB ------State State District Oivislon Name of Geology Soils Physio-Cultural Characteristics name. number & Admini- name 8trativ. division 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Punjab Hoshiarpur 2.1.2.1. Dasua Alluvium Ochrepts- This region lies in the north and Beas tahsil Psamments and north-west parts of Hoshiarpur Flood Ochrepts-Orthents district. Beas river flows towards Plain Rock Outcrops- north-west direction in the upper Orthids most border of the district with Himachal Pradesh state boundary and after that it suddenly takes a turn to its left side and flows towards its south. Flood plain, locally known as Bet, are low .Iying areas which suffer from frequent floods during the rainy season. The width of flood plain varies according to the amount of shift experienced by Beas river. Some of the villages are located in the river bed. This region is consisted of 154 villages of Dasua tahsil. The maximum height of 988 feet is located near village Fatehpur (l.C.213) in the north and the minimum height of 232 metres above mean seas level is found near village Gandowal (L.C.SS8) in the extreme west of Dasua tahsil. West or Black Bein is also flowing in this particular region. West Bein canal also Passed through this flood plain area. Due to frequent occurance of floods, embankment has also been constructed along the Beas river to control the floods. The soils are generally of alluvial origin and these are fertile. But this flood plain is charecterised by new alluvium mixed with sand . .According to soil claSSification by National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use 86 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Planning, its soils are Ochrepts Psamments and Ochrepts-Orthents Rock Outcrops-Orthids. The underground water table is very close to the surface during the rainy season. Agriculture is the main occupation of the people of this region and wheat, maize, rice and sugarcane are their matn crops. Due to recurrent flooding large tracts of land lie as culturuble waste. The main vegetation includes Mango, Shisham, Phulahi, Kika" Reeds and Sarkanda. Being flood plain area the development of roads is very poor, only major road i.e. SH 22 connecting Sri Hargobindpur with Urmar Tanda town is clearly viSIble. Most of the villages have link roads. 2.1.2.2. Hoshiarpur Alluvium Fluvents This region is surrounded by Beas Choes of tahsil, Ochrepts Flood Plain on its north and west, by Hoshiar Dasua Ochrepts dil>tricts of Kapurthala and Jalandhar pur tahsil, Psamments on its south and west and by Satluj Garhshankar and Ochrepts· Khadar in its e)(treme south, by tahsil Orthents- Hoshiarpur Siwalik in the east with & Balachaur Rock Outcrops small portion of Himachal Pradesh. tahsil Urthids. This region 13 consisted of 1214 villages (375 villages of Dasua tahsil, 467 villages of Hoshiarpur tahsil, 255 villages Garhshankar tahsil and 117 villages of Balachaur tahsil) and 9 towns of Hoshiarpur district. The maximum height of 343 metres above mean sea level is found near Chak Ladian (L. C. , 02) of Hor.hiarpur tahsil and the minimum height 0' 231 metres above mean sea level is found near village Talwandi Salhan (L.C.551) of Dasua tahsil. The main ChooslKhads which take place from Hoshiarpur Siwalik! terminate in this r&gion. Eastern side of this zone i. highly dissected by 87 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 many rainfed streams/Choes and khads. The most prominent khads are Basu khad, Chak Natha di khad, Khabe di khad, Maili choe, Dada di khad, Salera wah khad, Arniala khad, Chulal wali khad, Maujhi ki khad etc. Some patches of reserved forests (Nand Bir) are also visible. The soils are stratified (Loamy sand to silt-loam) in the eastern part and fertile soils are available in the most of the region. According to soil classification by Na~ional Bureau ot Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, the Soils of this zone are Fluvents Ochrepts, Ochrepts- Psamments and Ochrepts-Orthents-ROCk Outcrops-Orthids. Natural vegetation includes Pipal, Shisham, Mango, Neem and Jamun. The development of roads and railway lilles is obvious The major roads are NH 1 (A) passes through this region. The other roads are SH 24 connecting Balachaur with Dasua SH 22 connecting Hoshiarpur with Una (in H.P.) whereas SH 23 connecting Hoshiarpur with Gagret (HP.) Two railway lines connecting Nawashahr with Jaijo and Hoshiarpur with Adampur are important. The main activity of the people of this region is agriculture. Irrigation is done by tube-wells and some parts are irrigated by Shah canal and Singowal distributary. Wheat, maize, rice and sugarcane are the major crops. 2.1.2.3. Dasua Siwalik Fluvents The region forms the north-eastern Hoshiarpur tAhsil. Ochrepts and part of Hoshiarpur district. It is Siwalik Hoshiarpur Ochrepts surrounded by choes of Hoshiarpur tahsil Psamments. in the north-west to south-west, and Garhshankar Satluj Khadar in the the south. tahsil Aupnagar district and State of & 8ala Himachal Pradesh in tt"\e east and chaur tahsil north. Beas river toutthes its northern 88 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 portion whereas Satluj river touches its southern part. This region IS comprised of 217 vmages(B5 villages of Dasua tahsil, 48 villages of Hoshiarpur tahsil and 47 villages of Garhshankar tahsil and 37 villages of Balachaur tahsil) of Hoshiarpur district. Being hilly area, there are a number of seasonal streams which brings rainy water from Siwalik hills. The heighest point of 777 metres above mean sea level is found near village Latholi (L.C.328) of Dasua tahsil whereas the lowest height of 293 metres is located near village Sauli (L.C.213) of Garhshankar tahsil. The important seasonal stream/Khad is Kemahi Devi khad which takes place from a height of 666 metres near village Beh·Khushal (LC.28B). It flows towards north-we.t direction and joins the Beas river. The other khads are Chak Natha dl khad, khabe di khad, Kajman di khad, Halowar di choe, Malli choe, and Basu khad. There are few reserved forests namely Karanpur R.F. Bindra Ban R.F. and Nand Bir A.F. Tbere are open mh(ed lungles also. The main trees are Deodar and Bamboo. The soils are coarse sand to sand loam and these contain coarse matenal, which is highly permeabl•. According to soil classification by National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, its soils are Ochrepts·Psamments and Auvent$· Ochrepts. Being hilly region, there 18 only one road which connects Talwara town with Mukerian town. Kutcha tracks 8re generally found in this area. Agriculture is the main occupation besides grazing of cattl.. a. thei, 89 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 secondary activity. Agriculture is mainly dependant on rainfall. Irrigation is done by Khul which is local name given to spring waters brought by carving out artificial drains. 2.1.2.4. Balachaur Alluvium Ochrepts This region lies in the extreme Satluj tahsil Psamments. southern part of Hoshiarpur district. Khadar Jalandhar district touches its western part whereas Ludhiana and Rupnagar districts are located on its south. Again un its eastern side lies Rupnagar district and on its north is Hoshiarpur Siwaliks and choes of Hoshiarpur. This region is consisted of 32 villages of Balachaur tahsil. Most of these villages are situated in the river bed and are flooded with water during rainy season. The Satluj river flows towards western side. The maximum height of 881 feet is found near village Dugri (L.C 129) and the lowest height of 8S9 feet is located near village Mandher (L.e. , 39) of Balachaur tahsil Sandy loam soils are found in this region. According to soil classification by National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, its soils are Ochrepts·Psamments. The main vegetation includes Mango, Palm, Shisham Reeds and Sarkanda. The main activity of the people is agriculture. The water table is also very near to the surface. This had lead to water logging problem. No major road is available but Kutcha roads are found. 90 DISTRICT RUPNAGAR REGIONAL DIVISIONS Rupnagar district, formally known as Ropar, is a the state. Important industrial units are textile mill at sUb-montane district which is situated in the eastern Kharar, sugar mill at Morinda and Chemical fertilizer part of Punjab state. It extends from north-west to plant at Nangal, milk plant at S.A.S. Nagar (Mohall) south-east along the siwalik. It is bounded by and other units producing dry cell batteries, tractors Himachal Pradesh state in the north and east, by and parts, medicines and life saving drugs, spun Ambala district of Haryana state and U.T. of pipes, television sets and surgical instruments. Chandigarh in the east, by Patiala district In the south and by Ludhiana and Hoshlarpur districts In All the towns are well connected with each other the west. by roads and railway lines. The salls are fertile in the plain areas and the agriculture Is the major activity Rupnagar district is comprised of 3 tahsil of the people. The most prominent crops are wheat. (Anandpur Sahib, Rupnagar and Kharar) having 9 maize, rice, sugarcane, potatoes, etc. towns and 919 villa~es. Its total area is 2085.0 km2, 2 of which 2007.7 km is rural and 77.3 km is urban Rupnagar district is a part of the Hoshiarpur area. It is inhabited by 716,662 persons, of which Chandigarh Sub-Montane Plain {2.1.2.} and is sub 562,024 are in Villages and 154,638 in urban divided Into following three sub-micro regions on centres. The most prominent towns are Anandpur the basis of geology, soils, topography, climate and Sahib, Kurali, Rupnagar and Kharar. The growth natural vegetation:-- rate of population of Rupnagar district come to +30.46 during 1971-81. The density of population is 2.1.2.1 Upper Satluj Basin 344 persons per km2. The region spreads over the parts of Anandpur The proportion of main workers is 28.82 per cent. Sahib and Rupnagar tahsils and it comprises of Among main workers 35.16 per cent are cultivators, about , 13rd afea of Rupnagar district. It covers 291 16,38 per cent agricultural labourers, 3.36 per villages and 4 towns (Including district cent in household industries and 45.10 per cent are headquarters) of the district with an area of 632.50 2 other workers. The district has a fairly moderate km . The region is inhabited by 243,594 persons, of climate during summer and winter months. The which 173,945 are residing in rural and 69,649 in honest months are May and June when mercury urban areas namely NangaJ township, Naya Nangal, shoots up to 4S0C. January and February are the Anandpur-Sahib and Rupnagar. The salls are most coldest months when mercury touches down to as fertile tram agricultural point of view. Satluj river 0 low as 4 C. The river which passes through this flows from north to south direction upto Rupnagar district is Satluj. After flowing through Anandpur town and then It takes a sudden turn towards west sahib, it forms a boundary between Hoshiarpur and direction. Means of transport and communications Rupnagar district in Rupnagar tahsil. The river has are well developed. India's one of the biggest f been dammed Bhakra, forming a large lake called fertilizer plants is also located at Nangal townShip. Gobind Sagar for supplying water for power and Agriculture is the major activity and Wheat, maize, irrigation throughout the year. grams and sugarcane are the important crops. The region is dissected by numerous choes / streams This district is fast rising on the industrial map of which originate from the Siwalik. These are ralnfed 91 Choes. The main soils are Ochrepts·Orthents and bushes, Phulahi, Mango, Kikar and other mixed Ochrepts-Psamments. The geological structure of vegetation. this region is consisted of Alluvium. The density of 2 population comes to 385 persons per km . This 2.1.2.3 Kharar Plain sub-micro region is backward from industrial point of view. The region forms lower half portion of Rupnagar district, except a small pocket of siwalik. It spreads over the parts of Rupnagar and Kharar tahsil and 2.1.2.2 Rupnagar Siwalik covered 509 villages and 5 towns with an area of 1032.52 km2. The region is inhabited by 404,889 The region extends over the parts of Anandpur persons, of which 319,900 are residing in rural area Sahib, Rupnagar and Kharar tahsils of Rupnagar and 84,989 in urban Centres. The region is highly district, Rupnagar Siwalik is scattered over 3 parts dissected by numerous Choes/Khads which In the district. One portion is located on the extreme originate from the Siwalik Budki Khad, Siswan Nadi, north-west part of the district, the second portion Haripur Nala, Jainta Devi Ki-Rao and Patiala Aao are lies in the eastern side of Anandpur Sahib town and the important Choes/Khads. North eastern part of the third pocket is located on the lower half eastern this is highly eroded and many features of bad land portiOn, near the U.T. of Chandigarh. These slwaliks topography are seen. The natural vegetation are highly eroded due to unconsolidated rock includes Kikar, Shisham, Jamun, Neem, Pipal and material. The region is comfrised of 119 villages thorny bushes, Geologically, it is coming under with an area of 501.83 km and is inhabited by Alluvium. The main soils are Ochrepts-Orthents and 68,179 persons. Being hilly area, the density of Ochrepts-Psamments. The development of roads 2 population Is only 136 persons per km . The soils and railway lines Is remarkable. Most important are Ochrepts-Orthents and Ochrepts-Psamments. raods passing through this region are N.H.21 and The geological structure Is mainly consisted of S.H. 18. Agrobased industries have come up in this Siwalik. Agriculture is the major activity, which region. Agriculture Is the main activity and wheat. depends on rainfall. Wheat, gram and maize are maize, rice, sugarcane, mustard and grams are important crops. Natural vegetation includes, thorny principal crops. 92 CENSUS OF INDIA PUNJAB DISTRICT RUPNAGAR CENSUS CODE 08 " REGIONAL DIVISIONS NANGAL 10 10 20 30 40 TOWNSHIP o KILOMETRES o (/I -I -I ~ ""G~~I-1S\"\~"'~ fP.O :t » o UPPER SATLUJ BASIN.. 2 ·1·2·1 RUPNAGAR SIWALIK ... 2·1·2·2 KHARAR PLAIN ...... 2·1·2·3 o FROM SAMRALA r" C O 1- FROM ;'AMRALA "? ~ ' / z BOUNDARY, STATE ••• • • • 0 •• • • •••• _.. _.. _.. _ " DISTRICT...... -._._._ " TAHSIL ...... -·_o_._ VILLAGE HAVING 5000& ABOVE POPULATION. " ...... ' " ...... • URBAN AREA •••••• ••• • 0 • • • •• • • •• NATIONAL HIGHWAY ...... , ~ NH21 4 STATE HIGHWAY ...... ' .. " ...... SH24 IMPORTANT METALLED ROAD / \. RAILWAY LINE WITH STATION. RS. A BROAD GAUGE ...... " " • . " " " . , . . ' =-__fjl.~-=._-= SOILS J\ 6 . GEOLOGY RIVER, RESERVED FOREST ...... 10 0 10 20 ~ "' ...R ~"" :"" 10~ 010 20 \, ' ( .. -'~~ny~'.'_ .' \. ~ REGIONAL DIVISIONS ...... , ~ ~* 2 . I . 2·2 K ml ~' .7 ' j ':""; . ~ ' ''\ MACRO ...... 1 • • 1 ' r~~~~" L_.I_I. _ ,.= i--... . '7' 2:' ':Y ... - }< MESO ...... " I I (Read the srquencf of r rgi onal divisions .... ':, . \ c;:--- V\ :r-- ~ , .:. . ' '', ,,,,, ,I'-'l- f" ~,, 1--:f, 1_ r , .. ~' I MICRO ...... LI LI ___ with rrfrrrnce to the all India map codrs 't.,·' >7'1 ?::o:',.., ' . .I l7 up to 3tirr) SUB-MICRO WITH BOUNDARY L_ .. . D 7~cH R E P TS -P S AN N E H~~ o SIWALIK D 7J CH A E PT5-0IfTHf MTS Q ALLUV IUM DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS RUPNAGAR 08 PUNJAB District Name Census. Location Code No. Staf. 2 Sl. District Region No. of No. of Area in Km ot the Population of the region No. NO.and villages towns region (1981) Name in each in the region region Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban as evolved 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1. Rup- 2.1.2.1 291 4 632.50 586.19 46.31 243,594 173.945 69,649 nagar Upper (146 Anand Naya Satluj Pur Sahib Nanqal Basin Tahsil) NAC. (t45 Rup- Nangal nagar Town-Ship Tahsil) NAC. Anand Pur Sahib M.C. Rupnagar MC 2. 2.1.2.2. 119 501.83 501.83 68,179 68,179 Rupnagar (92 Anand Pur Siwalik Sahib Tahsil) (17 Rupnagar Tahsil) (10 Kharar Tahsil) 3. 2.1.2.3. 509 5 1032.52 1001.52 31.00 404,889 319,900 84,989 Kharar (225 Rupna- Chamkaur Plain gar Tahsil) Sahib NAC (284 Kharar Kurali M C Tahsil) Morinda M.C Kharar M.C. S.A S. Nagar Mohall C.T 95 REGION-WISE VILLAGE CODES, 1981 PUNJAB District Name RUPNAGAR Census Location Code No. 08 State _ SI. Division Tahsil Location Code Total Total Area No. Number & No. of Census No. of No. of of Name villages as villages Villages Regio- REMARKS per 1981 of Tahsil nal and towns division in division In. Km 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1, 2.1.2.1. Anand- 1-36, 39-41, 146 Villages 291 632,50 Code No. 37 38,42-60, Upper pur 61,62,69, Villages 63-68, 70-80, 96, 100, Satluj Sahib 81-95,97-99, +4 Towns 101,1.30-135,138-144, Plain Tahsil 102-129, 136, 148-161, 167, 168, 137,145-147, 170-176 202-210 162-166, 169, are in nivn. No 2.1.2.2. 177-201,211- 232. Rup- 1-50,56-73, 145 Villages Code No. 169 IS merged nagar 170,174-185, in Rupnagar M C Tahsil 188-191,202, Code No 51-55, 74! 77, 208-233, 240- 79-85,87-89 are In Divn. 269, 275, 387, No. 21 22 Code No 75, 388. 76,78,86.90·168, 171- 173,186,187,192-201, 203·207,234-239,270- 274,276-386 are In Divn. No. 2.12.3. 2. 21.2.2. An.and- 37, 38, 42-60, 92 Villages 119 501.83 Code No 39,40.41,61, Rup- pur 63-68, 70-80, Villages 62,69,81-95.97-99. nagar Sahib 96, 100, 101, 102-129, 136, 137 145- Siwalik Tahsil 130-135,138- 147,162·166,169.177_ 144, 148-161, 201.211-232 are in Divn. 167, 168, 170- No. 2.1 2.1 176,202-210, 233-238. Rup- 51-55,74,77 17 Villages Code No 56-73 &fa in nagar 79-85,87-89. Divn. No 2 1 2 1 Tahsil Code No 75, 76, 78, 86 are in Dlvn Nv 2.1.2.3. Kharar 66,68,81, 10 Villages Code No 67,69-80,83- Tahsil 82, 115-120. 114 are in Divn. No. 2.1.2.3. 3. 2.1.2.3. Rup- 75,76,78, 225 Villages 509 103252 Code No 169,is merged in Kharar nagar 86.90-168, Villages Rupnagar M.e. Plain Tahsil 171-173,186, + 5 Towns Code No. 77. 79-85. 187.192-201 87-89 are In Divn No. 203-207, 234- 2.1.2.2. 239,270-274. Code No. 170, 174-185, 276-386. 188-191 , 202, 208-233, 240-269, ~75 are in Divn. No. 2.1.2.1. 96 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ---_ .•. _._._-_._- ._---_- .•. Kharar 1-65,67, 69- 284 Villages Code No. 160, 162 are Tahsil 80,83-114. merged in Kharctr M.e 121-159, 161, Code No. 177·179 are 163-176, merged in Gharaun village 180-299. (L. Code No. 176) Code No. 66. 68, 81.82, 115·120 are in Divn No 2.1.2.2. 97 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS RUPNAGAR 08 PUNJAB District Name : ______Census Location Code No. ______State State District Division Name of Geology Soils Physio-Cultural Characteristics name number & Adminis- name trative division 2 3 4 5 6 7 Punjab Rupnagar 2.1.2.1. Anandpur Alluvium Qchrepts- This region forms a narrow strip Upper Sahib Orthents- between the Siwalik in its the upper SatJuj tahsil & and Ochrepts- northern part of Rupnagar district Basin Rupnagar Psamments. and then it takeS a sudden turn to tahsil right side along Dorder of Hoshiarpur district i.e. the course of Satluj river. It is bounded by Ludhlsna dlstllct. Hoshlarpur district and Rupnagar Siwalik in the west, by Himachal Pradesh and Rupnagar Siwalik in the north and east, by Kharar Plain in the south-east and south. This region is comprised of 291 villages (146 villages of Anandpur Sahib tahsil and 145 villages of Rupnagar tahsil) and 4 towns namely Nangal township. Naya Nangal, Anandpur Sahib and Rupnagar The maximum height of 1155 feet above mean sea level is found near village Manakpur (L.C. 15) of Anandpur Sahib tahsil and the lowest height of 257 metres above mean sea level is located near village Dalla (L.e. 259) of Rupnagar tahsil. Being flood plain some of the villages are located in the bed of Satluj river and are un-inhabited. The most prominent Nadi/Choe are Budki Nadi, Siswan Nadi, Chelanwali Khad, Sitlabari·di·Khad, Donala dj·Khad, Dabatwali Khad and Charanganga Nadi. Natural vegetation includes Shisham, Pipal, Neem, Mango, Jamun, Reeds, Sarkanda and 1-2 metres high grass. 98 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 The important roads are namely NH 21. SH 22 and SH 24 pass through this region. The most important railwaylines connecting Nangal with Rupnagar via Anandpur Sahib and Rupnagar with Kurali are found in this region. The solis of this region are Ochrepts-Orthents and Ochrepts Psamments. Agriculture is the major activity of the people of this region and maize, wheat and rice are their principal crops. 2.1.2.2. Anandpur Siwalik Ochrepts This region of Rupnagar Siwalik is Rupnagar Sahib Orthents & scattered into 3 portions. The first Siwalik tahsil, Ochretps part is bounded by Hoshiarpur Rupnagar Psamments. district in the west and; by Upper tahsil & Satluj BaSin in the remaining three Kharar sides. The second part is bounded tahsil. by Upper portion of Satluj Basin in the south and west, by Himachal Pradesh in the north and east. The third pocket of Rupnagar Siwalik is bounded by Upper Satluj Basin in the north, by Himachal Pradesh and Haryana in the east; by U.T. of Chandigarh in the south and by Kharar Plain in south-west. The whole region is comprised out 119 villages (92 villages of Anandpur Sahib tahsil, 17 villages of Rupnagar tahsil and 10 lIillages of Kharar tahsil) of Rupnagar district. The maximum height of 1574 metres abolle mean sea level is found near village Rajgiri (L.e. 234) of Anandpur Sahib tahsil and the minimum height of 458 metres abolle mean sea level near village Kansal (L.e. 119) of Kharar tahsil. Being Siwalik reQion the most important choes/khads are Hum Khad, Dabatwali khad, Charanganga Nadi, Siswan nad;, Patial; rao cho and Jainta devi ki rao. Besides these choes, there are open jungles also. 99 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Natural vegetation includes Phulahi, Mango, Kikar and thorny bushes and mixed vegodtation. The soils of this region are coarse sand to sandy.loam (gravelly), According to 'Soil Map of India' published by National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, the soils of this region are Ochrepts-Orthents and Ochrepts Psamments, The development of roads ;s very poor, only Katcha tracks are found in this zone. Agriculture is the main activity while wood cutting is a secondary activity. Agriculture is done on hilly slopes, which mainly depends on rainfall. Wheat and maize are their principal crops. 2.1.2.3. Rupnagar Alluvium Qchrepts This region forms the southern part Kharar tahsil & Orthents ~nd of Rupnagar district and is bounded Plain Kharar Qchrepts by Upper Satluj Basin in the north tahsil Psamments. and Rupnagar Siwalik in the north-west and U.T. Chandigarh in the east; by Patiala and Ludhiana district in the south and west respectively. This region is consisted of 509 villages (225 villages of Rupnagar tahsil and 284 villages of Kharar tahsil and 5 towns namely Chamkaur sahib, Morinda, Kurali, Kharar and S.A,S Nagar (Mohali) of Rupnagar district. The maximum height of 1179 feet above mean sea level is found near village Burana (L.e, 69) of Kharar tahsil and the minimum height of 264 metres above mean sea level is located near village Kandhola (L.e, 281) of Rupnagar tahsil. In the north-eastern part of this region, some of the features of bad land topography are available which 100 2 3 4 5 6 7 are the result of numerous Choes/streams and rest of the part of this region is a plain area. The most important Ch06S /streams are SUQh Rao, Haripur Nata. Budki Khad, Siswan Nadi, Jaintia devi-ki-rao, and Patiali rao. These Choes take place from the Rupnagar Siwalik and pass through this region. In addition to this, there are few canals distributaries namely Sirhind-canal, Bhakra canal, Samrala major, Chamkaur escape, Bhamian minor and Gobindgam distributary. The natural vegetation includes ~ikar, Shisham, Jamun, Neem, Pipat, thomy bushes, Reeds and Sarkanda ate also found alongwith the Nadi/Ch08 beds. The development of roads and railwaylines is remarkable and the most important road is NH 21 connecting Anandpur Sahib with Chandigarh via Rupnagar. Second major road is SH 18 connecting Morinda with Chandigarh via Kharar. The other roads are connecting Kur('1i with Siswan, Kurali with Morinda and Morinda with Chamkaur Sahib. An important railway line connecting Rupnagar with Sirhind via Morinda also passes through this zone. According to 'Soil Map 01 India' published by National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, the soils of this region are Ochrepts-Qrthents and Ochrepts Psamments. Agriculture is the main activity of the people of this region and wheat, maize, rice, sugarcane and mustard are their principal crops. Irrigation ;s done by canals/distributaries. 101 DISTRICT JALANDHAR REGIONAL DIVISIONS Jalandhar district is centrally located in the Pun metal furniture and fixtures ard handtools. general jab state. Geographically, it forms an irregular trian hardware, utencils, cutlery, agricultural Implements, gle which is bounded by Hoshiarpur district in the fans and sewing machines, sports goods, rubber north-east, by Kapurthala district in the north-west and plastics goods, leather products, brass and and by Firozpur and Ludhiana districts in the soutt . chromium fittings, surgical instruments, motor body The Satluj river forms its natural southern boundary, building and electrical machinery apparatus. between Ludhiana and Firozpur districts. This re gion also includes Phagwara tahsil of Kapurthala Jalandhar district is a part of Beas-Sutluj Doab district because of its contiguous location. Accord (2.1.3.) and is sub-divided into three sub-micro ing to one version Jalandhar is said to have derived regions on the basis of soils, topography, climate its name from the vernacular (Jalandhar) i.e. the and natural vegetation. Since Phagwara tahsil of tract lying between two rivers Satluj and Beas. J$apurthala district is contiguous of Jalandhar dis trict, It has been considered as a part of Jalandhar There are 19,04,390 persons residing in this dis district in demarcating the sub-micro regions. trict, of which 1,215,838 are living in 1,375 villages and 688,552 in urban areas. The most prominent 2.1.3.1 Bhogpur-Adampur Plain urban centres are Jalandhar city, Phagwara, Goraya, Nawashahr, Phillaur, Nakodar and The region spreads over northern and Adampur. north-eastern parts of Jalandhar district and is oc cupying the parts of Jalandhar, Phagwara and Jalandhar district lying mainly in the Punjab Nawashahr tahsils. This plain covers 283 villages Plain, is extremely hot in summer and severely cold and 3 towns with an area of 743.49 km2. There are during winter. The maximum temperature shoots up 273,681 persons residing in this region, of which in the month of June and comes down in the 249,988 are in rural area and 23,693 are in 3 towns months of December and January. Besides, the of Bhogpur, Adampur and Alawalpur. According to Satluj and Beas rivers, there are a number of choes soil classification by National Bureau of Soil Survey or hill torrents. The Eastern or White Bein and West and Land Use Planning, the main soils of this region ern or Black Bein also pass through Jalandhar dis are Fluvents-Ochrepts, Ochrept-Orthents-Rock trict. The soils of this district are alluvial. The geo Outcrops-Orthids. The geological structure of the logical structure of the district is consisted of Allu region is consisted of Alluvium. Irrigational facilities vium. All towns of this district are well connected are well developed. Availability of cheap means of both by rail and roads. National Highway No. 1 Le. transport and communications, roads and railways Grand Trunk Road from Deihl to Amritsar and N.H. also lurM the people to invest money in sugar mills, 1 (A) (Jalandhar-Pathankot) pass through the ter sports goods, agricultural implements and other ritory of the district. agro-based industries. The density of population is 368 persons per km2. Agricultural labourers are Jalandhar occupies a place of pride on industrial available easily, mostly belong to scheduled castes. map of the state alongwith Ludhiana. The large and Agriculture being the main activity, wheat, maize, medium sized factories are engaged in multifarious rice, sugarcane, rapeseed, mustard and potato are industrial activities such as fabricated products, the principal crops. 102 2.1.3.2 Jalandhar-Nawashahr Doab Plain ies, potato. rapeseed and mustard are the principal crops. This plain area has the most developed The region extends over the parts of Nakodar, means of transport and communications. JaJandhar, Phillaur, Nawashahr and Phagwara tah sils and cover 652 villages and 9 urban centres 2.1.3.3 Satluj Khadar (including district headquarter's town) with an area of 1,789.10 km2 and is inhabited by 1.268..484 per· sons, of which 648,160 reside in rural and 620.324 The region extends over the pat1s of Nakodar, in urban areas. The most important urban centres Phillaur and Nawashahr tahsirs and forms the ex are Jalandhar, Kartarpur, Goraya, Phagwara and treme southern portion of Jalandhar district. This Nakodar. The density of this region is 706 persons region consists of 440 villages and five towns with 2 per km2. The rapid growth of industrialization can an area of 1,207.04 km . Only 362,225 persons are be seen from the coming up of new industrial units living in this region, of which 317,690 are residing in in this region. Non-Resident Indians have shown rural and 44,535 are in urban areas. The Satluj river keen interests in investing their money in various in flows from east to west direction and separates Ja dustrial units. Jalandhar city is famous for its sports landhar district from Ludhiana, Rupnagar and goods and also manufactures sewing machines, Firozpur districts. The main salls of this region are hosiery goods, plastic goods, cast iron goods. steel Psamments-Fluvents-Aquents and Ochrepts railings and small farm implements. Kartarpur town Psamments. Geologically, it is coming under is known for its furniture items. These are located on Alluvium. The low lying areas are generally flooded National Highway. Other towns namely Phagwara, during rainy season from July to September Goraya and Nawashahr produce a great variety of months. The development of roads is less due to light engineering goods, farm implements. sewing frequents occurrence of floods. Natural vegetation machines, diesel oil engines, motor parts, cycle includes Shlsham, Neem, Mango, Sarkanda and parts. ball bearing. water metres and instruments. Reeds. From industrial point of view, the region is The salls of this plain area are alluvial. The back-ward. Agriculture is the main activity of the geological structure of this region is consisted of people and wheat, maize. rice and sugarcane are Alluvium. Wheat. maize, sugarcane, rice, dry chill- the principal Crops. 103 CfNSli:i OF INDIA MMI'i'l ._ BOUNDARY, DISTRICT PUNJAB 0'" TAHSIL ,,~I VILLAGE HAVING 5,000 DISTRICT JALANDHAR 0 Q't: AND ABOVE POPULATION ,,0 URBAN AREA CENSUS CODE 05 ~ I REGIONAL DIVISIONS NATIONAL HIGHWAY NHI " J' STA TE HIGHWAY - IMPORTANT METALLED ROAD ~ 10 0 10 20 30 40 (- RAILWAY liNE WITH STATION, BROAD b- hi: t-- 1-\--j GAUGE KILOMET RES -9 RlVERj STREAM REGIONAL DIVISIONS 2 I 3 • *' ,. ~ MACRO. ,_' dl~ 1 , I I MESO I I MICRO. 'l.-f- SUB-MICROWITH BOUNDARY .1 __ ... _ •• _ [Rlad thl ItqulnCl ot rl910nol divisions with rl/mnel to thl all India map cadI! up to J titr I Iy NOTE, Phoqworo Tahsil at Kopurtholo District considtrtd within Jolandhar District tor Micro Rlqlon o $ 1\ ~ ~ ~ (,\ t1 ~ '0 C. 1J Q o I S 't Iy (' 't o ? N A A o \1 , T ~ GEOLOGY SOILS \ BHOGPUR - ADAMPUR PLAIN ...... 2 I 3 I l\ JALANOHAR· NAWASHAHR DOASA PLAIN. H 3.2 ...,/. -_J " I~ ,',.I' , '\'11 L..-_"I SATLUJ KHADAR. .... , .. """,,, ... 213.3 .',) - _,,"I ,... r ,,- - -\ ... ,,":"" --_ - .. _-_ -_:-_\ \~ )' "',- -- ..._ J ·U;,'''''·'~'·'~·'·1 i~, It" .....,...... - ... ~ .. ~ \1' J ~'''' I) rn±I" PIj""II·r\U,tNlHDur", ~ WAlLU~IUM G.::±J~ 'LunHU·OCH_"ts 0" OtHAfn5-f!~AMMrNT'1 0" O'HJll~l~~O"'HtNI~'D{K oorW)"H~!"D~ OATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS JALANOHAR 05 PUNJAB District Name ______Censu~ Location Code No. _____jJState ______ 2 SI. District Region No. of No. of Area in Km of the Population of the region No. No. and villages in towns region (1981 ) Name each region in the as evolved regior, Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban 2 3 4 5 6 7 e 9 10 1 1 1. Jalan· 2.1.3.1. 283 3 74349 736.77 6.72 273.681 249.988 23.693 dhar Bhogpur (169 Jalan Bhogpur NAC. Adampul dhar Tansil) Alawalpur M.C. Plain (69 Phag- Adampur M.C. wara Tahsil)* (45 Nawashahr Tahsil) 2. 2.13.2 652 9 1789 10 1649.24 139.86 1.268.484 648,160 620,324 Jalan (236 jalandhar Kartarpur M C. dhar Tahsil) Jalandhar City Nawa· (45 Phagwara M. Corp. shahr Tahsil)'" Jalandhar Cantt. Doaba (127 Nawashahr C.B. Plain Tahsil) Nakodar M.C. (115 Phillaur Nurmahal M.e Tahsil) Goraya NAC. (129 Nakodar Banga M.e. Tahsil) Nawashahr M.C. Phagwara M.C. 3. 2.1.3.3. 440 5 1207.04 1197.04 10.00 362.225' 317.690 44.535 Satluj (119 Nawa Lohian NAC. Khadar shahr Tahsil) Malsian NAC. (124 Phillaur Phillaur M.C. Tahsil) Shahkot NAC. (197 Nakodar Rahon M.C. Tahsil) *Phagwara Tahsil of Kapurthala, district 107 REGION-WISE VILLAGE CODES, 1981 JALANOHAR 05 PUNJAB District Name Census Location Code No. State Sl. Division Tahsil Location Total No. Total Area REMARKS No. Number & Code No. of of Vil- No. of of Name Census lages Villages Regio· villages as of Tahsil and Towns nal per 1981 in Division 2 division in krn 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. 2.1.3.1. Jalan- , -29, 32-94, 169 283 743.49 Code No 146,147,150, villages Villages 269 are merged in Bhogpur· dhar 110.127-133 t 3 Towns Jalandhar M. Corp. Adampur Tahsil 276-332,348, Code No. 30 & 31 are Plain 349,351-360 merged in Nurmahal M.C Code No. 95-109,111- 126. 134-145, 14~, 149, 151-268.270-275,333- 347.350 are in Divn. No. 21.3.2 Phagwara 1-40, 43-45, 69 Code No 41, 42, 46-48, Tahsil· 49.50.56- Villages 51-55,71-84, are in 70.85-93. Dlvn. No. 2.1.3.2 Nawashah 1-3. 32-34, 45 Code No. 4-31,35.49- Tahsil 36-48, 70-84, Villages 69,85,86,92-103 are in 87-91,104-109. Divn. No. 21.3.2.- 2. 2.1.3.2. Jalan- 95-109, 111- 236 652 1789.10 Code No. 146, 147, 150, Jalandhar dhar 126,134-145, Villages Villages 269, 364-368 are merged Nawashahr Tahsil 148, 149, 151- + 9 Towns in Jalandhar M. Corp Doaba 268. 270-275, Code No. 110, 127-133, Plain 333-347. 350, 276-332, 348, 349, 361-363, 369-416 351-360 are in Divn No.2 1 3.1 Phagwara 41, 42, 46-48, 45 Code NO.1 14 is merged in Tahsil· 51-55,71-84. Villages Phagwara M.C.· 94-113, 115. Code No. 43-45. 49. 50, 56-70,85-93 are in Divn. No, 2.1.3.1. Nawashahr 4-31,35, 127 Code No. 32·34, 36-48, Tahsil 49·69,85, Villages 70-84,87·91, 104· 109 86,92-103, are in Divn. No. 2.1.3.1. 110-120, 122- Code No. 121, 144-194, 143, 195·200, 201, 203-241, 246-260 202, 242-245, are in Divn. No. 2.1.3.3 261-279. Phillaur 1-96. 98- 115 Code No. 165 is merged in Tansil 115,229. Villages Phillaur M.C. Code No. 97, 116-164, 166-228 are in Divn. No. 2.1.3.3. Nakodar 86-99, 102-126. 129 Code No. 100, 101, 127, Tahsil 128-211,213- 218. Villages 212 are in Divn. NO.2. 1.3.3. 108 , 1 2 .) 4 5 6 7 8 Code No. 122-143, 3. 2.1.3.3. Nawashahr 121,144-194, 119 440 1207.04 195-200,202,242·245, Satluj Tahsil 201. 203-241, Villages villages Khadar 246-260, 280-291. .. 5 Towns 261-279 are in Divn No. 2.1.3.2. 124 Phillaur 97, , 16-164, Code No. 165 is merged in Tahsil 166.,228, Villages Phillaur M.e. 230-240. Code No. 98-115, 229 are in Divn. No. 2.1.3.2. Nakodar 1-85.100.101. 197 Code No. 86-99. Tahsil 127.212.219-326. Villages 102-126.128-211.213- 218 are in Divn. No. 2.1.3.2 *Phagwara Tahsil of Kapurthala district. 109 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS JALANOHAR District Name ______Census Locatioi Code No.~_5~ __ State ____ P__1I __ N __ J __ ~8 State District Division Name of GeOlogy Soils Physio-Cultural Characteristics name number & Admini- name strative division 2 3 4 5 6 7 Punjab Jalandhar 2.1.3.1. Jalandhar Alluvium Fluvents- This region forms the north and Bhogpur- tahsil. Ochrepts and north-east Part of Jalandhar district. Adampur Nawashahr Ochrepts-Orthent- Phagwara tahsil of Kapurthala Plain tahsil &. Rock Outcrops- district has been considered as a Phagwara Orthids part of Jalandhar district for tahsil demarcating the micro regions being a contiguous area. This region is bounded by Jalandhar-Nawashahr Doab Plain in the west and south. by Kapurthala district in the north-west. by Hoshiarpur district in the north and north-east. It is comprised of 283 villages (169 villages of Jalandhar tahsil. 45 villages of Nawashahr tahsil and 69 villages of Phagwara tahsil) and 3 towns namely 8hogpur, Alawalpur and Adampur of Jalandhar district. The maximum height of 255 metres above mean sea level is found near village Dhabuli (L. C. 44) of Jalandhar tahsi:, whereas the minimum height of 249 metres above mean sea level is located near village Fatehpur (LC. 326) of Jatandhar tahsil. The important choes are namely Raunala, East or White Bein, Kingriwala Choe. Kail Nala and Choe Naja. Besides this. the major canal/distribut.s are Kartarpur minor. Jandu Singha disty. Adampur disty. Sist Doab Canal and Jalandhar disty There ,are swamp areas near village Patiat (L.C 16) of Ja4andhar tahsil. Natural vegetation includes Kikar, Mango, N98m. Jamun. Sarkanda and 110 2 3 4 5 6 7 Reeds are also found alongwith the beds of Nalas/Choes A few pockets of open scrubS are also found in this region This region is highly developed in respect of roads and railway lines, The most important roads are Jalandhar to Mukerian via Bhogpur, Jalandhar to Hoshiarpur via Adarnpur, KartarpUf to Adampur Via Alawalpur, Phagwara to Hoshiarpur and Bhogpur to Adampur The railway lines coming from Jalandhar to Mukelian and Jalandhar to Hoshi,:upur are found in this region, Five sandy loam to silty-clay-loam and sandy loam to sandy-clay-loam are found According to 'Soil Map of India' published by National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, the soils of this region are Ochrept5·0rlhents-Rock Out- crops·Orthids and Fluvents- Ochrepts. Agriculture is the main activity and industries have also come up Wheat, maize, flce, sugarcane etc, are their irnpor1ant crops Irrigation is alse done by tubewells and canals 2,1,3.2, Jalandhar Alluvium Psamments This region IS bounded by jalandhar- tahsil, Fluvents, Bhogpur·Adampur Plain In the Nawashahr Phillaur Orthlds· north, by Satluj Khadar in the south. Doab Plain tahsil, Fluvents, by Hoshiarpur district in the east and Nawashahr Ochrepts & Kapurthala district in the west. It is tahsIl Ochrepts comprised of 652 villages (236 Nakodar Orthents villages of Jalandhar tahsil, 115 tahsil &: Rock-Out villages of Phjllaur tahsil, 127 Phagwara crops villages of Nawashahr tahsil, , 29 tahsil Orthlds. villages of Nakodar tahsil, 45 villages of Phagwara tahSil) and 9 towns The maximum height Of 263 metres above mean sea level is found near Nawashahr town of Nawashahr tahsil and the lowest height of 221 metres 111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 above mean sea I8vet neat village Malia (Le. 90) of Nakodar tahsil. The nadi passes through this region is East of \Maile 8ein. But in this zone is very much ~ from canaJ/distributartes point of view. The most important are Banga disty, Phagwara minor, Mukandpur disty. Apra d.s1y, Garaya dis1y. Aurka minor, Sarih disty, Jalandh8f disty, Jandu Singha disty and Kapurthala minor. Natural vegetation includes Pipal, Shisham, Neem, Mango, Jamun etc. The development of roads and railwaylines is highly remarkable. The major road pas~ng through this region is N. HJ coming from ludhfana. The other important roads are Urmar Tanda to Sidhwan Khas via Nakedar town, Sultanpur to Phillaur via Nakedar and Nurmahai, Jaiandhar to Kapurthala town, Jalandhar to NurmahaJ, Jalandha, to Hoshiarpur and Jalandhar to Balachaur etc. The important railway lines are connecting Kapurttlala with Bangs town via Jalandhar to Phagwar!l towns, ludhiana with Am,i!sa, via Ja'andha, city SuJtanpur wtth Jalandhar city and Jalandhar with Hoshiarpur town. According to 'Soil Map of India' published by Nationat Bureau of Soil Survey and land Use Planning. the soi.s of this region are Psamments Auvent..()rthids, Auvents ()chrepts and Ochrepts-Orthents-Rock Out crops-Orthids. Agriculture is the main activity of the people of this region and.the soils are very fertile. The maior crops are wheat, maize, riCl!. sugarcane and mustatd Irrigation is done bY tubeweI's and canals/cfiaaibutaries. 112 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2.1.3.3. PhiUaur Alluvium Psamments- This region forms the southern Satluj tahsil, Auvents- portion of Jaiandhar district. This Khadar Nawashahr Aquents- region is bounded by tahsil & and ()chrepts- Jalandhar-Nawashah( Ooab Plain Nakodar Psamrnents. in the north, by Hoshiarpur district In tahsil. the east. bV Arozpur and ludhiana districts in the south and by Kapurthala district in the west. Tbis zone is comprised of 440 villages (124 villages of Phillaur tahsil, 119 villages of Nawashahr tahsil and 197 villages of Nakodar tahsil) and 5 towns namely Lohian, Malsian, Shahkot. Phillaur and Rahon of Jalandhar district The maximum height of 252 mecres above mean sea level is found near village Mala Badian (l.e. 252} of Nawashahr tahsil and the minimum height of 215 metres near village Manak (L.e. 9) of Nakodar tahsil. Being Khadar area, the major (iver is Sat'uj and the other is White or East Bein. The important canals/ distributaries are Bist Doab Canal, lohara distributary, Phillaur disty and Taiwan minor. In this flood plain some of the villages arB located in the river bed. Natural vegetation includes Shisham, Kikilr, Phu/ahi, Reeds, Sari The development of roads and railway lines is reasonably good. The most important road is N.H.' coming from ludhiana and reaches at Jalandhar city via Phagwara. The other roads are Sidhwan Khas to Nakodar, Taiwan to Nurmahal, Nurmahal to Rahon via Phillaur and Bodiwala to Malsian. The railway line ooming from Sultanpur to Phillaur via Nakodar is most important. 113 2 3 4 5 6 7 -- --~------_ According to 'Soil Map 01 India' published by National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, the soils of this region are Psamments-Flullents-Aquents and Ochrepts-Orthents-Rock Outcrops-Orthlds. Agriculture is the main occupation of the people and wheat, rice and maize are tMir principal crops. Irrigation is also done by canals/ distributaries 114 DISTRICT KAPURTHALA REGIONAL DIVISIONS Kapurthala district lies in the Sist Doab, a tract and Sultanpur Lodhi tahsils. It cover 429 villages between the rivers Beas and Satluj. It is the smallest and 6 urban centres with an area of 934.05 km2 district and is split up into two parts with one of its This flood plain is Inhabited by 236.211 persons. of three tahsils viz, Phagwara situated some 32 kilo which 199,054 are in rural and 37.157 are in urban metres away, with Jalandhar district falling in be areas. Sultanpur. Dhilwan. Begowal and Bhulath are tween. Phagwara tahsil of Kapurthala district has. important urban centres. The density of population been considered as a part of Jalandhar district for comes to 253 persons per km2. Beas river flows demarcating the sub-micro regions. This district from north-east to south-west direction and it excluding Phagwara tahsil is bounded by Gur merges with Satluj river at the extreme southern daspur and Amritsar districts in the west, by portion of the region. Hoshlarpur in the north, by Jalandhar district in the Being flood plain. the development of roads and east and by Firozpur and Jalandhar districts in the railways is reasonably good. New units of south. Beas river makes the natural boundary in the agro-based industries have come up in the newly west and separates this district from Gurdaspur and formed urban centres. Major activity of the people is Amritsar districts while Satluj river flows in the €x• agriculture. Geologically, it is coming under Allu· treme south of this district. vium and soils are Psamments-Fluvents-Aquents Kapurthala district excluding Phagwara tahsil and Ochrepts-Orthents Rock Outcrops-Orthids. 2 covers an area of 1360.90 km with a population of Natural vegetation includes Shis/7am, Kikar, Mango, 375,433, of which 287,976 are residing in 579 vil Neem, Reeds and Sarkanda. Wheat. maize. rice and lages and 87,457 in urban areas. The most impor sugarcane are the important crops of this region. tant towns are Kapurthala, Sultanpur, Dhilwan and Bhulath. 2.1.3.2 Kapurthala Plain The important industries of this district are The region extends over the parts of Kapurthala rerolling mills, ice factories, a tannery at Kapurthala, and Sultanpur Lodhi tahsils and is occupying 150 a distiJlery at Hamira, and a glass factory at Ka villages and one town (District headquarters). With purthala. In addition to this, a large number of in an area of 39287 krr/, the region is inhabitnd by dustrial units came into existence in the line of steel 139.222 persons. of which 88,922 reside in rural and re-rolling, electric and engineering goods, auto 50,300 in urban areas It is a flat featureless plain mobile spare parts, agricultural implements and area which has a density of 353 persons per knl tools and rubber products. The region has a well developed net work of roads Kapurthala district is a part of Beas-Satluj Doab and railway lines, Kapurthala town has a number of (2.1.3.1) where Phagwara tahsil heas been consider industries engaged in manufacturing of electrical ered within Jalandhar district being contiguous goods, light engineerings goods. machines tools area for demarcating the sub-micro regions. Ka and agricultural implements. The soils are purthale district is sub-divided into two sub-micro Ochrepts-Orthents-Rock Outcrops-Orthids. regions on the basis of soils, topography, climate Geologically, it is coming under Alluvium Mostly and natural vegetation: the people are engaged in agriculture and wheat, 2.1.3.1 Seas Flood Plain maize, grams. rice and sugarcane are the principal The region spread over the parts of Kapurthala crops of this region. 115 NN.------~ .!! 'II ~ z z -I) ( ~ II .J J .r. Q. Il. .. 0 , o ~ .. '".r. o J II .. o ~ ~ 'i J I II Ii. I- .. er ~.. I/i ::l .." II ~ Q. ~ UJ ~ "II I!l :!I .r. c :> 0 ,It ~ u ..: N , < ~ '0 II) II) tv '\ : z ~ , :l ~ :0 N N 'II) (t' o ! ~l ! , ~ ~ -.J 7 o ~ ~ r II) E f' I/i o a:w N f- '( TO NAKOOAR o~ o J 'i o o .( J ,-I >- "t I~ I CJ \ ~J)""I\ O~ I ~ II I ~ J oj! \II~I ~ 0 o ~ •~ .( UJ" '~-J,o/ " IJ.. 0 o 1II 0 :J 1II Z W DATA ON REGIONAL DIVtSlONS District Name __KAP__ U_R_T_HAlA ___ - __ CAtnsus Location Code No. __06______State PU~!J.AB 2 SI. No. District Region No. of villages No. uf Area in Km of the Population of the region No. in each region towns regien as evolved in tne region Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban 1. Kapur 2.1.3.1 429 6 934.05 922.60 11 45 ~36.211 199,054 37,157 thala Beas (247 Kapur Begowal NAt Rood thala Tahsil) Bhulath NAC. Plain (182 Suttanpur Nadala NAC. Lodhi Tahsil) Qhilwan NAC. Ta'wandi Chau drian NAC. Sultanpuf M C 2. 2.1.3.2. 150 392.87 384.87 8.00 139,222 88,92.2 50,300 Kapur- (117 Kapur· Kapurthala thai a thala TahsiJ) M.C. Plain (33 Sultanpur Lodhi Tahsil) 119 REGION-WISE VilLAGE CODES, 1981 KAPURTHALA 06 PUNJAB District Name Census Location Code No. . State $1. Division Tahsil Location Code Total No. of Total No. of Area of REMARKS No. Number & No. of Census villages of villages and Regional Name villages as per Tahsil towns in division 2 1981 divison in Km 1. 2.1.3.1 Kapurthala 1-24,26-67,71-100, 247 Villages 429 Villages 934.05 Code No. 25 merged in Beas Flood Tahsil 102-121,123-142, +6 Towns Begowal NAC. Plain 151-188, 190-256, Code No. 68, 69 & 70 363, 364, 366-368, merged in Bhutath NAC. 370 Code No. 101 merged in Nadala NAC. Code No. 122 merged in Dhilwan NAC. Code No. 143-150, 189, 257-362,365,369 are in OWn. No. 2.1.3.2 Sultanpur 1-112, 117-120. 182 Villages Code No. 113-116. 121-149 Lodhi 250-215 are in Divn. No. 2.1.3.2 Tahsil 2. 2.1.3.2 Kapurthala 143-150, 189, 117 Villages 150 Villages 392.87 Code No. 151-188, 190- Kapurthala Tahsil 257-362, 365, + , Town 256,363,364,366,367, Plain 369 368 are in Divn. No. 2.1.3.1 Sultanpur 113-116. 33 Villages Code NO.1 17-120 are in Lodhi 121-149 Divn. No. 2.1.3.1 Tahsil 120 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO- CULTURAL DETAilS KAPURTHALA 06 PUNJAB District Name : ______Census Location Code No. ___ State: _____ State District Division Name of Geology Soils Physio-Cultural Characteristics name number & admini6- name trative division 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Punjab Kapurthala 2.1.3.1. Kapurthala Alluvium Psamments This region is bounded by Amritsar Beas tahsil and Fluvents and Gurdaspur district in the west Flood Sultanpur Aquents and north-west, by Hoshiarpur Plain Lodhi and Ochrepts district in the north, by Jalandhar tahsil Orthents-Rock district and Kapurthala Plain in the Outcrops east and by Jalandhar and Firozpur Orthids. districts in the south. Beas river flows in south-west direction and SatluJ river in the south flows towards west. This region consisted of 429 villages (247 villages of Kapurthala tahsil and 182 villages of Sultanpur Lodhi tahsil) and 6 towns of Kapurthala district. The maximum height of 235 metres above mean sea level is found near village Dabulian (L.C 90) of Kapurthala tahsil and the lowest height of 213 metres above mean sea level is located lIear village Nabipur (L.C. 73) of Sultanpur Lodhi tahsil. The other streams of this region are Kalna Bein and west or Black Bein. Being a flood plain many villages are located in the river bed and most of them are uninhabited. Natural vegetation includes Shisham, Kikkar, Mango, Neem, Reeds. Sarkanda and 3 metres high grass. Being a very fertile area, the development of roads and railwaylines is obvious. Major road N.H. 1 coming from Amritsar city is passing through this zone and other roads are connecting Talwandi Chaudharian to Sultanpur. Begowal to Kapurthala town via Nadala, Begowal to Kapurthala town via Bhulath town. The railway line connecting Amritsar city with 121 2 3 4 5 6 7 Jalandhar city and another line connecting Sultan pur with Kapurthala and some track of railway line connecting Sultan pur with Lohian tDwn, are also found in this region. Soils are fine sandy-loam to silty-clay-Ioam, According to 'Soil Map of India' published by National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land use Planning, the soils of this region are Psamments- Fluvents-Aquents and Ochrepts-Orthents-Rock Outcrops-Orthids. Agriculture is the main occupation of the people of this zone and wheat. maize, rice and sugarcane are their principal crops, 2,1.3.2. Kapurthala Alluvium Psamments This region is surrounded by Seas Kapurthala tahsil and Aquents & Flood Plain in the west and Plain Sultanpur Ochrepts north-west, by Jalandhar district in Lodhi Orthents-Rock the north-east and south. This zone tahsil Outcrops is consisted of 150 villages (117 Orthids, villages of Kapurthala tahsil and 33 villages of Sultanpur Lodhi tahsil) and one town of Kapurthala district. The maximum height of 232 metres above mean sea level is found near village Doburji (L.e, 276) of Kapurthala tahsil and the minimum height 214 metres above mean sea level near village Amarjit Pur (L.e. 114) of Sultanpur.Lodhi tahsil. This region is served by Kapurthala disty, Kotly minor, Sial minor and Kalupur minor for irrigation purposes. Development of roads and railway lines is remarkable. Major roads are Lohian to Kapurthala town, Kapurthala to Kartarpur, Kapurthala to Bhulath and Kapurthala to Jalandhar city. Railway line coming from Lohian to Jalandhar city via 122 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Kapurthala also passes through this region. Natural I.egetation includes Kikar, Mango, Neem, Jamun and PipaJ. Soils are coarse-loamy-sand and sandy-loam to sandy-clay-loam (Alluvial Soils) According to 'Soil Map of India' published by National Bureau of Soil survey and Land Use Planning, the soils of this region are Psamments-Fluvents-Aquents and Ochrepts-Orthents-Rock Out-crops Orthids. Agriculture is the major activity of the people of this region and wheat, maize, rice and sugarcan& are their principal crops. 2.1.3.3. Phagwara Alluvium Fluvents See Jalandhar district. This region of Northern tahsil Ochrepts and Phagwara tahsil has been Phagwara Ochrepts considered with Jalandhar district Plain Orthents- being a contiguous area. Rock Outcrops Orthids. 2.1.3.4. Phagwara Alluvium Ochrepts See Jalandhar district. This part of Southern tahsil Orthents- Phagwara tahsil of this region has Phagwara Rock Outcrops bf!en considered with Jalandhar Doaba Orthids district being a contigtJous area. Plain Note: Phagwara tahsil of Kapurthala district has been considered with Jalandhar district being contiguous area. 123 DISTRICT FIROZPUR REGIONAL DIVISIONS Firozpur district occupies the south-west comer Firozpur district is a part of the Punjab Malwa of the Punjab state along the Indo-Pakistan border. Plain (2.1.4 ) and Is sub-divided into following three It is surrounded by Rajasthan in the south, by Lud SUb-micro regions on the basis of soils, topogra hiana and Faridkot districts in the east. On the west, phy, climate and natural-vegetation: an international bOllndary defines its border with Pakistan. Satluj river separates the district from 2.1.4.1 Satluj Khadar Jalandhar and Kapurthala districts in the north. It experiences very hot summers and severe winters. The region spreads over the parts of Zira, The rains in the district are generally received from Firozpur and Fazilka tahsils and occupies 32.69 per June to September while the rains in winter are from cent of the area of Firozpur district. The region cov December to February. ers 646 villages and 2 urban centres with an area of 1,912.94 km2. This sub-micro region is inhabited The district is constituted 3 tahsils, having 1,167 by 409,920 persons of which 357,044 are residing in villages and 9 Urban centres. It has a total area of rural and 52,876 in Urban areas. The density of 2 5,874.0 km with a population of 1,307,804 of which population is 214 persons per km2. Satluj river flows 1,009,733 are residing in rural and 298,071 in urban from east to west direction in the northern portion areas. The density of population of Firozpur district and then it takes a sudden turn to south-west 2 is 223 persons per km . The geological structure of direction. The natural vegetation includes Kikar, the district is consisted of Alluvium. Most of the Shisham, Phulahi, Reeds and Sarkanda. inhabitants of the district continue to depend upon agriculture. Main sources of irrigation are cancrls The main soils of the region are Psam and tube-wells. The agricultural production in this ments-Fluvents-Aquents. The development of district is bound to get a big boost with the help of roads and railway lines is reasonable. The most im dry farming techniques which have been developed portant road is NH 10 which passes through this re and introduced in the areas where irrigation facilities gion. Agriculture is the major activity and wheat, are not available. The main crops grown in the maize, rice, cotton and sugarcane are their principal ~strict include wheat, cotton, paddy, sugarcane, crops. barley, grams, jowar and maize. Among commercial crops, cotton is the most important. Mention may 2.1.4.2 Firozpur Plain particularly be made of tahsil Fazilka which is well-known for the production of cotton. The region extends over the parts of Zira, Firozpur and FaziJka tahsiJs and covers about 48.64 This district has an important stronghold of per cent of the area of Firozpur district. It covers agrobased small and medium sized industrial units. 438 villages and 6 towns with an area of 2,846.30 2 Manufacturing activity in the district relates mainly km . The region Is Inhabited by 657,338 persons, of to cotton ginning, processing and spinning of cot which 498,477 are residing in rural and 158,861 in ton, wires, Dhoop making, handloom weaving and .. urban areas. The important towns of this region are production of snuff, agricultural implements and Firozpur, Talwandi Shai, Guru Har Sahai and Zira. small engineering industrial units. Flour mills are lo The development of roads and railway lines is re cated in some of the important towns of the district. markable and cotton ginning and baling is the major 124 industry. The soils are alluvial and agriculture is the being nearer to Rajasthan desert, contains a num major activity of the people. Wheat, grams and ber of sand dunes which are shifting towards Inner conan are their principal crops. The main soils are side of the district. The major problems of this zone Ochrepts-Psamments and Orthids-Fluvents. The are wind erosion in the southern parts and water region has a major problem of Water logging in the logging in the upper western parts of the region. middle portion of this region. The natural vegetation includes Kikar and Thorny 2.1.4.3 Abohar Sandy Plain bushes. The development of roads and railway lines is satisfactory. Important roads are NH 10 & NH 15 The region spreads over 83 villages and one connecting Abohar Town with other towns of Farld town of Fazilka tahsil. This region has an area of 2 kat district. The main soils of this region are Or 1,092.94 km with a population of 240,546 persons, thids-Fluvents. Agriculture is the main occupation of which 154,212 are living in rural areas and 86,334 and wheat, grams and cotton are the prinCipal in urban areas. The only town is Abohar. This region crops. 125 ,N sus OF INDIA MAP 13 PUNJAB DISTRICT FIROZPUR CENSUS CODE 03 REGIONAL DIVISIONS 10 0 10 10 30 40 bd Z±;;± I"'j KILOMETRES \ BOUNDARY, INTERNATIONAL , to " "f ~UKTSAR STATE. DISTRICT"", , ,J.l TAHSIL...... __ ,__ ._ VILLAGE HAVING 5,000 l ABOVE POPULATION ,/f TO MUKTSAR URBAN AREA NATIONAL HIGHWAY. ~---==NH 10 STATE HIGHWAY SH10 IMPORTANT METALLED ROAD RAILWAY LINE WITH STATION, BROAD GAUGE'" =-+-- RAILWAY LINE WITH STATION, METRE GAUGE Iii! RIVER { CHOE ...... " ~~. RfGIONAL DIVISIONS. 2 U I 1 ~ • t MACRO ...~ SATLUJ KHADAR 2 I 4 I MESO ~ FIROZPUR PLAIN .. 2 I 4 1 MICRO ABOHAR SANDY PlilN 1 I 4 3 "".~- ... -- SUB· MICRO WITH BOUNDARY .. , .... ,' 1..,,"" _____" I Rlad thl "qulnct 01 'Igional divisions with "Imnee to the all India mop eoduup to 3tilr I GEOLOGY SOILS 100 20 10 a 20 Kms l ') r·····/~ C""._2 D310RTHIDHLUVENTS A N mlJ38PSAMMENTHLUVENT. H A [] ALLUVIUM tti±!:J AQUENTS _. __ J 073 OCHREPTS-PSAMMENTS WIIIJI OF IIWIA MAP 21 PUNJAB DISTRICT FIROZPUR CENSUS CODE 03 REGIONAL DIVISIONS 10 a 10 20 30 40 b-±Tt~tska KILOMETRES \ BOUNDARY, INTERNATIONAL ' •. ~I""'_' STATE" , DISTRICT"", ' TAHSIL. VILLAGE HAVING 5,000 I ABOVE POPULATION URBAN AREA , ~ NATIONAL HIGHWAY"""" ,,,,,,,,,,, NH 10 STATE HIGHWAY, , , ," , ," SH 20 IMPORTANT METALLED ROAD" RAILWAY LINE WITH STATION, BROAD GAUGE " RAILWAY LINE WITH STATION, METRE GAUGE RIVER I CHOE" ""'"'''''' , REGIONAL 01 VISIONS,. , " , , 2 I ., I I I I! MACRO , '~ SATLUJ KHADAR 2 I 4 I MESO , ~ FIROZPUR PLAIN "",2 I 4 2 MICRO", , ~_,._ .• _ ASOHAR SANDY PLAIN 2 I 4 3 SUB'MICRO WITH BOUNDARY"" " I.....-"~"_. I Rlad thl "qUlncl at r~lanal dlvi,ianl with r!tcr!nCI (0 thl all Indio map codllUp to 3tilr) GEOLOGY SOILS 100 20 100._..._. 10 Kms -_ 2, I. 4,3 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS FIROZPUR 03 PUNJAB District Name Census Location Code No. State 2 31. District Region No. of No. of towns Area in Km of the region Population of the region. No. NO.and villages in in the region (198' ) Name each region as evolved Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban 1. Firozpur 2.1.4.1 646 2 '~12.94 1906.40 654 409,920 357,044 52,876 Satluj (294 Zira Dharamkot M.C. Khadar Tahsil) Fazllka M.C. (267 Firozpur Tahsil) (85 Fazilka Tahsil) 2. 2.14.2 438 6 2846.30 2789.11 57.19 657,338 498,477 158,861 Firozpur (82 Zira Tahsil) Zira M.C. Plain (211 Firozpur Talwandi Bhai Tahsil) M.e. (145 Fazilka Firozpur M.C. Tahsil) Firozpur Cantt. e.B. Guru Har Sahai M.e. Jalalabad M.C. 3. 2.1.4.3 83 1092.94 107877 14.17 240,546 154,212 86,334 Abohar (83 Fazilka Abohar M.e. Sandy Tahsil) Plain _._- J 129 REG~ON-WISE VILLAGE CODES, 1981 FIROZPUR 03 PUNJAB District Name. .Census Location Code No. State 81. Division Tahsil Location Code Total No. Total No. of Area of REMARKS No. Number & No. of Census of villages villages Regional Name Villages of Tahsil and towns Divison 2 as per 1981 in division In Km 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. 2.1.4.1. Ziia 1-105, 107-143, 294 646 Villages 1Q12.94 Code No. 185 is Merged in Satluj tahsil 168, 202-223, 241-244, Villages +2 Towns Zira M.C. Khadar 246-364. 368, 370. Code No. 106, 144-167. 371,373-375. 169-184, 186-201,224- 240, 245, 365-367 369, 372 are in Divn. No. 2.1.4.1 Firozpur 1-51,72-80, 267 Code No. 52-71,81,82, Tahsil 83, 117-125, Villages 84-116,126, 129-148, 127, 128, 149, 150-162,176,286-288, 163-175,177-285, 296-333,336-358 are in 289-295,334-335, Divn. No. 2.1.4.2 359-421. Fazilka 1-13, 23-30, 85 Code No. 14.,22, 31, Tahsil 32-38, 132- Villages 39-114, 118-131, 143- 142,146-191. 145 are in Divn. 2.1.4.2 and Code No 115-117 are in Divn. No. 2.1.4.3. Code No. 185 is Merged in 2. 2.1.4.2_ Zira 106, 144-167, 82 438 2846.30 Villages Zira M.C. Firozr>ur Tahsil 169-184, 186- Villages Plain 201,224-240, +6 Towns Code No. 107-143, 168, 245, 365-367, 202-223,241-244, 369, 372, 376- 246-364,368,370,371, 377. 373-375 are in Divn. No. 2.1.4.1 72-80,83, 117-125, 127, Firozpur 52-71,81,82, 211 128,149.163-175, Tahsil 84-116, 126, Villages 129-148. 150-162, 177 -285. 289-295, 334- 176, 286-288, 335, 359-421 are in Divn. No.2.1.4.1. 296-333, 336-358, 422-478 Code No. 23-30, Fazilka 14-22,31,39-114, 145 32-38. 132-142. 146- Tahsil 118-131,143-145, Villages 202,203,210.211. 191, are in Ohm. No. 2.1.4: 1 226-239,241-259,. and Code No. '15·117,192-201,204- 269-270, 272-274 209,212-225, 240, 26(} 268, 271 are in Divn. No. 2.1.4.3. 130 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3. 2.1.4.3 FaLilka 115-117, 192- 83 83 1092.94 Code No. 132-142. 146- Abohar Tahsil 201, 204·209, Villages Villages 191 are in Divn. No. + 1 Town Sandy 212-225,240, - 2.1.4.1. and Code No. Plain 260-2C8, 271, 118-13',143-145,202, -- 275-313. 203, 210. 211,226·239, 241·259.269-270, 272-274 are in Divn. No. 21.4.2. 131 'STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHVSIO-CUlTURAl DETAilS FIROZPUR 03 PUNJAB District Name: ______Census Location Code No,~. ______St8te _____ State District Division Name of Geology Soils Physio-Cultural Characteristics name number & adminis- name trative division 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Punjab Firozpur 2.1.4.1. Zira Alluvium Psamments- Satluj Khadar region is bounded by Satluj tahsil, Fluvents- Pakistan International border in the Khadar Firozpur Aquents & west, by Amritsar, Kapurthala and tahsil & Orthids- Jalandhar districts in the north and; Fazilka Fluvents by Ludhiana district in the east and; tahsil by Firozpur Plain and Abohar Sandy Plain in the south. l'hls regIon IS consisted of 646 villages (294 villages of Zira tahsil, 267 villages of Firozpur tahsil and 85 villages of Fazilka tahsil) and two towns namely Oharamkot and Fazilka of Firozpur district. The maximum height of 221 metres above mean sea level is found near Dhararnkot town of 2ira tahsil and the lowest heIght of 177 metres is located near village Salem Shah (LC 167) of Fazilka tahsil. Being a Khadar region, the most important river is Satluj and it flows towards west direction in the upper part of this region and then it turns towards south-west direction. Some of the villages are located in the river cOurse and these are flooded with water during rainy season. Natural vegetation includes Shisham, PipaJ, Neem, Phulahl, Jamun, Mango, Reeds and Sarkanda. Generally 3 metres high grass is also found alongwith the river course. The important canal of this region Is Firozpur feeder or Rajasthan feeder and other distributaries are Bahadurke. Dandi NaJa and Sukar Nala. 132 2 3 4 5 6 7 Development of roads and railway lines is reasonably good. Important roads are N.H 10 connecting Fazilka with Abohar, Fazilka with Firozpur. Firozpur with Faridkot, Dharamkot with Nakodar and Firozpur with Lahore. The railway line connecting Firozpur with Fazllka and Flrozpur Cantt wIth Lohlan Khas 81 e important The soils of this region are stratified (sand to silty-clay-loam) alluvial and low· humic clay soils 01 Flood Plains (Bet areas) subject to periodic flooding. According to 'Soli Map of Indl;)' published by 'National Bureau' of Soil Survey and Land Use PlalHlIng, tho soils of this region are P~>3rTlrnents-Fluvents-ACjuents and Orthids·Fluvents. Agriculture IS the major activity and wheat. flce, maize and sugarcane arc the Important crops 2.1.4.2. Zira ~lIuvium Ochrepts Firozpur Plain IS bounded by Abohar Firozpur tahsil, Psamments Sandy Plain In the south. by Satluj Plain Firozpur 8. Orthids Khadar in the west and north; by tahsil & Fluvents Fand kat and Ludhlarl1-l districts In Fazilka the east TillS region makes a long tahsil and curvature strip ana is· consisted of 438 villages (82 villages of Zira tahsil, 211 villages of Firozpur tahsil and 145 villages of Fazllka tahsil) and 6 urban centres namely Zira. Talwandl Bhai, FifOZPUl, Flfozpur Cantt, Guru Har Sahai and Jalalabad of Flfozpur district The maximum height of 215 metres above rnean sea level is located neal village Manawnn (LC. 197) of Zira tahsil and the minimum height of 186 metres is found near village SUfi Mohar Wala (L.C. 244) of Fazilka tahsil. Sand deposits are also found near village Lohgarh (L.C. 368). Karyal (L.C. 240). Chaloti (L.C 228) of ZJra 133 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 tahsil and village Chanar (L.C. 476), Loham (L.C. 471), Tut (L.e. 309) of Firozpur tahsil and village Jandwala (L.e. 77). A1iana (L.e. 96) and Paliwala (L.C. 68) of Fazilka tahsil. Natural vegetation includes Pipa/, Shisham, Kikar and other dry vegetation. The main canals passing through this region are Rajasthan feeder, Firozpur feeder the Bikaner (Gang) canal and the Important distributaries are kingwah disty, Phiddo drain. Panjawa disty. Aruiwala disty and Nizamwah disty This region is fully developed in respect ot roads and railway lines. The important roads are N.H. 10 connecting Fazilka with Abohar and N.H. 15 connecting Manj Garh with Malout, S.H. 15 connecting Firozpur with Faridkot, S,H. 18 connecting Firozpur with Moga, S.H. 20 connecting Firozpur with Zira. S.H. 19 connecting Moga with Makhu and S H 16 connecting Moga with Shahkot The main railway hnes are connecting Firozpur with Faridkot, Firozpur with Moga, Firozpur with Fazilka and Firozpur Cantt.. with Lohlan Khas According to 'Soil Map Of India' published by National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, its soils are Ochrepts-Psamments and Orthids-Fluvents. Agriculture is the major activity and wheat, maize. sugarcane, cotton and mustard are the major crops. 2.1 .•. 3. Fullka Alluvium Orthida Abohar Sandy Plain is bounded bv a Abohar tahsil F1uvents. small portion of Ratasthan State and Sandy Pakistan border in the west. by Plain. Satluj Khadar and Firozpur Plain in the north. by Firozpur Plain regiOn 134 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 and Fandkot district .n the e.at and by Raja5than State In the south, This region is consisted of 83 "Iliage. of Fazllka tahsil and Abohar town of Firozpur district The maximum height of 196 metre. abo"e mean sea levol i. found n.ar Abohar town and the minimum height of 180 metre. above mean sea I.vel is located near village Karnl Khera (LC 196) of Fazilka tahsil. Sand dunes are available en the north·east portIon ot this region near village Korian wali (LC 2(4), Rampura (tC 202), Sabuana (L,C 213), and ShahtH wala (L C 217), and Ra'pura (L.C 260) of FBzllka tahSIl' ThiS whole lone 1$ covered with sann Natur al vegetation Includes KJkar and thorny bushes and othel dry vegetation The most Important canal passino through thiS region '5 Blkaner (Gang) cunal, The other distrlbutltrtes are Khtn Khar. d,sty, Kuloram Mmol and PUnl3wa dilty etc The development of roads and railway lines is satisfactory The important roads are N,H 10 connecting Fazilka with Abohar and N H 15 connecting MauJOath with Abohar Other roads are conneClmg Fazilka with Malout. Abohar With Malout, Abohar with Sadul and Abohar With Modi Khera Sand or coal tJ,8 loamy sand (Rego-aoils) and &andy 108m to sandy-clay-108m (Alluvial soils) are found In this regIon According to 'Soil Map of India publish.d by National aureau of Soil SutveV and Land Use P1anning, the lOil. of this region .,e Ortnida-Fluv.nts Agriculture 16 the major activity of the peep'. and wheat, gram", Jawa,. balra, conon and muaWd .teed. ale thetr prindpaJ cropa. 135 DISTRICT LUDHIANA ,REGIONAL DIVISIONS Ludhiana popularly known as Manchester of In Ludhiana district resembles in climate to that of dia. is one of the centrally located districts of Punjab Punjab plains i.e. extremely hot in summer and state. This district is surrounded by Jalandhar dis severely cold in winter. The maximum temperature trict in the north, by Rupnagar district in the east, by shoots up in the months of May and June and Firozpur and Faridkot districts in the west and by comes down to the lowest point in the months at Patiala and Sangrur districts in the south. The Satluj December and January. Monsoon rains are more river provides a natural boundary from north side. important for Kharif crops during June t~ Septem separating it from Jalandhar district. ber and Winter rains for Rabi crops during mid De cember to February. The main soils of this districts The district is named after Ludhiana city which is are Ochrepts-Psamments andr Fluvents-Ochrepts. the headquarters of the district. Ludhiana is a cor The soils are fertile and wheat, maize, groundnuts, rupted form of Lodhi-ana, meaning the town of cotton and sugarcane are the major crops. Punjab Lodhis. The city was founded in the time of the Agriculture University at Ludhiana has played a Lodhi emperors on the site of a village called Mir magnificent role in the development of modern HOla. in 1481. The founders were Yusaf Khan and techniques to raise agricultural production. Nihang Khan Lodhi, army generals who had been sent to this side by the emperor Sikandarkhan to re Ludhiana district being in the centre of Punjab store peace and order in the area which was being and situated on the Grand Trunk Road and the main troubled by the Baluachis. Yusaf Khan crossed the railway line, it gradually developed into a main in river north-ward and settled at Sultanpur. Nihang dustrial and commercial town of the state. Bicycles, Khan settled at Mir Hota and gave the place the sewing machines, agricultural implements, auto cy name of Ludhiana or the town of Lodhis. cles, engineering goods and hosiery and textile in dustries are important industrial units. Ludhiana district is comprised of 4 tahsils (Jagraon, Ludhiana, Khanna and Samrala). having Ludhiana district is a part of the Punjab Malw3 985 villages and 10 urban centres. The total area of Plain (2.1.4 ) and is sub-divided into follow~'1g three the district is 3857.0 km2. The total population of sub-micro regions on the basis of soils, topogra Ludhiana district is 1,818,912, of which 1,054,772 phy, climate and natural vegetation. are residing in rural and 764,140 in urban areas. The density of population comes to 472 persons per 2.1.4.1 Satluj Khadar km2. The decennial population growth (1971--81) is + 28.09 as against + 23.89 of the Punjab State. The region spreads over the parts of Jagraon, Similarly, this district has also improved in the case Ludhiana and Samrala tahsils which forms the of literacy rate. Main workers are 30.39 per cent, northern portion of Ludhiana district. The region in while 1.33 per cent are marginal workers. Among cludes 302 villages with an area of 819.83 km2 hav main workers 26.27 per cent are cultivators, 17.57 ing 151,289 inhabitants. It is an entirely rural Zone. per cent are agricultural labourers. 3.71 per cent The density of population is 185 persons per km2. engaged in household industries. There are 458,012 Being Khadar area Satluj river flows from east to persons belonging to scheduled castes, of which west direction and most of the villages are flooded 246 ,671 are males and 211,341 are females. Most during rainy season i.e. fr:om July to September of the agricultural labourers come from scheduled months. The natural vegetation includes Shisham, castes. Neem, Kikar, Phulahi and Reeds and 3 metre high 136 grass is found alongwith river course. There is a and S.H. 18. The Punjab Agriculture University is Mattiwara pocket of reserved forests near Mattiwara also set up at Ludhiana besides the engineering village of Ludhiana tahsil. The geological structure college and medical colleges. The most important of this region is consisted of Alluvium and main soils industries like hosiery goods. woollen mills, cotton are Psamments-Fluvents-Aquents and Ochrepts ginning and baling. light engineering goods Psamments. This region has few roads and railway inclusive of agricultural implements and machine lines. N.H. 1 also passes through the region. toolS, sewing machn .e, bicycles and auto-cycles Agriculture is the Major activity and wheat, rice, and silk textiles. Soils are most fertile. Agriculture is sugarcane and potatoes are the principal crops. the major activity. Irrigational facilities like canals The region is industrially backward. and tubewells are also available. Wheat, grams. sugarcane and ground nuts are the principal crops. 2.1.4.2 Western Ludhiana Plain 2.1.4.3 Eastern Ludhiana Plain The region extends over the parts of Jagraon and Ludhiana tahsils. It is featureless flat plain and lies in The region spreads over the parts of Ludhiana, the western portion of Ludhiana district. It cover Khanna and Samrala tahsils and It forms the eastern 260 villages and 5 towns (including district head portion of Ludhiana district. It occupies 423 villages 2 quarters) with an area of 1,574.32 km . The whole and 5 towns with an area of 1,388.55 km2. The re region is inhabited by 1,137,835 persons, of which gion is inhabited by 529. 78~ persons. of which 460,731 are residing in rural and 677,104 in urban 442,752 are residing in rural and 87,036 In urban ar areas. Most important towns are Ludhiana, Raikot eas. The density of the region is 382 persons per 2 and Jagraon. This region has the hi~hest density of km . The important urban centres are Khanna. population Le. 723 persons per km . Ludhiana city Samrala and Doraha. The main soils are has been known as Manchester of Punjab from in Ochrepts-Psamments and are most fertile from dustrial point of view. Ludhiana produces cycles agriculture point of view. Natural vegetation in and sewing machines not only for internal market cludes Shisham, Pipa/, Neem, Janwn, Mango and but also for foreign markets. Hosiery industry of dry bushes. The region has we" developed net work Ludhiana is famous in international markets. The of roads and railway lines. The important roads are natural vegetation includes Mango, Jamun, Kikar, N.H. 1, S.H. 11 and 13. Khanna and Ooraha are Neem and other miscellaneous trees. The main soils the most important Foodgrain Mandies of Punjab are Ochrepts-Psamments. The geological structure State. Agro-based industries have been set up in of the region is consisted of Alluvium. The region is the region. Agriculture is the main activity and highly developed in respect of roads and railway wheat, maize, sugarcane, potatoes and ground nuts lines. Important roads are N.H. 1, S.H. 11, S.H. 13, are the Important crops. 137 MAP " • -----_.'_.. _-_ ... _-_. __ . _.------__ ... _------_._------.------ PUNJAB DISTRICT LUDHIANA CENSUS CODE 04 REGIONAL DIVISIONS 10 0 10 20 30 40 KILOMETRES " ":0 ~ 0 t t ~ il 1 J1 ~ 1 £ 0 ; J A LAN H A R t l> 2·1·4'1 \~, I ".""." J~"'': :...... /...... j/' ! i f- TO MORINDA 1\ 0 » 1/1 H 1) K (\... Dhomot ~ . \, \ ) o « I .J r- \. 9 \, II III oJ '( l l o ~ I C A II. N G BOUNDARY, DISTRICT .... " TAHSIL " .", .. VILLAGE HAVING 5.000' ABOVE POPULATION • URBAN AREA ~ NATIONAL HIGHWAY . NH I STATE HIGHWAY. . . • . . • ...... SH II IMPORTANT METALLED ROAD .. RAILWAY LINE WITH STATION, BROAD GAUGE ;:w:.L GEOLOGY SOILS RIVER /CHOE, RESERVED FOREST '~\l;;i;:'~- RF REGIONAL DIVISIONS, , , . . . , . 2, I 4.2' lOa 1010 I~ ~ I~ l~ MACRO ..•.. , ...... LL..I.... u...LJ , I I ,,, ,., MESO , .-.,....:-- MICRO, . , . . .. ."-f--- SUB· MICRO WITH BOUNDARY. , . . , ,"'_." .. _- I Rlad thl sequlnel of llgionol divilionl with rlffrlnel to thl all India map (odl! upto3tirT I IUAL1",U' DllOCHAI",-PlINNINT5 SATLUJ KHADAR 21-4·1 ffiHlll '!IIIN!NTHlUV!Nl!.II1J!'T! WESTERN LUDHIANA PLAIN 21-4·2 l DIlOCHAllII'O!lH'N1! EASTERN LueHlANA PLAIN 21403 lUDHIANA 04 PUNJAB District Name Census Location Code No _._~ State 2 SI. District Region No. of No. at Area in Km of the region Population of the region No. N('I.and villages in towns (1981 ) eac:h region in the Name Total Rural U,ban Total Rwal Urban as evolved region ,. Ludhiana 2.1 4.1 302 81983 819.83 151,289 151,289 Satluj (57 Jagraon Khadar Tahsil) (160 Ludhlana Tahsil) (85 Samrala Tahsil) 2 2 14.2 260 5 157432 1450 11 12421 1,137,835 460,73.1 677,104 Western (132 Jagraon Jagraon Ludhiana Tahsil) MC Plain (128 Ludhl" Hathur ana Tahsil) NAC Raiko! MC Mullanpur Dakha N.A C Ludh,ana M Corp 3 2143 423 5 1388 55 135489 3366 t>29,788 1442,752 87,036 Eastern (92 Ludh.ana Samrala Ludhlana TahSil) Me Plain (180 Samrala Machh,war, TahSil) NAC (151 Khanna Doraha Tahsil) Me Pays! NAC Khanna M.C 141 REGION"WISE VILLAGE CODES, 1981 LUDHIANA 04 PUNJAB District Name Census Location Code No. State 51. Division Tahsil location Code Total No. Total No. Area of REMARKS No Number & No. of Census of villages of villages Regional Name villages as per 1981 of Tahsil and Division 2 towns in in Km division 1. 2.1.4.1. Jagraon 1·29.73·102 57 302 819.83 Code No. 54 is merged in Satluj Tahsil Villages Villages Village Kaunke Khadar Code No. 30-53 & 55-72 are in OiYn. No. 2.1.4.2 Ludhiana 1-34.38-51. 160 Code No. 35. 36. 73, 74. 77-86, Tahsil 54-56.87-134, Villages 135-138. 140 & 255-258 are 149-204.209. merged in Ludhiana M. Corp. Code No. 37, 52, 53. 57-72. 211.401 75-76,139, 141-145,239,240, 253.254.259-267.270-340 & 348-364 are in Diyn. No. 2.1.4.2 Code No. 146-148. 205-208. 201.212-238.241-252.268.269, 341-347 & 365-400 are in Divn. No. 2.1.4.3 Samra's 1-78. 110. 85 Code No. 79-109 & 111-259 Tahsil 260-265 Villages are in Divn. No. 2.1.4.3 2. 214.2. Jagraon 30-53,55-72. 132 260 157432 Code No. 54 is merged in Western Tahsil 103-124 126- Villages Villages Village Kaunke ludhiana 144,146-194 + 5 Towns Code No 125 IS merged in Plain Jagraon M.e Code No. 145 is merged in Hathur NAC. L.C. No. 73-102 are in DiYn. No. 2.1.4.1 Ludhiana 37.52.53.57-72. 128 38-51.54-56.87-134, 149-204. Tahsil 75,76.139, Villages 209. 211 and 401 are in DiYn. 141-145.239, No. 2.1.4.1 240, 253. 254, Code No. 146-148,205-208.210. 259-267. 270- 2 12.238.241-252,268, 2ti9 and 340 and 348-364 341-347 are in Oiyn. No. 2.1.4.3 3. 2.1.4.3 Ludhiana 146-148. 205- 92 423 1388.55 Code No. 149-204,209,211 & Eastern Tahsil 208,210,212· Villages Villages 401 are in Diyn. No. 2.1.4.1 Ludhiana 238,241-252. t 5 Towns Code No. 239. 240, 253, 254. Plain 268-269. 341- 259·267. 270-340 and 348-364 art} in Divn. No. 2.1.4.2 347 and 365-400. Samrala 79-109. "'-259. 180 COde No. 110 is in Divn. No. 2.1.4.1 Tahsil Villages Khanna 1·50, 52-86. 151 Code No. 51 Is merged in Tahsil 88· ,53 Villages Khanna M.C. and Code No. 87 is merged in Payal NAC. 142 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO- CULTURAL DETAilS District Name __lU_D_H_IA_N_A ____ _ Census Location Code No.~__ . State PUNJAB .---.----~--..... State District Division Name of Geology Soils PhYSlo-Cultur al Characteristics name number & adminis- name trative diviSion 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 Punjab Ludhiana 2.1.4.1. Jagraon Alluvium Psamments· Satluj Khadar regIon IS bounded by Satluj tahsil, Fluvenls- Flrozpur district In the west, by Khadar Ludhiana Aquents & Jalandhar and Hoshlalpur dlstllctS In tahsil & Ochrepts- the north; by Rupnagar diatricl In the Samrala Psamments east and. by Western Ludhiana Plain tahsil and Eastern ludniana Pliin In the south ThiS region IS consIsted of 302 Villages (57 villages of Jagrl.lon tahsil. 160 VIllages of Ludh,ana tahSil and 85 Villages of Samrals tahSil) and Without any urban area of Ludh'tma distoct The IlIa)(nnw'!) height of 248 metres abolle mean :tea level is fOIJOd near vlflage Kaftana Khurd (l C 124) of Ludtl1sna tahsil and the lowest height 01 242 5 metrer. above mean sea lellel IS also located near Village Manewal (L C '!l) 01 Ludhlltoa tahSil Being Khadar region. the most Important rlVor 15 5atlul and it flowl toward£. we"'t Sand depOSits Me ,8.n in this region which IS the result of shifting 01 fiver course. 1 here ar, canals/dlstrlbutlules In thla region Some 01 the!>e are Buddha Nata, Sangatpura dialy. Sldhawan branch ($lfhind ermal). Mian Creelt and Machhlwara drain 'There I~ a pockel of Mat1iwara re"rved fOre$I& ne81 I(ll1age Mattlwara (l C 1181 of Ludhiana tahs,1 Natural vegetatIon joclud6S Kika,. NfHtm. Phulahl. Jamun. Mango. Shlsham. Reeds and $arkanda Bes1des thIS. 3 mellel high gra$5 is alao found along with the rivef bed 143 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 This region is having few roads and railway lines. The majo! roads is N.H.1 which connects Phillaur with Ludhiana and other roads are connecting Dharamkot with Ludhiana, Sidhwan Khas with Jagraon and Ludhiana with Banjara village. Railwayline connecting Jalandhar and Ludhiana is also passing through this region. According to the 'Soil Map of India' published by National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, the soils of this region are Psamme'1ts-Fluvents-Aquents and Ochrepts-Psamments. Agriculture is the major activity and wheat, maize, sugarcane and mustard are the important crops. 2.1.4.2. Jagraon Alluvium Ochrepts Western Ludhiana Plain is bounded Western tahsil Psamments by Faridkot and Firozpur districts in Ludhiana and the east and by Sangrur district in Plain Ludhiana North. by Eastern Ludhiana Plain in tahsil tM east and by Sangrur district in the south This region is cons;sted of 260 villages (132 villages of Jagraon tahsil and 128 villages of Ludhiana tahsil) and 5 urban centres namely Ludhiana, Mullanpur Dakha, Jagraon, Raikot and Hathur of Ludhiana district. The maximum height of 252 metres above mean sea level is found near village Khera (L.C. 352) of Ludhiana tahsil and the minimum height of 230 metres above mean sea level is located near village Bhoraran (L.e. 149) of Jagraon tahsil. Being a plain area height variation is very less. Sand deposits are found in the eastern h8" portion. Prominent sand deposits are located near villages Khara (I:...C. 352). Mujara (L.e. 305) and Karimpur (L.C. 66) of Ludhiana tahsil 144 1 2 3 4 5 . 6 7 The important canals passing through this region are Abohar branch and Bathinda branch (Sirhind canal) and the distributaries are Khanpur d'sty, Talwandl dllty and Raikot disty. Natural vegetation includes Shisham, Pipal, KJkar, NHm. Jamun and Mango. This region is highly developed In respect of roads and railway lines The important roads are N.H 1 connecting Jalandhar with Khanna, S.H 11 connecting Ludhiana with Malerkotla, S H 18 connecting Moga with Ludhiana. SH 13 connecting Barnala with Mullanpul Oakha and other roads connecting Rftikot with Jagraon, Raikot with Ludhlana and Ralkot with Mahal Kalan The railway lines connecting Phillaur with Khanna via Ludhiana, Ludhiana with Moga and Ludhiana with Ahmedgarh are Important The soils of this region are Qchrepts·Psamments. as per 'Soil Map of India' published by National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning Agriculture IS the major occupation of the people and wheat. maize, rice, sugarcane, ground nuts, mustard and potatoes are their principal crops. irrigation is done by tubewells and canals. 2.1.4.3. Ludhiana Alluvium Ochrepts· Eastern Ludhiana Plain il bounded Eastern tahsil Psamments by $atluj Khadar in the north, by ludhiana Khanna Rupnaga, and Patiala district in the Plain tahsil & east, by Patiala and SangrUf di,trlet, Samrala in the south and, by Weltern tahsil ludhlana Plain in the w•• t This region il composed of 423 villages (92 villag.~ of ludhiana tahail, 15' village, of Khanna tahall and 180 145 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 villages of Samrala tahsil) and 5 towns namely, Samrala, Khanna, Paysl, Doraha and Machhiwara of Ludhiana district. The maximum height of 272 metres above mean sea level is found near village Goh (L.C. 33) of Khanna tahsil and lowest height of 252.. metres above mean sea level is located near village Shankar (L.C. 341) of Ludhiana tahSil. The important canals/distributaries are Sirhind canal, Batninda pranch of Sirhind canal and Nilon drain, Kotla minor, Kheri minor and Pail minor. Natural vegetation includes Shisham, Pipal, Neem, Jamun, Mango and dry bushes. This region is highly developed in respect of roads and railway lines. Major roads are NH 1 connecting Ludhiana with Rajpura, SH 18 connecting Ludhiana with Morinda, SH 1 1 connecting Ludhiana with Ahmedgarh. Other roads are connecting Rahon with Khanna, Samrala with Bela and Machhiwara with Kohara are also important. The important railway line connecting Ludhiana With Sirhind via Khanna is also passing through this zone According to 'Soil Map of India' published by National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, the soils of this region are Ochrepts-Psamments. Agriculture is the major activity of the people and wheat, rice, maize, groundnuts, mustard and sugarcane are their ,.,incipal crops. Irrigation is done by canals and tubewells~The region is industrially well developed. 146 DISTRICT PATIALA REGIONAL DIVISIONS Patlala district is one of the famous princely per cent in household Industries and 41.17 per cent States of erstwhile Punjab, forming the are other workers. south-eastern part of Punjab State. It is sur rounded by Ludhlana and Rupnagar districts and Nowadays a large number of factories are Union Territory of Chandigarh In the north, by San coming up in the district. Gobindgarh town is grur district in the west, by Haryana State In the east known as ~Steel town of India". Rajpura town is fa and south. mous for biscuit factory. Banaspatl ghee, cycle in dustries and industrial cables. Patiala and Nabha The district derives its name from the city of Pa towns are known for household industries of fancy tiala which consists of two words (,Pati' and 'Ata') and colourful waistcards and hairtying cards (Na/as 'Pati' means Territory and 'Ala' is the name of its and Parandas) and Juris Sirhind town has been re founder. It was Baba Ala Singh of Malwa region who cently developed as a centre for building truck and laid its foundation in 40s of the ~ 8th century. bus bodies. Paliata district comprises of 5 tahsils (Rajpura, Patiala district is a part of the Punjab Malwa Plain Nabha, Falehgarh Sahib, Patiala and Samana) (21.4.) and forms its extreme eastern Side. This having 13 towns and 1,461 villages. The total area of district is sub-divided into two sub micro regions 2 2 the district is 4584.0 km , of which 4473.7 km is ru on the basis of soils, topography, climate and natu ral and 110.3 km2 is urban. This district is inhabited ral vegetation.·- by 1,568,898 persons, of which 1,104,603 are re siding in rural and 464,295 in urban areas. The most 2.1.4.1 Patiala Plain important urban centres are Patiala city, Rajpura, Nabha, Slrhind, Gobindgarh and Bassi. The region spreads over the northern and north-western and western parts of Patiala district. Patiala district has extreme climate like other occupying the whole tahsils of Nabha and Fato districts in the plains of P.unjab. It is quite hot in hgarh Sahib and a large part of Patiala. RajpLJra ancJ summer and sufficiency cold in winter. There is no Samana tahsil~, which includes 934 villages and 9 perennial river flowing through this district. The urban Centres (including district headquarters). The main seasonal river which traverses this district is region is a flat featureless plain having an area of 2 Ghaggar. Patlala district has a well developed net 2957 86 km and is inhabited by 1.115.680 persons. work of roads and railway lines. Important roads are of which 702,986 are residing in rural and 412,694 in National Highway 1 and N.H. 22 and others are S.H. urban areas. The density of this plain is 377 person~ 2 8, S.H. 9, S.H. 10, S.H. 11 and S.H. 12. per km . The soils are alluvial and most fertile. Tile main soils are Ochrepts-Orthents and The total population of the district is 1,568,898 Ochrepts-Psamments. But there are some pockets (841.916 males and 726,982 females), of which in the western parts of Patiala and Samana tahsils about 29.59 per cent Jive in urban areas. The growth where the surface water dries out in dry weather, of poputation during 1971-81 was 29.55 per cent. leaving a sheet of white powdery material at the The proportion of main workers is 29.90 per cent. earth surface. This alkaline matter affects the soils Among main workers 35.10 per cent are cultivators, fertility adversely and makes the land unfit for culti, 22.45 per cent are agricuttural labourers and 1.28 vation. This patch of land is saki to be water logged 147 popularly known as Kallar or Reh in Punjab. The Samana tahslls. Ghaggar river ftows from geological structure of this region is consisted of north·east to south-west direction. It covers 527 2 Alluvium. The region has a well developed net work villages and 4 towns with an area of 1700.14 km . of roads and railway lines. Numerous industri~s The region is Inhabited by 453,218 persons, of have been set up in the region. The most prominent which 401,617 are residing in rural and 51,601 in ur industrial towns in the region are Patiala, Rajpura, ban areas. Most of the villages are situated"on low Sirhind, Gobindgarh, Bassi and Amloh. Agriculture lying areas and these are subject to flood during is the main activity of the people and wheat, maize, rainy season. The geological structure of this region rice, sugarcane, chillies, potatoes, etc. are their is consisted of Alluvium. The main soils are principal crops. Ustalfs-Fluvents, Aquents-Ochrepts and Ochrepts Orthents. Natural vegetation includes Shisham, 2.1.4.2 Ghaggar Flood Plain Neem, Reeds, Sarkanda and Kikar. Development of roads and railway lines is reasonably satisfactory. The region spreads over the eastern, Agro-based industries are found in small number in south-eastern and southern parts of Patiala district this region. Agriculture is the major activity. Wheat, and covering the parts of Rajpura, Patlala and maize, rice and sugarcane are the prinCipal crops. 148 CENSUS OF INDIA MAP 25 o ( s GEOLOGY ICC ICIC LLJ..J PUNJAB ! •• DISTRICT PATIALA CENSUS CODE 09 REGIONAL DIVISIONS 10 0 10 20 30 40 KILOMETRES bj ALLUVIUM SOI LS ICO IC2C L..J..L..J 1m. BOUNDARY. STATE ...... _ .. _ .. _ .. _ DISTRICT ...... TAHSIL ...... ,.,' .... ,', ...... _ ._ ._._ VILLAGE HAYING 5,000 &ABOYE POPULATION ... , . • URBAN AREA...... "... ~ NATIONAL HIGHWAY ...... _-'--_NH I STATE HIGHWAY ...... , ...... " .. .. . ,. _..;;_SH---,IO_ IM PORTANT METALLED ROAD ...... , .. '" ." ---.r- RAILWAY LINE WITH STATION, BROAD GA UGE ...... - RIVER/CHOE; RESERVED FOREST ...... ~ Af " REGIONAlDIVISIONS .... " " ...... " ...... 2.. , 1. 4,' ,I , I MACRO ...... ,., .. " ...... _ , ~, ~ \ MESO ...... l... I , MiCRO ...... I SUB ' MICRO WITH BOUNDARY ...... " ...... '__ _ [RNd thr srqurncr of rrgional divisions with rrfrrrncr to thr all Ind ia ~ap codu up to 3 tirr I s o PATIALA PLAIN ...... 2 .I.~.I GHAGGAR FLOOD PLAI N.. 2 . I. ( 2 POCKET FOR PATIALA DISTRICT " ...... " ... " .. . DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISION District Name __-P-A-T-lAlA------Census Location Code No. _~" ... ____ State ._P~~_ ------_.. __ . -_--_•...•.. ') 51 District Region No of No of Alu In Krl1" of Populahon Of the regIon No No. and villages towns the region 1981 Name In each In the region as region Total Rural UrlHtr 10lal UIOI\II evolved Patiala 2 1.4 1 934 9 29~)7 86 2860 4:' 9744 1 115,680: 70;.:',9R6 412.694 Patiala (174 RaIPura RaIPura Ptain Tahsil) Me (172 Patlal. Banur Tahsil) Me (51 Samana PatiaJa Tahsil) Me (268 Nabha Sanaur iahsll) Me (269 Fateh· Nabha M C garh·· Amloh Me Sahib Gobmdgart1 Tahsil) Me Snhrnd Me Bassi M.e 4~J.718 401,{J1T ~1,(,()1 2 z , 42 527 4 1 nx') 14 1681 ~l 1~) 11> Ghaggar (255 Raj' Dera BassI Flood pura Tahsil) Ghsgga N A C Plain (186 Patlals Patran N A C iahsll) (86 Saman. Me Samana Tahstl) 151 REGION~WISE. VIlLAGE CODES, 1981 PATIALA 09 PUNJA8 District Name Census Location Code No. State <31 Division Tahsil Location Total No. Total No, Ar~a REMARKS No. Number 8 Code No. of of villages of vil- of Name Census of Tahsil lages and Regio- villages as towns In nat per 1981 division Division . K 2 In m 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2 , 4.1 F1alPura 1-53,56-7A. 174 934 2'J5786 Code No 54. 55 and 79 Patiala Tahsil ao- 1 18, , 20- Villages ; Villages are merged In Ra,Pura Plain 125,137,138, -+ 9 Towns MC Code No. 119is 148, 151, 310- merged In Banur M C 344, 346, 347, Code No 126-136, 351,352.385, 139-147, 149,150, 386. ~94, 395, 152-207,209.211·309, 398·403 345, 348-350, 353·384, 387-393, 396. 397 are in o!Yn No 2 1.4.2 Patiala 1·115.117·127, 172 Code No 116 IS merged In Tahsil 160- 196, 220- Villages Patlafa M C 226, Code No 128- 159. 228.232 197·219. 227, 2~9·231 are In DJvn No 2.1 4.2 Sarnana '·1 " 16-43, 51 Code No 12"5.44, Ta1lS11 45,55.,60, Villages 46-54,61·74.76-80 are 75, f) 1-84 in Dlvn No 2 142 Nabha '-14, 16-26~~ 268 Code No 15 is merged in Tahsil Villages Goblnogarh M C Fatehgartr , -269. 269 ~.ahib Villages Tahsil 2.14,2. RaIPura 126-136.139- 255 527 1700 14 Code No. 208 and 210 are Ghaggar Tahsil 147, 149.150, Vlllages Villages. merged In [)era BaSSI M C. Flood 152-207,209. 4 Towns Code No 137. 138. 148, Plain 211·309, 345 151,310-344,346.347. 348-350.353-384. 351.352.385,386.394, 387-393, 396,397 395,398-403 are III DlYn 404~435. No 2141 ------.------"-"'------152 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ----_._--"'~'.-,,-",.-- .-----,~------.--.... --, .. " ...... _"_._ .-.....,._.. _-_ ....- .. _-,_" ..,----, ._------_... _ Patjala 128-159, 197-219 186 Cooe No 160 H~, Tah~1 227, 229-23' , VIllages 2."0226. 228, ;'32 Ate "I 233-359 01\1" No 2 t .. 1 Samana '2-15,44,46. B6 Cod. No 48 15 merged In Tahsil 47,49-54,61· Villages $.amana M C Code No 74, 76·80,85· 16,43 4~, 5~ 60 r!> 138 B' 84 aUI 111 011,111 No ~' I 4 I 153 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO- CULTURAL DETAILS PUNJAB PATIALA ______09 State----- District Name: Census Location Code No. State District Division Name of Geology Soils Physio-Cultural Characteristics name number & adminls- name trative division 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Punjab Patiala 2.1.4.1. Rajpura Alluvium Ochrepts- Patiala Ptain is bounded by Patia\a tahsil, Orthents and Ludhiana district in the north-we~ Ptain PatlaJa Ochrepts- by Rupnagar district in the north, by tahsil Psamments Ghaggar Flood Plain in the Fatehgarh north-east and south and by Sahib Sangrur district in the west. This tahsil region is consisted of 934 villages Nabha (174 villages of Rajpura tahsil, 172 tahsil & Villages of Patiala tahsil, 268 villages Samana of Nabha tahsil, 269 villages of tahsil Fatehgarh Sahib tahsil and 51 villages of Samana tahsil) and 9 towns namely Banur, Rajpura, Patiala, Sanaur, Nabha, Amloh, Gobindgarh, Sirhind and Bassi of Patiala district. The maximum height of 278 metres above mean sea level is found near village Nadali (L.C. 118) of Rajpura tahsil and the minimum height of 240 metres above mean sea level is located near village Bujrala (l.C. 58) of Samana tahsil. Being a plain area, no major river passes through this region but there are numerous Ch08s/NaJas. The important choes are Patiali Rao, JhambOwali Ch08, Sirhind Choe. There are canals/distributaries also namely Bhakra canal, Banur canal, Ait Khera minor, Allowal distributary, Piani minor, Amloh minor, Sirhind canal (Patiala branch) and Namada disty. There are few pockets of protected forests and 80me of them are BhadIon Bir, Sir Shora, Bir Ooeanja and Bir Mot! Bagh. Besides this, natural vegetation includes PipaI, 154 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Kikar, Mango, Jamun and Toomy bushes. The development of roads and railway lines is remarkable The most important roads are NH 1 connedtng Khanna town with Ambala, SH 12 connecting Bhawanigarh with Patiala, SH 10 connecting Samana with Banur Ilia Patiala. The other roads connecting Malerkotla with Patisla, Kharar with Patiala via Sirhind and Samana with Bhawanigarh are also important. The important railway line connect ludhiana with Ambal.. cantt Ilia Sirhind and Rajpura. The second railway line connects Rajpura with Dhuri Ilia Patlala and Nabha and third railway line connects Morinda with Sirhind According to 'Soil Map of India' published by National Bureau of SoIl Survey and land Use Planning. the soils of this region .... Ochrepts-Orthent. and Ochrepts Psamments. Agriculture is the major activity of peop'e. The major crops are wheat, maize, red chillies, mustard and sugarcane. Irrigation is done by canals/distributaries and tubowells. 2.1.4.2. Rajpura AUuvium UstaIfa. Ghaggar Rood Ptain is bounded by Ghaggar tahsil Fluvents- a portion of Rupnagar district in the Ochrepts, Flood Patials north-west, by Haryana state in the Ochrepts Plain tahsil & north... ast, east and south-east, $amana Orthents and by Sangrur district in the tahsil Aquents south-west and by Patiala Plain in Ochrepts the west. This region is consisted of 527 villages (186 villages of Patiala tahsil, 255 villages of Rajpura tahsil and 86 villages of Samana tahsil) and 4 towns namely Dera Bassi, Samana, Ghagga and Patrao of Patiala district. 155 2 3 4 5 6 7 The maximum height of 256 metres above mean sea level is found near village Marupur (L.C. 352) of Patiala tahsil and the minimum height of 230 metres is located near village Jakhar (L.C. 91) of Samana tahsil Being Aood Plain area, the major river Ghaggar flows from north-east to south-west direction. The other Choes/Nalas are namely Para rivef, Dangri Nadi, Miran pur Choe, Gadr; Nad; and Pagna nadi. Besides, this there are few canals/distributaries namely BhRkra canal. Sarswati drain, Ghuram disty, Jansui disty, Shekhupura disty and Balbehra minor. There are again few pockets of protected forests namely Bir Bhuner hell, Chhat BII, Ganesh and BII Gurdial-pura. Natural vegetation includes Pipal, Jamur., Mango, Sf/isham, Reeds and Sarkanda. The development of roads and railway lines IS reasonably good The major NH 1 and NH 22 are passmg through this region The othel roads are SH B connecting PehoNa with Patlala, SH 10 connectrng Banur with Zirakpur NH 22 connecting Dera Bassi with Ambala Cantt. and NH , connecting Ludhiana with Ambala city The major railway hne connects Rajpura with Ambala Gantt. and the second railway line connects Chandigarh with Ambala cantt. According to 'Soil Map of India' published by natIonal Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, the soils of this region are Ustatfs-Ruvents-Ochrepts- Qrthen ts and Ochrepts-Psamments Agriculture is the major activity and wheat, maize, rice, mustard and sugarcane are principal crops. 156 DISTRICT SANGRUR REGIONAL DIVISIONS Sangrur district is one of the southern districts of cane. More than half of the cultivated land is under the state. It is bounded by Ludhiana and wheat cultivation Sugarcane also accounts for a Faridkot districts in the north, by Bathinda dis substantial portion of the culttvated lanri .. lts cultlva trict in the west, by Patia'a district in the east and by tion is expending fast. due to the sugar mill at Dhuri Haryana in the south. The district is constituted of 4 tahsils (Malerkotla, Sangrur, Barnala and Sunam) Sangrur district is a part of the Punjab Malwa having 14 towns and 717 villages. The totar area of Plain (2.1.4.) and is sub dlvide(i into thwp 2 2 Sangrur district is 5107.0 km . of which 5033.3 km sub-micro regions on tho basis of soils, topogra 2 belongs to rural area and 73.7 km to urban. This phy, climate and natural vegetation. district is inhabited by 1,410,641 persons, of which '.088,609 are residing in rural and 321,641 in urban 2.1.4.1 Western Sangrur Plain areas. The region covers about 34 2 f)er cent of the total The district has climate of the Punjab Plain. The area of Sangrur district and spreads over the parts temperature starts rising in March and it continues of Barnala, Malerkotla and Sangrur tahsils It cov by the end of Juna. Hot winds and dust storms blow ers 177 villages ami 4 towns (includin~] tahsil specially in its southern t~acts. The rainy season Headquarters) with an area of 1677 39 knl Thfl re starts in the beginning of July and continues till the gion is inhabited by 435,958 persons, of which end of September. November and first half of De 353,935 are residin9 in rural and B;),()?:~ ill Urban cember are quite pleasant. Mid-December to areas The density of population is ?60 persons per 2 Mid-February is a period of severe cold km , Sand dune~) are scattered in the region and these are the result of BathincJa Sandy Plain which The soils of this district are Ustalfs-Ochrepts, is very near to this sub micro roglon. The Ustalfs-Fluvents, Aquents-Ochrepts, Psam- geological structure of this r(~gion is consistod of ments-Fluvents-Orthids. Ochrepts-Orthents and AllUVIum The main soils am Octlrepts·PsamrTlonls Ochrepts-Psamments. The geologir~1 structure of Natural vegetation includes KiKar, thorny bushes the district is consisted of Alluvium. The main river Neem and Sarkanda. ThIS plaltl is fully devHloped III flows through this district is Ghaggar and is sea· respect of roads and railway lines Bhadaur, Tap,l, sonal one. Besides Ghaggar river there is one choe Barnala and Dhanaula are urban centres near Sangrur town, Agriculture is the major activity and wheat, rice tJajra, groundnul and cotton are the principal cr(JP::, It is predominantly agricultural district with 77.1 a per cent of its population living in rural areas. There 2.1.4.2 Eastern Sangrur Plain are 443,866 (31.47 per cent) main workers in the district and among these main workers 46.35 per This plain covers the east.ern upper half portion cent are cultivators, 24.64 per cent are agricultural of Sangrur district and extends over the parts of labourers, 2.72 per cent in household industry and Malerkotla, Barnala. Sangrur and Sunarn tahsil~ It 26.28 per cent are other workers. covers nearly 4068 per cent awa of Sanqrur district and includes 395 villag(~s and 6 towns with an arf:lJ 2 The principal crops of the district are wheat, of 1994.53 km The region is Inhabited by 660,649 maize, grams, bajra, groundnut, cotton and sugar- persons, of which 482,911 are residing in rural and 157 177.738 in urban areas. Malerkotla, Dhuri, Sangrur the whole region particulariy in the north-western and Bhawanigarh are important towns. The density parts of this region. Soils are sandy-loam to sRt 2 of population is 331 persons per km . The deve loam. The development of roads and railway lines is lopment of roads and railway lines is remarkable reasonabty satisfactory. Agriculture is the main ac Dhuri town has a sugarmill, cycle and cycle parts tivity of the people and wheat, rice, bajra, groundnut and other agro-based industries. Malerkotla town and cotton are their principal crops. has industrial units producing sewing machines, metal goods and cycle and cycle parts The main 2.1.4.4 Ghaggar Flood Plain soils are Ochrepts-Psamments. Water logging is a major problem in the south-eastern part of this re The region forms the extreme southern part of gion. Agriculture is the major activity. Wheat, bajra, Sangrur district and it covers 61 villages and 2 ground nut and rire are the principal crops of this towns of Sunam tahsil.Ghaggar river flows from east region. to south-west direction. Its area is 488.11 km2 and is inhabited by 106,671 persons of which 93.212 are 2.1.4.3 Southern Sangrur Plain residing in rural and 13,459 in urban areas. Being The region spreads over the parts of Sangrur and flood plain, sand deposits are found along Ghaggar Sunam tahsils and it covers 84 villages and 2 towns. river in the south-western parts of this sub-micro 2 Its area is 743.08 km and is inhabited by 206,972 region. The main soils are Ustalfs-Ochrepts, persons, of which 158,551 are residing in rural and Ustalfs-Fluvents and Aquents-Ochrepts. Natural 48,421 in urban areas. The density of population of vegetation includes Shisham, Kikar, Neem, Reeds this sub-micro region is 279 persons per km2. and SBrkanda Agriculture is the main occupation Sand deposits are found in the north-eastern parts and wheat, bajra, ground nuts and cotton are major and few patches of water bodies are scattered in crops. 158 0( .J "l- 0( \0. e P. 0 I- p ~ 0 ~" ,.II) ~ ( / \Ii ,,N Q I ; cr o III • IV IV (\/ IV Z Z Z ~ - - J ~ 5 (l ~ 0. Q. (! 5 « It J 0. j J (! 0 « a: \9 0 Z ~ Z 0: Z I "V1 ~ill ..J "« ill 1( 0 I :;_·tJ_j ~ ill \1\ ~ / • '-1 J , j I; -'f • ,II , ~ ~ c. i II- ~ CD l 0 ~ 0 " DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS SANGRUR 10 PUNJAB District Name Census Location Code No. State 2 SI. District Region No.of No.of Area in km . of the Population of the region (1981) No. No.and villages towns region Name in each in the region 8S region Total Rural evolved Urban Total Rural Urban 1. Sangrur 2.1.4.1. 1n 4 1677.39 1647.92 29.47 435,958 353,935 82,023 Western (132 Bar- Barnala Sangrur nala Tahsil) M.C. Plain (34 Maler- Dhanaula kotla Tahsil) M.C. (11 Sangrur Bhaduar Tahsil) M.C. Tapa M.C. 2. 2.1.4.2. 395 6 1994.53 1962.46 32.07 660,649 482,911 177,738 Eastern (5 Barnala Ahmedgarh Sangrur Tahsil) M.C. Plain (253 Maler- Maler- kotla Tahsil kotla M.e. (118 Sang· Dhurl rur Tahsil) M.e. (19 Sunam Sangrur Tahsil) M.C. Longowal M.C. Bhawani· garh M.C. 3. 2.1.4.3. 84 2 743.08 73339 9.69 206,972 158,551 48,421 Southern (3 Sangrur Sunam M.e. Sangrur Tahsil) Lehragaga Plain (81 Sunam M.e. Tahsil) 4. 2.1.4.4. 61 2 488.11 485.61 250 106,671 93,212 13,459 Ghaggar (61 Sunam Moonak Aood Tahsil) NAC. Plain Khanauri Kalan NAC. 161 REGION·WISE VILLAGE CODES. 1981 SANGRUR 10 PUNJAB District Name Census Location Code No. State $I. Division Tahsil Location code Total Total Area REMARKS No. Number & No.of Census No. of No. of of Name villages as Villages Villages, Regional per 1981 of and towns division Tahsil in division in km 2 ~-~.- 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 I 1. 2.1.4.1. Barnala 1-5.8.9. 11- 132 177 1677.39 Code No. 6.7.10 are Merged in Western Tahsil 124,130-140 Villages Villages Bhadaur M.C. Sangrur +4 Towns Code No. 125-129 are in Oivn. Plain No. 2.1.4.2. Maler- 1-16.53-67 34 Code No. 17-52,68-72,75-77 are kotla 73,74,78 .. Villages in Oivn No. 2.1.4.2. Tahsil Sangrur 1-9, 12, 13. 11 Code No. 10, 11 are in Ohm. No. Tahsil Villages 2.' .4.2. 2. 2.14.2. Barnala 125-129. 5 395 1994.53 Eastern Tahsil Villages Villages Sclngrur +6 Towns Plain Maler- 17 -52. 68-72. 253 Code No. 149 is Merged in kotla 75-77.79- Villages Malerkotla M.C. Tahsil 148, 150-288. Code No. 53-67,73,74.78 are in Oi"n No. 2.1.4.1. Sangrur 10.11,17- 118 Code NO.12,13 are in Oi"n. No. Tahsil 132. Villages 2.1.4.1 and Code No.14-16 are in Oi"n. No. 2.14.3. Sunam 7-9,87-96, 19 Code No 10-52,58,61-71.75.78- Tahsil 98-103. Villages 86,97 are in Oivn. No. 2.1.4.3 Code No. 53-57.59,60.72-74. 76.77 are in Oi\ln. No. 2.1.4.4 3. 2.1.4.3. Sangrur 14-16. 3 84 743.08 Choe of Tahsil Villages Villages Sangrur +2 Towns Sunam 1-6. 10-52.58. 81 Code No. 63 is Merged in Tahsil 61, 62, 64-71. Villages Lehragaga M.C. 75. 78-86. 97, Code No. 7-9, 87-96. 98-103 are 104-113. in Oivn. No. 21.4.2 and Code No. 53-57, 59. 60, 72· 74.76.77 are in Divn. No. 2.1.4.4. 162 , 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4. 2.1.4.4. Sunam 53-57,59,60, 61 61 488.11 Code No 128 is Merged in Ghaggar Tahsil 72-74,76.77, Villages Villages Moonak NAC Flood , 14-127, 129-163. +2 Towns Code No. 87·96. 98·103 are in Plain Ohm. No.2. 1.4.2 and Code No 58,61·71.75.78- 86,97. 104-113 are in Olvn No.2. 1.4.3 163 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIC-CULTURAL DETAILS ______SANGRUR Census Location Code No. ___10______State __PU_N_J_A_B_ District Name State Uistrict Division Name of Geology Sails Physio-Cultural Characteristics name number & Admini name strative division 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Punjab Sangrur 2.1.4.1. Barnala Alluvium Ochrepts Western Sangrur Plain is bounded Western tahsil, Psamments. by Bathinda district in the south Sangrur Sangrur west, by Faridkot district in the Plain tahsil & north-west, by Ludhiana district in Malerkotla the north and; by Eastern Sangrur tahsil Plain in the east and a small portion of Southern Sangrur Plain is also touched in the south. This region is consisted of 177 villages (132 villages of Barnala tahsil, 34 villages of Malerkotla tahsil and 11 villages of Sangrur tahsil) and 4 urban centres namely Bhadaur, Tapa, Barnala and Dhanaula of Sangrur district. The maximum height of 238.4 metres above mean sea level is located near village Hardaspura (L.C.49) and the lowest height of 223 metres is found near village Jangiana (l.C.9) of Barnala tahsil. Sand dunes are scattered in the whole region and these are the result of Bathinda Sandy Plain which i£ very near to this zone. Natural vegetation includes Kikar, Thorny bushes. Neem, Sarkanda and Reeds. The most important canals/ distributaries are Sirhind canal, Sahna disty, Hadiya branch, Kotla branch, Dhanaula disty and Kurar branch. This region is fully developed in respect of roads and railway lines. The most important roads are SH 12 connecting Rampura Phul with Sangrur via Barnala, SH 13 connecting Mansa with Raikot via 164 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Barnala. Other roads connecting Barnala with Bhaduar, Salabatpura with Barnala, and Barnala with Dh:.Hi The major railway line coming frail) Rampur a Pl1ul and going towards Dhuri via Barnala is very important The soils of this region are sandy loam. clay-loam, but according to 'Soil Map of India' published by National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, the soils of this region are Ochrepts-Psamments. Agriculture is the major activity of the people and wheat. maize, bajra, cotton and sugarcane are their principal CIOp~ 2 1.4.2. Sunam Alluvium Ochrepts This region is bOLJ!ldf_~d by Western Eastern tahsil, Psamrnents Sangrur Plain in the west, by Sangrur Sangrur Ludhlana district in the north and. by Plain tahsil, Patlala district In the east and by Malerkotla Southern Sangrur Plain in the south. tahsil & This region is cornpflsed of 395 Barnala villages (118 villages of Sangrur tahsil tahsil, 19 Villages of Sunarn tahsil, 253 villages of Malerkotla tahSil and 5 villages of 8arnala tahsil) and 6 Urban Centres namely Atunedgarh. Malerkotla, Longowal, Dhuri, Sangrur and Bhawarllgal h of Sangrur dlstflct. The ma)(lmum height of 257 metres above mean sea level IS found near village Gawara (L.C.196) of Malerkotla tahsil and the lowest height of 229 metres IS located near village Chattha Sektlwan (L.C.25) of Sangrur tahsil. This region has 3 main branches i.e. Ghaggar branch. Kotla branch and Bathinda branch (Sirhind canal) and other Important dIstributaries are Longowal disty, Sheron disty, Sangrur disty, Bhawanigarh disty and Bhagwanpur Major dilty The natural vegetation include. Klkar, 165 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Neem and Thorny Bushes and Ber A few patches of forests are also seen in this region. The development of roads and railway lines is remarkable The major roads are SH 12 connecting Ohanaula with Bhawanigarh, SH 11 connecting Ahmedgarh with Patran Via Sangrur and Malerkotla and other roads are connecting Bhawanigarh with Bikhi via Sunam, Sangrur with Jakhal and Barnala with Nabha via Dhuri. The most prominent railways are connecting Ahmedgarh with Jakhal via Malerkotla and Sunam and the second line connecting Barnala with Nabha via Dhuri. The soils of this region are sandy loam, to silt loam, fine sandy-loam to silty-clay-loam, and loam to silty clay-loam, moderate to severely saline-sadie soils of Alluvial plain. But according to 'Soil Map of India' published by National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land use Planning, the sails of this region are Ochrepets Psamments. Agriculture is the major activity and wheat, maize, cotton, bajra and sugarcane are their important crops. Irrigation is done by canals/distributaries and tubewells. 2.1.4.3. Sangrur Alluvium Ochrepts This region is bounded by Bathinda Southern Tahsil & Psamments district in the west, by Western Sangrur Sunam & Ustalfs Sangrur Plain in the north-west, by Plain Tahsil Fluvents Eastern Sangrur Plam in the north, by Patiala district in the east and by Ghaggar Flood Plain in the south. This region is comprised of 84 villages (81 villages of Sunam tahsil and 3 villages of Sangrur tahsil) and two urban centres namely Sunam and Lehragaga of Sangrur district. The maximum height of 236 metres above mean sea level is found near 166 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 village Karial (L.C.106) and the lowest height of 216 metres Is located near village Daska (L.C.39) of Sunam tahsil. Sand deposits are found In the north-eastern portion of this region near village Dlrba (l.C.97) of Sunam tahsil. There are few patches of water bodies scattered in the whole region particularly in the north western portion. The major canal Is Ghaggar branch (Sirhind canal) which is passing through this region. Other distributaries are Sunam disty Kotra disty and Ladbanjara distributary. The development of roads and railway lines is reaaonably satisfactory. Major roads connecting Sunam with Jakhal and Budhlada with Jakhal and Lehragaga with Dirba and railway line connecting Sangrur with Jakhal are also passIng through this region. The soils of this region are Sandy. loam to silt· loam and loam·to silty loam. But according to 'Soil Map of India' published by National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, the soils of this lone are Ochrepta.Paammenta and Ustalfl Fluvents. Agriculture is the major activity of the people of this lone and wheat, maize, cotton and sugarcane ar. their principal crops. 2.1.4.4. Sunam Alluvium Ustalfs Ghaggar Flood Plain is surrounded Ghaggar tahsil Fluvent.s & by Southern Sangrur plam in the Flood Ochrepts north, by Patiala district In the east, Plain Psamments by Haryana State in the south and south-west and, by a small portion of Bathinda district in the north-west It has 61 village. and 2 urban centr.. namely Moonak and Khanauri Kalan of Sunam tahsil. 167 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 The maximum height of 237 metres above mean sea level is found near village Dhandial (L.C.115) and the lowest height of 223 metres is located near village Salemgarh (L.C.130) of Sunam tahsil. Being flood plain, sand deposits are found alongwith Ghaggar river in the south-west portion of this region. The main river of this region is Ghaggar and it flows towards south west direction. Other Nalas/distributaries are Bariwala Nala, Dhanauri disty, Bhakra canal and Ladbanjara disty. Natural vegetation includes Shisham, Kikar, Neem, Reeds and Sarkanda. Major roads connecting Jakhal Mandi with Patran, Akalgarh with Tohana and railway line connecting Lehragaga with Jakhal Mandi and Jakhal Mandi with Bareta are also passing through this zone. The soils of this region are stratified (Sand to silty-clay-loam) alluvial and low-humic clay soils of Flood Plains (Bet areas) subjected to periodic flooding. But according to 'Soil Map of India' published by National Bureau of SOil Survey and Land Use Planning, the soils of this region are Ustalfs-Fluvents and Ochrepts Psamments. Agriculture is the main activity and wheat, maize, rice and sugarcane are their principal crops. 168 DISTRICT BATHINDA REGIONAL DIVISIONS Bathinda district forms the Central-southern part 2.1.4.1 8athinda Sandy Plain of Punjab State and is bounded by Sangrur district in the east, by Faridkot district in the west and north The region spreads over the parts of Bathinda, and by Haryana in the south. Rampura Phul, Talwandl Saba and Mansa tahslls and is consisted of 267 villages and 8 towns Bathinda district consists of 4 tahsils (Rampura, (Including district Headquarters) of Bathinda district 2 Phul, Talwandi Saba, Bathinda and Mansa) having with an area of 2994.51 km . The region is Inhabited 527 villages and 12 towns with an area of 5551.0 by 713,064 persons, of which 517,828 are residing km2. This district is inhabited by 1,304,606 persons in rural and 195,236 in urban areas. The density of 2 (699,815 males and 604,791 females), of which population is 239 persons per km . Being sandy 1,008,729 are residing in rural and 295,877 in urban plain, region is dotted with scattered sand dunes areas. The density of population of Bathinda district Bathinda, Raman, Talwandl Saba and Maur are the is 235 per50ns per km~ prominent towns of the region. The geological structure of this region is formed of Alluvium and the There are 402,402 main workers (30.84 per cent) main soils are Orthid8-Fluvents, Ochrepts and out of these workers 46.27 per cent are culti Psamments and Psarnments-Fluvents-Orthlds. The vators, 22.65 per cent are agricultural labourers, region is fully developed in respect of roads and 2.13 per cent in household industries and 28.95 per railway lines. Important roads are NH 15, SH 17 and cent are other workers. Bathinda district lies in the SH 12. New industries have come up in this region, central-southern dry region of the state and nearer particularly conan ginning and baling. The major to the Thar desert of Rajasthan. The district has a problem of this region is wind erosion in the very hot summer, a mild rainy season and a dry but southern parts of the region. Due to shifting of sand embracing winter. Dust storms are a regular feature dunes, a lot of cultivable land is being made 0 of summer when the mercury touches over 46 c in uncultivable. Agriculture is the major activity and the peak summer in June. wheat, bajra and cotton are the principal crops. The soil of this district is mostly sandy and a 2.1.4.2 Rampura- Mansa Plain large number of sand dunes are also found in this district. Ghaggar, a seasonal river flows through the The region spreads over the large parts of Ram south-eastern pan of the district. The principal pura Phul, Bathinda and Mansa tahslls of Bathinda crops of this district are wheat, gram, maize, pulses, district. The region covers the north and eastern bajra, jowar, cotton and mustard. The most impor portion of the district, constituting 202 villages and 4 tant industries of this district are cotton ginning and towns with an area of 1971.68 km2. There are baling and others are agro-based industries. 501.856 inhabitants in this sub-micro region. of which 401,215 are residing In rural and 100.641 in Bathinda district is a part of the Punjab Malwa urban areas. The density of population is 254 per Plain (2.1.4.) and is sub-divided into following three sons per km2, This is a plain area with sand dunes sub-micro regions on the basis of soils, topography, and these are largely concentrated In the south near climate and natural vegetation:- Bareta, Budh~da and Mansa Towns. The geological 169 structure of this region is consisted of Alluvium and with a population of 89,686 persons. The denstty of the main soils are Psamments-Auvents-Orthids and population is 186 persons per km2. Ghaggar river Qchrepts-Psamments. Agriculture is the matn activ flows from east to west direction. The geological tty and wheat, bajra and cotton are principal crops. structure of this region Is consisted of Alluvium and the main soils are Ustalfs-Ochrepts and Psam 2.1.4.3 Ghaggar Flood Plain ments-Fluvents-Orthids. This region has a serious problem of wind erosion. Being flood plain, the nat The region extends over 58 villages of Mansa ural vegetation Includes Shisham, Neem, Reeds and tahsil and covers the extreme southern part of Sarkanda. Agriculture Is the main activity and 2 8athinda district., It covers an area of 481.04 km wheat, bajra, rice and cotton are the principal crops. 170 _ N 1'1 ,~ .. " 'I' G - -- N N, N, : Z Z ~ ( ~;~~ , ( -( J 1,':" Jj: J J Q. ~,'" "1 .. "." Q. Q. '))~. ~; .~,:~:,,/ ,,,,,~~,:,~ >- ( 0 'Ill, > ~ I/)Z 0 : 0 ~ ( ( J 'ill J I/) l Il , « 0 0 Z VI " I: 0 5 III r-: UJ ~ I/) m 0:> UJ « 0 a: «(D0- N I- .., U 0 UJ l Z VI J 0 ;:)r-J~ 0 J ~ o.u VlOz_ - UJ (9 0:: U UJ 0 r- cr: '¥ I}) 0 -0 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS PUNJAB District Name ______BATHINOA Census location Cod. No. ______11 5tat. ____ 2 51. District Region No.of No.of Area in km . of the Population of the region No. No.and villages towns region (1981) Name In each in the region as region Total Rural Urban Total Rural evolved 1. Bathinda 2.1.4.1. 267 8 2994.51 2889.35 105.16 713,064 517,828 195,236 Bathinda (119 Goniana Sandy Bathinda M.e. Plain Tahsil) Bathinda (85 Tal- M.e. wandi Sabo Bhuchomandi Tahsil M.e. (15 Rampura Sangat Phul Tahsil) M.e. (48 Mansa Kot Fatta M.e Tahsil) Talwandi- Sabo N.A.C. Raman M.e. Maur M.e. 2.1.4.2. 202 4 1971.68 193674 34.94 501,85[; 401,:) :. 100.641 Rampura- (61 Ram- Rampura Mansa pura Phul pura Phul Plain Tahsil M.e. (2 Bathinda Budhlada Tahsil) M.e. (139 Mansa Bareta Tahsil) M.e. Mansa M.C. 2.1.4.3. 58 481.04 481.04 89.686 i: Cj, b8e Ghaggar (58 Mansa Flood Tahsil) Plain 173 REGION-WISE VILLAGE CODES. 1981 BATHINDA 11 PUNJAB District Nama Census Location Code No. State 81. Division Tahsil Location code Total Total Area REMARKS No. Number & No. of Census No. of No. of of Name villages as Villages ViII· ages Regional per 1981 of and towns division 2 Tahsil in division in km . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. 2.1.4.1. Bathinda 1-56. 59-74. 119 267 2994.51 Code No. 75 is Merged in Bathinda Tahsil 76-122. Villages Villages Bathinda M.C. Sandy +8 Towns Code No. 57, 58 are in Plain Divn. No. 2.1.4.2 Talwandi 1-85. 85 ,i Sabo Villages Rampura 17.59-61. 15 Code No. 18-58.62,65-67 are in Phul 63.64,68- Divn. No. 2.1.4.2. Tahsil 76. Mansa 8- 13, 15-26, 48 Code No. 82 is Merged in Mansa Tahsil 28,29.83- Villages M.e. 105, 108-110, Code No. 14,27.30-81, 106, 107, 213,214. 111-149,151,152.156-158,163- 181. 190-200,202.212 are in Divn No. 2.1.4.2 Code No. 150, 153-155, 159-162, 182-189. 201, 203-211 are in Divn. No. 2.1.4.3. 2. 2.1.4.2. Rampura 1-16, 18-58, 61 202 1971.68 Code No. 17,59-61.63,64 are in Rampura- Phul 62,65-67. Villages Villages Divn. No. 2.1.4.1 Mansa Tahsil +4 Towns Plain Bathinda 57.58. 2 Tahsil Villages Mansa 1-7, 14,27, 139 Code No. 82 is Merged in Mansa Tahsil 30-81,106, Villages M.C. 107, 111-149, Code No. 8-13,15-26,28,29, 151.152,156- 83-105, 108-110, 21~ 214 are in 158. 163-181. Divn. No. 2.1.4.1. 190-200,202, Code No. 150, 153-155 .. 159-162. 212. 182-189,201.203-211 are In Divn. No. 2.1.4.3. 3. 2.1.4.3. Mansa 150. 153-155, 58 58 481.04 Code No. 151, 152. 156-158. 163- Ghaggar Tahsil 159-162.182- Villages Villag~s 181, 190-200.202.212 are in Aood 189.201.203- Divn. No.2. 1.4.2. Plain 211.215-246. Code No. 213. 214 .,e in OiYft. No. 2.1.4.1. r-- 174 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIC-CULTURAL DETAILS ,1 PUNJAB District Name __BA_T_H_l_N_D_A ____ _ Census Location Code No. _____ State ___ State District Division Name of Geology Solis Physio-Cultural Characteristics name number & Adminis- name trative dMsion 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Punjab Bathinda 2.1.4.1. Rampura Phul Alluvium Orthici,,· Bathinda S.ndy Plain Is Bathinda tahsil, Fluvents bounded by Faridkot district in the Sandy Mansa tahsil Psamments· west and north-west; by Rampura Plain Ta'Wandi Sabo. Fluvents· Mansa Plain in the north·east, by tahsil and Orthids and Ghaggar Flood Plain and Haryana Bathinda Ochrepts State in the south and south-west. tahsil. Psamments. This region is consisted 01 267 villages (15 villages of Aampura Phul tahsil, 48 villages at Mansa tahsil, 119 villages of Bathinda tahsil and 85 villages of Talwandi Sabo tahSil) and 6 urban centres namely Goniana, Bathinda, Bhucho Mandi, Sangat, Kat Fatta, Raman, Talwandi Sabo and Maur at Bathinda district. The maximum height of 220 metres above mean sea level is IClcated near vitlage Sooch (L.C. 61) of Rarnpura Phul tahsil and the minimum height at 199 metres above mean sea level is found near village Sardar Garh (LC.84) of Bathinda tahsil. The very name of .the region shows that this zone is full of sand dunes, These sand dunes are shifting towards eastern side. Natural vegetation includes Kikar, Ber, Neem and thorny Bushes. It has 3 branches of main canal namely Bathinda branch, Musa branch and Kotla branch (Sirhind canal) and various other distributaries. These are Dhapali disty, Phul dlsty, Gumman disty, Bangi disty. This region is fully developed In f_$pect of foads and railway linea. 175 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 The most important road is NH 15 connecting Giddarbaha with Faridkot via Bathinda. The other roads are SH 17 connecting Bathinda with Sardulgarh, SH 12 connecting Bathinda with Rampura Phul and Bhucho mandi with Bagha Purana. The most important railway lines are connecting Jaito with Mansa via Bathinda and Maur, connecting Malout with Bathinda, Mandi Dabwali with Bathinda and Bathinda with Sirsa. The soils of this region are coarse Sandy-loam to loam, grey or red desert soils. But according to 'Soil Map of India' published by Soil Suvey and Land Use Planning, the soils of this region are Orthids Fluvents, Psamments-Fluvents Orthids and Ochrepts-Psamments. Agriculture is the major activity and wheat, maize, bajra and cotton are their principal crops. 2.1.4.2. Rampura Phul Alluvium Psamments- This region is bounded Bathinda tahsil, Fluvents by Faridkot district in Sandy Mansa tahsil Orthids and north-west and north, by Sangrur Plain Talwandi Sabo Ochrepts- district in the east, by Ghaggar tahsil and Psamments. Flood Plain in the south and by Bathinda Bathinda Sandy Plain in the west. tahsil. This region is consisted of 202 villages (61 villages of Rampura Phul tahsil, 139 villages of Mansa tahsil and 2 villages of Bathinda tahsil) and 4 urban centres namely Rampura Phul, Mansa, Budhpada and Bareta of Bathinda district. The maximum height of 223 metres above mean sea level is found near village Bahadurpur ~.C. 144) and the minimum height of 209 metre ~ located near village Bajewala (L.L.111) of Mansa tahsil. Sand dunes are located in the lower half portion of Mansa tahsil. 176 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Natural vegetation includes Kikar.• Be" Ngem and thorny Bushes. This region has irrigational facilities like Bathinda branch, Kotla branch, Odat branch and Biroke branch ($irhind canal) and other numerous distributaries namely Bhadaur disty, Raonta disty, Dhapali disty, Phul disty, Joga disty, Bhiki disty and Sunam disty. This region is also fully developed in respect of roads and railway lines. Major roads are connecting Jaito with Bhadaur, Bathinda with Barnala via Rampura Phul, Sardul garh with Mansa, Maur with Bhikhi and Budhlada with Bareta. Important railway lines are connecting Bathinda with Baranla and Maur with Jakhal mandi. The soils of this region are coaTse sandy-loam to loam and loam to silty-clay-loam. Soils as classified by 'Soil Map of India' published by National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, the soils of this region are Psamments-Fluvents- Orthids and Ochrepts-Psamments. Agriculturo is tho main occupation of the people and wheat, maize, baJra, cotton, etc. are their principal crops. 2.1.4.3 Mansa Alluvium Ustalts Ghaggar Flood Plain is surrounded Ghaggar tahsil Ochrepts & by Bathinda Sandy Plain and Flood Psamments- Rampura-Mansa Plain in the north, Plain Fluvents by a small portion of Sangrur district Orthids. in the east and Haryana state in the east -south and west. This region is comprised of only 58 villages of Mansa tahsil without any urban centres. The maximum height of 223 matres is found near village Kahangarh (Le. 150) and the lowest height of 206 metres Is located near village Mirpur Kalan (L.C.221) of Mansa tahsil. Most prominent river of this region is Ghaggar river and it flows from east to wes{ direction. 177 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Being a flood plain these villages are flooded during r~iny season. It has Bhakra canal and New Dhodal branch (Sirhind l;anal) for irrigation. Sand deposits are the result of Ghaggar river. Natural vegetation includes Shisham, Neem, Reeds and Sarkanda. Being flood plain a few roads are passing through this region. The main road is connecting Sardulgarh with Mansa and Boha with Ratia. Only a small portion of railway line connecting Bareta witl": Jakhal, is passing through this region, The Soils of this area are Ustalfs-Ochrepts and Psamments Fluvents-Orthids. Agriculture is the major occupation of the people and wheat, maize, rice and cotton are their principal crops. 178 DISTRICT FARIDKOT REGIONAL DIVISIONS Faridkot district, is situated in south-west of the crops. Paddy and bajra are the major kharif State. It is surrounded by Firozpur district in the crops. Muktsar tahsil lies in the famous cotton belt north-west, by Ludhiana district in the north-east of the state. and by the districts of Bathinda and Sangrur in the south-east and by Rajasthan and Haryana States Farldkot district falls in the dry region of the in the south. It was carved on 7th August, 1972, out State. The climate is extremely hot and dry in sum of the existing districts of Bathinda and Firozpur. mer and severe cold in winter. Normally monsoon rains start in the district during first or second week The district derives its name from the erst-while of July and continue upto end of September. The State of Faridkot, which is the headquarters of the rains are scanty as compared to other parts of the district. The town is stated to have been founded by State. During December and January, the temper Raja Mokalsi some 700 years ago. He named it atures are specifically low. Some rains are also re Mokal Har and built a fort here. Mokalsi was erect ceived during the months of January and February ing the fon or perhaps carrying out its repairs, when from western Cyclones. Baba Fand, the saint, was forced to work on it as a labourer. The story goes that it was noticed that the This district has a well developed net work of basket full of mud which the saint was supposed to roads and railways. All the villages are connected carry on his head did not rest on the head but kept with each other by link roads. Faridkot district about a foot higher, thereby giving no burden to the abounds in agricultural commodities such as cot saint. This miracle brought the Raja to his knees ton, wheat. rice, pulses and oil seeds as a conse and he bagged pardon of the saint. The name of the quence of which most of the industries are place was, however changed to Faridkot after the ago-based, e.g. cotton ginning and processir'lg, name of Baba Farid. spinning and weaving, rice husking, snuff manu facturing, etc. Engineering goods like oil engine Faridkot district comprised of 3 tahsils (Moga, parts, tractor parts, wheat threshers, cycle parts, Faridkot and Muktsar) having 580 villages and 11 electrical goods such as insulated cables, brass towns. The total area of the district is 5740 Km2 and bulb holders and steel furniture have also corne up having population of 1,436,228, of which 1,092,659 In the district. are residing in rural and 343,569 in urban areas. The 2 density of population is 250 persons per km . The Faridkot districts is a part of the Puniab Malwa decenial population growth rate Is + 24.48 per cent Plain (2.1.4) and is sub-divided into following three as against State average + 23.89 per cent. Similarly sub-micro regions on the basis of soils, topogra literacy rate is 33.58 per cent as against the State phy, climate and natural vegetation. figure of 40.86 per cent. About 23.92 per cent population lives in urban areas. 2.1.4.1 Muktsar Plain Faridkot district is an alluvial plain where sand parts in soil vary from area to areas. Generally the The region spreads over the lower half western soils are Orthids-Fluvents and Ochrepts portion of Faridkot district and occupies 71 villages Psamments. Wheat and barley are the major cereal and one town of Muktsar tahsil. Its area is 766.99 179 km2 which is inhabited by 181,649 persons. of tiltty of soils. The density of population is 212 per which 130,708 are residing in rural and 50,941 in ur sons per km2. The natural vegetation Includes ban areas. The densit~ of population of the region is Klkar, Ber, Mango, and thorny bushes. The geo 237 persons per km . The geological structure of logical structure of this region is consisted of Allu this region is consisted of Alluvium and the main vium and the main solis are Orthlds-Fluvents and soils are coarse sandy-loam to grey or red desert Ochrepts-Psamments. Cotton ginning and baling soil. The region has a major problem regarding with industries and engineering goods inclusive of agri wind erosion. Many new steps are being taken up culture implements, are the important industries of by Soil Conservation Department to check the wind the region. Agriculture is the main activity of the erosion. Agriculture is the maior activity. Cotton people and wheat, grams, cotton are their principal ginning and baling is a major industry, flourshing in crops. Muktsar town. The development of roads and rail way lines is satisfactory. N.H.15 and S.H. 16 and Broad gauge and Metre gauge railway lines pass 2.1.4.3 Moga Plain through this region. Natural vegetation includes Kikar, Neem, Mango and thorny bushes. The region spreads over the Moga tahsil and a part of Faridkot tahsil. It forms the north and north 2.1.4.2 Faridkot Sandy Plain eastern part of Faridkot. district. It consists fo 231 villages and 3 towns with an area of 2247.66 km2. The region extends over the parts of Faridkot and The region is Inhabited by 683,662 persons, of Muktsar tahsils and occupies 278 villages and 7 which 541,551 are residing in rural and 142,111 in towns (including district headquarters) with an area urban areas. The density of population is 304 per 2 of 2695.94 km? The region is inhabited by 570,917 sons per km . The main soils of this region are persons, of which 420,400 are residing in rural and Ochrepts-Psamments. Agriculture is the main ac 150,517 in urban areas. The most important towns tivity and wheat, gram and cotton are Important of this region are Glddarbaha, Malout, Jaito and crops. The development of roads and railway line is Faridkot. The region has large number of sand reasonably good. Important roads are SH 16, SH 18 dunes. Wind erosion has Its own affect on the fer- and SH 19. 180 •c ,~ ';• 'ij ] o '0. ,0 a: ~': , u ~o :;. 1 ~ '" ~ ~ ~"" J • .• 5~ u ~o .. ~• ~0 0( o J ( o z /i: _)' «~ III o ~ / r l J~~""\~ pD~ ,\~01 l f\).O,,", FROM FIROlPUR ,\, VI I Z III 1/1 1 ~ l ~ \. « > ~ 3 I- '\, i I "- ~ , 0 Il. III a 'I OJ 0 ::i ~ \ ,,,J~~-A' a: I I r o N~ U ~ - -0 0 o 0 0: - (') :;;- - ;;; )0~"" r! ~ LiJ VI m« ~ OJ ~ U. 0 > 0 a: . \ ~ " N DO OJ ., °Ci OJ Z u l :~,', ..... , 0 Jf-Vl~ 0 J JZ ~ L" ~ '''':('1: l !l.U III ' .. VlO '1 : Ll}-, - Z- ~;' ~' et: LiJ ~ 0 1 I- U a: ,~J J 'J. > lI) :) D ! 1~ J Z 0 J ~ N ~ I) 0 o ~ ~ ~ : '--______"' .. _. ______~II.------__~===::::==_=_=-=.::~~_=_::__~ U~------J DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS FARIOKOT 12 PUNJAB District Name Census Location Code No. State z SI. District Region No. of No. of Area in k:m of .region Population 0# the region No. No. and of villages towns (1981) Name in each in the region as region Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban evolved 1. Faridkot 2.1.4.1 71 766.99 153.19 13.80 181.649 130.708 50,941 Muktsar (71 Muktsar Muktsar Plain Tahsil) M.C. 2. 2.1.42. 278 7 2695.94 2656.17 3977 570,917 420,400 150,517 Faridkot (119 F andkot Faridkot Sandy Tahsil) M.C Plain (159 Muktsar 8arriwala Tahsil) NAC Lakhewali NAC. Jaitu M.e. Giddarbaha M.C Malout M.C. KiHianwali NAC. 3. 214.3 231 3 224766 2211.06 3660 683.662 541,551 142,111 Moga (180 Moga Moga Plain Tahsil) M.C (51 8agha FandkOI Purana NAC Tahsil Kotkapura M.G. 183 REGION-WISE VILLAGE CODES, 1981 Dist{\ct Name ______FAR1DKOT Census Location Code No ______12 8tate ______PUNJAB _ 81. Division Tahsil Location Code Total No. of Total No of Area REMARKS No Numbers & No. of Census villages villages of Name Villages as per of Tahsil and towns Regional 1981 in Division . K 2 diVISion In m ,. 2.1.4.1 Muktsar 59,60,62-66.76-95, 71 71 766.90 Code No 73 is Merged In Muktsar Tah$il 119-122,145,146, villages Villages Lakhewall NAC Plain 149-173,177. .. 1 Town Code Nn 61.67-7'1 179-185, 96-118.123-144.147.148 187-190.201 174·176,178,186.191·200 are In Dlvn No 2 1 4 2 2. 214.2 Farldkot 1-74, 77·81, 83. 109, 119 278 2695.94 Code No 230 IS Melged Faridkot TahSil 1 , 1. 113- 122, Villages Villages In Kill,anwali N A C Sandy 1~~2-142, 147, t 7 Towns Code No 7t>. 76. 82, Plain 155-165,168-170 84-108.112. 123- 131 143-146. 148-154 166 167 :lre In D,vr, No ~' 1 4 :; Mu'Ktsar 1-5B,61 ,67 -75, 159 Cocle No ':l9 60.62 bb ,'b·95 TahSil 96-118,123-144, Villages 119,122 14~) 146, 149-173 147, 148, 174-176, 1'17, 179-18~. 187 190 ;:'01 are 178, 186,191-200, In Dlvn No 2 1 4 1 202-229,231. 3_ 24.4.3 Moga 1-180 180 231 224766 Mega Tahsil Villages Villages +3 Towns Farid~ 75.76,82,84- 51 Code No 77·81,83.109-111 kot lOB,112,. villages 113·122.132-142 147 155~ TahSil 123-131.143· 165 are In D,vn No 2 1 4 ;~ 146,148-154, 166, 167 184 STATEMENTON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS 12 P District Name __F_A_A_'D_K_OT ____ Census Location Code No. ______State---U-N-J-A-B State District Division Name of Geology Soils Physio-Cultur al Characteristics name number & Admini- name strative division 2 v~ 4 5 6 7 Punjab Fa(idkot 214.1 Muktsar Alluvium Orthids- Muklsar Plain is bounded by Muktsar tahsil Fluvents and Firozpur district in the west, by Plain Ochrepts- Faridkot Sandy rlain in the north, Psarnments. north-east, east and south. This region is consisted of 71 villages of Muktsar tahsil and one town namely Muktsar of Faridkot district. lhe maximum height of 205 metres above mean sea level is found near village Sangu Dhaun (l.C 60) and the lowest height of 189 metres above mean sea level is located near village Mahri Khera (LC 181) of Muktsar tahsil Natural vegetation includes Kikar, Neem. Am/a and dry thorny bushes. The main canal flowing in thif, region is Abohar branch (Sirhind canal) The other distributaries are Arrnwala disty, Aj,mw.ala disty. Lower Dada disty, Kararngarh dlsty and lower sukh chain distributry The development 01 lOads and railway line is satisfactory. The important roads are NH 15 cnn'l6cting Abahar with Bathrnda, SH 16 connecting Malout wittl Muktsar, other roads connecting Muktsar with Dada, Malout with Fa2ilka and Mu~tsar with FirozpuL The metre gauge railway line connecting Fazilka winl Kat Kapur3 and broad gauge railway line connecting Abohar with Malout also pass through this area. The soil:; of this legion are coarse sandy-loam to loam, grey or red desert soil, but according to 'Soi\ Map of India' published by National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, the soils of this r.egion are Orthids-Fluvents and Qchrepts Psamments. 185 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Agriculture is the main occupation and wheat, grams, cotton, bajra are the principal crops. 2.1.4.2 Faridkot Alluvium Orthids- Faridkot Sandy Plain is surrounded Faridkot tahsil & Fluvents by Muktsar Plain and Firozpur district in the west, by Firozpur sandy Muktsar and Ochrepts- district in the north, by Moga Plain tahsil Psamments and Bathinda district in the east and by borders of Rajasthan and Haryana states in the south. This region is consisted of 278 villages (119 villages of Faridkot tah~il and 159 villages of Muktsar tahsil) and 7 towns namely Faridkot, Barriwala, Lakhewali, Jaito, Giddarbaha, Malout and Killianwali of Faridkot district. The maximum height of 211 metres above means sea level is found near Faridkot town and the lowest height of 193 metres above mean sea level is located near village Middu Khera (L.C 224} of Muktsar tahsil and near Malout town Sand duoes are found near village Panjawa (L.e. 205) Theri (L.G. 134). Ghagga (L.C 133). Bura Gujjar (L.e. 31) and Malout town of Muktsar tahsil. Numerous sand dunes are also lying in the north·west portion of Faridkot tahsil. Natural vegetation includes Kikar, Beri, Mango, Amla and Thorny bushes. This region has Rajasthan feeder canal and a small portion of Abohar branch of Si,hind canal. besides Golewala disty, Mudki drain, Upper Dada disty Jaito disty, Upper ]al Bhai disty, Upper Lambi disty, Mithri minor and Upper Teona disty. This zone has a fully developed net work of roads and railway lines. The most important roads are SH '6 connecting Malout with Kot Kapura via Muktsar, NH 15 connecting Abohar with Giddarbaha. NH 10 connecting Daliwali with Malout, again NH 15 connecting Bathinda with Zira via Faridkot. The railway lines connecting Muktsar 186 1 2 3 4 6 7 with Kat Kapura, Firozpur with Jaito Mandi via Faridkat are very important. Soils of this region are Orthids-Fluvents and Ochrepts- Psamments, as per 'Soil Map of India' published by Nationa! Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning. Agriculture is major activity of the people and wheat, maize, grams, cotton and sugarcane are their principal crops. This region is bounded by. 2.1.4.3 Faridkot AIl:Jviurr: Cchrept5- Faridkot Sandy Plain and Firozpur Moga tahsil & Psamments Plain Moga district in the west, by Firozpur tahsil district in the north, by Ludhiana and Sangrur district:; in the east and, by Sangrur and Bathinda dis1ricts and Faridkot Sandy Plain in the south. It is consisted of 231 villages (51 villages of Faridkot tahsil and 180 villages of Moga tahsil) and 3 towns i.e. Kat Kapura, Maga and Bagha Purana of Faridkot district. The maximum height of 227.6 metres above mean sea level is located near village 8adhni Kalan (L.G. 96) of Maga tahsil and the lowest height of 203 metres above mean sea level is found near village Maur (L.e. 127) of Faridkot tahsil. A few sand dunes are found near south-west of Moga town and other important sand dunes are located near village Chand Nawan (L.G, 48) Baghele wala (:".C. 46), Bhikha (L.C. 44) of Moga tahsil and Behbal Khurd (Le. 150) and Gurusar (Le. 148) of Fg;ridkot tahsil. Natural vegetation includes Pipal, Shl!>liam, Iveem, Ber, Jamun and Mango. This region is fully developed in respect of roads and railway lines. The major roads are SH 16 coming from Kot Kapura and goes to Moga town, SH 18 connecting Talwandi Sha; with Jagraan via Moga, SH 19 connecting Makhu with Moga. Other roads are connecting Bagha Purana 187 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Wi1h Bhagta and Bagha Purana with Mudki. The railway lines connecting Firozpur with Jagraon via Moga, Faridkot with Jaitu and Mu\ The major canal (Abohar branch of Sirhmd canal) is passing through this region. The other important distributaries are Kat Kapura disty, Main disty, Jaitu disty and Jagraon distributry. According to 'Soil Map of lrod;s,' published by National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning. the soils of this region are Ochrepts-Psam men ts. Agriculture is the major activity of the peopl9 and wheat, maize, mustard, cotton, grams and sugarcane are their principal crops. Irrigation is done by Canals and tubewells. 188 APPENDIX APPENDtx SHOWING ADMINISTRATIVE CONSTITUENTS By DISTRICTS WITH REFERENCE TO THE SUB· MICRO REGIONS IN PUNJAB AND STATES NAMELY, J & K, HIMACHAL PRADESH, HARYANA, RAJASTHAN, UTIAR PRADESH AND UNION lERRITORY OF CHANDIGARH Macro Region with Meso Region with State Micro Region with District Sub- Micro Region with Code No. & Name Code No. lit Name Code No. & Name Code No. & Name 2 3 4 5 6 SIWALIK 1. The Northern 1.1 Jammu & Jammu. & 1.1.3 Jammu Jammu 1.1 3 1 Jammu Siwalik Mountains Kashmir Kashmir West Himalaya Kathua 1.1.3.2 Kalhua Siwalik Jan1mu 1 1.33 Jammu Siwalik East RaJaufl 1 1 33 Ralaufl Siwalik Udharnpur '35 Siwalik Forested f~ange Udharnpur 1 1 36 Siwalik Faa, Hills 1 2 Hlrnachal Himachal 1.2 3 Central Himachal Una 123 , Una Siwalik Pradesh Pradesh Pradesh Hamlrpur , 231 Western Himalaya Hanlilpur Forested Siwalik Hamrrpur l232 Eastern Harmrpur Siwalik Kangra 1 2.3 4 Kangra Siwalik 1 24 Southern Himachal Bilaspur 1.24.2 Bilaspur Siwalik Pradesh Slrrnaur 1 243 Slfmaur Siwalik Solan 124 3 Nalagarh Siwalik Solan 1.2 4.4 Solan Siwalik 1 3 Uttar Uttar 1 3.1 Kumaon Himalaya Pithoragarh 1. 3 1 1 Kurnaon Siwalik Pradesh Pradesll North Himalaya 1 3.2 Western Kumaon Oehra Dun 1 3 2.5 Kurnaon Siwalik Himalaya, Siwalik Garhwal 13.2.5 Kumaon Siwalik & Doons 133 Kumaon Himalay" Nalnltal 1333 Narnltal Siwalik East 2. The Great 2 1 Punjab Punjab 2 1 1 Ravl-Beas Gurdaspur~ 2 1 1 1 Gurdaspur Plains Plalh Interfluvlal Srwallk Plain Chandl- 212 Hoshiarpuf Chandigarh • 2 1 2 1 Chand'garh garh Chandlgarh Sub- S,walilt montane plain • Districts ma(.ke~ by asterisks have been included under the Macro region-the Great Plains. because the major portions af the con~rned dlstocts fall in that region, even though the components in question represent extensions of the Siwalik-the major part of whIch forms part of the Northern mountain·Macro region. 191 , 2 3 4 5 6 Rupnagar· 2122 Rupnagar Siwalik Hoshlarpur" 2123 Hoshlarpur Siwalik 2.2 Haryana Haryana 2.2.1 Eastern Haryana Ambala" 2.2 1 1 Kalka Siwalik Plam 24 Upper Uttar 2.4.1 Northern Upper Saharanpur· 2 ~ , 6 Saharanpu/ Pradesh Ganga Ganga Plain Siwalik Plain RAVI BASIN The Northern Jammu & Jammu & 1 13 Jammu Kathua 1 1.34 Ravi Basin Mountain Kashmir Kashmir Himalaya 1.2 Himachal Hrnadlal , 2 1 Ncrthern Hlrnachal Charnba 1 2 1 4 Flavi BaSin Pradesh Pradest-; Pradesh Himalaya 2. The Great 2 1 Punjab PunJab ?1 1 Ravl-Beas Gurdaspur :' 1 1 3 RavlF"lood Plain.> Plam Interlluvlal Plain Plain Amrit~ar :) 1 1 4 Ravi Flood Plal,l SATLUJ-BEAS FLOOD PLAIN/BASIN The Northern 1.2 Himachal Himachal 1.22 Trans Himalayan Kinnaur 1 ::' :.:' 3 Satlul Basin Mountains Pradesh Pradesh Zone Himalaya 1.2.3 Centml ~Irnact)al K.lJl1u 123 1 Kutlu Valley Pradesh f/ardl 1 2 3.2 Be ') <- The G/eat 21 Punjab Punjab 2 1 1 Ravi-Beas Amfltsar ;: 1 1 1 SatluJ·Beas Plains Platn Inter1luvIs! Hood Pla.~n Plain Gurdaspuf 21 15 Seas Flood Plain 2.1.2 Hoshiarpur Hoshlarpur 2 1 2 1 Beas Flood Chan dig... " Plain Sub Montar.e RupnagaJ 2 , 2 1 Upper SatluJ Plain Basin Hoshiarpur 2.' 24 SatluJ Khadal 2 ~ 3 Beas·SatluJ Kapurthala 2 1.3 1 Beas FlOOd Doab Plain -.---- JalandhaJ 2 1 3.3 Satluj Khadar 192 2 3 4 5 6 2.1.4 Punjab-Malwa Ludhiana 214 1 Satlu} Khadar Plain Firolpur 21 4.1 Salluj Khada# GHAGGAR FLOOD PLAIN 2.1 Punjab Punjab 2.1.4 Punjab Malwa Patiala 2 1 4.2 Ghaggal Flood Plain Plain Plam Barhmda 2 1 4.3 Ghaggar Flood Pram $anglur 2 T 44 Ghaggar Flood Plain 2.2 Haryana Haryana 2.1 1 Eastern Haryai"la Ambala 2.2 1 3 Ghaggar Flood Plain Plain Kurukshetra 2.2 1 4 Ghaggar Flood PlaIn 22.2 Western Haryana Hlssr 222 , Ghaggar Flood Pistil SHsa 2223 Ghaggar Flood PlaHl 2.3 And Raj .. sthan 23' Chllggdf Pialn Ganganagar 2 ~ , 2 Anupgarh· Rajasthan Ghaggar Plain Green a.ft UPLANDS/CHOES 2.1 Punjab Punjab 2 1 1 Ravi-Beas Gurdaspur 2 1 12 Gurdaspur Plall) Interf'uvlal Upland Plain 2.1.2 Hoshiarpuf Hoshiarpur 21.2.2 Choes at Chandigluh Hoshlarpur Sub· Manta.1 Ie PlaIn PLAIN 2.1 Punjab Punjab 21' Ral/i-Beas Amritsm 2 1 1 2 Taln Taran Plain Plain Int.rflu\llal Plarn Amritsar 2 1 1 3 Am"tsar Plaul Gurdaspur 2 1 1 4 Batala Plam 212 Hoshiarpur· Chandigarh 2 1 22 Chandlgarh Sub-Montane Plain Plain Rupnagar 2123 Khalar Plain 2.1.3 Beas-Saltuj Ooab Jalandhar 2 1 3 , Bhogpur Adampur ~aln 2 1 32 .Jalandhar· Nawashahr Doaba Plain Kapurthala 2 , '32 Kapurthala Plain 2.1 4 Punjab-Malwa Plam Patiala 2 1 4 1 Patlala Plain Sangrur 2 1 4 1 Western Sangrur Plain Faridkot 214 , MuHs,ar Plain Sangrur 2142 Eastern Sangrur Platn Ludhlane 2 1.4.2 Western ludhiana Ptaln 193 2 3 4 5 6 Bathinda 2.1.4.2 Rampur3- Mansa Plain Firozpur 2.1.4.2 Firozpur Plain Ludhiana 2.1.4.3 Eastern llJdhiana Plain Sangrur 21.4,3 Southern S~r,gflJf Plain Faridl(ot 21 4.3 M.... g3 Plain 2.2 Haryana Haryana 2.2,1 Eastern Haryana JiM 2.2,1.1 Na wena Plain Kamal 2.2.1 , Assandh Plain Rohtak 221 1 Maham Plain Rohtak 2.2.U Rohtak Plain Ambala 2,2.1.2 Naraingarh Plain Kurukshetra 2.21.2 Kaithal Plain JiM 2.21.2 Jind Plain Karnal 2,2.1.2 Kat flal Bhangar Sonipat 2.2.1.2 Eastern Sonipat Plain Sonipat 2.2 '.3 Western Sonipat Plam Kl'rukshetra 2.2.1.3 Bet Kurukshetra Rohtak 2,21,3 Jhajjar· Low Land Ambala 221.4 Ambala Plain 22 Haryana Haryana 2.2.2 West~rn Haryana Sirsa 2.2.21 Oabwali Plain Plain Hisar 22,2.2 Hi98f Plain 2.2.3 Southern Haryana Gurgaon 2.2 3.1 Gurgaon Plain FaridatJad 2.2 31 Faridabad Undulating Plain Fartdetbad 2.2,3,' Palwal Plain Mahendragarh 2,232 Mahendragarh Undulating Pfain Mahendragarh 2.2.33 Krishnawati Plain Gurgaon 2.2,33 Nuh-Punahana Plain Mahendragarh 223.4 Sahib; Plain SANDY PLAtN (non-desert) 2.1 Punjab Punjab 2.1 4 Punjab-Malwa Bathinda 2.14.1 Bathinda Plain Sandy Plain Faridkot 2.1.4.2 Faridkot Sandy Plain Rrozpur 214.3 AboharSandy Plain 2.3 Arid Ra}ssthan 2.3.1 Ghaggar Plain Ganganagsr 2.3,1.1 Ganganagar Raiasthan Canal region Plain 194