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Artenschutzprojekt Nachtfalter in Oberösterreich (Grundlagen, Bewertungen, Empfehlungen)

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Artenschutzprojekt Nachtfalter in Oberösterreich (Grundlagen, Bewertungen, Empfehlungen) Artenschutzprojekt Nachtfalter in Oberösterreich (Grundlagen, Bewertungen, Empfehlungen) Erwin HAUSER & Patrick GROS Birnbaum-Eule (Athetmia ambusta) 28.8.2013 Wolfern b. Steyr © E. Hauser Endbericht, Dezember 2017 Im Auftrag der Oberösterreichischen Landesregierung, Abt. Naturschutz N-2016-127413 Auftragnehmer & Bearbeiter: Bearbeiter: Mag. Dr. Erwin Hauser, TB für Biologie Mag. Dr. Patrick Gros Altenhofstr. 9, 4493 Wolfern Anton Schöpf-Weg 6/1, 5023 Salzburg [email protected] [email protected] Artenschutzprojekt Nachtfalter Oberösterreichs – Hauser & Gros 2017 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Projektziel und Leistungen ............................................................................................................................ 4 2. Auswahl der Arten ........................................................................................................................................ 4 3. Datengrundlagen ........................................................................................................................................ 35 4. Methodik zu den Artkapiteln ...................................................................................................................... 36 Lebensraum .................................................................................................................................................... 36 Gefährdungsursachen und Schlüsselfaktoren ................................................................................................ 37 Nachweismethoden ........................................................................................................................................ 37 Verwechslungsgefahr ..................................................................................................................................... 37 Potenzielle Lebensräume und Kartierungsempfehlungen ............................................................................. 37 Prioritäten für Kartierungen und Umsetzungsprojekte ................................................................................. 39 Verbreitungskarten......................................................................................................................................... 39 5. Artkapitel .................................................................................................................................................... 39 Zygaenidae: Rhagades pruni (DENIS & SCHIFFERMÜLLER 1775) – Heide-Grünwidderchen ................................ 40 Lasiocampidae: Phyllodesma ilicifolia (LINNAEUS 1758) – Weidenglucke ........................................................ 42 Brahmaeidae: Lemonia taraxaci (DENIS & SCHIFFERMÜLLER 1775) – Löwenzahn-Wiesenspinner ..................... 45 Erebidae: Catocala promissa (DENIS & SCHIFFERMÜLLER 1775) – Kleines Eichenkarmin ................................... 47 Noctuidae: Cucullia scopariae DORFMEISTER 1853 – Besenbeifuß-Mönchseule .............................................. 50 Noctuidae: Amphipyra tetra (FABRICIUS 1787) – Kohlen-Glanzeule ................................................................ 53 Noctuidae: Celaena haworthii (CURTIS 1829) – Haworths Mooreule ............................................................. 55 Noctuidae: Lamprosticta culta (DENIS & SCHIFFERMÜLLER 1775) – Schmuckeule .............................................. 57 Noctuidae: Athetmia ambusta (DENIS & SCHIFFERMÜLLER 1775) – Birnbaumeule ............................................ 59 Noctuidae: Cleoceris scoriacea (ESPER 1789) – Gebänderte Graslilieneule .................................................... 62 Noctuidae: Cosmia diffinis (LINNAEUS 1767) – Weißflecken-Ulmeneule ......................................................... 64 Noctuidae: Lithophane lamda (FABRICIUS 1787) – Gagelstrauch-Moor-Holzeule ........................................... 66 Noctuidae: Xylena exsoleta (LINNAEUS 1758) – Graue Moderholzeule ........................................................... 67 Noctuidae: Actebia praecox (LINNAEUS 1758) – Grünliche Erdeule ................................................................. 69 Noctuidae: Eugnorisma glareosa (ESPER 1788) – Graue Spätsommer-Bodeneule ......................................... 71 Noctuidae: Euxoa aquilina (DENIS & SCHIFFERMÜLLER 1775) –Getreideeule ..................................................... 73 Noctuidae: Vialophotia molothina (ESPER 1789) – Graue Heidekrauteule ..................................................... 75 Noctuidae: Coenophila subrosea (STEPHENS 1829) – Hochmoor-Bodeneule .................................................. 77 Noctuidae: Paradiarsia punicea (HÜBNER 1803) – Moorheiden-Bodeneule ................................................... 79 Noctuidae: Deltote uncula (CLERCK 1759) – Ried-Grasmotteneulchen ........................................................... 81 Seite 2 Artenschutzprojekt Nachtfalter Oberösterreichs – Hauser & Gros 2017 Geometridae: Cyclophora porata (LINNAEUS 1767) – Eichenbusch-Ringelfleckspanner ................................. 83 Geometridae: Aplocera efformata (GUENÉE1858) – Sandheiden-Johanniskrautspanner .............................. 86 Geometridae: Chesias rufata (FABRICIUS 1775) – Früher Ginsterspanner ....................................................... 88 Geometridae: Lampropteryx otregiata (METCALFE 1917) – Sumpflabkraut-Bindenspanner .......................... 90 Geometridae: Eupithecia irriguata (HÜBNER 1813) – Heller Eichen-Blütenspanner ....................................... 93 Geometridae: Eupithecia thalictrata (PÜNGELER 1902) – Wiesenrauten-Blütenspanner ............................... 96 Geometridae: Lythria cruentaria (HUFNAGEL 1767) – Ampfer-Purpurspanner ............................................... 99 Geometridae: Perizoma lugdunaria (HERRICH-SCHÄFFER 1855) – Hühnerbiss-Kapselspanner ....................... 101 Geometridae: Acasis appensata (EVERSMANN 1842) – Christophskraut-Lappenspanner ............................. 103 Geometridae: Orthonama vittata (BORKHAUSEN 1794) – Sumpflabkraut-Blattspanner ............................... 106 Geometridae: Lycia zonaria (DENIS & SCHIFFERMÜLLER 1775) – Trockenrasen-Dickleibspanner .................... 108 6. Übersicht Prioritäten und Nachweismethoden ........................................................................................ 110 7. Ausblick ..................................................................................................................................................... 111 8. Mitgelieferte digitale Daten...................................................................................................................... 112 9. Verwendete Literatur ............................................................................................................................... 113 Danksagung ...................................................................................................................................................... 118 Anhang: Abfragekriterien für die potenziellen Lebensräume .......................................................................... 119 Seite 3 Artenschutzprojekt Nachtfalter Oberösterreichs – Hauser & Gros 2017 1. Projektziel und Leistungen Die Studie erarbeitet Grundlagen für die Erhaltung besonders gefährdeter Nachtfalterarten („Macro- Heterocera“) in Oberösterreich. Sie soll als Basis für die Planung zukünftiger Freilanderhebungen und umsetzungsorientierter Folgeprojekte dienen. In Zusammenarbeit mit dem Auftraggeber werden in einem zweistufigen Verfahren Nachtfalterarten ausgewählt, deren aktuelle Situation in Oberösterreich aufgrund der verfügbarer Funddaten und unter Berücksichtigung der Roten Listen als besonders kritisch anzusehen ist. In der ersten Auswahlstufe bilden die Daten der Zobodat (Tier- und Pflanzengeografische Datenbank Österreichs, Linz) die wichtigste Quelle, in der zweiten Stufe wird die Kenntnis einer engeren Auswahl von Arten durch eine erweiterte Literaturrecherche, Expertenbefragungen und mit Hilfe weiterer Quellen vertieft. Für die engere Auwahl der Arten stehen folgende Ziele im Mittelpunkt: Klärung der naturräumlichen und vertikalen Verbreitung in Oberösterreich unter Berücksichtigung der Aktualität (vor/nach 1980) und Glaubwürdigkeit der Meldungen Abschätzung der Gefährdungsursachen Beschreibung geeigneter Erfassungsmethoden Formulierung von Maßnahmen zur Erhaltung der Populationen Empfehlungen für Kartierungsgebiete in Text und Karten auf Basis der Funde besonders nach 1980 sowie der geeigneten Lebensräume unter Berücksichtigung der Biotopkartierung und der Landschaftserhebung Oberösterreichs Geliefert werden neben dem Endbericht die Rohdaten in Form von Excel-Tabellen und GIS-Dateien (siehe Kap. 8). 2. Auswahl der Arten Unter „Nachtfalter“, traditionell als „Macro-Heterocera“ bezeichnet, fallen alle Schmetterlingsarten mit Ausnahme der Tagfalter (Papilionoidea) und der sogenannten „Kleinschmetterlinge“ (Microlepidoptera oder „Micro-Heterocera“). Für Österreich sind ca. 4.070 Schmetterlingsarten gemeldet (HUEMER 2013), für Oberösterreich ca. 2.800 (davon für OÖ 1.500 Kleinschmetterlinge). Von den 1.300 oberösterreichischen Großschmetterlingsarten entfallen rund 170 auf die Tagfalter, der Rest sind die im Projekt zu behandelnden „Nachtfalter“ (ca. 1.130 Arten). Zum Artenschutzprojekt Tagfalter in Oberösterreich siehe GROS & HAUSER (2014). Die Namen der Arten richten sich nach HUEMER (2013). Schon die Bearbeitung der Nachtfalter in den Roten Listen bildet den großen
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