Who Did Science Anyway?

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Who Did Science Anyway? Some of the Men and Women Who Shape Our Worldview Arabic Scientists • When Feudalism reduced the demand for science in Europe, scholars fled to Arabic-Islamic lands • Mathematics, Astronomy, Health and Medicine, Optics, and Chemistry flourished there during Europe’s Dark Ages Famous Arabic-Islamic Scientists • Ibn al-Shatir • Abu Ibn-Sina (Avicenna) • Ibn al-Haytham • Abu Al-Razi Arabic Astronomy Texts The Emerald Stone • Hermes Trismegistus – Legendary Founder of Alchemy The Emerald Tablet The goal of the Alchemists Translation by Isaac Newton • …Separate the Earth from the Fire, the subtle from the gross, sweetly with great industry…By this means you shall have the glory of the whole world and thereby all obscurity shall fly from you. Tools of the Alchemist Often Hidden from View Science Becomes Respectable • August the Strong and other leaders support science. Primarily for their own gain– to make porcelain Wilhelm Ostwald • Born in Riga, Latvia, in 1853 • Chemistry and Physics teacher at University of Leipzig • Pioneer in Electrochemistry • Nobel Prize 1909 The House of Energy The Home of Wilhelm Ostwald Ostwald’s Laboratory Ostwald’s Color Experiments As Explained by his Grandaughter William Perkins and the Chemistry of Dyeing • William Perkins • At the age of 18, this English youth invented the dye, Mauve. • His synthetic dye forever changed how we color fabrics Technical University of Dresden Professor Hartmann Early dyes were from plant pigments Blaise Pascal • Invented first digital calculator at age 19 • Did experiments with atmospheric pressure • Argued for the existence of vacuums • Brilliant mathematician The First Mechanical Calculator – The Pascaline Zwinger Museum – Dresden The Curies • Marie Curie Born in Poland Coined term ’’radioactivity” Discovered two new elements in pitchblende ore Nobel Prize Physics (1903) Chemistry (1911) Pierre Curie Research in magnetic effects Nobel Prize 1903 Physics Uranium came from mines in Jachimov, C.R. Uranium Ores from Jachimov, Czech Republic Mining – at the home of the thaller Radium Palace in Jachimov, C.R. Radium Palace Spa and Resort - Jachimov Tycho Brahe • Tycho Brahe: Born in Denmark The improvement of astronomy depends on accurate observation Tycho’s Books -- Strahov Library - Prague Tycho’s Observatory Uraniborg at Hven Tycho’s Math Book Tycho’s Final RestingPlace Tyn Church, Prague Johannes Kepler • Founder of celestial mechanics • Three Laws of planetary motion House of Johannes Kepler– Prague Kepler’s House Kepler’s House in Prague Christian Doppler • Born in Salzburg • Astronomy text on Binary Stars • Explained Doppler Effect for waves • Professor at the University of Vienna Albert Einstein • Born in Germany • Nobel Prize for explanation of photoelectric effect • Theory of Relativity House in Prague where Einstein played the violin Gregor Mendel • Abbot of Augustinian Monastery in Brno, C.R. • Founder of Science of Genetics Mendel’s Garden Genetics with Geodes Experiments Continue in the Spirit of Mendel Ludwig Boltzmann • Born in Vienna • Taught math and physics • Harmonized Thermodynamics and mechanics Erwin Schroedinger • Born in Vienna • Nobel Prize in 1933 For explaining wave Theory of atoms • Fled from Nazis to Dublin More Information about these men and women will come from your classmates during the third quarter..

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Europe's Favorite Chemists?
ability and on uncertainty evaluation of chemical mea- surement results. Participants can take this expertise back to their home countries and/or become regional coordinators for IMEP in their respective countries. In collaboration with EUROMET and CCQM, IMEP samples are offered for the organization of EUROMET key or supplementary comparisons and, where appro- priate, for the organization of CCQM key comparisons or pilot studies. In its role as a neutral, impartial international evalu- ation program, IMEP displays existing problems in chemical measurement. IRMM is dedicated to tackling this problem and will, where possible, collaborate with international bodies, education and accreditation au- thorities, and NMIs to achieve more reliable measure- ments and contribute to setting up an internationally structured measurement system. Ellen Poulsen (Denmark) preparing graphs for the IMEP-9 participants’ report on trace elements in water. Europe’s Favorite Chemists? Choosing Europe’s Top 100 Chemists: birth of Christ is quite forgotten in general. An addi- A Difficult Task tional irony lies in the fact that recent evidence from history, archaeology, and astronomy suggests a birthdate This article by Prof. Colin Russell (Department of His- about seven years earlier, so the real millennium came tory of Science and Technology, Open University, and went unnoticed in the early 1990s. However that Milton Keynes, England MK6 7AA, UK) was com- may be, the grand spirit of revelry and bonhomie can- missioned by Chemistry in Britain and published by not be quenched by such mundane considerations, and that magazine in Vol. 36, pp. 50–52, February 2000. celebration there shall be. Nor are societies to be left The list of Europe’s 100 distinguished chemists was behind in the general euphoria.
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