The Clivia Society www.cliviasociety.org

The Clivia Society caters for Clivia enthusiasts throughout the world. It is the umbrella body for a number of constituent Clivia Clubs and interest Groups which meet regularly in South Africa and elsewhere around the world. In addition, the Society has individual members in many countries, some of which also have their own Clivia Clubs. An annual Yearbook and quarterly Newsletters are published by the Society. For information on becoming a member and / or for details of Clivia Clubs and Interest Groups contact the Clivia Society secretary or where appropriate, the International Contacts, at the addresses listed in the inside back cover.

The objectives of the Clivia Society

1. To coordinate the interests, activities and objectives of constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; 2. To participate in activities for the protection and conservation of the genus Clivia in its natural habitat, thereby advance the protection of the natural habitats and naturally occurring populations of the genus Clivia in accordance with the laws and practices of conservation; 3. To promote the cultivation, conservation and improvement of the genus Clivia by: 3.1 The exchange and mutual dissemination of information amongst Constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; 3.2 Where possible, the mutual exchange of plants, seed and pollen amongst Constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; and 3.3 The mutual distribution of specialised knowledge and expertise amongst Constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; 4. To promote the progress of and increase in knowledge of the genus Clivia and to advance it by enabling research to be done and by the accumulation of data and dissemination thereof amongst constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; 5. To promote interest in and knowledge of the genus Clivia amongst the general public; and 6. To do all such things as may be necessary and appropriate for the promotion of the above- mentioned objectives.

More information on the Clivia Society available on www.cliviasociety.org

The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the Clivia Society or the editor. ADVERTISEMENTS

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The Clivia Society Newsletter started as a black on white news-sheet dated July 1992, numbered Volume 1 number 1, called 'Clivia Club'. It formed a means of communication for people interested in the plant genus Clivia. It was edited/written by the late Nick Primich with a frequency of 3, 5, 8 & 5 during the first 4 years, using the publication month in the volume. The frequency was fixed on four annually with Vol. 5 No 1 of March 1996. The date changed to the southern hemisphere seasons with Vol. 8 No 1 of Autumn 1999. The first three used yellow paper as cover. The name changed to 'CLIVIA CLUB NEWSLETTER' with Vol. 9 No 1 Autumn 2000 with full colour photos on the cover pages. Another name change to 'CLIVIA SOCIETY NEWSLETTER' came with Vol. 10 No 4 Summer 2000, and in 2005 reverted to a quarterly number. CLIVIA NEWS is the continuation of this series. appy birthday Auriol Battan. Thank you for all the years of creating beautiful Hbotanical artworks, including, amongst others, the drawing of the Clivia nobilis that appears on the 16c Ciskei stamp (1988). Auriol was born in 1918 in Pietermaritzburg and obtained a B.Sc. and an H.E.D. from Natal University (1937). According to a tribute to Auriol, published by the Ann Bryant Art Gallery COVER PHOTO - Sean Schickerling's in 2011, her interest in flower painting stems Splash x Tango from the encouragement of her parents and pollinating vector? One thing that certainly is two inspirational art and botany teachers at clear to me is that a huge amount of variation school. (i.e. high variance) has been produced - in a I have been wondering about the concept 'the sense one might say 'individualisation' happens future' recently from a number of perspectives: naturally. We humans then start participating, life, family, relationships, work, Clivias, amongst not only by removing 'individualised' plants others. It is interesting how different cultures from the wild (as their uniqueness attracts conceptualise time - which we get a sense of us and/or as uniqueness has value) but also from the use of language by a particular culture. by breeding and selecting for characteristics If I recall correctly Latin had six 'time buckets' we 'prefer' - further pushing the uniqueness - things were not as simple as past, present, and envelope. It would seem that often, when we future. Getting back to the future, I sometimes cross highly 'individualised' plants, we get right think of the future in a number of 'to-do list' back to the orange form - albeit now 'split' buckets like: during the next hour, today, in this for the individualised parents. In a manner, week, during the month, in the next six months, the question about where we are going is in this year, in the next two years, in the next potentially about where individualisation can five years, in ten years' time, and finally it just take us. "Make no small plans for they have no becomes one day - somewhere in the future. power to stir the soul." - Niccolo Machiavelli. We think of the things we hope for or fear in the In the process of carrying the baton from the future, the things we want or expect from the past to the future we experience the present. future, or see or need in the future. John Scully So make no small plans for your current and is quoted to have said that the future belongs to future pollinating to-do lists! those who see possibilities before they become obvious. I am looking forward to the yearly Society AGM in May, hearing about progress made in various Someone once said something along the lines of the portfolios and, most importantly, seeing of 'the past does not dictate the future, but it various friends from around the Clivia world. ▼ sets the rhyme'. If we bring this to the world of Clivia, what do we think we can infer about Joubert van Wyk the future based on our past and present Editor - Clivia News knowledge of all the Clivia forms in existence RS. Cut-off date for submissions for the that have not been 'touched' by mankind as a second Clivia News of 2013: June 15 CLIVIA SOCIETY Notice to Constituent Clivia Clubs of an Annual General Meeting of the Clivia Society to be held on Saturday, 18 May2013 at Anton van Wouw Primary School in Pretoria, South Africa

Dear Members Allow us to share information regarding the AGM of the Clivia Society to be held in Pretoria, at Anton van Wouw Primary School on Saturday, 18 May 2013: PROGRAM SATURDAY, 18 MAY 10:00 Gardenii display 13:00 Light lunch 14:00 Annual General Meeting 17:00 Refreshments 18:00 Auction All correspondence should be forwarded to the Society at one of the following addresses: Clivia Society, P O Box 74868, Lynnwood Ridge, 0040 Fax: +27 12 804 8892; Email: [email protected] CLIVIA 15. By Christo Topham, Chairperson We are in preparation for the next issue of the Clivia Yearbook. YEARBOOK CONTRIBUTIONS We need authors to submit material as the success of Clivia 15 depends on the contribution we receive from clubs and members. PHOTOGRAPHIC COMPETITION Categories: (The judges reserve the right to change this.) • C. miniata flowers (trumpet forms) • Pendulous species & Inter-specifics (tubular forms) • Novelty plants and flowers (leaf, plant or flower) • Single flower • Clivia in habitat • Clivia art photography Photos must be on a CD, and preferably separated into folders (using the respective category names). Also please send digital photos of 2012 show pictures and entries with WELL LABELLED digital photos on a CD which clearly indicate: • Grower (Full name) • Breeder (Full name) • Breeding of plant • Registered name (if applicable) • Prize awarded (if applicable) • Photographer (Full name) The articles and photos for the competition must reach Christo Topham before end of May 2013. If your Club Representative to the AGM could bring the material it will help the editor! Or post them to: Christo Topham, P O Box 54478, Ninapark, PRETORIA, 0156. ▼ Club shows 2013

By Sakkie Nel, Treasurer and Public Relation Officer

NAME OF CLUB DATES FOR 2013 TIMES VENUE ENTRANCE FEES CONTACT PERSON/S Longwood Gardens 9-10 March 2013 Saturday: Longwood Gardens, Fee of Alan Petravich NACS Guest speaker: 12:00-17:00 1001 Longwood Road Longwood apetravich@ Tony Barnes Sunday: Kennett Square, PA US Gardens Payable longwoodgardens.org CLIVIA SHOW & PLANT SALES 12:00-17:00 Huntington Gardens 16-17 March 2013 Saturday: The Huntington Library, Art $10,00 to Norm Nakanishi NACS 10th ANNUAL CLIVIA SHOW 10:30-16:30 Collections & Botanical Gardens, $20,00 Fee of [email protected] San Marino - California & SALE Sunday: 1151 Oxford Rd. Huntington Guest speaker: Tony Barnes 10:30-16:30 San Marino,C A USA Gardens Payable Japanese Clivia Society 31 March 2013 Sunday Mitsuhashi farm TBD HMitsuhashi or Mr Sasahi KwaZulu Natal 11 May 2013 Saturday: Kloof Town Hall R10,00 per John H: 083 660 1275 Clivia Club Gardenii 9:00-15:00 Old Main Road Kloof person over Angie S: 083 452 8451 Pietermaritzburg SHOW & PLANT SALES 12 years old ValT: 072 464 5212 Northern Clivia Club 18 May 2013 Saturday: Anton van Wouw Primary School, No Charge Marlene T: 082 799 4746 Pretoria with AGM of Gardenii 10:00-13:00 C/o Dey & Lange Streets, Society DISPLAY & AUCTION New Muckleneuk Lowveld Clivia Club 27 July 2013 Saturday: Lowveld Botanical Garden- R15,00 Maria G: 083 475 1176 Nelspruit Interspecific Clivia & Miniata 9:00-13:00 Environ. Educ. Centre-on R40 road Paul K: 079 493 1719 without flowers to White River Greg J: 083 702 3452 SHOW & MARKET Northern Clivia Club 20 July 2013 Saturday: S A Police Forensic Lapa No Charge Marlene T: 082 799 4746 Pretoria INTERSPECIFIC CLIVIA SHOW 10:00-13:00 Pretoria Road, Silverton KwaZulu Natal 20 July 2013 Saturday: Kloof Town Hall R10,00 per ValT: 072 464 5212 Clivia Club Interspecific Clivia 09:00-15:00 Old Main Road, Kloof person over John H: 083-660 1275 Pietermaritzburg SHOW & PLANT SALES 12 years old Northern KwaZulu Natal 31 August 2013 Saturday: Waterside, Newcastle No Charge A J G Everson: Interest Group New CLIVIA SHOW & PLANT SALES 09:00-16:00 On the N11 to Ladysmith 082 373 4620 Castle Bosveld Clivia Int. Group 31 August 2013 Saturday: Genl. Piet Joubert Hoerskool, R15,00 per Willem N: 082 879 8305 Polokwane CLIVIA SHOW & PLANT SALES 08:30-16:00 Groblerstraat, Polokwane person over Madeleine N: 082 899 1287 18 years Vryheid Clivia Int. Group 7 September 2013 Saturday: New Republic School, c/o Utrecht No Charge Leon van Rooyen; Vryheid CLIVIA SHOW & STALLS 09:00-15:00 & Republic Streets, Vryheid 082 886 8197 Northern Clivia Club 7-8 September 2013 Saturday: Anton van Wouw Primary School, R15.00 per Christo T: 082 497 5879 Pretoria CLIVIA SHOW, 09:00-16:30 C/o Dey & Lange Streets, New person over MARKET & AUCTION Sunday: Muckleneuk 12 years old 09:00-14:00 Lowveld Clivia Club 7-8 September 2013 Saturday: Lowveld Botanical Garden- R15.00 per Maria G: 083 475 1176 Nelspruit CLIVIA SHOW & MARKET 09:00-17:00 Environ. Educ. Centre-on R40 road person over Paul K: 079 493 1719 Sunday: to White River 12 years old Greg J: 083 702 3452 09:00-15:00 Cape Clivia Club 7-8 September 2013 Saturday: Sanlam Hall, Kirstenbosch Gate entry fee John W: 082 575 7202 Cape Town CLIVIA DISPLAY & PLANT SALES 9:00-17:00 Botanical Garden, Newlands of Kirstenbosch Ian B: 021 689 3901 14-15 September 2013 Sunday: CLIVIA DISPLAY & PLANT SALES 09:00-16:00 Northern Free State Clivia 7-8 September 2013 Saturday: Technical College R10.00 per Hannes v R: 083 367 71 13 Club - Welkom CLIVIA SHOW 08:00-16:00 Welkom person over 057 388 1562 MARKET Sunday: 12 years 09:00-13:00 Free State Clivia Club 14 September 2013 CLIVIA SHOW, Saturday: Sand du Plessis Secondary School, R10.00 per Jan S: 051 522 5514 Bloemfontein STALLS & TEA GARDEN 8.00-15.00 Curie Avenue, Bloemfontein. person 083-257 5151 Children R5.00 Hennie v d M: 051 522 9530 083-51 1 9519 KwaZulu Natal Clivia 14-15 September 2013 CLIVIA Saturday: Royal Show Grounds R10.00 per Val T: 072 464 5212 Club, Pietermaritzburg SHOW & PLANT SALES 09:00-15:30 Pietermaritzburg person over 031 763 5736 Sunday : 12 years old John H: 083 660 1275 09:00-15:00 Joburg Clivia Club 14-15 September 2013 CLIVIA Saturday: Garden World Nursery, M5 Beyers R10.00 per Bram: 011 475 2586 Johannesburg SHOW & SALES 08:30-17:00 Naude Drive, Muldersdrift person over Glynn M: 082 650 1463 Sunday: 12 years old Glynn Even: 011 476 1463 08:30-16:00 Toowoomba Clivia 20 - 25 September 2013 Friday to Toowoomba TAFE Entry is free Eileen Zahnow: 0754656565 Society, Inc ANNUAL CLIVIA SHOW & Wednesday Horticultural Collage Mobile:0413136861 PLANT SALE 09:00-17:00 Lindsay St.Toowoomba or Brian Steven: brianmerle@ TCS each day QUEENSLAND, Australia ozemail.com.au Melbourne Clivia 21 September 2013 Saturday: Uniting Church, c/o Burwood Entry is free MCG secretary 0410 929 510 Group, Inc CLIVIA EXPO 10:00-16:00 Hwy & Blackburn Rd, Burwood email: secretary@ MCG VICTORIA, Australia melbournecliviagroup.org.au R 10.00 per Mike C: 083-651 0937 KZN Clivia Club 21 September 2013 Saturday; Kloof Town Hall, Old Main Road person over Val T: 031-763 5736 Highway Interest Group Clivia SHOW & PLANT SALES 09:00-15:00 Kloof 12 years old 072-464 5212 Kloof R 15.00 per Joy W: 021-671 7384 Cape Clivia Club 21 - 22 September 2013 Saturday: Tygerberg Valley Centre, Durban person over Clayton J: 083-267 7206 Bellville, Cape Town CLIVIA SHOW & PLANT SALES 09:00-17:00 Road, Bellville Sunday: 12 years old 09:00-16:00 R10.00 per Willie le R: 041-360 3480 Eastern Province Clivia 21-22 September 2013 Saturday: Sherwood Garden Centre, person over Tienie W: 073 964 8063 Club - Port Elizabeth CLIVIA SHOW, AUCTION, 08:30-17:00 Walker Drive, Sherwood, STALLS & TEA GARDEN Sunday: Port Elizabeth 12 years old 08:30-14.00 To be decided Glenn M: 071 421 7812 Border Clivia Interest 28- 29 September 2013 Saturday: Pioneer Nursery, Gonubie Peter M: 083 463 6229 Group, East-London SHOW & CLIVIA MARKET 09:00-16:00 Sunday: 09:00-12:30 R 10.00 per Felicity.W: 078 710 9485 Overberg Clivia Interest 27 - 28 September 2013 Friday: Round Hall, Dutch Reform Church, person over Felicity W: 028 316 3092 Group, Hermanus CLIVIA SHOW & SALES 09:00-17:00 Hermanus Central, - Opposite to Saturday: Absa Bank 12 years old 09:00-16:00 Gate entry fee John W: 082 575 7202 Cape Clivia Club 28 - 29 September 2013 Saturday: Sanlam Hall, Kirstenbosch of Kirstenbosch Ian B: 021 689 3901 Cape Town CLIVIA DISPLAY 9:00-17:00 Botanical Garden, Newlands Sunday: 09:00-16:00 R 10.00 per Ida Esterhuizen: Garden Route Clivia Club 28 - 29 September 2013 Saturday: Outeniqua Primary School, c/o person School 072 613 6066 George CLIVIA SHOW 08:00-17:00 Cradock & Cathedral St. George Sunday: pupils free 08:00-15:00 No Charge Alick McLennan New Zealand Clivia Club 5 October 2013 Saturday: Auckland Botanic Gardens 09-5213062 Auckland CLIVIA SHOW & STALLS 09:00-15:00 Hill Road, Manurewa No Charge Jude Shapland New Zealand Clivia Club 6 October 2013 Sunday: Plant Struck Nursery 07-5520661 Tauranga CLIVIA SHOW & STALLS 13:00-16:00 Te Puna Road, Te Puna No Charge Tony Barnes New Zealand Clivia Club 12 October 2013 Saturday: Knox Church Hall, 524 Devon St 06-7527873 New Plymouth CLIVIA SHOW & STALLS 10:00-15.00 East, Fitzroy, New Plymouth CLIVIA BREEDING Some thoughts on Clivia breeding

By Charl Malan

acquired my love for plants from my parents The results have inspired me even more, and this who were large garden gardeners and is my pet project. who loved and grew South African plants, The late Mick Dower, who was editor of the Clivia especiallyI the Fynbos and of course Clivias in Yearbook for a number of years, encouraged large swathes. me to research Gladys Blackbeard, a one time My first Clivia was a garden orange which I resident of Grahamstown where I have lived dug up on our farm in Patensie in 1978 when with my family for 28 years. This opened up a at the University of Port Elizabeth. I planted it whole new world for me and led to a number in an asbestos pot and kept it outside our flat of articles on various aspects of her life and was where it flowered profusely every year. After followed by the further work done by Greig my graduation, I took it back to the farm, broke Russel and others. (Clivia 12 P. 35) the pot and planted it back in exactly the same Visits by many breeders and enthusiasts to spot whence it came. There was not a gram of Clivia nobilis habitat, have brought me into soil left in the pot, only a solid root mass. contact with friends from all over the world In 1993, on the recommendation of Graham and inspired me to find and visit populations Duncan (SANBI), I started corresponding with all over the Eastern Cape. Another great joy Mr. Yoshikazu Nakamura. We exchanged much for me has been my involvement with the Clivia material and the plants grown from his Eastern Cape Clivia Club and their meetings seed, still form the core of my collection. and shows. My personal favourites are the Interspecific Apart from multiple show winners in PE over hybrids, Ghosts, Group 2 yellow hybrids and the years, I have also been fortunate to be Greens and Reds. awarded Best on Show in East London, Cape After visiting him in Japan (Clivia 5 P. 83), I was Town and of all places, Johannesburg! In 2011 motivated to hybridize C. nobilis with all the we had our 1st cold winter in seven years different types of variegated Clivia. (Clivia7 P. 45) and the Clivia flowered 6 weeks earlier than usual. This allowed me to travel to Joburg to show. My success is a tribute to the quality of the Nakamura material in my breeding programme. The challenges encountered by Clivia growers have come my way also:

Emerarudo Emerarudo Ghost no. 2

- Too many seedlings to transplant in limited space. I am only now forcing myself to cull (after 20 years!) - Pests and diseases of all descriptions - Visitors at all times of the day and night - the family has a book of stories about this - Flop photos - wait for next year. However, the joy Clivia has given me outweighs this by far and I am still in awe when each flowering season dawns, with the excitement of seeing new hybrids. My pride and joy in 2012 was Emerarudo (Emerald in Japanese), a hybrid of [TK original x Hirao] x Charls Green. My most successful and satisfying breeding has been with the Ghosts. All my original Ghost material is split for Vico Yellow (heterozygous) so apart from producing superb Ghosts from the pigmented plants, you also obtain quality yellows. See photo of Le-ne named for my wife. It is one of my better Ghost crossings. My latest project involved breeding superior pink Ghosts using Vico Peach. The results are eagerly awaited. The other project which should start producing flowers in 2013 is the one involving Interspecific no. 62 Chari's green and Vico Yellow/Vico Peach. Le-ne

No 16 Emma Charlotte No 54 Charls Green x Vico Peach

Yellow C. Nobilis The main aim is to produce large green flowers town/province with the superior Vico Characteristics. 6. Buy good quality seed from reputable The best advice I can offer to any young person growers. This is still the cheapest way to get who wants to become a serious Clivia Grower started is to: 7. Have PATIENCE. You cannot buy it 1. Get to know the Clivia groups and their 8. Have clear-cut goals of what you want to genetic makeup achieve 2. Get a basic working knowledge of genetics 9. Get lots of space and semi shade. 3. Study the work already produced by the As more breeding results between Clivia groups Clivia community become available. I made a point of acquiring 4. Understand the power of pollen (you can get plants split for both group 1 and 2. This allows some by smelling the flowers at the show) one to select both ways and then one cannot 5. Befriend helpful club members in your own wait to see the results. ▼

Max Mackay Australian Clivia breeder and the 'Shirley Hardman' strain

By Sean Schickerling

have had the privilege of meeting Max Clivia worlds lesser known Clivia masters a retired Mackay for the first time two years ago nurseryman, orchid grower and plant lover. He also a gracious human being with a love for has a keen eye for flower arrangements and loves Igrowing plants. Max Mackay is one of the showing his chooks. Max has a unique Clivia

New Dawn Max's Clivia collection had a simple start and back then not much was known about breeding clivias. Max did not know of anyone else breeding clivias and at the time wanted to increase his Clivia collection. He wanted to tap into the genetics and see what would happen when he bred the plants with each other. Max started breeding clivias in 1963 almost 50 years ago, after buying out a nursery that was going out of business. In the collection were two orange clivias of unknown origin. One had flowers which were "upright" and one had flowers which were reflexed. Max says that neither was particularly remarkable. Anyone breeding Clivia knows that patience is a key requirement for success Max was in no hurry back then just going along breeding his Clivia. The breeding project began by crossing the two clivias and he selected for size, shapes Shirley Hardman Big X Shirley Hardman Splash and variations in colour in the subsequent generations. He did not push them and they took about 5 years to flower. collection his clivias has outstanding colouration and size. They are a step apart from many other The resulting F1 hybrids were all orange-flowered Australian collections. not much better than their parents. He only kept

Shirley Hardman Spalsh Shirley Hardman Splash X Big (Max)

Shirley Hardman X Good Shape (Max Best Shape) Shirley Hardman a few he liked and sold the rest at his nursery. plants Max used, can be seen is some of the Max decided to keep improving the seedlings current offspring. he kept and he intercrossed the F1 generation. Clivias never cease to surprise and always dish The F2 flowered orange again with some up a new surprise just when you least expect variation and slightly better flower shape again it. he kept the best ones and sold the rest. Crosses From the same line as the Shirley Hardman were made between the best orange seedlings strain unusual seedlings emerged from the from the F2 generation. breeding program. These flowered a few years Max kept on crossing the siblings and selecting after Shirley Hardman. Two of these are Splash the best flowers. These crosses resulted in and Big and they are as spectacular as Shirley plants with large orange flowers and better Hardman. This led to a new selection goals. than the original orange-flowering parents. Max has crossed SH Splash x SH Big with some Many of the progeny had outstanding flower amazing results. The seedlings seem to keep form and size. The best one of these Max kept the splash trait with big yellow/white centres. aside. Some other plants Max kept aside and named Max's assistant and good friend helped him are Good Shape, Nice Type, Big, Splash and at his nursery. She watered and cared for his Streaky. plants. She loved one plant in particular, the Max is still breeding clivias just on a smaller Clivia Max put aside. When she suddenly passed scale. Max has been very generous and has away, Max decided to name the Clivia after her: shared some of his offsets and seedlings with Shirley Hardman. The Shirley Hardman strain has fellow Clivia breeders. Shirley Hardman has a offspring with big bold flowers, long petals or known track record for producing offspring flowers with shorter overlapping petals and big which are outstanding. The offspring always yellow/white centres. resemble Shirley Hardman in some way being The reflex petal trait from the original two it flower shape size splash petals or a large Splash X Big (2)

Splash X Big (3) Splash X Big (5)

Splash X Big (6) Splash X Big white throat. Even after all this breeding there from some of the modern strains. He should be is still variation in the strain, who knows what recognised as one of the great Australian Clivia breeding with more modern strains will dish pioneers. I just wanted to say "I love your work up? Shirley Hardman Splash X Roly's Chiffon? Mate"! Max has definitely bred some outstanding Clivia Shirley Hardman Splash had the opportunity of strains. So this is all Max's work, derived from mixing "blood lines" with another Clivia icon limited genetic material, without any influence Tango. ▼

The resulting seedling is called Chiquitita. (Splash X Tango = Chiquitita) Results of crosses with my first two picotees

By Carrie Kruger Utopia Clivias

y first two picotee type plants came was not in flower, but I had saved pollen from out of a batch of mixed hybrids that the previous year. I pollinated Luke's plant with Mwere bought in from a wholesale Carrie's Picotee pollen and hooray, a great seed nursery in 2004. set this time. A lot of these seeds were sold to Carrie's Picotee was the first to flower in 2004 collectors around the world and some of them and although it had smallish flowers, the colours were grown to flowering size by us. were at that time very unusual. It was an instant The seedlings that were green stemmed, turned attraction at the first Garden Route show we out to be yellows. This was proof that these had in 2004. Although I did not show the plant, plants were split for yellow when crossed with I took it and put it on display for the public. At each other. The pigmented seedlings on the that time, picotee type flowers were still very other hand were beautiful picotee type flowers rare and this one caught the attention of many of all shapes and sizes. Some had more picotee collectors. Unfortunately I had nothing similar to colouring than others. A lot of the original cross this plant with and I ended up selfing it, buyers of these seeds, have e-mailed me results with a poor seed set result. and photos of their flowers. In 2005, my son Luke spotted a similar coloured I have been doing some F1 sibling crosses with flower between those hybrids and we named these plants as well as pollinating them with it Luke's Picotee. It won best in the unusual other picotee type flowers of which the results colour class at both the EP and Garden Route will only show in a year or two. That is what shows. It was more of a bi-colour, but still makes growing clivias such an exciting hobby. the closest I had to cross with Carrie's Picotee. With thanks to Jim Black, Hugh Bollinger and That year, as luck would have it, Carrie's Picotee Jim Mc Dermott. ▼

Carrie's Picotee 2005 Davil Olsen Picotee

LC Picotee Luke's Picotee Lukie's Picotee x Carrie's Picotee Jim Black

Lukie Picotee x Carrie Picotee 1 Lukie Picotee x Carrie Picotee 2

Lukie Picotee x Carrie Picotee 3 b Lukie Picotee x Carrie Picotee 3 a

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By Helen Marriott

ver the coming issues this year, I will C. x cyrtanthiflora) have been the mainstays of briefly introduce a sample of Clivia the flowering Clivia. Alongside the occasional C. Owhich have flowered in Melbourne, caulescens or C. miniaa, it is these interspecifics Australia during the preceding months for the which regularly flower at this time, although purpose of illustrating how we can have buds, in smaller numbers than during the winter flowers and berries throughout all the year. months. When grown in pots, we are able to utilize Figures 1 to 3 show a selection of C. miniata x C. Clivia as decorative plants in our homes during caulescens hybrids which flowered during these their flowering periods and have a non-stop two months (with the date of the photograph display of their flowers. I also find it convenient shown as year, month and day). These three to pollinate plants inside, thus it serves a dual plants have different colouration patterns in purpose. the inner flowers, with Fig. 2 being much more January and February are the second and third yellow (suggesting that it is perhaps an F2 or official months of summer in Australia, and else crossed with yellow miniata a second time), these have been hot and dry months here in while the flower in Fig. 3 has a cream border Melbourne for the start of 2013. During this around the inner tepals. All three, however, time and at a latitude of 38 and longitude of exhibit roundish inner tepals. Some of these 145 (cf. Johannesburg 26 and 28, and Cape interspecifics are very large plants. For instance, Town 33 and 18 respectively), C. caulescens as the plant in Fig. 3 stands 103cm tall from the well as nobilis interspecific hybrids (including top of the pot to the tip of the tallest leaf and

Fig. 1 C. miniata x caulescens 'Hoop' 2013 01 06 Fig. 2 C. miniata x caulescens 2013 02 18

Fig. 3 C. miniata x caulescens 2013 02 26 Fig. 4 C. x cyrtanthiflora in garden 2013 01 10

Fig. 5 C. miniata yellow x nobilis 2013 01 27 has leaves 7-8cm wide. C. nobilis interspecific hybrids feature in Figures 4 to 6, and include C. x cyrtanthiflora which is found among a clump in the garden and which flowers periodically throughout the year. In comparison with the caulescens interspecific hybrids, they are somewhat more pendulous with slightly longer, narrower flowers. Also, different shades of the flowers can be seen Fig. 5, which appears to be a feature of nobilis interspecific hybrids. I have also noted that all except one of the interspecific hybrids which have flowered during this period also flowered in winter last year, with most of them carrying a few berries, some of which were purposefully pollinated. ▼ Fig. 6 C. m inata x nobilis variegated 2013 02 10

RELATED Jozua does it 'clivia style'

By Sue Kloeck

ne of the youngest Lowveld Clivia Club's There were clivias on all the tables in the members, Jozua le Roux, especially reception hall and an impressive Clivia display chose the beginning of spring for his donned the table of the bride and groom. O Other decor specifications included hearts wedding date to his beautiful bride-to-be, Maryna. They unanimously agreed to choose centred with single Clivia flowers. In memory of the joyous occasion all the guests were given a packet clivias as the main floral decoration for the of Clivia seeds to take home and plant while some occasion. lucky couples were also able to take home an Orange clivias lined the carpeted aisle to the assortment of Clivia plants that were used to adorn wedding pergola in the beautiful surroundings the garden. of Hulala Lodge near White River. Jozua chose an orange green throated corsage for himself The inscription on the seed packet was: Thank and his groomsmen. He chose yellow for the you. Please plant these seeds and make them bouquets of the bridesmaids. For his wife a bloom. With love from the Bride and Groom. specially ornamented bouquet of peach, (his We hope that Clivia enthusiasts throughout wife's favourite colour), surrounded by yellow South Africa and abroad will, likewise, promote and orange clivias. The entire bridal party had this spectacularly beautiful flower for suitable yellow or peach Clivia corsages. occasions. ▼

A Support for a Clivia

By Richard Austen

t the first Clivia Show that I attended in told me that he was giving a demonstration on Pretoria in 1995 hosted by the Northern how to divide Clivias and offered to demonstrate. AClivia Club one of the stall holders was a Within seconds there was 7 or 8 people gathered plants-man and a Clivia grower. He had a large around. Clivia plant with 6 or 7 offshoots / suckers on a He pointed out the meristem and how a stalk table. All the roots had been carefully washed so grows out of the meristem to form a new that there was just a huge mass of vegetation plant some distance away. Leaves grow up and on the table. roots grow down and a completely new plant "Shame on you !" I said. "Why are you allowing is created separate yet attached to the mother this poor Clivia to die with no soil and water plant via this umbilical cord. First he checked if around the roots?" there were enough leaves and also that there He laughed at me and said that there was little would be enough roots and then by cutting chance of that happening as the Clivia would be through the umbilical cord with a sharp knife a quite happy out of the soil for a few days. He separation was made. ▼ T hen he did something very wise. He cut off a big plant in a few years and, if you are careful the 2 lower leaves on each side leaving them and lucky, it is just possible that the mother about 100 to 120mm above the growing point plant could be persuaded to grow a new set of advising not to pull these leaves off because roots for itself. support for the 3rd and 4th leaves would The Way Forward: disappear and they would droop and, in turn, When the division has been finalised wash the invite being pulled off - where would it all stop! cuts with water from the hosepipe. Let the He did this claiming that the leaves and roots washed cuts dry in the sun for 2 or 3 hours. Yes were more in balance. I know but I assure you they won't die or even After that he presented the new plant to me shrivel just a little bit. and it still grows among my plants. It bears For the plant with no roots prepare a pot with the name Mahalla (a free gift). Nothing special pieces of old clay pot or broken roof tile covering except the memory. the drain holes at the bottom of the pot (see What that man didn't tell me was that not all photo). This will prevent the drainage holes from offshoots are that easy to divide. Sometimes blocking up. Next make two A frame supports 4 or more plants grow directly out of the using the roll of wire in the workshop (see meristem and if you wish to divide them then photo). I found that single wire stem supports the meristem itself has to be divided. I find are just not sturdy enough for this task. Each A that this is not very difficult as long as you do a frame should have two curls on the ends of the little planning beforehand and you must have wire acting as feet to be able to stand directly a fairly large, sharp knife. You have to try and on top of the broken drainage clay, to provide make the cut so that the meristem is shared resistance in the soil and the top of the A should equally and of course the roots should be reach up to just above the central leaves of the shared as equally as possible without cutting plant. too many of the nearby roots off. Most of the time this all goes to plan but just occasionally, Fill up the pot with your Clivia potting mix I'm not sure if it is due to my carelessness or leaving a space between the two A frames for whether the plant decides to dice with death, the Clivia. For this I prefer a bark based compost but equal sharing of the bits and pieces is not which is sterile, drains well but retains a bit of an option. moisture and remains loose over extended periods of time. Some people make use of Invariably things go wrong when I deviate from sharp river sand for this rooting exercise. I have the plan. Almost always this happens when I tried river sand and feel that it retains too much am halfway through the cut and I stop to have water and keeps the meristem too damp. Both a rest and assess the situation from the other methods have worked for me but I feel more side. At this time I often have the thought that confident about the bark compost. Perhaps a "Gee, this cut is more difficult than expected. mixture of the two would be good to try. Let me prize open the cut a little so the knife will move better." Or "Oh , the cut is nearly With the cuts dry (and treated if you are through and if I prize the. two halves apart the paranoid about fungus) replant the Clivia meristem will continue to split along the line between the two A frames in your chosen of the cut." If you try these manoeuvres the mixture no deeper than it was planted before. meristem will always break where you least All that remains to be done is to clamp the expect it to. plant in position using a few pieces of string (not too tight)(see picture). If you are lucky both parts will contain leaves, meristem and roots but more than once it At first use plain water once a day to keep has happened to me that the small offset is the mixture moist. After a month or two try attached to ALL the roots and the big mother feeding it with a very WEAK solution of your plant has none at all. This is a big setback. You favourite liquid fertiliser. Be careful not to burn must remind yourself at this time that at least those new tender rootlets. the little plant with all the roots will grow into If the plant does not look healthy gently dig it up, inspect, clean if necessary, replant and plant. Don't throw the roots away. Plant them then wait. An activity that Clivia growers seem with the meristem flush with the surface of the to know about. It is quite possible that in one soil. If you are lucky it will sprout a few new hand you will have a Clivia with no roots while stems. So don't throw anything away until you in the other hand you have the roots with no are sure that it is dead. ▼

CLIVIA PLACES

The Ngome debacle

By Wayne Haselau

absolutely love pendulous clivias. Like most of admitting so is common knowledge. I love things they are not created equal and some not only collecting clivias but it is the fabulous forms are definitely superior to others from gamble involved with the breeding aspect of Ia breeding perspective and the discerning these wonderful plants that spurs me on. My cliviaphiles eye. It is important to realise that pendulous collection is comprehensive and it from natures perspective these differences are all began with Clivia nobilis. a merely a morphological manifestation of Clivia nobilis grows wild in close proximity to genetic diversity and this variation is the sign of my home and nursery Wild Coast Clivias at a healthy population. It is their very uniqueness Morgan Bay in the Eastern Cape. The collection that make the Ngome pendulous clivias so has grown rapidly and now includes many interesting. wonderful clones of all the known pendulous That I am a Clivia fanatic and no longer shy Clivia species as well as a good collection of coastal C. miniata from the Transkei region. in Yearbook 7 just spurred me on and since The first time I set eyes on a pendulous Ngome then I have made a yearly pilgrimage to these Clivia in full bloom in the wonderful Clivia wonderful plants and their habitat. collection of Fred van Niekerk (late) of Pretoria, Fred introduced me to Louis Lӧtter from I was quite literally gob-smacked. What struck Vryheid and Louis and I have become firm me was how different it looked from any other friends. Louis is passionate about Clivia and Clivia I had seen up to then and it was quite he and I have undertaken many trips together simply love at first sight. Brian Tarr's great to the local Ngome habitats in his area. While article on the then known forms of C. gardenii on these trips I have taken literally hundreds Gem's Gar Ngome Y of photographs of plants in the wild in an attempt not only to document the habitat but also to try and gain a better understanding of this magnificent type in situ!? There are large colonies of Clivia miniata in the same area but I am unaware if they grow together in any of these localities. The fact that they interbreed in the wild is highly likely as a well-known and very special habitat interspecific known as Squebezi Bicolour was reportedly collected from the Ngome area. Looking at the photos and working with the plants makes Gem's Golden Renaissance it patently obvious that this material is good, often superb - no other Clivia look quite like it. They are simply unique, so unique in fact that on a visit to Japan and while roaming through one of Shigetaka Sasaki's large greenhouses I came across a plant in bloom and more than 50 meters away it was obvious that it was a Ngome. All of this and we have a fundamental problem - the plant is described in the literature as simply C. gardenii var. citrina and what's more it has remained pigeonholed like this for a long time. It is patently not a C. gardenii, it is in fact more difficult to separate Clivia robusta from Clivia gardenii on morphology Gem's Green Glory alone than it is to separate Clivia gardenii from the habitat and in my collection and this has been Ngome pendulous plants. The tendency to corroborated by both Louis Lӧtter and Francois epiphytism, the absolutely characteristic floral van Rooyen who is the undisputed authority morphology, growth form and leaf shape, on gardenii and who has the largest living flower colours and a very different flower time collection of Ngomes. (It was Francois who all point to it being a undescribed species with in fact first started calling this form a species closer affinities to Clivia caulescens than Clivia some time back and who has also questioned gardenii. the validity of the current taxonomic status of The flowering time is almost always July in the this plant.) on geography alone. When one adds to this all its other unique characteristics previously discussed it seems hard to draw any other conclusion. The genetic studies are currently being done and we can only hope that work is being done on the plants specifically from this area as well. I am sure that these studies will find that this pendulous group of plants i.e. the Ngomes are in fact distinct and warrant reclassification, the taxonomic promotion they so richly deserve. The Ngome forest region is unique floristically and is undisputedly a bio-diversity hotspot in all respects. For instance it is believed to be the geographical centre for the evolution of the genus Streptocarpus those lovely Clivia companion plants. The forests in this area feel ancient and look so similar to parts of the coastal Transkei that I always get a feeling of Deja-vu when visiting. That this area was once part of a much broader vast forested region is Gem's Ngome Tricolour not disputed, however the Ngome forest is a relictual remnant that has remained isolated All these facts as well as the recent F1 breeding geographically for a long period of time and it successes using this plant as a parent point to this long period of isolation that has allowed its uniqueness. These primary interspecific its associated Clivia to evolve in a unique way crosses created initially by Brian Tarr using much as the C. robusta did in Pondoland. Watkins yellow as the miniata parent and the more recent successes of Val Thurston and I believe the fact that the Ngomes pendulous Francois van Rooyen are unexpectedly good have red or orange berries, even in the for an F1 hybrid and this can only mean the yellowest of the forms, is an advanced trait. wild pendulous parent (Ngome) has strong The plants have been isolated for such a long and distinctive genes which results in this period of time that they have been able to extreme hybrid vigour. produce through the evolutionary selection process red or bright orange berries, which My feelings are and this is based on intense are the most visible in forest under low scrutiny by myself and others is that we are light conditions. The frugivores mainly forest dealing with a distinct geographical taxon birds, such as Bulbuls and turacos (loeries) intermediate between C. gardenii and C. and possibly some rodents/monkeys are most caulescens. After all, to date all other pendulous likely to see berries in the red or orange species have been described more or less as light spectrum. Other forest lilliacae such as geographical taxons ie C. robusta found only Haemanthus albiflos and Scadoxus species all in the Pondoland centre of endemism, Clivia nobilis the southernmost species in the Albany have bright red berries. centre etc. The Ngome region is somewhat Now that I have thrown the cat proverbially isolated geographically and fits snugly in amongst the pigeons I feel it time to withdraw. between the northernmost end of the typical I plan to sit back and let the taxonomists get gardenii range and that of the start of the C. on with it however I hope that they take note caulescens range. So from the point of view of of the points made in this article and that it a geographical taxon it's actually a no-brainer spurs someone on to make a re-assessment of and could be described as a species purely the this very special Clivia THE NGOME. ▼ Babylonstoren Clivia Walk - a 'must see'!

By Roger C Fisher

nowing of my particular Clivia penchant at Babylonstoren, an architectural gem and my architect friends, on a recent early landscaping marvel. The Mick Dower Clivia col­ KOctober visit to the Cape, all alerted me lection is a recent addition to the Babylonstoren to the spectacular display of Clivia in bloom collection (see Clivia News 21-2; pp. 20-21, also

The Puff Adder - a vaulted tunnel timber Clivia Folly at Babylonstoren with the Mick Dower and Jim Holmes Clivia cultivar display A Clivia feast for the eye

Donovan Blaauw charged with the care of the Mick Dower Clivia collection of Babylonstoren http://blog.babylonsto- ren.com/2012/09/20/ clivia-month-update/), started with a dona­ tion of thousands of plants by Hans Roos of Sandton to his sis­ ter Karen Roos of Babylonstoren. Dower Clivias in terra-cotta pots are displayed in an undulating tim­ ber slat vaulted shade house made of euca­ lyptus laths, known as the 'Puff Adder', which is a 70 meter tunnel curving through and around huge euca­ lyptus trees through which one glimpses the swathes of under- planting of Clivias A meal in the Glasshouse. Not only Clivias, but fresh proviant from the alongside the stream garden and some a little more fermented!

Literally - banks of clivias It is as extravagant an architectural Clivia folly yellow, peach, orange to deep red. as you will find, especially built for the purpose. I twice did the walk through the tunnel and The plants are in the charge of Donovan Blaauw, down the paths alongside the stream, across who takes particular pride in and has developed the bridge with an ingenious drop down seat a passion for these plants. The expertise of Mick's lifted by a nifty counterweight, breaking for a close Clivia comrade, John Winters, was called in picnic style baguette and fillings with wine in the to assist with the preparation and display of the nearby glass house, tucked away in a far corner. Mick Dower collection, shown to perfection in As befits plants of long breeding, these plants beautiful terra-cotta pots marked with the culti- of Hans Roos that form the planted scheme are var names on especially prepared slate labels. not common or garden oranges but a stunning This year they invited the local Clivia breeder array and variety of colour and form, many of Jim Holmes from Stellenbosch to augment the which would grace the halls of the best Clivia exhibit with his selections of his cultivars in the shows, but there in all their glory as garden Puff Adder - miniatures, variegated leaves and plants for all to enjoy, and hopefully attract a different shaped flower heads varying from new generation into the Clivia circle. ▼

CLIVIA CLUBS & INTEREST GROUPS

Wow! EPCC is 10 years old

By Willie Le Roux

he Eastern Cape Clivia Interest Group was formed on 13 November 1999 when JohnT Winter, Toy Jennings, Claude Felbert and Joy Woodward from the Cape Clivia Club attended the inauguration meeting in Port Elizabeth. The first committee and support members consisted of Chari Coetzee as Chairman, Fred Gibello, Welland Cowley, Peter and Wilma Blake, Annetjie Smith, Perry Notley, Trix Jordaan, Bobby Webber and Wim and Theresa Bothma. This group was so keen and energetic that they held their first very successful Clivia show in September to members. The committee also decided to 2000 with Fred Gibello as show organizer. award those who were members in 2002 The Interest Group grew at a healthy pace and and were still with the club in 2012 (35 on 20 April 2002 Club status was approved in total) with 10th Anniversary Certificates by the Society and the Eastern Province Clivia of appreciation for continuous membership Club was born. The club grew from strength and support to the club. Amongst those to strength and achieved building up a strong honoured were the three previous Chairmen, membership and having successful shows Charl Coetzee, Willie Le Roux and Andre Calitz throughout the years that followed. (L - R on photo). To celebrate it's 10 year existence, wines, We extend our sincere wishes to all those coffee mugs and pens, all with the club's honoured members to enjoy many more emblem, were made available as souvenirs blessed and healthy years with the club. ▼ Lowveld Clivia Club hosts 9th Annual Show

By Chris Welgemoed

he ninth Annual Lowveld Clivia Club 162 spectacular and vastly different clivias Show held at the National Botanical were displayed on show. The plant adjudged Gardens was adjudged by Dr Piet Theron 2012 'Best on Show' belonged to Chris fromT George and Francois van Rooyen from Welgemoed. It was a green throated Tipperary/ KwaZulu/Natal who is vice-chairman of the Welgemoed peach. This very unusual and International Clivia Society. spectacular mutation was discovered about 25 years ago and has been improved and produced in large numbers, display­ ing spectacular colours that vary from gold, pink, peach to rich apricot. The First Runner Up, Second Runner Up and plant deemed the judges' choice were all owned and bred by Paul Kloeck. Those who visited the show were stunned by all the clivias and were seen photographing mag­ nificent blooms and some From left to right: Paul Kloeck, Chris Welgemoed (standing behind his very interesting colour var­ winning plant), Piet Theron (judge) iations. ▼ The Grade 2 class of Ida Esterhuizen

By Kobus Esterhuizen

da Esterhuizen has, since 2005, a yearly plan to ensure that her grade 2 class of Ithe George Preparatory School and their parents attend the annual Clivia Show of the Garden Route Clivia Club. Every year, a week before the annual show, Ida arrives at her grade 2 class with enough Clivia seed and plastic bags containing growing mixture for 25 students. The growing mixture has been moistened and allowed to stand overnight. She shows the students the seeds and mixture and asks who would like to participate in the planting of the seeds. The response is always one of enthusiasm with hands held high and voices excited with anticipation. Ida Esterhuizen Prior to the important day, Miss Ida will have explained about the planting plan to the planting begins each student is asked to do parents. Four seeds and a bag of mixture their best to see that they and their parents are given to each student but before actual attend the Clivia show. Again the response is a loud 'yes yes Miss'. To encourage attendance, one day be produced by one of these young there is no entrance charge for children. prospective breeders and collectors. The students take home their seeds and little Ida serves as secretary on the committee of the bags of mixture and are encouraged to report Garden Route Clivia Club and plans to once regularly on the progress and wellbeing of again hold an art festival based on paintings of the seedlings. Who knows what gem will clivias by all students in George schools. ▼

Grade 3 students showing their seedlings planted the previous year. The student far left, Marietjie Swanepoel, is a member of the club

CLIVI-ARTA HELEN SANDERS

The Clivia Society www.cliviasociety.org The Clivia Society caters for Clivia enthusiasts throughout the world. It is the umbrella body for a number of constituent Clivia Clubs and interest Groups which meet regularly in South Africa and elsewhere around the world. In addition, the Society has individual members in many countries, some of which also have their own Clivia Clubs. An annual Yearbook and quarterly Newsletters are published by the Society. For information on becoming a member and / or for details of Clivia Clubs and Interest Groups contact the Clivia Society secretary or where appropriate, the International Contacts, at the addresses listed in the inside back cover.

The objectives of the Clivia Society 1. To coordinate the interests, activities and objectives of constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; 2. To participate in activities for the protection and conservation of the genus Clivia in its natural habitat, thereby advance the protection of the natural habitats and naturally occurring populations of the genus Clivia in accordance with the laws and practices of conservation; 3. To promote the cultivation, conservation and improvement of the genus Clivia by: 3.1 The exchange and mutual dissemination of information amongst Constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; 3.2 Where possible, the mutual exchange of plants, seed and pollen amongst Constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; and 3.3 The mutual distribution of specialised knowledge and expertise amongst Constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; 4. To promote the progress of and increase in knowledge of the genus Clivia and to advance it by enabling research to be done and by the accumulation of data and dissemination thereof amongst constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; 5. To promote interest in and knowledge of the genus Clivia amongst the general public; and 6. To do all such things as may be necessary and appropriate for the promotion of the above mentioned objectives.

The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the Clivia Society or the editor.

CLIVIA NEWS ▼■'VOLUME 22 NUMBER 2 ▼ APRIL - JUNE 2013

he AGM was well attended and the discussions were interesting - amongst other topics Gerhard Farber spoke about Tthe Biodiversity Bill and how it won't interfere with our hobby. Gerhard explained how, as national legislation, it removes some of the problems that used to exist with each province having its own rules and that all you need to do in his opinion, should you wish to sell seed and plants, is to obtain the necessary licences. The conference date was discussed and has been set for Thursday, 18 September 2014. It is with great sadness that we heard about the passing of Oom Braam Opperman. Our thoughts are with his daughter and son and his five grandchildren. It was always interesting visiting him and hearing about his breeding and the projects he was working on, such as his prized 'Beatrice'. He had very specific views on various Clivia issues - such as bringing the 'wild-type' back into one's breeding after a number of generations of line breeding. Anita en Jan Joubert Our condolences also go to Rob Bearlin with the This edition has a variety of interesting goodies sudden death on 18 April of his brother David Bearlin of Pambula, NSW, Australia - founder in it, from photography through to the full and manager of Burwood Clivia Nursery. taxon of Clivia, breeding news and news from various Clubs. I hope you enjoy it. Please keep Jan Joubert has arrived - I am so excited and those articles and photos coming. If you have regard myself fortunate to be a father. My any ideas for articles or topics you would like to mom would have been ecstatic. I thought I knew what responsibility meant but now I see discussed, please let me know. ▼ feel the vastness of it. To be responsible for Joubert van Wyk another life is bigger than any career or man­ Editor - Clivia News made endeavour. People are warning me that PRS. Cut-off date for submissions for the next life is going to become a bit of a blur with Clivia News: 15 September Jan and the sleep deprivation that comes with a little one. I know it is going to be fun, yet Erratum: David Banks was the photographer challenging, but totally rewarding. I can't wait of the pictures at the bottom of pages 12 to teach him words, numbers and especially and 13 of Clivia News 22-01. about Clivia. HONORARY LIFE MEMBERSHIP By Wimpie Maass

he EP Clivia Club recently bestowed Honorary Life Membership upon Willie and Cynthia le Roux for their dedication Tto the Club and it's members as well as their continued efforts to promote the cultivation of Clivia in their region over many years. They joined the EP Clivia Interest Group in April 2000 and Willie was co-opted to the commit­ tee in May 2000. He assisted the late Fred Gibello with the very first Port Elizabeth Clivia Show in September 2000 and was thereafter appointed Show Chairman for 2001. As Willie could not type to save his life, Cynthia had to stand in as his personal secretary. When it was decided to apply for Club status, Willie took it upon himself to go on a fund raising campaign. With the help of a friend he managed to secure donations from top Clivia Willie & Cynthia le Roux growers in Cape Town, totalling well over 400 seedlings and adult plants as well as many seeds for sale at the 2001 show. They designed days to deliver all the Clivia News and Year wine labels depicting Clivia flowers of the then Books throughout Port Elizabeth and carried best Clivia growers in the region and sold over on doing so later with the help of the then 100 bottles, thus securing the Club's financial secretary and thereafter with Cynthia. This was stability. done without remuneration and at personal During the February 2002 AGM Willie was expense, a selfless act that embodies their love elected Chairman and in this capacity presented for the Club and the growing of Clivia. When the application for full Club status at the the Club secretary fell ill, Cynthia, without Society AGM during April 2002 in Cape Town. hesitation, took over as secretary and served in Full Club status was duly granted. that capacity for quite a few years. In order to promote the Club and canvas During Willie's term as Chairman, he served for members, Willie started giving talks on as EP representative on the Society committee growing Clivias at Garden Clubs, Retirement and was bestowed the Society's Award of Villages, Schools, Shows etc., successfully Merit in recognition of his contribution to the growing the membership base of the Club. He advancement of Clivia at the 2006 International was eventually mentor to 10 students as well Clivia Conference held in Pretoria. as some adults and wrote numerous articles for It is common knowledge that Willie has a the Clivia News and local newspapers as well passion for the activities and wellbeing of the as the regular EP Clivia circular depicting local Club. Ever since joining he has spared no effort news, with Cynthia being the typist. and went out of his way to address the needs/ They were also instrumental in creating the problems of members. Club emblem, show certificates, welcoming His continuous passion for promoting Clivia letters, get well / sympathy cards, Club shirts and Cynthia's support is displayed in the fact and caps. that they are presently once again serving as To save on postage, he started in the early Chairman and Assistant Secretary. ▼ 2014 CLIVIA SOCIETY CONFERENCE DATES Pietermaritzburg 16 September 2014 (Tuesday) Habitat tours 17 September 2014 (Wednesday) Habitat tours; Registration for Conference late afternoon. Function early evening. 18 September 2014 (Thursday) Registration (early); Conference; Preview of International Clivia Show and function (Evening) 19 September 2014 (Friday) International Clivia Show in conjunction with Sunday Tribune Garden Show. Visits to Growers. International Clivia Auction (Evening) 20 September 2014 (Saturday) International Clivia Show in conjunction with Sunday Tribune Garden Show. Visits to Growers. 21 September 2014 (Sunday) International Clivia Show in conjunction with Sunday Tribune Garden Show. Visits to Growers. PHOTOGRAPHIC COMPETITION

Categories: (The judges reserve the right to change this.) • C. miniata flowers (trumpet forms) • Pendulous species & Inter-specifics (tubular forms) • Novelty plants and flowers (leaf, plant or flower) • Single flower • Clivia in habitat • Clivia art photography Photos must be on a CD, and preferably separated into folders (using the respective category names). Also please send digital photos of 2012 show pictures and entries with WELL LABELLED digital photos on a CD which clearly indicate: • Grower (Full name) • Breeder (Full name) • Breeding of plant • Registered name (if applicable) • Prize awarded (if applicable) • Photographer (Full name) The articles and photos for the competition must reach Christo Topham by 30 July 2013. Or post them to: Christo Topham, P O Box 54478, Ninapark, PRETORIA, 0156. ▼

SOME COMMENTS ON THE PROPOSED LEGISLATION ON BIODIVERSITY

Introduction The World Wide Clivia distribution and Trade here are six recognised Clivia species I Clivia in South Africa that are only found in South Africa and Clivia is a common garden plant in South Swaziland. Clivia plants have, however, Africa and is to be found in many gardens. In Tbeen distributed from South Africa to many some parts of South Africa Clivia is almost in countries all over the world. every garden. Plants are sold in many, if not all, nurseries and even in supermarkets. There are 5 Exemptions many collectors and breeders worldwide and In column 3 of the list, exemptions in terms of especially in South Africa. section 57(4) are listed. Section 57(4) reads as 2 What is the purpose of the new legislation? follows: '(a) The Minister may, by notice in the gazette, exempt a person from a restriction In Chapter 4 of the National Environment contemplated in subsection (1)'. Management: Biodiversity Act, no 10 of 2004 the purpose of the regulations is described as In my view, the exemptions concerning wild/wild follows: sourced specimens in column 3 are contrary to the spirit of the gazette and unwarranted and Section 51(b): provide for the protection of should be deleted. species that are threatened or in need of protection to ensure their survival in the wild. The exemptions concerning artificially propa­ gated specimens should however remain. This purpose is in line with one of the goals of Artificially propagated specimens are defined in the Clivia Society - to protect Clivia in the wild section 1 as follows: "means a listed threatened and to ensure that all Clivia species continue to or protected plant species that is grown under exist in their natural habitat. controlled conditions; grown from seeds, The threat to Clivia does not come from the Clivia cuttings, divisions, callus tissues or other plant collector or breeder or ordinary gardener who is tissues, spores or other propagules derived from in possession of Clivia but from muti collectors cultivated parental stocks." and traders and from habitat destruction. The effect will be that all Clivia presently grown 3 Clivia as a vulnerable specie by collectors, breeders, nurseries and gardeners will be excluded from the restrictions and Clivia species are listed in the draft Government will not be subjected to the requirement of Gazette of 16 April 2013 as vulnerable species obtaining a permit. in terms of section 56(1 )(c) of the Biodiversity act. They are included under medicinal plants 6 Restricted Activities requiring a permit. (page 183 and 184). In our view any activity concerning wild speci­ Section 56(c) defines vulnerable species as mens should remain restricted and should follows: '(c) vulnerable species, being any only be possible under a permit in terms of indigenous species facing an extremely high section 57(1): "A person may not carry out a risk of extinction in the wild in the medium- restricted activity involving a specimen of a term future, although they are not a critically listed threatened or protected species without a endangered species or an endangered permit in terms of Chapter 7" species.' Activities concerning artificially propagated 4 Species on the list specimens should not be included in column 4 and to exempt those activities but also require a Only four species are presently on the list: permit creates in this instance an anomaly. gardenii, miniata, nobilis and robusta. Presently the requirements of column 3 and Caulescens and mirabilis are not mentioned at 4 read with column 2 are in conflict and will all. This should be rectified. create uncertainty and prevent any successful The draft list does not contain any restricted control or prosecution. activity that is prohibited in terms of section 57(2): The Minister may, by notice in the 7 Conclusion gazette, prohibit the carrying out of any Caulescens and mirabilis should be included activity—(a) which is of a nature that may in the lists. Activities concerning plants in negatively impact on the survival of a listed habitat should be restricted and should require threatened or protected species: and (b) which a permit. Activities concerning plants in is specified in the notice, or prohibit the possession of gardeners, collectors, nurseries carrying out of such activity without a permit and breeders should be exempted and excluded issued in terms of Chapter 7. from the lists. ▼ CLIVIA BREEDING Clivia miniata 'Coromandel' XClivia robusta By Allan Tait

n May 2004 I embarked on a hybridization few flower spikes emerged during June 2007. project whereby I used Clivia miniata 'Coro­ During 2008 this number had rapidly increased Imandel' which was named after the farm and by 2009 about 70% had flowered, with the where they were produced. 'Coromandel' could remaining ones flowering in 2010 and 2011. presumably be seen as a Belgium hybrid strain. Some of the observations that were made This was used as the pod parent. The robusta during these trials were as follows: form was a type with a very high bud count and Flower season starts in May and last till mid a good flower quality. August, giving a prolonged period of flowering. May might sound to be a strange time, but The plants that flowered first showed more coincidently, a whole bunch of these miniata characteristics of the pollen parent, namely more were in bloom and there was a robusta in flower rapid offset formation and tubular flowers that too. A selection of the miniata plants with most resembled the pollen parent. Those that followed varied flower shapes and colours was selected in the next seasons showed characteristics and the crosses made. resembling both parents and the last ones had In early 2005 about 1 000 seeds were sown fewest offsets but the biggest widely flared open and they grew rapidly and during March 2006 flowers, resembling the miniata plants or pod the seedlings were transplanted into 2 Litre parents. containers. Hereafter they grew fast and the first All plants show good vigour and broad foliage in a fairly uniform manner, though some plants have markedly shorter leaves than others. Flower colour is fairly constant with little variation but in some the green tips and centre lines are more profound, giving the effect of bronze flowers. Of the initial 1000 seeds grown, less than 20 plants have been retained, thus giving less than 2% of plants exhibiting characteristics that I had hoped for. My aim now is to grow plants with these superior floristic characteristics but in a far more varied colour range. A few of these have already flowered and the results look promising! All breeding programs should always aim for quality, not quantity. ▼ Growers and their plants who have inspired me through the years (Part I) By Carrie Kruger, Utopia Clivias y inspiration for my Clivia breeding, Pat Gore's Clivia Heaven: (visit in 2006) has always come from many different Pat Gore, otherwise known as Oom Pat, is a sources. Inspiration can come to me grower who has truly inspired me after my visit Min many ways, through wise words, a beautiful to him in 2006. I was fortunate to be able to photograph in a yearbook, a show winner attend the 2006 International Show in Pretoria on a display table, a visit to a collection of and spending the weekend with Oom Pat was unforgettable plants, or a breeder who has like being in "clivia heaven". reached goals we are still dreaming about. His green house was filled to the brim and Visiting a grower who is passionate about their flowering plants were everywhere to be seen. collection and who is willing to share their I helped him clean and prepare plants for the knowledge and assist with seeds and seedlings, show and he shared many little tricks in preparing has always been one of my greatest inspirations plants for display and show purposes. since I started breeding Clivia more than fourteen Some of his most famous plants are 'Olympia years ago. Pink', 'Diana Peach', and 'Fighting Port', a very I would love to share some of my early memories dark red. When asked about the name I was of a few of these visits to breeders and their told that the plant caused such a stir amongst collections. club members fighting for offsets of this red, he

Bronze multipetals from Rudo's breeding Rudo's 'Brown Eye Girl1

Rudo's green peach Rudo's Group 1 'Green Throats'

Rudo's 'Meyer's Apricot' Rudo's 'Pink'

Oom Pat's 'Mango'

I

Pat's 'Diana'

named it Fighting Port. That story will stay with Some of the plants suffered from bad frost me for a long time. damage, but the variety of special flowers I saw It is a well-known fact that Oom Pat has never that day took my breath away. missed an AGM, except for one in 2012, when Rudo took over from his father Wessel Lotter, he was too ill to attend. I think this is an who had been breeding since the late 70s. They achievement on its own. specialized in interspecifics, but Rudo has since I left Pretoria with lots of gifts, including a bag then also bred some beautiful miniata in an full of seeds, some very special offsets and of array of colours. course, memories of some of the most beautiful Rudo has one of the most sought after flowers I have seen. collections in the world. He has also line bred a new line of apricots called 'Meyer's Apricot', Rudo Lotter and his amazing plants: bred from 'Meyer's Peach' x Group 2 yellows. (visit in 2010) He has bred some beautiful versicolours from In 2010 some friends and I had the honour of 'Naude's Peach'. visiting Rudo on his smallholding just outside Rudo is also very famous for his beautiful pink Pretoria. I have seen many collections and flowers which he has bred from 'Appleblossom' visited many growers before, but these were crosses. Rudo's 'Best Pink' is most probably one simply the most amazing colours I have seen in of the best pinks in his collection. one collection. Rudo's plants were not housed Rudo's breeding has always been an inspiration in fancy shade houses or planted in fancy pots. to me and my breeding goals. ▼ REGULARS Clivia over 12 months (2) autumn (March-May) By Helen Marriott

utumn in Melbourne, Australia, has period by some C. caulescens buds and flowers seen the continuation of flowers on (Figs 5-6). Note that C. caulescens shown here Ainterspecifics involving combinations of has a slightly protruding stigma. Nakamura's C. miniatax C. caulescens, and C. miniata x 'White Xmas' (Fig 7) is thought to come from C. nobilis along with the C. x cyrtanthiflora an Australian form of C. x cyrtanthiflora. The hybrids. While not flowering in large numbers, floriferous characteristic of the interspecific they do provide a non-stop display of flowers, hybrids with their origins in C. nobilis is also often in combination with berries and some­ visible in Figs 8-9. Even an odd early flowering times with leaf variegation. Figures 1-4 show C. gardenii was in flower in one darkish corner four different C. miniata x C. caulescens of the garden in early May (Fig 10). interspecific hybrids. The peduncle broke on the Berries of all shapes and sizes appear among flower shown in Fig 1, so conveniently it made the Clivia. Always delightful to see are those a nice vase specimen. Like the plant in this first of variegated plants where the variegation may photo, the interspecific hybrid shown in Fig 2 extend throughout the peduncle and to the may also be an interspecific crossed again to berries as well (Fig 11). Figures 12-13 show yellow C. miniata (even if it was not labelled the berries on C. nobilis and C. caulescens as such). The round inner tepals on some of respectively, while Fig 14 is of berries on the these plants are an attractive feature. interspecific, 'Carmen-Venus', thought to be These interspecifics have been joined during this from C. gardenii.▼

Fig 1 (C. miniata x C. caulescens) x yellow C. miniata Fig 2 'MC Joy''

Fig 3 'Yellow Nougat' Fig 4 C. miniata x C. caulecens

Fig 5 C. caulescens bud Fig 6 C. caulescens Fig 7 'White Xmas'

Fig 8 C.miniata x C. nobilis Fig 9 Yellow C. miniata x C. nobilis

Fig 10 C. gardenii Fig 11 C. miniata variegated Fig 12 C. nobilis berries

Fig 13 C. caulescens berries

Fig 14 berries on 'Carmen-Venus' CLIVIA TOURS______Japan Clivia Tour2013 By Heidi Nerurkar

n March of this year I had the great opportunity collection. As expected, the huge greenhouse to be part of the Clivia Tour 'Visiting famous was full of plants with extraordinary flowers and Igrowers in Japan' organized and arranged none of us could resist buying at least a few by Shigetaka Sasaki. Our group included Kerrie plants. Mr. Hattori's plants are mostly compact McElroy from Australia, Andre Swart from South plants and he is famous for his blushed Yellows, Africa and myself. We all met for the first time Picotees, Bronze and Red Clivias. on Tuesday, 19th of March at the Centre Hotel On Thursday the 4 of us left Nagoya by car in Narita, where we stayed for the night and again to visit Mr. Koike's greenhouses in Gifu tried unsuccessfully to get at least a few hours prefecture. Every Clivia enthusiast knows the of sleep. green flowered 'Hirao' and the 'TK Original' The next morning we travelled on the high Group 2 Yellows with green throats. Of course speed train 'Shinkansen' to Nagoya, where Mr. Koike's greenhouses are full of outstanding we changed to a rented car and drove to the plants and he also has very beautiful interspecifics Baijyuen Nursery of Mr. Hattori in Aichi pre­ in various colours. fecture. The same afternoon we returned via train to On arrival, Shige introduced us to Mrs. and Narita, because all the other breeders on our list Mr. Hattori. We also met Mr. Masami Uno and are located in Chiba prefecture. his wife, who were already in the nursery and Friday morning we went to meet the legendary looking for some special plants to add to their Mr. Nakamura on his 'Clivia Breeding Plantation'.

High speed train 'Shinkansen' He showed us around in his greenhouse where Mr. Mitsuhashi. He can show off the prettiest quite a few of his famous plants were in flower. multitepal Yellows you can ever dream of and is I already own a few of his plants, but I have also known for the 'Tiger' and the even more rare to admit that my collection of Mr. Nakamura's 'Southern Cross Tiger', which not only has the plants has increased in size after this visit. Mr. horizontal pattern, but shows in addition Shima Nakamura was very generous and presented us variegation. Clivia books, photos and as a very precious gift Later in the day we went to Mr. Tsuruoka's we received a few seeds of crosses he made. nursery filled up with the best Akebono Darumas After we left the 'Clivia Breeding Plantation' and variegated Darumas. Mr. Tsuruoka also has we drove to Shige's greenhouse with his vast a remarkable collection of Clivias with exceptional collection of clivias from all over the world. pretty flowers. You can find almost every plant you have ever The last breeder of our schedule was Mr. heard of in his greenhouse and of course Shige Nakayama, who is the 'specialist' for multitepal additionally has a lot of the most extraordinary Clivias. He and his wife own the most beautiful plants of his own breeding to show. multitepal Clivias in all sorts of shapes and colour The first on our list for 23rd of March was shades you can think of. Except depicted on photos, I had never seen such beautiful plants before, but this applies to everything I have seen on this trip. A 'once in a lifetime' experience, not only for me but for every Clivia lover - if you are a breeder or only an ordinary collector of these plants. Before visiting these Japanese specialists I have been to different nurseries in the Netherlands and in Belgium. Similar to the nurseries in Japan, most of the European Clivia breeders are not only specialised in the cultivation of Clivias, they also grow other plants like Zante- deschia, Azaleas etc. The only exceptions I know of are Pierre De Coster and Cady Poelman, who exclusively breed Clivias. When I was at Dynaplant in the Netherlands they were growing compact orange Clivias with green leaves in big numbers in unbelievable huge greenhouses. If a seedling is variegated it is immediately removed, because it is too slow growing and does not fit in the standard production. The Belgian growers have as well mostly orange flowering plants, but they also own variegated plants (Akebono and striata) and other colours like yellow, apricot, yellow Plants from Mr. Hattori green throat, versicolour etc. Plant from Mr. Hatton

'Hirao' Mr. Koike showing us a plant bred by Shige Plants from Mr. Koike

From left: Mr. Nakamura, Kerrie McElroy, Heidi Nerurkar and Andre Swart l

Plant from Mr. Nakamura

The non-orange clivias may be less than 5 % of the total number of plants. If you ask these breeders why they grow only orange Clivias, they will tell you that people in Europe will buy nothing else than orange Clivias, they simply do not seem to appreciate special colours or variegated leaves. For comparison: In Japan I visited a garden center and they had Clivias in red, peach, yellow etc. for sale and even Interspecifics were on display, in garden centers in Germany I have never seen a single Clivia in another colour other than orange. In Europe we have mostly plant mass produc­ tion also because the regular customer is not willing to pay more than 10-15 Euros for a Clivia. I assume, that such highly specialised nurseries like the Japanese breeders might not survive very long with their businesses in Europe . A most remarkable adventure has come to an end and we three participants want to thank all the breeders we visited for their friendliness and hospitality. Frog on a plant from Mr. Nakamura Plant from Mr. Nakamura

Plant from Shigetaka Sasaki

Plant from Shigetaka Sasaki Plant from Shigetaka Sasaki

® “ -s

Clivia caulescens x mirabilis from Shigetaka Sasaki Multitepal Yellows from Mr. Mitsuhashi

Multitepal Yellows from Mr. Mitsuhashi Mr. Tsuruoka

Southern Cross Tigers (Mr. Mitsuhashi), photos by Shigetaka Sasaki Plant from Mr. Tsuruoka

Mr. Tsuruoka's plants Below: Mrs. and Mr. Nakayama Multitepals by Mr. Nakayama

A special 'Thank you' of course for Shige, who made all this possible and invested a lot of his personal time and energy in us and our well being.

Note: If you want to know more about new developments in Clivia breeding in Japan, please have a look at the articles by Shigetaka Sasaki in Yearbook 7, page 86 - 90 and Yearbook 10, page 59 - 64. I am only a hobby grower and not an expert breeder, so this article is merely some sort of 'touristic' story with photos. A few other people who have visited Japan before have already published interesting articles and I did not want to repeat again, what they have already written ▼

Multitepals by Mr. Nakayama RELATED The Lay Photographer By James Haxton

oday's cameras are sophisticated enough and images can be improved by stopping to produce a technically good image down (using smaller apertures). Remember without any intervention by the photo­ that f/2 is larger than f/4. Maximum f-stop Tgrapher. This is not always the best and for an average lens is in the region of f/4 or overriding the controls can often result in better f/5.6 in standard zoom lenses, or about f/8 in images. Controls most often manipulated are telephoto lenses. zoom, focus, the f-stop and shutter speed. More expensive lenses can be as large Digital cameras have additional settings (referred to as fast because a faster shutter for contrast, brightness, colour saturation, can be used) as f/2.8 or even f/1.4 for shorter sharpening, ISO and colour balance. This article focal lengths. The minimum f-stop can be deals with the F-stop. about f/22 or even f/40, depending on the The f-stop is defined as the light stop or the application. Compact cameras hardly ever aperture that regulates the amount of light offer anything smaller than f/8. that reaches the film or image sensor to ensure Apart from hiding imperfections of the lens, proper exposure. The focal length also affects smaller apertures also increase the DOF. DOF the exposure because it affects magnification is the depth of field, meaning the depth of the and therefore the area of the image that is subject that will appear sharply focused on captured. The longer the lens, the more spread the image sensor. There is a direct relationship out the light on the sensor and therefore one between sensor size and f-stop that affects needs a larger aperture to compensate. The DOF. Compact cameras have the same DOF at f-stop notation is convenient as it indicates f/8 as DSLRs have at f/32. the combined effect of the aperture and focal length without having to consider the In addition, smaller apertures increase diffrac­ focal length and the diameter separately. The tion, which is an undesirable side effect that standard notation is f/number where f is the renders extremely small apertures impractical. focal length, slash means division and number Diffraction gradually reduces overall sharpness is the number of times the focal length is larger as the lens is stopped down and it becomes than the aperture diameter. For convenience noticeable at about f/16 in a DSLR and f/4 in a we use a series of numbers: 1, 1.4, 2, 2.8, compact. While slight diffraction is preferable 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16, etc. The numbers increase over shallow DOF in some cases, diffraction by the square root of 2. The reason for this becomes objectionable at f/32 in a modern choice is that each consecutive f-stop passes DSLR. exactly half the light. For example f/2 passes The following images illustrate shallow and twice the light f/2.8 does, and the respective deep DOF. Figure 1 was shot at f/5.6 resulting aperture diameters are (f = 100 mm for in a very smooth background and some example) 50 mm and 35.7 mm. Modern flowers slightly blurred. Figure 2 was shot at electronic point and shoot cameras do not f/32 and shows the texture of the background care about the series of numbers and often and all flowers are in focus. apertures of f/3.33 can be seen. Shallow DOF is useful in a cluttered en­ But there is more to the f-stop than that. vironment where an out-of-focus back­ Lenses are not perfect and selecting apertures ground will improve the image by being less that are smaller than the maximum can distracting. The f-stops shown are for DSLR improve the sharpness of the image. Most cameras. Divide the numbers by 4 to equate lenses perform poorly at maximum aperture the DOF to small sensor compact cameras. Note that the majority of compact cameras cannot achieve very shallow DOF be­ cause their lenses are not fast enough. In the examples above, the texture of the background is clearly visible at the small f-stop. The disadvantage of shallow DOF is that part of the subject may appear blurred.

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3

When using large apertures for shallow DOF, be sure to be careful about focusing on an interesting part of the subject that is also well positioned in the frame (centre of interest). The anthers of the Nobilis are in focus to the right of and below centre. Most other anthers are blurred. (Figure 3). Deep DOF is useful when the subject is deep and has to be entirely sharp. Use a small aperture like f/16 to f/32 (f/8 on compacts). At small apertures the light is reduced and the shutter speed has to be lowered to compensate, increasing the risk of movement blur.▼ Clivia Society2013 AGM Auction results By Joubert van Wyk

Plant Price Plant Price

C. gardenii 150 'Emerarudo' 12500 Mc Neil Green Girl F2 seedling 240 'Many petals' 1000 'So Nice' 600 Seedling (Star Green x (TKO x Hirao)) 800 C. caulescens x C. gardenii 100 Multi petal 750 'Flash of Lime' 1100 C. gardenii 50 'Tango's Daughter' 1100 C. robusta 150 Graskop C. caulescens 250 C. gardenii 160 'Jackpot' 2600 Best Tricolour C. gardenii 550 'Kisses' 1400 Jade Ivory x Ngome Blush 500 'Bing's Pride’ 800 Olifantshoek peach 400 'Arnie1 1600 Msekabo River Gorge 850 Original Chizzari 450

'Kisses' 'Many petals' The whole Clivia tree With thanks to James Abel

Domain: Eukaryota - Whittaker & MargulisJ 978 - eukaryotes Kingdom: Plantae - Haeckel, 1866 - Plants Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae - Cavalier-Smith, 1981 Phylum: Tracheophyta - Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants Subphylum: Euphyllophytina Infraphylum: Radiatopses - Kenrick & Crane, 1997 Class: Magnoliopsida - Brongniart, 1843 - Dicotyledons Subclass: Liliidae - Takhtajan, 1967 Superorder: Lilianae - Takhtajan, 1967 Order: Asparagales - Bromhead, 1838 Family: Amaryllidaceae - Jaume Saint-Hilaire, 1805, nom. cons. - Amaryllis Family Tribe: Haemantheae Genus: Clivia - J. Lindley, 1828 Subgenus: nom Source: http://zipcodezoo.com/Plants/C/Clivia_nobilis/. ▼ Botanical plant names Courtesy of www.succulents.co.za

A look at how plants are named and different from other plants in the genera, eg. kwebenis. why they are classified in a specific group • Variety (Var.) A var. is a subdivision of a species consisting e have a man by the name of Carl of naturally occurring or selectively bred von Linne, also known as Linneaus, populations or individuals that differ from W to thank for the way we classify the remainder of the species in certain minor plants and animals. Linneaus devised a system characters, eg. Lithops hookeri var lutea. of categorizing animals and plants into specific groups. The groups that are used the most • Subspecies (subsp, ssp) amongst us laypersons are family, genera and A subsp. is a subdivision of a species usually species. One (monotypic) or more varieties based on geographic distribution, eg. Conop- makes up a species, one or more species makes hytum bilobum ssp altum. a genera, one or more genera makes a family. The person who discovered the plant first • Family will be the one to name it. The plant may be named after a person, place, distinguishing Plants that belong to a family share general feature or anything the discoverer would like characteristics, a Genera contains plants with unless the name is already in use with another more specific characteristics. For instance plant in the genus. Some plant names end in Tridentea, Hoodia, Stapelia and Huernia all ae or ii, in latin ae is the feminine ending and ii belong to the family Asclepiadaceae because is the male ending. they all have five-lobed flowers that smell • Edithcolea grandis- grandis for the grand rotten. flower. • Genera • Euphorbia namibensis - as the species name The genera follows a family, eg Stapelia, plants states, this plant is found in Namibia. in a certain genera share certain characteristics. • Conophytum bilobum- named after their The genus Tridentea is made up of ascleps that distinctive two lobed bodies. outer corona lobes are three toothed. • Hoodia gordonii - an example of the male ending. • Species (spp) • Aloe peglerae - an example of the female Species is defined as plants that are capable ending. ▼ of interbreeding with one another. The species Source: http://www.succulents.co.za/names. part of the name also denotes a plant that is shtml Downloaded 7 June 2013.

CLIVIA SPECIES Robusta, my favourite autumn flower By Carrie Kruger, Utopia Clivias

utumn has always been my favourite variety of robusta plants. month of the year. The colour changes My robusta collection started with a batch Aof leaves, the fresh autumn breeze and of plants bought from a local wholesale the new burst of energy that we discover after nursery in 2004, where these were marked the long hot months of summer. as "Clivia nobilis{7)". These were bought for And of course... the flowering of my large a landscaping project I was working on C. robusta 'Blush Andy' C. robusta Bronze

at that time. Upon arrival I could immediately see that they were indeed not nobilis, but another species, simply by the shape of the leaves and size of the plants. They were almost all in bud at that time. I decided to wait for them to flower before I planted them. When they started flowering, I decided to do some research into their background and found out from one of the owners of the nursery that they were collected as seeds from a habitat in Natal. They were all robusta and some better and more beautiful than others. I selected and marked all the plants with unusual colours, bigger flowers and large umbels to breed with and used the rest in the landscaping project. These handpicked plants were pollinated between one another and flowered about four years later. Once again, the best flowers were selected and kept aside - some with very pretty and unusual colours. Bigger flowers C. robusta Pastel and Red were produced in this first C. robusta 'Rainbow' C. robusta 'Santa Clause' in full flower

generation by simply crossing them to each other. These are nowall named and numbered and used in my breeding programme. I have been experimenting with special coloured miniata flowers as pollen parents and vice versa. Some of these crosses should flower in the next season or two. I have seen that the flowers in the first generation of robusta crosses are much bigger than F1 flowers of C. gardenii crosses. My aim is to not only get bigger flowered interspecifics, but to also improve on colours and patterns. This may take a few years, but patience is something all keen Clivia breeders should have. Robusta are not only beautiful plants with a wide variety of colours in autumn, but also very good breeding plants to use for breeding good interspecific plants with a high floret count and a wide variety of colours and leaf shapes. ▼ C. robusta 'Twins' CLIVIA CLUBS & INTEREST GROUPS Chairman’s Report - Garden Route Clivia Club

By Piet Theron - Chairman 2012

t gives me great pleasure to present this proportion would not become a reality. Thank report at the end of another successful year you to all who made the effort, it was absolutely I experienced by the Garden Route Clivia Club. worthwhile. The same members were re-elected to serve on A new entry system was introduced this year at the Committee at the AGM in March 2012, which the Show and with the record number of entries, contributed to the maintaining of the accepted it unfortunately led to extended time of benching standards of organising the matters of the Club. and a delay of the onset of judging, which will During May a very successful Workshop was held have to be addressed adequately before the next in Still Bay and was well organised by the local Show. members. It was pleasing to see how many of the I would especially like to thank Gordon Fraser for older members brought their employees along to all his time and effort to design and print our very attend, as they realise how important it would beautiful Certificates for the winners; they were be to have these helpers take over the physical outstanding and attracted a lot of attention. part of their hobby once they become less able to manage it all by themselves. To all our members who contributed to make the show a resounding success and the Public who Unfortunately no Workshops have been held supported us so well, thank you very much for in George for a long time and it would be being there and enjoying this great effort with worthwhile to have these as part of regular us. meetings or separate events, to encourage and enhance the skills of newer members. The need Thank you to Checkers and Pick 'n Pay for their could be judged as a question in a newsletter or generosity in allowing us to place an exhibit at the discretion of the Committee. at the entrance to their stores where it is most appreciated by the public and also serves as a The Mini Interspecific Show continues to expand good advertisement for the Show. by the number of entries as well as the overall quality presented. New members, who experience The following instances have supported us so the beauty and variety here, cannot help but to well by means of contributions to enable us to appreciate, experience and enjoy these very special concentrate more on the quality and overall plants. This needs to be encouraged on a regular appearance of the show. I thank you very much, basis to further the above goals. it is highly appreciated. Our Annual Show in October was blessed George Nursery; Hartman Butchery; Heatherpark with the highest amount of entries ever and Nursery; George Voortrekkers; Charles Kinnear continues to improve in overall quality. Once Garden Landscaping; Ever Grow; Kloppers; Sprint again congratulations to all the winners: Ricky Packaging; and Barkco. and Noelia Jardim took Best on Show, first It is with regret that I have to inform you that I and second runners up and it will take some have resigned as Chairman and as member of doing to beat them, as their plants, selection of the Committee as from December and would those presented and the grooming, remain of like to thank the remaining members of the the highest standards. Gerrie Brits was awarded Committee for taking over the responsibilities Best on Show Own Breeding, Kobus and Ida until the next election at the AGM in February. Esterhuizen, Most Exceptional Plant and Karl My very best wishes to the new Chairman and Rost, Most Exceptional Flower. Committee members who will be elected, may Without the enthusiastic participation of the you function well and always strive to further the 32 members wanting to share the beauty and aims of the Garden Route Clivia Club and Clivia uniqueness of their plants, a Show of such Society and take it to new heights. ▼ The Garden Route Clivia Route By Carrie Kruger

his route was started in order to invite pollen and seeds or just enjoy some Clivia Clivia lovers who visit our area to come talk with fellow enthusiasts. To visit one and see our collections and enjoy our or more of these growers, please see the Tplants. We can learn from each other all attached list for members' names, numbers the time. You may buy or exchange plants, and a short description of their collections.

MEMBER: CELL PHONE: HOME: E-MAIL/WEBSITE DESCRIPTION: AREA: 1 STIL BAY Anet Pienaar 0824191002 A mixed collection of species, miniatas and interspecifics

AREA: 2 MOSSEL BAY Nico Cloete 0823069212 044 6011260 [email protected] A collection of quality plants from trips, both local and overseas

Karl Rost 0828874429 044 6966691 [email protected] A very good mixed collection of a large range of colours AREA: 3 GROOTBRAK Kerneels 0825881871 044 6204454 [email protected] A mixed collection Buitendag

AREA: 4 GEORGE Randolph 0727685688 044 8708 771 suidadmin@hygrotech. A mixed collection Young co.za

Gerrie Brits 0832858760 044 8743329 [email protected] A mixed collection including good variegated and broad leaf plants Ricky and 0842993170 0448747165 [email protected] A collection of Noelia Jardim show class peach, bronze, orange and red clivias Kobus en Ida 0726136066 044 8712214 [email protected] A mixed collection Esterhuizen

Piet Claassen 0847831560 0448735868 [email protected] Peach, pastel, yellow, burnt orange, green throats and multi petals Gordon Fraser 0789538339 [email protected] A select collection of a variety of top class miniatas

Judy and Mark 0723906667 [email protected] A wide range of Dixon 0822135931 clivias growing in LAKELAND the indigenous CLIVIAS forest Kobus Kearny 0827858279 [email protected] A good selection of peaches, pastels, green throats and yellow greens Gerrit van der 0829071132 0448746542 gvdmerwelandbou@ Mixed collection Merwe gmail.com AREA: 5 SEDGEFIELD Carrie Kruger 0833431288 044 3432183 [email protected] Large scale grower UTOPIA CLIVIAS www.utoDiacliviasxo.za of all varieties specializing in unusual and rare clivias Welland 0825118043 [email protected] A very good nobilis Cowley collection, special miniatas and interspecifics Bridget Randall 0833758145 044 3432298 [email protected] Mixed collection AREA: 6 KNYSNA Gavin Clark 0837777830 gavinclark@seanet,co.za A collection of imported and rare auction plants Carrie's Green Randolph's "Emerald Star" Ricky and Noelia's Winter Fox

Gordon Fraser's Peach Welland's Green Peace Nico Cloete's Robusta

Kobus en Ida Esterhuizen Utopia Clivias Judy and Mark Dixon forest

Lothians Nobilis Welland Kobus Kearney Peach Carrie's Pink Interspecific

Decide who you would like to visit and call members with very special collections and the them to make an appointment. These visits previous mentioned members are willing to are strictly by appointment only. The Garden open their gardens and share their collections Route Club consists of a good number of with visitors on appointment.▼ Northern Free State Clivia Club Show 2012 & '13 By Hannes van Rooyen - NFSCC President

FSCC had its third show in 2012 and the I would like to invite every member of the highlight on the calendar of the NFSCC Northern Free State and Free State Clivia Clubs Nis once again just around the corner; it to use the opportunity to show their Clivia is of course the 2013 Clivia Show. plants, to make new friends and to enjoy the The club will again use the Goldfields FET. The time with us. college's facilities are on the corner of Toronto I would like make an urgent appeal to all Avenue and Peter Bosch Street, Jan Cilliers NFSCC members to recruit new members for Park, Welkom. the club in order to expand the club. It is my humble opinion that the plants that The three overall Show winners were as fol­ appear on the show will improve annually, lows: Gold Show winner (Cameron Peach) being more beautiful than the year before, owned by Hannes van Rooyen. Silver Award and that every year a larger range of plants (Ian Brown Pink) went to Johann Olivier. will be showcased. The plant was grown by Johan Kruger from Again, the judges should engage in head seeds he had bought from Ian Brown. Johann scratching to determine the winners in each Olivier was in the fortunate position of having category showcasing all the prestigious and bought the plant from Johan Kruger. Finally, colourful Clivias presented. the Bronze Award (Dawie Strydom Light Piet Laubscher and his team from the Free Apricot x Yellow Jumbo) belongs to Stefan State Clivia Club will be the judges. Ferreira.

Show winners Coromandel (Yellow green throat) x Charles Green

A side view of the 2012 Show plants The green Clivia belonged to Johann Olivier. Johan Kruger grew the plant from seed he purchased from Charl Coetzee. Johann Olivier received the plant from Johan Kruger as a gift and only rea­ lized how special the plant was when it flowered for the first time. The plant was also amongst the Overall Show Winners in 2011, obtaining the Silver Award. It is a cross between Coromandel (Yel­ low green throat) x Charles Green. ▼

From front to back is Rachel Maree (Secretary of NFSCC), Klasie Geldenhuys (Show Master), Piet Laubscher (Judge) and Flannes van Rooyen (Show Manager)

A front view of the 2012 Show plants

SMALLS

QUALITY plants available for Retail\Wholesale\Landscape purposes - in bags or ex-ground, at prices you CAN afford! With ever-increasing transport costs, our various ex-ground options make sense. Visit our website www.wholesale-nursery.co.za for further details. CLIVI-ARTA BY HELEN SANDERS

REPRESENTATIVES OF CLIVIA ENTHUSIASTS ▼ Netherlands Aart van Voorst: Tel: +31 252529679; e-mail: [email protected] ▼ United Kingdom Sakkie Nel: Tel: +27 12 361 6415, e-mail: [email protected] ▼ USA & CANADA William McClelland: Tel: 1 805 484 14 84 10 48, e-mail: [email protected] OTHER OVERSEAS CONTACT PERSONS FOR MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION ▼ Australia Ken Smith: Tel: +61 247543287; e-mail: [email protected] ▼ USA & CANADA William McClelland: Tel: 1 805 484 1484; e-mail: [email protected] CONTACT DETAILS FOR CLIVIA CLUBS AND INTEREST GROUPS ▼ Border Interest Group Glenn Miles: Tel: +27714217812; Fax: 086 6577 892 (RSA only); Interest Group e-mail: [email protected] ▼ Bosveld Willem Nel: + 27 82 879 8305 or Madeleine: +27 82 899 1287; Interest Group e-mail: [email protected] ▼ Cape Clivia Club Joy Woodward: Cell: +27 72 487 7933; e-mail:[email protected] ▼ Eastern Province Andre Fourie: Cell: +27 83 386 6803; e-mail:[email protected] Clivia Club ▼ Free State Clivia Club Marius Swart: +27 51 436 6778 +27 83 274 6482; e-mail: [email protected] ▼ Garden Route Ida Esterhuizen: Tel: +27 44 871 2214; e-mail:[email protected] Clivia Club ▼ Highway (Durban area) Mike Callaghan: Cell: +27 83 651 0937; e-mail: [email protected] Interest Group ▼Joburg Clivia Club Glynn Middlewick: Tel: +27 11 476 1463; e-mail: [email protected] ▼ KwaZulu-Natal John Handman: +27 33 330 5261; +27 83 660 1275; Clivia Club e-mail: [email protected] ▼ Lowveld Clivia Club Maria Grove: Tel: +27 83 475 1176; Fax: +27 86 531 8724 (RSA only), e-mail: [email protected] ▼ New Zealand Alick McLennan: Tel: 64 9 5213 062; e-mail: [email protected] Clivia Club ▼ Vryheid Jasper Jonker: Cell: 084 050 4337 Interest Group ▼ Northern Clivia Club Marlene Topham: Tel: + 27 12 542 3693; e-mail: [email protected] ▼ Northern Free State Rachel Maree; (Secretary); Tel: 057 357 6048; Cell: +27 83 257 4801; Clivia Club e-mail: [email protected] ▼ NKZ-N (Newcastle) Lieb Swiegers: Cell: +27 83 293 5268 Interest Group ▼ Overberg Clivia Felicity Weeden: Tel: +27 84 5898 297; e-mail:[email protected] Interest Group The Clivia Society: Management details www.cliviasociety.org MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE: 2012/2013 Chairman: Christo Topham: Mobile: + 27 82497 5879 e-mail:[email protected] Secretary: Andre Swart, PO Box 74868, Lynnwood Ridge, 0040. Mobile +27 083 636 1449, e-mail: [email protected] Vice-Chairman: Francois van Rooyen: Mobile: +27 76 487 0300; e-mail:[email protected] Treasurer: Sakkie Nel: Tel: +27 12 361 6415, e-mail: [email protected] Member: Paul Kloeck: Mobile: +27 13 758 1443, e-mail: [email protected] INTERNATIONAL CONTACT PERSONS Australia: Ken Smith: 593 Flawkesbury Rd., Winmalee. NSW 2777. Tel: +61 24 754 3287, e-mail: [email protected] New Zealand: Tony Barnes (Representative): e-mail:[email protected] Alick McLeman: (Correspondence) e-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom: Sakkie Nel: Tel: +27 12 361 6415, e-mail: [email protected] Europe: Aart van Voorst: Tel: +031 25 252 9679, Frederik Hendriklaan 49, HillegomTE 2181, Netherlands, e-mail:[email protected] USA & Canada: William McClelland (Correspondence): Bolin Ave., Camarillo, Ca93010-4708, USA, Tel: 1 805 484 1484 1048, e-mail: [email protected] PORTFOLIOS Newsletter Editor: Joubert van Wyk: Mobile: +27 83 307 7707 e-mail: [email protected] Yearbook Editor: Joubert van Wyk: Mobile: +27 83 307 7707 e-mail: [email protected] Public Relations Officer: Clayton Jonkers: Mobile: +27 083 267 7206 e-mail: [email protected] Standards and Judging: Koos Geldenhuys: Mobile: +27 83 442 4487 e-mail: [email protected] Registrar for named Ken Smith: Tel: +61 24 754 3287 Clivia cultivars: e-mail: [email protected] Research: Research: Danie van Vuuren: Mobile +27 082 902 2331 e-mail: [email protected] Webmaster: Gideon Scheepers: e-mail: [email protected] CLIVIA CLUBS Cape, Eastern Province, Free State, Garden Route, Joburg, KwaZulu-Natal, Lowveld, New Zealand, Northern and Northern Free State INTEREST GROUPS Border, Bosveld, NKZ-N (Newcastle), Overberg, Highway (Durban area) and Vryheid

ISSN 1819-1460

Volume 22 - NUMBER 3 l JULY – SEPTEMBER 2013 The Clivia Society www.cliviasociety.org The Clivia Society caters for Clivia enthusiasts throughout the world. It is the umbrella body for a number of constituent Clivia Clubs and Interest Groups which meet regularly in South Africa and elsewhere around the world. In addition, the Society has individual members in many countries, some of which also have their own Clivia Clubs. An annual yearbook and quarterly wews­letters are published by the Society. For information on becoming a member and / or for details of Clivia Clubs and Interest Groups contact the Clivia Society secretary or where appropriate, the International Contacts, at the addresses listed in the inside back cover.

The objectives of the Clivia Society 1. To coordinate the interests, activities and objectives of constituent Clivia Clubs and associate­ members; 2. To participate in activities for the protection and conservation of the genus Clivia in its natural habitat, thereby advance the protection of the natural habitats and naturally occurring populations of the genus Clivia in accordance with the laws and practices of conservation; 3. To promote the cultivation, conservation and improvement of the genus Clivia by: 3.1 The exchange and mutual dissemination of information amongst Constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; 3.2 Where possible, the mutual exchange of plants, seed and pollen amongst Constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; and 3.3 The mutual distribution of specialised knowledge and expertise amongst Constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; 4. To promote the progress of and increase in knowledge of the genus Clivia and to advance it by enabling research to be done and by the accumulation of data and dissemination thereof amongst constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; 5. To promote interest in and knowledge of the genus Clivia amongst the general public; and 6. To do all such things as may be necessary and appropriate for the promotion of the abovementioned­ objectives.

More information on the Clivia Society available on www.cliviasociety.org

The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the Clivia Society or the editor. CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013 Table of Contents & Clivia NEWS Inner Front Cover & Editorial - Joubert van Wyk 2 & clivia PERSONALITIES marguerite Blaser - Joy Woodward 3 eastern Cape Clivia People - Felicity Weeden 3 & CONFERENCE AND RELATED 2014 Clivia Society conference dates 4 Caulescens ”Immersion” Tour 2014 - Connie and James Abel 4 managing Hybrid Vigour in Clivia Breeding - Felix Middleton 7 International Society for Horticultural Science - Ken Smith 13 & Clivia BREEDING Breeding ‘Romulus’ and ’Remus’ - Felicity Weeden 15 Nature's amazing results - Tremaine Wesson & Clivia YEAR BOOKS 19 The two missing yearbooks – Feedback from Exco 21 & CLIVIA TOURS Clivia over 12 months (3) Winter (June - August) - Helen Marriott 22 The Lay Photographer - James Haxton 34 & CLIVIA STORIES A Clivia Episode - Roger Fisher 36 Clivias beneath the Northern Lights - Felipe Orlans 41 & CLIVIA HISTORY The Clivia Society - Early Years - James Abel 42 & RELATED Northern Clivia Club’s annual auction results - Joubert van Wyk 45 Clivia Club Membership - a few ideas to increase membership - Connie and James Abel 46 my marvellous C. mirabilis - Margaret Matthews 47 Colour compatibility between the Clivia species - Alick McLeman 49 Rare clones of C. robusta and further notes on the ecology of this new species - Wayne Haselau 52 & CLIVIA CLUBS & INTEREST GROUPS Garden Route Clivia Club Mini Interspecific Show 2013 - Willie and Cynthia le Roux 56 & Clivi-ArtA - Helen Sanders 58 & The Clivia society Inner Back Cover Advertisements WILL ANYONE WISHING TO ADVERTISE OR WHO KNOWS OF POTENTIAL SPONSORS OR ADVERTISERS PLEASE COMMUNICATE WITH communicate with Clayton Jonkers IN THIS REGARD - SEE INNER COVER FOR CONTACT DETAILS. The Clivia Society Newsletter started as a black on white news-sheet dated July 1992, numbered Volume 1 number 1, called 'Clivia Club'. It formed a means of communication for people interested in the plant genus Clivia. It was edited/written by the late Nick Primich with a frequency of 3, 5, 8 & 5 during the first 4 years, using the publication month in the volume. The frequency was fixed on four annually with Vol. 5 No 1 of March 1996. The date changed to the southern hemisphere seasons with Vol. 8 No 1 of Autumn 1999. The first three used yellow paper as cover. The name changed to 'CLIVIA CLUB NEWSLETTER' with Vol. 9 No 1 Autumn 2000 with full colour photos on the cover pages. Another name change to 'CLIVIA SOCIETY NEWSLETTER' came with Vol. 10 No 4 Summer 2000, and in 2005 reverted to a quarterly number. CLIVIA NEWS is the continuation of this series.

1 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013

Editorial

t is with great sadness that as we were going to press we learnt about the passing I of Oom Pat. Our condolences go out to his family and all his clivia friends. It is also with great sadness that we heard of the passing of Ansie Viljoen, the wife of Naas Viljoen. It was always good seeing her at the Society AGM or at NCC meetings and shows. Our thoughts are with their family. We have had an interesting flowering season ‘WC Pondo Plum’ by Wayne Haselau in South Africa this year, stretching over a a high level of confidence, predict the outcomes slightly longer period than usual; various of particular crosses. This brings me to another growers associate it with the warmer than usual aspect of the value of a breeder’s collection: winter we have had. I noticed that a lower the engagement with the subject with the number of my plants flowered and that there objective of trying to get to know your plants were slightly fewer plants on show this year in and their breeding characteristics. This may be comparison with last year. The potential upside a task that is never complete but the challenge is that next year could be a bumper flower for generations to come. Different people seek season, with many plants having had a good different things from their collections but part of rest this year, which would add significantly the opportunity is using the ”addiction” to get to the excitement surrounding the Society’s to know and understand oneself better. In my quadrennial international conference in 2014. opinion, the latter understanding gives meaning In the past few months I have been wondering and is of infinite value. a lot about the value of collections. The financial Thank you for all the great articles you have value is conceptually the easier part: the value sent me. I look forward to receiving pictures of an asset in today’s terms is equal to the from the various shows around the southern discounted future earnings capacity of the asset. hemisphere so that we can share them with In other words, the income you can derive from one another and to use all opportunities to breeding with the plant in the future (i.e. selling develop and expand our community. & seed / seedlings / eventually adult plants) as Joubert van Wyk well as income generated from selling the plant and offsets produced by it. The price of a plant Editor – Clivia News and its offsets is influenced by factors such as P.S. Cut-off date for submissions for the next desirability and scarcity. The price of seed etc., Clivia News: 10 December 2013. on the other hand, is influenced by the same but Erratum: Heidi Nerurkar took the picture on also the uniqueness of the specific cross and, as the front cover of Clivia News 22-02. It was such, its future unique breeding potential plays part of the article on her tour to Japan. It is a a major part in determining its perceived value. plant from Mr. Nakayama. Please see another The reality is, however, that there are not that picture taken by Heidi in the same row of many people in our community who can, with plants – back cover.

EDITOR OF NEWSLETTER & YEARBOOK Joubert van Wyk: PO Box 1820, Houghton, 2041, Republic of South Africa & Tel: +27 83 307 7707 & E-mail: [email protected] PUBLIC RELATIONS OFFICER Clayton Jonkers, PO Box 413, Cape Town, 8000 Home & Tel: +27 21 913 0416 & Mobile +27 083 267 7206 & E-mail: [email protected] & Design & Layout Fréda van Wyk & Cover: Masthead Design TERSia van Rensen & Printing Seriti Printing, Unit 6, 49 Eland Street, Koedoespoort, Pretoria .Tel:+27 12 333 9757

2 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013

CLIVIA PERSONALITIES Marguerite Blaser By Joy Woodward, the Secretary of the Cape Clivia Club

arguerite Blaser passed away early on Sunday morning at the age of M 108, two months short of her 109th birthday. Marguerite joined our Club in 1997, soon after its inception. She lived in Lansdowne Road for over 60 years and remembered when it was still a gravel road used by horse-drawn carriages. She lived there alone growing her Clivia, herbs and other plants until 2011 when she moved to Nazareth House in Oranjezicht. In 2004 when she turned 100, she was granted Honorary Membership of the Cape Clivia Club and in her honour a beautiful silver trophy was introduced to be awarded to the “Best Peach” Blaser trophy for best peach at the annual Show – this was Marguerite’s choice because she loved the peaches. On her lessons. She was then over 100! – John van 106th birthday, Helen Zille [then Mayor of Cape der Linde] Town – JvdL] visited her and Marguerite proudly She believed that honesty, religion and strong showed her the cream Clivia miniata that was family values are essential to a good life. She flowering for the first time, the result of her own was married for 47 years and spoke of her late cross-pollination and propagation from seed husband, John, as a wonderful husband and when she was 101 years old. father and “the greatest joy” in her life; they Marguerite’s secret to longevity, she said, is that had two sons and two daughters. She was a she believed in a healthy diet, free of red meat, devout Catholic and worked tirelessly to raise no alcohol or smoking, and never to be idle – funds in support of her eldest son’s work – he she filled her life with dressmaking, crocheting, is a Priest. Amongst her treasures was a special cooking, gardening and demonstrating the commendation from the Pope for fifty years of making and cooking of pasta. At the age of devoted work for Catholic Welfare. 100, she started to crochet a bedspread which Marguerite Blaser was a great inspiration to us. would take three years. [She apologised for not We bid her fond farewell. attending a Saturday morning Club meeting No doubt her record of being the oldest member because she was busy giving pasta-making of the Clivia Society will remain uncontested! &

Eastern Cape Clivia People By Felicity Weeden

was charmed to read Charl Malan’s very came from France and they never learned to human article in Clivia News Vol. 22 No.1. I speak Afrikaans). I was also surprised and delighted to discover My mother, a very keen gardener, also grew that his family lived in the same part of the some clivia and when I walked into a garden Eastern Cape as mine did, his at Patensie and here in the Overberg, I immediately recognised mine in the Uitenhage district. (My grandparents a certain plant. My immediate query was were known as the “Uitlanders” because they “Where did you get that one?” And the reply

3 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013 of course was Port Elizabeth. I don’t know Proof of this is surely his many Best On Show whether it was from the same nursery or the awards and the many other accolades he has same plant, but I still have that plant from my achieved over the years. mother’s garden, and it is named “Mom Dot” I think Charl’s advice regarding Clivia hybridi­ (Sentimental or what!). sing is excellent. I believe that as a beginner I liked Charl’s easy approach and his enthusiasm one should purchase the best seed or offsets and do I ever empathise with him about that one can afford. Most beginners are willing selecting and disposing of plants. This is so to accept any and every seed that comes their hard! You can be sure that at least one of the way, I did too! The more the merrier. Big unflowered plants you discard will produce mistake, especially if you have limited space. that special plant you have so eagerly awaited. It has often come to my notice that people Verdriet en trane! I think that space becomes want to replicate successful crosses and in a problem for most clivia collectors, but for pursuit of this end, will purchase both parent hybridisers it becomes a nightmare! plants. I see no point in this as no progress is I remember when I started with Clivia, “Charl being made. I think that taking the beautiful Malan” was recommended as a source of progeny of a particular cross and making quality material. I believe that this is directly different crosses with that plant is the way due to his connection with Yoshi Nakamura. to go. &

CONFERENCE AND RELATED 2014 Clivia Society Conference dates 16 September 2014 (Tuesday) – Habitat tours 17 September 2014 (Wednesday) – Habitat tours; Registration for Conference late afternoon. Function early evening. 18 September 2014 (Thursday) – Registration (early); Conference; Preview of International Clivia Show and function (Evening) 19 September 2014 (Friday) – International Clivia Show in conjunction with Sunday Tribune Garden Show. Visits to Growers. International Clivia Auction (3pm starting time) 20 September 2014 (Saturday) – International Clivia Show in conjunction with Sunday Tribune Garden Show. Visits to Growers. 21 September 2014 (Sunday) – International Clivia Show in conjunction with Sunday Tribune Garden Show. Visits to Growers. &

Caulescens ”Immersion” Tour 2014 By Connie and James Abel Contact details: +27-72-1162672, [email protected]

he clivia activity that we enjoy most is of fellow enthusiasts for several days, enjoying visiting clivias in their natural habitats of the company of old friends and making new ones Tclimate, topography and soils and seeing from around the world. We have arranged 10 their association with other plants in the forest. tours since the first in 1993, the last three being A bonus is being in the midst of some of the full bus tours in 2002 (25 enthusiasts), 2006 most beautiful South African scenery and the (43 - photo I Coates) and 2007 (44). We have ”Immersion” in the heading refers to the cream enjoyed them all, and were delighted when this on top – being in the company of a large group contribution resulted in a Clivia Society award.

4 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013

The 2014 tour to caulescens country on the The tour will finish with a visit to Barberton Eastern Escarpment of the Northern Drakensberg and Bearded Man mountain, site of the only will first visit sites with names that will resonate described natural hybrid Nimbicola. To whet with any enthusiast – The Pinnacle, God’s appetites the first two photos (on the next Window, Wonder View (where in 2002 we saw page) are from Mariepskop showing the sheer a caulescens with a 2.2m stem) and Mariepskop. eastern escarpment face and roadside clivias, Although a bit early for caulescens flowering, and the third is from God’s Window (G Gers). there are always a few early in bloom. These The next photo has Bearded Man on the skyline sites are shown in the Google photo above (T Pearton), reclining with face to the left. It (T Pearton). Top right is the much drier Lowveld, also shows a typical escarpment scene of rolling home to the Kruger National Park. grassland with sub-tropical forest (and clivias)

5 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013

The tour is timed to fit in with the international conference, with a packed 16 days of three clivia shows, the caulescens tour, the clivia conference, show, auction and KZN habitat tours. A major flower show will be held in conjunction with the KZN clivia show. Other clivia shows precede and follow the three-week period. (See schedule on page 7.) We will travel in a luxury bus, with local transport for the final 10 km at Bearded Man. The only mildly strenuous portion (all are optional) will be the uphill walk from the parking area to the rain forest at God’s Window. on the southerly aspects. The SA/Swaziland Planning will be on a break-even basis and boundary runs horizontally across the photo. funds will be under the control of the Clivia The map below shows the proposed 2014 tour Society. The cost per person including trans­ route. port, accommodation and meals from Tuesday­ lunch to Thursday breakfast is estimated to be between R1600 and R2300 depending on the bus size and utilisation. We request interested enthu­ siasts to e-mail us sooner rather than later, absolute- ly without commitment at this stage. Please indicate whether you are ”probable” or ”possible” participants. We will keep everyone informed with updates while firming up the numbers, and it will be ”first come first served”. Final details will be circulated in May/June with a request for commitment and payment. Perhaps a few previous par­ ticipants would like to e-mail their comments (con as well as pro) to us for the guidance of others.&

6 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013

Managing Hybrid Vigour in Clivia Breeding By Felix Middleton lant breeding is regarded as the art and extent this potential is realised. science of sorting and directing variation. Genetic variation P The success of our efforts can be improved by awareness of patterns and boundaries in The genotypic component of variation can be natural organisation. The art in breeding is de­- partitioned into two elements. One, the additive fined by the creative ways in which we can use effect, is easy to manipulate. The other, variation this information to organise variation through due to dominance, is not well understood, is un­- selection. Hybrid vigour is one of those attributes predictable and generally not easy to manage. that confound breeding and selection, especially One way to demonstrate these components is if the breeder is unaware of its effect. to examine the phenomenon of hybrid vigour. The following should not be regarded as a The aim of a commercial hybrid breeding purist scholarly article on genetics in clivias. The programme is to produce a plant or animal content is based on sentiment, own opinion, that outperforms the genetic contributions of and limited experience with a large helping its parents. When we cross two diverse true of educated guessing. Furthermore, genetic terminology has been applied loosely in order to make reading easier. Classifying variation Any observable variation between plants of the same type is due to the action and interaction of genotype and environment – dubbed the nature vs. nurture effect. Consider two similar looking bonsai oak trees. Transplant cuttings from both into well fertilised garden soil, discontinue the relentless mutilation and the trees will grow into mighty oaks. If the bonsai trees originated from seedlings, they will be genetically dissimilar. By providing an optimal growing condition, one liberated tree might grow faster than the other while the other may be quicker to produce acorns. The genotype determines the potential Blush form of a midlands C. gardenii. Note the to perform; the environment determines to what low floret count.

7 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013

Defined by Wikipedia: Genotype refers to the total genetic variation. This includes not only the effects of nuclear genes, but also the effects of mitochondrial genes and the interactions between genes. Genotypic variation can be partitioned into additive and dominance variation: • Additive variation represents the cumulative effect of individual loci, therefore the overall mean is equal to the summed contribution of these loci. • Dominance variation represents interaction between alleles. If a trait is controlled by a dominant allele, then both homozygous and heterozygous individuals will display the same phenotypic value.

Blush form of Ngome C. gardenii. Note floret count and flaring of petal tips. breeding varieties, the offspring does not always necessarily only display the combination of traits from the individual parents. We often find that the progeny grows faster, matures earlier, has larger flowers and produces more seed than either of its parents. These unexpected qualities are classed as dominance variation. Traits that we observed in the parents and which are then inherited by the progeny are termed additive variation. Hybrid vigour is also expressed when Ngome C. gardenii Minigard interspec F1 different species are hybridised. Consider, for example, a cross between Clivia and therefore transferrable to the progeny. It is gardenii and C. miniata. (Clivia Minigard). “The classed as an additive component of variation. Gem” nursery in Greytown KZN breeds many Similarly, the floret count on an Ngome C. Ngome C. gardenii x C. miniata interspecifics. gardenii is usually greater than its “Midlands” C. Most are fast growing robust plants with gardenii counterpart. This difference is obvious large umbels sporting multi-coloured florets. between the two Minigards and in this example Although the Ngome C. gardenii is inherently can also be classed as additive variation. We a large plant, the robustness of the Minigard occasionally find that the floret count of a C. outperforms that of either parent. This hybrid miniata x C. miniata hybrid is much higher vigour is part of the dominance component of than either of the parents. This suggests that variation. The flaring floret tip which is typical of variation in floret count can be the result of the Ngome C. gardenii parent is noticeable in, both additive as well as dominance elements.

8 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013

late the genetic potential itself. The additive component of genetic variation is fixable while the dominance element is not. The genetic concept of fixing genes does not imply that something was broken. It describes a condition where trait variation can be stabi- lised. A simple example is the inheritance of yellow pigment- ed flowers in C. miniata. The F1 between a true breeding orange and a yellow will exhib- it the colour of the orange parent, or at least a shade of orange. However a few plants from the next generation, after selfing or sib-pollination, will be yellows. These yellows will be true breeding in that self- ing will result in only yellow flowering progeny. As the trait is recessive it is easy to fix or stabilise. This is also applicable to the more complex traits such as leaf size. However stabilising such traits is more challenging as there are many additive genes at work, and all need to be stabilised before a grower can claim that he or she has developed a true breeding strain. Midlands C. gardenii Minigard F1 Focus on the additive component Partitioning variation into its environmental, dominance and additive components is not only for academic amusement. A plant propagator or breeder, by knowing which trait falls into which category, will be better equipped to manage the variation and be less frustrated by unpredictable results. As clivia growers we aim to manipulate the environment merely to maximise the plant’s inherent genetic potential. Given the amount of variation within the clivia group, why should we even try to alter traits by modifying the environ- C. miniata – 'Appoline', a superior yellow hybrid ment? It is easier and more enjoyable to manipu- (The Gem Nursery)

9 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013

sets is that the multi- plication rate is low. In vitro propagation is often pitched as an alternative. The cost, time and effort to establish a regene­rating cul- ture renders this practice feasible for only those highly valuable geno­types. Furthermore, the financial value of a clivia clone is deter- mined by its avail- ability and abun- dance. By releasing even a limited num- ber of clones drasti- cally reduce its value. In my opinion In C. miniata – An inferior Yellow C. miniata vitro multiplication ex-habitat clone of clivia should at this stage rather be used to preserve some of our scarce clivia species and Guiding variation unique sub-populations of species. Currently the best way to propagate clivia is The ultimate aim of a breeding programme through seed. It is easy to obtain seed via the is to generate a product with a predictable internet, from nurseries and better still, directly attribute, be it yield or merely appearance. from the breeder at a clivia exhibition or show. For clivia we can propa- gate a superior plant by taking­ offsets. Even with a highly heterogeneous genotype, each offset should be an identi- cal clone and therefore harbour the genetic potential of the mater- nal plant. Exceptions do exist. Offsets taken from plants with leaf variega- tion, chimeric plants and plants where the geno- type is unstable (unu- sual ploidy levels) are not always identical to that of the mother plant. The disadvantage of pro­ Picture 7: Clivia Hybrid – Hirao: A candidate for propagation through tissue pagating by way of off- culture (The Gem nursery)

10 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013

Some seeds are quite expensive, especially if a slow or even impede progress. detailed parentage is supplied. In many instanc- 2) The founding population should not be too es the seed may not be true breeding. The small but contain an adequate amount of outcome of a cross between two show winners variation to work from and direct. is not predictable and buying such seed does 3) Inbreeding should preferably be attained by not guarantee a specific type. Nevertheless, by sib-pollination over multiple generations. understanding the inheritance of additive traits 4) Attempting to stabilise traits too quickly and buying from an honest breeder one can by selecting only a few progeny each cycle purchase seed that is sure to produce a plant of inbreeding, or by merely selfing down with, for example, the type 1 yellow, green a single plant will lead to the fixing of throat, peach or multi-petal trait. The more deleterious traits. complex traits such as plant vigour, umbel size 5) only the additive component of the variation and flower shape are mostly governed by the is fixable. When selecting within a cycle, a dominance genetic component. Seedlings from breeder should refrain from selecting the a cross between two vigorous parents will not more robust plants as these are likely to all grow into vigorous plants. As a rule, plant harbour more variation. vigour is not fixable. 6) A line or strain should be regarded as a Line breeding population of plants. A single individual is the product of line breeding and should not be One way to produce seed with a predictable used on its own to propagate the strain. genotype is to make use of line breeding. Many A strain, although regarded as true breeding, such clivia lines or strains have been shaped will still produce offspring that are slightly by repeated selection over multiple breeding different from the parents. Yet, a matured generations. One of the most renowned is strain that has been properly maintained will the Daruma strain. This short-leaved compact always produce siblings of a predictable type. plant typically produces a flower spike that seldom protrudes very high above the leaves. It Hybrid breeding was developed, and is still being improved, by As noted earlier, the aim of a hybrid breeding repeated cycles of sibling crossing and selection. programme is to produce a plant or animal The sibbed or selfed progeny of the Daruma that outperforms the genetic contributions of strain is normally true breeding as variation has its parents. Furthermore, all the progeny from been minimised due to extensive inbreeding. the cross needs to be identical with no genetic The success of line breeding depends on a few variation between individuals. The only way to basic principles: obtain this predictable uniform product is to 1) When starting such an endeavour it is cross two highly inbred plants with each other. important for the breeder to have a clear type Inbreeding is a long-term, tedious process. Most in mind. Altering this goal along the way will plant breeders agree that an acceptable degree

Hybrid Breeding Scheme Step 1 Generate Variation Create variation by crossing plants which contain desired traits Step 2 Direct and order variation use recurrent cycles of selection and self-pollination to guide and fix variation in an inbred line Step 3 Test for combining ability Intercross and evaluate different sets of inbreds in order to find a combination which shows hybrid vigour Step 4 Bulk up Inbreds maintain and increase the compatible set of inbreds by selfing Step 5 Produce Hybrid Large scale commercial production of hybrid. This is generally obtained by way of manual emasculation or by using self-sterility crossing techniques.

11 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013 of inbreeding has been attained only after at distinguishing species include morphological least five generations of self-pollination. Given dissimilarities, geographic isolation, isolation the lengthy generation cycle of clivia, this practice due to flowering date and genetic dissimilarity. will be of interest to the younger members of the Hybrid vigour is an indirect measure of the latter. Clivia Society only. Alternatively, we can make Should we regard the Ngome C. gardenii as a use of partially inbred strains. To my knowledge, different species? A discussion for another time clivia breeding and propagation is only regulated – we may have subdivided the genus into too by conservation based legislation in South Africa. many groups already. Plant breeder rights have not been imposed and Clivia robusta hopefully will not be implemented by breeders soon. This allows any person the freedom Most wild clivia populations exist as naturally to purchase a plant (excluding ex-habitat C. isolated pockets of similar looking individuals. mirabilis), propagate it and breed with it. Ecologically speaking, a specific plant type has Crossing two strains will produce progeny that been favoured by either selection or genetic will be similar to one another. drift and is now exploiting a niche in this isolated micro-environment. The Clivia robusta Furthermore, depending on the magnitude of species seems to operate quite differently. genetic dissimilarity between the two strains, Although also growing in ecologically isolated the progeny may also exhibit hybrid vigour. Traits patches, variation within each sub-population such as faster growth, larger plant type, umbel tends to be surprisingly high. This is especially size and the ability to produce multiple offsets evident when considering the variation in can be exploited in this way. A commercial flower shape and colour within relatively small advantage of such a programme is that the patches of plants. There are many theories that buyer of this F1 hybrid will not be able to might explain this discrepancy; the obvious reproduce the type by seed. is centred on the idea of early stage species This is theoretically also possible by crossing development following a hybridisation event. plants that were obtained from different wild Similar to what is currently transpiring with populations. Here I should note that I am not the C. x Nimbicola event at the Bearded Man an advocate of taking plants from the wild. mountain. In my opinion it is a little more Many breeders do maintain and sell clonal complex than this. C. robusta inhabits marshy propagated stock from habitat plants that could environments. Slow growing runty plants will be used to this extent. Wild clivias often exist not survive in these environments and only as isolated interbreeding populations. Genetic the fast growing robust plants will be able to variation between these populations tends populate these niche habitats. Self-pollination to be higher than the variation within the of a C. robusta plant is generally not possible population due to partial inbreeding. The smaller due to genetic self-incompatibility barriers. isolated populations can be regarded as naturally Furthermore, seed collected from the wild developed strains. Intercrossing individuals from produce a high frequency of weak seedlings. different populations will produce seedlings with All of these observations points towards a similar genetic potentials (i.e. repeatable and species that utilises dominance variation and predictable). We can even exploit the advantages therefore hybrid vigour to survive. Inbreeding of hybrid vigour by intercrossing between two is detrimental; therefore self-incompatibility genetically diverse populations. Incidentally, as structures have been favoured and fixed hybrid vigour is an indirect measure of genetic through generations of natural selection. dissimilarity, we could use it as a measure of species development. Crossing a Midlands C. Concluding remarks gardenii with an Ngome C. gardenii produces The process of natural adaptation is founded on progeny that express high levels of hybrid vigour. breeding (creating variation), selection (directing Some of the facets that are considered when variation) and reproduction (multiplying a

12 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013 specific type). In plant breeding we follow of variation through controlled inbreeding. a similar process. We create large amounts The objective of line breeding should be to of variation by crossing diverse genotypes, produce a true breeding strain in as short a select for aesthetic value and then attempt to time as possible. By selecting the more robust multiply these on a large scale. The success of plants a breeder will keep active a component a breeding programme is determined by the of inheritance that cannot be maintained and awareness and application of various basic therefore prolong the development of a true genetic principles. One of these is the reduction breeding strain. &

International Society for Horticultural Science Commission for Nomenclature and Registration ICRA Report for 2008-2012. By Ken Smith

1. Report from the ICRA for the denomination class(es): CLIVIA 2. Name of body appointed as ICRA: The Clivia Society 3. Name, address and email contact of the International Registrar: Kenneth R. Smith 593 Hawkesbury Road, Winmalee, NSW 2777 AUSTRALIA [email protected] 4. Number of new registrations in each year 2008-2012: 2008....25 2009....sorry, don’t have a reliable source of this data at the moment. 2010.... sorry, don’t have a reliable source of this data at the moment. 2011... sorry, don’t have a reliable source of this data at the moment. 2012.... sorry, don’t have a reliable source of this data at the moment. 5. How many names (whether registered or not) do you now have on record? 1200 in the April 2009 publication. 6. Do you maintain a record of names that are or have been in use but which are not formally registered? If so how has this developed in the report period? This is true. Many Society member use names as “garden names” then deal with other members using those names, then sell them at shows (or even on eBay). 7. When was your last Register and/or Checklist published? Please give details April 2009. 8. Do you have plans to publish another Register and/or Checklist? Please give details. Yes, many members want it in hardcopy - it is time. 9. Are your records now held electronically? If so can others have access to these? Please give details Yes.

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They are at.... http://www.cliviaregister.com/ 10. Please list any hardcopy publications of Registers, Checklists and Supplements produced in the report period: Checklist and Register of Clivia Cultivars....April 2009 Also the book Clivia: Nurture or Nature by Dirk Swanevelder & Roger Fisher Published by BRIZA publications, 2009 11. Are there any other relevant, purely electronic, publications that you would like to bring to our attention? The Register....see question 9 12. Have you undertaken any other activities to promote registration in this period (e.g. other publications, lectures etc.). Please give details. Newsletters....the Clivia Society Newsletter Lectures....I promote locally ( and overseas) when I give lectures/talks on the genus. 13. Do you have an application form for a new registration available on line? If, so please give details. http://www.cliviaregister.com/ 14. Do you liaise with any relevant Plant Breeders’ Rights/Plant Patent Authorities? I am a Qualified Person with Biosecurity Australia (AQIS)...number QP ID: 1568 15. Do you have any arrangements with other specialist Societies in other parts of the world to gather registration data to be forwarded to you? If so, please give details. Yes, The Clivia Society PO Box 74868, Lynnwood Ridge,0040. Chairman: Christo Topham +27 82497 5879 e-mail: [email protected] .....All associated Clubs and Societies have been asked to provide assistance. These are Clubs in South Africa, and Societies in New Zealand, Japan, the USA, and Australia. 16. Are you aware of significant gaps in your current or historical records? If so, please indicate how you hope to deal with them. Not aware of any major gaps, with the exception of the Chinese cultivar groups...this is a hard nut to crack. I have many texts in Chinese and can supply scans if required. An Australian member, Eddie Pang, is a great source of information on the Chinese connection. 17. Do you consider that there might be a demand in the group for which you are ICRA to have a horticultural category defined purely on parentage (i.e. some form of grex)? If so, please indicate its relevance. This has been put forward in the book by Harold Koopowitz...”CLIVIAS” published by Timber Press, 2002 18. Have you encountered problems associated either with nomenclatural or procedural issues during this period that you would like to bring to the attention of the Commission? If so, please give details. Yes, there are “problems” of the Clivia fraternity either not knowing or just disregarding the “rules”. Perhaps this is not just a Clivia problem? The worldwide issue of localised “naming” is also another point to ponder....nothing new here. 19. Can you confirm that you wish to remain as ICRA for the denomination class(es) noted above? Yes please. &

14 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013

CLIVIA BREEDING Breeding ‘Romulus’ and ’Remus’ By Felicity Weeden

have been told many times by experienced On investigation, I discovered that ‘Perfect breeders that “You must have a goal when Pastel’ exhibits a tiny amount of green when hybridising”. I started out with the clear first opening. goal of breeding for large blooms. I have ‘Remus’ opened first and has lovely two- Isucceeded, but I seem to have developed a tone bronze flowers with a green throat on number of new goals along the way and I must a beautiful round umbel. Whereas the parent admit, if something comes into bloom that plants are both large, this is a compact plant takes my fancy, that “something” becomes my with neat shorter leaves and it suckers freely. latest goal. Using this plant as a pod or pollen parent, By pure luck I came by a most beautiful pastel. excellent results have occurred, always with It is a large robusta plant with long narrow green throats and in shades of pink pastel. In leaves, beautiful flowers and a spherical umbel, fact, ‘Remus’ produces really lovely recurved held well above the leaves. A truly beautiful and green throats and seems to have the ability to striking specimen, called ‘Perfect Pastel’. During cross successfully with many partners. a visit to Suezette and Christo Lotter, I spotted ‘Romulus’, the second seedling to bloom, is a fine cral-coloured clivia of Nakamura breeding really spectacular. It is the soft colour of old- and duly acquired some pollen from Christo. weathered bricks with some green suffusion Crossing this onto ‘Perfect Pastel’ produced and a green throat. Again the fine umbel 'Romulus' and 'Remus', so called because the appeared. This plant, dare I say it, automatically coral-coloured pollen parent had fused pedicels. wins Gold on show. However, to date I have not The interesting thing was that these two plants flowered any successful crosses from ‘Romulus’. each had green throats, while the parents I have crossed it to its sibling, ‘Remus’, and didn’t exhibit any green that I was aware of. pod parent, ‘Perfect Pastel’ and still await these results. ‘Perfect Pastel’ is a most willing pollen parent. Crossed with ‘Ansie's Delightsome’, it produced ‘Sym­pho­ny of Angels’, a large plant with a huge umbel of large, beautiful pink pastel florets. Quite outstanding, but it flowered too early for the show! Crossed with my Vico cell/tissue culture clone, it produced large pale peach coloured blooms. While I tend to move on from the earlier par- ent plants, there are some such as ‘Romulus’, Gladys 'Blackbeard' x 'Remus' ‘Remus’ and ‘Perfect

15 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013

'Perfect Pastel'

Pastel’ that I feel still deserve further attention. I think the way forward with ‘Remus’ could be to try and retain its compact size. Because the whole plant, the umbel and florets are dain- ty and smaller in size, I think perhaps further breeding for colour variations is a good option. Possibly one could work towards big- ger blooms, but I like the idea of the altogether smaller plant of good pro- 'Remus Delight' portions.

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One of the finest results I have had from a ‘Remus’ cross was called ‘Remus Delight’ which flowered in 2012 winning Gold at the Cape Clivia Show. In this case, the cross was made using 'Gladys Blackbeard' pollen and produced a large perfect umbel of palest pink/apricot with a green throat. Basically just ‘Remus’ in pale pastel, which is what I had hoped to achieve. Where ‘Romulus’ is con- cerned, perhaps the right pollen parents still need to be found. However, the colour of this plant is so special that I don’t know if one could improve upon it. Possibly the umbel could be improved, but I would hate 'Remus' x 'Dooley' to spoil that colour.

'Remus' x 'Perfect Pastel'

17 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013

'Remus'

I often feel when a really beautiful seedling ‘Romulus’ needs further refining, so hopefully appears, that there is nothing further to do a suitable and successful partner will be found to improve it. Strangely enough, I feel that for it soon. &

'Romulus'

18 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013 Nature’s amazing results By Tremaine Wesson

was introduced to clivias in 2002 by our @ US$5 per seed. current chairman, Willie Le Roux of the It cost me a handsome R404,60. In 2003, in Eastern Province Clivia Club. With great my opinion, this was expensive for seeds. I enthusiasm one started to purchase any planted these seed in a 2kg ice-cream plastic Iavail ­able seed/seedling/offset/plant that one's container with slightly damp pool sand (a budget could afford, or find some justification Willie Le Roux method). The germination was for why one needed that particular Clivia. successful and in 2007, the No 8 Yellow Green It was during one of these frenzies in 2003 that Throat (YGT) flowered for the first time. I purchased seeds from one of the stalwart Clivia This particular YGT was impressive and I growers, Tino Ferrero. In those days, his seeds instantly took a great liking to it. At that stage, were quoted in US Dollars and at that stage, I didn't know the difference between a Group one US dollar cost approximately seven Rand. 1 and Group 2 yellow. I later found out that I purchased the following from Tino on 23 this YGT is a Group 1 yellow. I started taking October 2003: photographs of this particular YGT (No 8) from • No 7 - Yellow Green Girl Sibling x Yellow one year to the next. Green Girl @ US$5 per seed. It was quite amazing how this Yellow Green • No 8 - Bill Morris Yellow Green Throat x Throat (YGT) changed annually. I'm sure Yellow Green Girl @ US$4 per seed. weather conditions/temperature has a lot to • No 12 - Pink x Pink @ US$3 per seed. do with the differences in the green throat • No 9 - Best Chubb Peach x Best Chubb Peach intensity and possibly, the shape of the flowers

YGT September 2007

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YGT September 2009 YGT September 2011

YGT September 2009

YGT September 2012

20 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013

(see photos). I kept the plant in the same found these anomalies. For those who might position in the shade house and my fertilisation be wondering what the results of the other programme remained regular. I used multi- seeds were, I was pleasantly surprised at the feed (high in Potassium), Bounce-Back, Calcium out-comes. One seed of the no 7 (Yellow Green Nitrate and even Osmocote to try and enhance Girl Sibling X Yellow Green Girl) turned out to the green throat. be outstanding. A no 9 (Pink X Pink) and a no I'm sure that even experienced growers have also 12 (Chubb Peach) had slightly green throats. &

Year BOOKS The two missing yearbooks Feedback from Exco lthough the AGM representatives The problem being experienced with the instructed the two editors (Roger finalisation of the Revue edition 14 yearbook Fisher and Roger Dixon) to publish is the photographs of the C. robusta species. some of the best articles from The authors of the original C. robusta species previousA newsletters in this “Revue 14 -edition”, require that the original photos accompany the they decided to rather combine the six original description in our publication. Roger Fisher has botanical descriptions and sketches of the six been in contact with Dirk Swanevelder, who in species in one publication. turn referred him to Andy Forbes Hardinge, who The Exco Committee members agreed that this supplied most of the photos, but he no longer will result in a rare and precious publication, has the files. We've tried to use the pdf version which may become Africana in years to come. of the published online article, but Tersia van Not in their wildest dreams did the two Rogers Rensen has said that the standard of their quality imagine that obtaining the consent of the is not publishable. What we still need, however, authors and artists to re-publish their work is a good hard copy of the original article in would prove to be virtually impossible. It would order to scan these at highest resolution, but a have been best to have allowed five years for a hard copy of the journal has not been located. If project like this! Unfortunately the publication is anyone can help Roger Fisher in locating such an not quite ready yet. original article, he and all Exco members will be

21 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013 most grateful. yearbooks in future,are published in April. The Exco Committee sincerely regrets this As such for the 2014 yearbook containing situation and hopes to supply all paid up articles from Natal breeders on themselves (as in members worldwide with two different a BIO), their plants and what breeding is taking yearbooks in 2014! place now and ideas into the future, will be As such the species issue (14) is anticipated to published in April 2014. These articles would be distributed sometime during 2014 and the be accompanied by photos. Conference issue (15) in April 2014. As the quadrennial conference is being held in Yearbook 2013 (Yearbook 15) Natal in 2014 it will give all members an up-to- date guide to the different breeders in the area. For this edition the editor and publisher (Christo The idea is to have the articles with Joubert by Topham) never received enough submissions. 15 December 2013, which will help him to have All members will appreciate that if the AGM the publication ready by April 2014. This will appoints a new publisher in May, it will be be accompanied with some 2013 show results virtually impossible to produce a yearbook of and photos, provided that the clubs send these 100 pages in August or early September of the in timeously. This will hopefully encourage and same year. motivate our local and international society The Exco Committee sincerely regrets to inform members to attend the quadrennial conference all members that no yearbook for the year 2013 in September. will be published. To compensate members for A yearbook will then be published every four this loss of the 2013 yearbook, the membership years in April, giving the host Club and neigh­ fees to The Society is reduced to 75 % of the bouring clubs and Interest Groups some normal membership fees. exposure and recognition in the region where This concession will be applicable only to the the quadrennial Conference will be held. membership fees for 2014. The papers delivered at the Conference will then Yearbook 2014 (Yearbook 15) be published in the next yearbook after the Joubert van Wyk is the editor and publisher of Conference (April 2015). this issue. Since Joubert van Wyk took over as publisher Exco would like to propose the publication of of Clivia News we feel that every edition was two yearbooks, during every four years, going “bigger and better” and hugely appreciated forward: by all, with many compliments by individual members’ worldwide. That in conference years the club hosting the conference, and the clubs in the vicinity of such The Exco Committee sincerely trusts that this a club, contribute articles on the breeders and suggestion meets everyone’s expectations. & collectors in their area on their collections, current On behalf of all Exco members breeding, ideas for the future etc. And that the 2013-10-30

REGULARS Clivia over 12 months (3) Winter (June - August) By Helen Marriott ollowing on from May, C. gardenii (Figs. interspecific hybrids of the pendulous flowers 1-2) continued to flower in Melbourne also expand our collections these days. Fduring the month of June, alongside the From early to mid-winter, C. miniata x C. gardenii less commonly found C. robusta. Occasionally, interspecific hybrids began to demand attention. a plant produced two flowering stems, one in For instance, two siblings from the late Mick May, followed by another in June, as did C. Dower’s cross of ‘Goblin’/’Green Goblin’ x Hirao gardenii, ‘Malachite’. Intraspecific as well as just overlapped in their blooming time and

22 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013

Fig. 1 ‘Malachite’

Fig. 2 ‘Harburg Blush’

23 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013 showed slightly different flower shapes, one C. nobilis interspecific hybrids (Figs. 8-10), and, possessing more rounded inner tepals than the of course, further interspecific hybrids based on other (Fig. 3). John Winter’s interspecific hybrid the Australian forms of C. x cyrtanthiflora. Quite of ’Kirstenbosch Yellow’ x ‘Ngome Yellow’ a few Australians are using this group of plants flowered impressively, with 26 flowers on this in their own breeding. Recently, one cross of C. occasion (Fig. 4). x cyrtanthiflora x ‘Aurea’ produced an attractive Also valuable for breeding purposes are the fawn-coloured flower (Fig. 11) and another plant, multitepal x interspecific hybrids emanating when crossed with an orange pollen parent, from Japan which flowered during this winter produced a flower with contrasting colours on period. Showing much potential is Shigetaka the inner and outer tepals (Fig. 12). Sasaki’s multitepal x ‘Day Tripper’, a C. miniata Interspecifics which are crossed again to C. x C. caulescens interspecific hybrid (Fig. 5). miniata are increasing in number in many places, Similarly, his multitepal x C. gardenii also exhibits further expanding the range of these hybrids. Figs. a multitepal tendency in its first F1 flowering 13-14 show one kind of bi-colour pattern found (Fig. 6) and is thus a positive sign of its breeding in ‘Juliet’, a (C. minata x C. caulescens) x yellow C. potential. Even with the multitepal used as the miniata interspecific hybrid. Here we can imagine pollen parent, the multitepal characteristic is that the C. miniata used in the primary cross was already visible in the F1 shown in Fig. 7 of (C. also yellow. Bred in Melbourne by Laurens Rijke is miniata x C. caulescens) x ‘Nakamura’s Super ‘Madeline Rose’, a multi-coloured flower which Multipetal’, though admittedly this multitepal is also derived from (C. minata x C. caulescens) is known as a strong parent for inheritance of x ‘Aurea’ (Figs. 15-16). In this case, the two that gene. umbels which flowered in consecutive months These three months have seen a continuation of on the same rhizome displayed rather different C. minata x C. caulescens as well as C. miniata x colouration patterns, not unsurprisingly because

Fig. 3 ‘Charity’ (‘Green Goblin’ x Hirao)

24 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013

Fig. 4 ‘Gypsy Queen’ (‘Kirstenbosch Yellow’ x ‘Ngome Yellow’)

Fig. 5 Multitepal x ‘Day Tripper’

Fig. 6 Multitepal x C. gardenii

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Fig. 7 (C. miniata x C. caulescens) x ‘Nakamura’s Super multitepal’

Fig. 8 C. miniata x C. caulescens

26 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013

Fig. 9 C. miniata x C. nobilis

Fig. 10 C. miniata x C. nobilis

27 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013

Fig. 11 C. x cyrtanthiflora x ‘Aurea’

Fig. 12 C. x cyrtanthiflora x C. miniata orange

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Fig. 14 ‘Juliet’ Fig. 13 (left) ‘Juliet’ 2013

Fig. 15 ‘Madeline Rose’

Fig. 16 ‘Madeline Rose’

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Fig. 17 (C. miniata orange x yellow) x ‘Day Dream’

Fig. 18 (C. miniata x C. caulescens) x self

Fig. 19 Variegated C. miniata x C. gardenii

30 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013

seven rhizomes, each produced a flowering umbel this year (Fig. 17). On the other hand, there are also special flowers from recalcitrant plants which never seem to produce offsets, have few flowers, are not good seed setters and do not provide much, if any, viable pollen. I consider this greeny (C. miniata x C. caulescens) x self as one such example (Fig. 18), though it does produce a little pollen. Interspecifics with variegated foliage add further interest. Fig. 19 shows an extremely vigorous C. miniata x C. gardenii which frequently produces new offsets. Since interspecifics with other than striata variegation remain unusual, deserving special attention was a first flower on Nakamura’s Light of Buddha x (C. miniata x C. caulescens) hybrid (Figs. 20-21). While winter is the prime time for seed pre­ paration, it also provides an opportunity for the enjoyment and close observation of berries, particularly their colours, shapes and sizes. This year I have become more aware of the range of

Fig. 20 Light of Buddha x (C. miniata x C. caulescens)

the second flower developed and bloomed inside, but also quite different flower sizes and shapes. Since there was only a relatively small difference in the number of flowers in the two umbels (23 and 20 flowers respectively), this was rather unexpected. Winter is the main flowering period for interspecifics and some of them certainly take centre stage. A pot of Yoshikazu Nakamura’s (C. miniata orange x yellow) x ‘Day Dream’, which now has

Fig. 21 Close-up of Fig 20 flower

31 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013

its parents. The pastel/green berries on the bottom left also followed an orange flower, similarly thought to include ‘Vico Yellow’ in its parentage. Australia has just experienced the warmest 12 months since climate records commenced 150 years ago and furthermore, this winter has been the warmest one on record for the state of Victoria. This warmth seems to have promoted the rapid growth of buds on C. miniata as August progressed and, like other members of the Melbourne Clivia Group, I started to wonder which plants would be at their peak – if not passed their peak – on 21 September for our CLIVIA EXPO. As the official start of spring approached, a few C. miniata engaged in battle with the Fig. 22 Mixed berries interspecifics for space inside the house variation in berry colour among the “European and these included several Gladys Blackbeard Peaches” and even among orange-flowering hybrids, ‘Original Green Girl’ with its delicate C. miniata. Berries from five different plants are first flower, and even a multitepal (Figs. 23-24), found in the vase arrangement shown in Fig. 22, among others. Unexpected were two umbels and all of them have some ‘Vico Yellow’ in their on C. nobilis which flowered in late August, heritage. For example, the darkish brown berries somewhat earlier than usual (Fig. 25). on the right come from an orange-flowering As one’s plants increase in size and require plant derived from ‘Vico Yellow’ as one of bigger pots and as new Clivia come into flower,

Fig. 23 ‘Original Green Girl’

32 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013

Fig. 24 ‘Chibayae’

Fig. 25 C. nobilis the problem of space is exacerbated for some increase the number of Clivia we grow. To make of us “backyard hobbyists”. Nakamura’s recent space, it’s better to dispose of mature plants advice was as follows: “In order to progress (in rather than seedlings”. This advice seems easier our breeding), we need to reduce, rather than said than done! &

33 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013 The Lay Photographer By James Haxton ne often sees published photographs Choosing the correct setting is often that lack proper white balance and more difficult than one expects. When we Otone. Yellow flowers may look greenish photograph flowers they are often in a shade while green leaves may have a blue tint. house or under trees. The light cannot simply Incorrect colour not only conveys incorrect be set to Shade, because the trees have green information of the subject, it also degrades the leaves that colour the light and shade houses visual quality of the image. Clivia photographers can have any colour netting, including yellow, should take care in ensuring that the colour of red and green. This is a good time to set the the final exhibited image is correct. camera’s WB to Custom. White balance (WB) is the purity reference for The Custom setting has to be measured colours in an image. White is the preferred first and then saved before it can be used. reference as it can easily be assessed to Fortunately the procedure is quite simple to determine whether it is pure white or any carry out. One needs a white surface that can shade of neutral grey without any colour being be placed over the subject. The white surface present. If the white reference looks right, one reflects the incident light back to the camera can assume that all the other colours will be and because the camera expects it to be a correct. white reference, the camera can adjust its The WB has to be adjusted before the compensation to suit. If the reference is not photograph is taken. Most cameras offer a perfectly white, the result will be tinted with wide range of settings for WB and typically a colour opposite to that of the reference. The include Auto, Daylight, Cloudy, Shade, reference can be a sheet from a note pad or Tungsten light, Fluorescent light and Custom. even a handkerchief or paper towel as long as The idea is that the photographer must assess it is pure white and thick enough not to pass the light and choose the appropriate setting. light from the subject and large enough to Most often Auto is chosen. In this mode, the completely fill the frame when one takes the camera will decide what the correct setting WB measurement. is and adjust the colour accordingly. Some The camera’s menu can be used to find the cameras will assess the general colour of the WB sequence. It will direct the user to aim the light and pick one of the options, while others camera at the white surface and push a series will average the scene and set the resulting of buttons. One has to make sure that only the colour to neutral grey. white surface is visible in the frame. The white Either method will produce a generally balance value is then saved and the reference acceptable picture but, strictly speaking, neither removed from the subject before the picture is is correct. The problem with automatically taken. The measurement has to be repeated picking a setting is that it works only if the when conditions change. light is ”easy”. If the averaging method is Advanced cameras that can store raw files used, the colours of the subject itself can shift have an advantage because raw files can be the balance. It is therefore better to manually manipulated afterwards using advanced photo assess the condition under which the photo editing software. All one needs is a known will be taken and then to set the camera neutral colour as a reference somewhere in the accordingly. Most cameras are fairly accurate image. A single mouse click on the reference when the setting is matched correctly to the achieves correct WB and the WB value can light condition prevailing at the time of the be applied to other images taken in the same shot. light.

34 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013

Light is not always uniform in colour. When is a light grey cloth. The colour cast (overall one works in the shadow of a tree or house, colour tint) is easily seen on the white marker. one has to be aware of different colours The image at the bottom left still shows blue in illuminating the subject, for example, blue from the leaves despite the correct WB setting. The the sky, red from the bricks, and green from the reason is that the sky was cloudless and blue. nearby tree. There is no setting that will correct The blue streaks are mirror-like reflections of that, so it is best to shoot where the light is the sky off shiny parts of the leaves. A partially uniform and not too harsh. Typical problems cloudy sky would have provided much better are blue shadows or a colour cast. reflected light even in the shade. The second The images shown above were taken under image is as good as it gets. A diffuser was the following conditions with the WB setting used to shade the subject and remove harsh in brackets: shadows. The third has good colour despite the environment because the flash overpowered Top row, left to right: Shade (Daylight), sunlight the ambient light. The flash tends to intensify (Shade), sunlight through green shade net the shadows as can be seen and the contrast is (Daylight) and sunlight through green shade slightly higher. The last image is reasonably well net (Shade). balanced but a slight shift in hue is present on Bottom row, left to right: Shade (Shade), the background due to the unevenness of the diffused sunlight (Daylight), sunlight through green light in the shade house. green shade net and flash (Flash) and sunlight In summary, the best conditions to shoot in through green shade net (Custom). are diffused sunlight or a cloudy sky at the Each image in the top row illustrates an respective settings. More difficult conditions incorrect setting. The bottom row shows can be managed by controlling the illumination images each taken at the best setting relative using a powerful flash or by controlling the to the conditions. The white T-marker was camera’s compensation with the Custom WB planted as a colour reference. The background setting. &

35 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013

CLIVIA STORIES A Clivia Episode By Roger Fisher

have had the odd clivia plants in our family to its Siren shores. gardens for most of my life. My grandmother While lunching at a staff gathering to take Igrew clivias in two pre-cast concrete pots that leave of a colleague, his wife – with whom I flanked her front doorway. If I recall correctly share plants-person intimacies – told me of a these containers were fashioned in the shape recent visit to her daughter’s new abode in the of large oak stumps, and on reflection, were Plettenberg Bay area, having delivered a boot- probably casts from life. Her father-in-law – load of ”ordinary” clivias from her Pretoria home my great grandfather – manufactured fancy for the garden down there. Popo, the Xhosa clay products in Observatory, Cape, and, as gardener there, took one look at these plants a sideline industry, cast decorative concrete and later proudly produced another three which pieces. Eventually the home and manufacturing he had collected from the ”bush”. She, in turn, yard was sold and demolished, and a domestic brought one back home with her to Pretoria electric appliances factory erected there. because it was "different". For myself, then much a past-fifty (now sixty) Well I was thunderstruck. I had been told a male stricken by the allure of the Clivia, I story some time ago by a senior colleague that became more attentive of this genus and its his mother was once given a clivia “out of the wiles lured me, much like the crew of Odysseus, Knysna forest” by a forester’s wife. Having read the article on the role of fire in the distribution of Clivia, I knew this would be unlikely. That clivia plant was placed in the garden of a guest-house in Plettenberg Bay many years ago, and then she forgot to remove it before returning home to Hazyview where she had planted a carpet of clivia beneath the sprawl of the tree canopy. Its progeny must today exist in and about Plettenberg Bay. I had by then pretty much committed to memory the distribution map of the genus Clivia which had been published in CLIVIA 5, and C. miniata was not meant to be found in the bush of the Plettenberg Bay area. I was determined to see the plant and went to scrutinise it at its Pretoria home the very next day. It is different. Its leaves are broadish and distinctly serrated along the entire margin, not dissimilar to those of C. nobilis. I phoned around the circle of knowledgeable clivia folk I had Detail of leaf tip then recently met and their common

36 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013

found them the next time I visited, and would not remove any more plants. In the meantime Clivia ‘Popo’ – it had now acquired a distinct personal identity – responded to care and greened and pushed an umbel. This flowering was sacrificed to science and samples were given to the Manie van der Schijff Herbarium for their records. The next blooming a year later marked that the time was auspicious and so arrangements were made for a trip back to Plettenberg Bay. I fetched Lucette, and much paraphernalia besides, since we were going to do “the rounds of Vader Cloete”. Not that I mind. Nothing gives me as much pleasure as discovering the back-roads of my own country and her people. This trip took us past the Camdeboo to Beervlei where we were to deliver parakeets, cages and plants. We travelled on to Plett through the mag­ nificence of the old Prince Alfred’s Pass, sur­ veyed by Andrew Geddes Bain but built by his son Thomas. “Might there be clivia lurking here ‘Popo’ - leaf base with first umbel bud too?” I wondered. On arrival, we negotiated with his employers to wisdom was that it was a garden escapee. The have Popo given time off from his gardening plant was also distinctly stressed, being chloritic commitments to take us to the spot where the and having the leaves stained whitish by salt plant was found. He said that the plants that residue. The borehole water available for the he had collected had been taken off a massive garden from where it had been planted and clump in the ”bush”, the veracity of which was from which it had been taken is brackish, having attested to by the large cross-sectional cut of high concentrations of calcium and magnesium the stolon of the offset. He had discovered them carbonates. along a route he jogged as part of his fitness I spoke to a botanist and asked what to make campaign as player in the local rugby club. of this particular specimen. We needed to wait We travelled the dirt roads which got bumpier until it had bloomed and also to inspect the and changed to tracks as we progressed, past population in the wild. I was travelling down the formal mass-housing of a past apartheid that way and put in a stop at the property to dispensation until we reached the shacks of the meet with Popo and ask him to stop removing current economic-apartheid present. Suspicious plants, but keep an eye on them until I had time people peered to see what we were up to and for a longer visit. It was dusk, an unseasonal Africanis-type dogs barked their indignation at thunderstorm was on the way, and I had still the intrusion. to negotiate those interminably long waits And then there was the “bush”. I was somewhat at the road-works on the way to George. On disappointed. It was not pristine and was seeing the area, which is farmland remote from uncomfortably close to civilization – correction the developed area of Plett, although rapidly – human habitation. There were also signs of a changing, the ”garden escapee” explanation pine plantation that had been felled some years became less convincing. before. This was not what I wanted to find, I met with Popo, reached an understanding that since nothing conclusive could then be deduced he would accompany me to the spot where he’d about the plant.

37 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013

ravine to the east. We admitted defeat, in retrospect, perhaps a little too easily. But I felt thwarted by the circumstances. We were obliged to continue our homeward journey, this time via Bloemfontein­ for the annual archi­ tectural Sophia Gray Memo­rial Lecture there, but none the wiser about Clivia ‘Popo’ and its definite status, be that as a habitat plant or garden escapee. And then, as if to compound the misfortune, there was a nasty accident on the way home, where fractions of seconds, ‘Popo’ - leaf surface before recovery degrees and meters separated us from a beheading beneath a tractor-drawn hay-wagon on the N10 - that all is a story in itself. I had rescued yet another speci­ men from the garden and it too escaped the circumstances of the accident and has bloomed. I cross pollinated the two plants, since the other pushed a second umbel. I’ve also put pollen on a single clump of my own ”ordinary” clivias in order to create a gene-bank of plants. But the mystery remains. ‘Popo’ new leaf surface after recovery Here are my hypotheses. If it is a garden escapee then there are several Worse was to follow. Popo, with an expression possibilities: of abject disbelief, took us to a recently erected 1. The nearby community is of Griqua electrical sub-station. The ground had been extraction. They arrived in the area in bulldozed out in order to create a level secured 1927. People from Elandsdrif (Cradock), area for its foundation. That was the precise Trompsburg, Louisvale, and elsewhere spot where the plants had been growing. I joined the trek led by Andrew Abraham inspected the piles of tree stumps and soil in Stockenström le Fleur “[The Reformer”] on the hope of spotting something that might the last trek of Griqua people from Kokstad. resemble a clivia clump but to no avail. Popo These people originally settled at Keurvlakte took the circumstance as a personal affront to (Nature’s Valley), where they established his dignity and an insult to his credibility. He themselves as fishermen and farmers. In assured us in apologetic fashion, as if we held 1939 The Reformer started negotiations him responsible for its disappearance, that the with a farmer, a certain Van Rooyen, for plant had been there. hiring parts of a farm, Kranshoek, for use by We wondered about trying to see if there might the Griqua people and a site at Robberg for be any other clivia plants about, but the terrain his future burial. At that time, The Reformer was difficult since it was a tangle of thicket and lived on a farm called Jakkalskraal, close dropped steeply to the sea to the south and a to Kranshoek. His son, Thomas le Fleur,

38 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013

Clivia ‘Popo’ - Umbel continued these negotiations after his death. times, possibly as gardeners. In both 1.1 If the plant originates from this cases the seeds would need to have community then the one possibility been distributed by an agent, but is that it was brought by them, which because of the proximity this would means they trekked with plants have been relatively easy. One would – clivia plants in particular. While need to examine the gardens of the it is not likely that they travelled community to see if one discovered with decorative plants, they have similar plants. But even that would ‘Kanniedoods’ on the local graves not be conclusive because they, like and as a symbol on the Grave of ”The Popo, may have collected plants from Reformer”. The plant Aloe variegata, the bush. as with its vernacular name, has come 2. Another explanation for the presence of to represent eternal life. It is endemic the plant is that it actually is related to the to the dry south western area from gardening activities of the settled white which the party trekked. community in the vicinity, although they are 1.2 A second possibility within the above remote from the spot where Popo found it. scenario is that it was brought into The seed would have had to be carried by one of their gardens as a plant from a vector, either an agent such as a bird or one of the gardens of the nearby fruit bat, or as part of refuse dumped in the white community, in which some of vicinity. Not knowing the exact history of them may have worked in more recent the site makes a reconstruction of possible

39 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013

events difficult, but could be solved if one we have available a sufficiently large database finds a series of aerial photographs of the of genetic information so as to help identify the area over the past decades. species and place such specimens in some sort 3. A third possibility is that there had been of taxonomical relationship, or if other plants a homestead on the spot, perhaps a are found nearby, either in cultivation or in the woodcutter or ranger's cottage, and that wild, establish if they have genetic links. the plant is a remnant of a garden. Again But much has happened in clivia research since one would need to research the history of this episode. the site. There is another form of Clivia miniata in the 4. If the plant is a genuine habitat specimen Heritage collection that putatively comes from then there are some possible explanations. the Storm's River valley. The Mzamba habitat 4.1 The plant was seeded into the pine complex has shown the diversity of form that plan­tation from its habitat location may be found within a restricted locality. by birds, fruit bats or another of the Latest evidence from the research of the Spies possible animal agents, such as rats team seems to indicate that at least three of or dassies. the species – C. miniata, C. gardenii and C. 4.2 The plant is residue from vegetative robusta – do not have a clearly distinguishing material that was already there when DNA make-up, there seemingly having been the plantations were planted and ancestral bastardising between species, what regenerated itself. If it is a habitat Dr Keith Hammett terms ”cloud speciation”. plant, it is a new record for Clivia So we can consider even other points for miniata in terms of habitat range. The debate. Up until Dr Dyer identified C. caulescens fact is, however, that it is not the usual as a distinct species it was classified with the form of C. miniata, the leaf form in two other pendulous species – C. nobilis or particular, dis­playing strong C. nobilis C. gardenii. We, however, seem satisfied that characteristics in being discernibly there is only one distinct species of C. miniata, serrated. The flowers are those of no matter where and in what habitat it is found the C. miniata, but pale and heavily and with what other forms or species of Clivia scented with a characteristic azalea it is associated. perfume. I think of the Bearded Man form – or as Roger 5. The fifth possibility is that it is an unusual Dixon has now terms these variants, 'ecotypes" form of a C. miniata x C. nobilis hybrid, – this ecotype having distinct C. caulescens – but it is far outside of its range. This could like growth habits, the C. minitata ecotypes then only have occurred under artificial associated with the Ngome area, for which circumstances. Wayne Haselau has, in the most recent Clivia 6. A sixth possibility is that it is a relictual News, made a case that the pendulous forms form of a cross-over type from C. nobilis to found there be considered a distinct species. C. miniata. I have often wondered if those I consequently wonder why not the trumpet plants from the wild regarded as natural hy­- flowered forms as well? brids between Clivia species are not in fact What is certain, is that, the genus Clivia will relictual intermediate forms of plants. never cease to amaze. There are probably many more specimens of the genus Clivia in the wild yet to be Postscript discovered. The place under discussion here Sadly, Popo was later to commit suicide after a is at the periphery of the Albany Centre of disappointment in love. And as is the way with Endemism, home to both C. nobilis and C. the more humble but essential actors in these miniata, although some hundreds of kilometres tales, much like the Zulu cook of Saunders’ outside of their documented range. Clivia miniata ‘Flava’ fame, he remains in the The only way this riddle will be solved is when clivia annals without his actual birth names. &

40 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013 Clivias beneath the Northern Lights By Felipe Orlans (LCC Member)

pending an increasing amount of time in Scandi­ Snavia, I couldn’t help but wonder as to how clivias would respond to the midnight sun summer days and the "endless" winter night. I started by planting a few seeds which I’d brought along as gifts and… well, you know how it goes. Soon I was running out of space, building a nursery – a hothouse would be a more accurate description – and bring­ ing in plants from home in South Africa to stock it. What started as a simple experiment out of idle curiosity soon became a major project which, instead of providing simple answers, kept throwing up more and more questions: when is the best time to bring in plants? Does one bring them from winter to winter or summer to summer? Which plants suffer most and which handle the trans- equator crossing best? What is the best size/age for a plant to be shipped? What soil mixes to use? (Scandinavia seems to favour large amounts of peat in their potting

mixes – not ideal for clivias, I found). How to handle the winter temperatures of minus 20 and lower, and what to do when the heaters fail due to a power outage? What to do about the “Järn Nätter” (Iron Nights) when, for a few nights in June, temperatures drop below freezing point, after the clivias have been moved to the unheated greenhouse, which has better ventilation. It’s been a steep learning curve and without a doubt, growing clivias never stops to fascinate. But now, at 60 degrees northern Latitude, South African clivias are growing under the Northern Lights. & 41 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013

CLIVIA HISTORY The Clivia Society - Early Years By James Abel onnie and James Abel, Pre­ toria, kindly credited by Clivia CSociety founder Nick Primich with having taken “-- the Clivia Club out of an envelope and put it on the show bench” (Clivia News, 1995, 4.3.10). Clivia enthusiasts nowadays are blessed with an extensive knowledge of their favourite genus, although there is still much more that is unknown. When Nick Primich started his newsletter at the beginning of 1992, mailing it to his three dozen bulb enthusiast friends around the world and advertising that new members were welcome, he tapped into a wealth of enthusiasm, with on show with her ‘Ella van Zijl’), sales, a photo membership soon growing at an exponential exhibition (with international entries) and Nick rate. took our overseas visitors on a tour from God's Most new members had little background Window to the Eastern Cape. knowledge and they waited anxiously for the One of the subjects that was of intense postman’s delivery to immediately read each importance to the new members was to see new issue from start to finish. Experienced clivias en masse, either in habitat or in planted members such as Nick himself and Wessel beds. In the first case, local guidance would Lotter (SA), Bill Morris (Oz), Peter Smithers (UK/ be needed to locate them so that one could Switzerland) and Les Haniball (USA) contributed see them under the natural environmental freely for the benefit of all. conditions within which they evolved. There Perhaps a few reminiscences about the early was much emphasis on “leave only footprints days will give current members some idea of and take only photos and memories”, and this the pent-up enthusiasm that was soon too great to be satisfied by the newsletter alone. The first clivia meeting was held at our home in January 1994 and a committee was elected. Within nine months of intensive fun-filled activity the first international conference was organised at the botanic gardens in Pretoria, and we were delighted to have Yoshi Nakamura, (Japan), Keith Hammett (NZ) and Pen Henry (Oz) join us. There was overwhelming public interest with a queue forming at the gate an hour or more before opening time. Besides the conference we arranged a show (Toy Jennings won Best

42 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013

is even more important now – facile reasons reality to the most far-fetched claims. The such as “preserving them for the future” hold no most extreme of the latter was the story that water. Habitat visits in our beautiful escarpment there must be miniata in the Congo. It was areas in the company of other enthusiasts based on “impeccable logic” – the impressive became one of our favourite clivia activities. Belgian Hybrids (early-flowering, compact with ”In Habitat”: Habitats reported ranged from dark orange flowers) were much admired, and

43 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013 because of their name they ‘obviously had to the Lebombos on the border just east of Siteki, have originated in the Belgian Congo – QED!’ a known habitat. There is more than enough If it’s in writing it must be true! There was much sub-tropical forest to shelter clivia and we have excitement in April 1995 when the authoritative no doubt that they will be discovered in their travel magazine Getaway reported clivias in the third country of origin: Mozambique. Whoever beautiful Ruwenzori mountains on the border achieves that will be credited with being only between Uganda and the Congo. After detailed the third person, after William Burchell (SA) and sleuthing by Nick and Dries Bester, it was Mabel Smith (Swaziland), to first describe clivia determined to be an incorrect identification of in a new country. the attractive Scadoxus cyrtanthiflorus. The only habitat of which we are aware that Then there are the clivia populations which are is freely and easily accessible to enthusiasts is not indigenous but are escapees from domestic God's Window/The Pinnacle/Wonder View on gardens, the original seed being dispersed the eastern escarpment. Massed caulescens by monkeys, birds, rodents and sometimes may be seen there from paved pathways and errant ”enthusiasts”. Miniata in Kenya were look-out platforms, and a bonus is the lovely reported with certainty, and a few specimens mountainous scenery with views over the low­ were brought back to SA by a respected veld. Fortunately most other populations are in conservationist. It is now concluded that that secluded parts of the forests and are unlikely to the “wild” population must have been derived be found without local guidance. from seed dispersed from a home garden. ”In planted beds”: In this case, we know of no In the early newsletters there is a firm state-­ freely accessible beds of clivias in South Africa, ment of the existence of several populations since unprotected populations are vulnerable of miniata in the Soutpansberg mountains to both the well-known ”taking ways” of our centred on Louis Trichardt in the Limpopo citizens and to ”harvesting” for traditional province of SA. These populations have not medicinal/spiritual use. Botanic gardens have been seen since but if they existed they must magnificent displays of the various species, have been escapees. The Soutpansberg are of but only during restricted hours and with the course home to caulescens, the northernmost payment of a moderate entrance fee. clivias, while the northernmost miniata are Ironically, in striking contrast, on the opposite well south on the SA/Swaziland border. sides of the world clivias are freely accessible. We believe firmly that not two but three In Santa Barbara, California, they may be seen countries are home to clivias. SA has all six in masses in open-access public spaces (photo species and it shares with Swaziland the slopes Tom Wells). Many of the populations have of Bearded Man mountain where the only grown through natural dispersion by animals or known natural hybrid is found, with its parents, gravity from higher-lying gardens. They grow so miniata and caulescens. The two species appear easily there that some residents refer to them as further SW along the escarpment in Swaziland. weeds. Sacrilege to an enthusiast! Miniata are also found in the southern Lebombo There are also massed plantings in Australia and mountains which are the eastern border New Zealand that are open to all, according to between Swaziland/SA, and Mozambique. Ken Smith and Alick McLeman respectively, The prevailing winds in this area are from the who have provided details and photos. For SE, carrying moisture from the Indian Ocean. example, the photo above left shows miniata There is a rain-shadow effect, and the Lebombos on campus at Richmond TAFE College where on the eastern Mozambique side have a higher Ken is on the academic staff. Amongst the NZ rainfall than those on the western Swaziland/ populations is the bed on the right – full marks SA side, due to a rain shadow effect. There are to the town officials for trying; their ”sunshine” numerous well wooded ravines on the border, mistake is but the same as so many of us have and the second photo shows a valley on top of made in our early years. &

44 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013

RELATED Northern Clivia Club’s annual auction results By Joubert van Wyk

Plant Price Lutea Shower 650 Christo Lotter peach x Meyer peach 900 Ruby Stewart F1 – blushed yellow 500 Hirao – grown from imported seed 2 250 Appleblossom Q2 7 000 Origin of Life 1 600 Hantie 2 500 Frans van Zyl Interspecific green brick 1 000 King Hamelin Yellow 500 Norscott Manor red tulip x Christo Lotter Miné 800 Emerald Dream – seedling of Bertie's Bronze (highest bid R3 200) Not sold Christo Lotter peach x Meyer peach Jade Eyed Chubb Pretty Pink 2600 Crown Prince 3 300 F2 split for Vico yellow and large white centred orange 500 Madiba Magic 1 200 Bertie's Bronze (highest bid R6 000) Not sold Belgian Green Green 2 000 Chiba pastel 1 400 Duchess 3 100 Declan 5 600 Keeled bronze 3 400

F2 split for Vico Yellow and large white centred orange

Crown Prince offset Q2

45 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013 Clivia Club Membership – a few ideas to increase membership By Connie and James Abel

oncern has been expressed that clivia and every effort needs to be made to find club membership is generally static or out why. C dropping. Age groups Current members Most members of both orchid and clivia Apart from normal attrition, members usually societies fall into the ”mature” group, with stay on for an extended period, happily only a few young members. Over the years enjoying­ themselves and making varied there have been a number of proposals contributions to the clubs and society. Others that recruiting should be aimed at young drift away and committee and other mem­ age groups, including scholars. In contrast, bers should be continuously aware that if some time ago Joubert van Wyk, our dissatisfied most people will simply ”vote editor, remarked that our natural source of with their feet”, leaving everyone blissfully membership was older folk. unaware of the reasons for their loss of We decided to do a small survey, asking interest. Not only should committees conduct members at what age they became plant exit interviews but they should be constantly enthusiasts, specifically excluding young encouraging current members to be vocal children’s brief infatuations ”with gran and about their needs. her vegetable garden’ and so on. Members New members of the Northern Clivia Club were asked the Shows are the best recruiting opportunity for question at their meeting held on 2013-01- members of the public to be exposed to the 26, and responses were obtained from 28 allure of clivias, and the information tables members. The results are given in the graph. sign on a welcome number of new members. It can be argued that the greatest (2/3) Members manning the information tables potential lies with the untapped youth and others should recruit actively and not where the proportion of enthusiasts is small. simply wait for visitors to express interest. However, in their spare time they are most Distressingly, many of the newcomers allow interested in sports and other social activities their membership to lapse after a year or two rather than the often solitary ‘pottering’ around with plants. From the graph it is obvious that an increasing proportion of people are naturally attracted to gardening and plants as they mature and become house­ holders. However, while most people like plants, the vast majority at any age cannot be called enthusiasts. While all, young and old, are most welcome, we agree with Joubert that specific recruitment effort and cost should be aimed at the much more receptive mature group. &

46 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013

CLIVIA SPECIES My marvellous C. mirabilis By Margaret Matthews

s a member of the New Zealand Clivia afternoon in the middle of summer but with Club, in April 2008 I purchased three no reduction in light levels. I watered the seeds A seeds of Clivia mirabilis that the club sparingly keeping the mix just moist and the had imported into New Zealand for members. seeds germinated readily. They were potted At $10.00 each for seeds, which were into individual pots November 2010 when the reportedly difficult to propagate, I decided plants were 19 months old using mixture of: three were my limit. • 2 parts Just Potting Mix from the Ware- On 24th April 2008 I sowed the seed with house (it has no wetting agent and minimal great expectations. I used CAN fines as the fertilizer) base of the mix, larger pieces of mix sieved • 3 parts 2” milled bark (Orchid Bark) out, and Pumice 1-7 grade at 1/1 ratio. This • 3 parts Pumice 1-7 gave me a fairly open mix which was free • Fertilizer (9mth slow release) Nutricote. draining but with some moisture retention. I It was evident by this stage at the discrepancy place Clivia seeds, generally, keel down on the in size between the three plants. The largest surface of the mix, and then press down until of the three plants had a greater root system top of the seed is level with the mix. I put all and a higher number of leaves, although they three in the one pot. were the same size and length of the other I placed the container where I usually put my two plants, one of which was also larger than seeds to germinate on a plank 30 cm above the other. ground level, against the wall of the house, By 16 January 2012 they were repotted when under the eaves, facing SSE. This means a they were 3 3/4 years old, using the same shaded position, by the house and under mix as above and situated in the same place the eaves, with no direct sun except late outside as previously. Each plant now required

Matthew's C. mirabilis 1

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Matthew's C. mirabilis 2 a different sized pot. The middle-sized plant At present it has totally filled the pot it is in had grown much longer leaves than the other with some of the roots bursting out of the two plants but had less leaves. mix. I have been reluctant to repot the plant The largest and smallest plants had similar dark while it has been actively growing almost green leaves, some of which had a grey stripe continuously. I will need to do so soon. down the centre. The middle-sized plant had Meanwhile the other two plants continue to paler green leaves with only a very faint grey grow well, both are quite different in respect stripe. The difference was quite noticeable. to the length of their leaves, the second largest By October 2012, Clivia Club Show time, the having leaves now much longer than the largest and most marvellous of the plants “marvellous one” but the plants overall still now had two small offsets emerging some only have one growing point and are nowhere distance from the main stem and it was also near the size of the “marvellous one”. apparent there was some growth activity All have heavily pigmented bases, so I expect at the base of the main stem. There was orange flowers. much lively discussion and mirth at the show I have tried to give my plants conditions similar as to the outcome. It subsequently grew to those found in habitat, very good drainage, rapidly, emerging as leaves the same width high light concentration, and watering only as the main plant and is growing rapidly. when the potting mix seems to be drying out Unfortunately, one the other side rotted after as C. mirabilis have very thick velamen-like becoming too wet as it was slightly covered covered water storage roots as well as some with the potting mix. enlarged fleshy roots. They are found in a dry February 2013. It would seem this plant summer and winter rainfall habitat similar to is in a great hurry to mature and is now ours (sometimes). using another strategy to increase its size by It is difficult to understand why one plant dividing also at the apex of the main plant seems to be growing exponentially compared which means there are now two growing to its siblings, all grown under the same points producing new leaves. There is great conditions, but I think nature must surely be speculation as to when this plant will flower. winning as it is obvious the “MARVELLOUS Will it be November 2013? MIRABILIS” has it “all in the genes”. &

48 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013 Colour compatibility between the clivia species By Alick McLeman

was pleasantly surprised a few years back to find that Imy yellow Zoutpansberg caulescens was compatible with group 1 yellow miniata. That is, when the two are cross pollinated, 100% of the progeny have unpigmented bases and flower yellow in the first generation. Presumably, the two species have common genes giving rise to the chemical process which produces the red antho- cyanin pigments, and the same genetic defect has occurred in both, resulting in the fail- ure to produce anthocyanins. Unfortunately, we know little about the chemical process C. gardenii – 'Bell Bird' related to the production of pigments, but there appears to be a complete absence of In the case of C. miniata, we draw a anthocyanins in both plants (”anthocyanin- distinction between group 1 yellow and group free”). 2 and other non-group yellows, the difference being that the former are ”anthocyanin-free” whereas in the latter, the anthocyanins are present, but blocked, this blocking being evidenced by the bleeding of red pigments where flower tepals are damaged. So if group 1 yellow miniata and the yellow caulescens are both group 1 and ”anthocyanin-free” resulting in compatibility between the two species, is there a similar compatibility with any yellow clivia of other species? I thought this might be the case with the whitish C. robusta ‘Caroline’s Pride’, but crossing with both group 1 and 2 yellow miniata has resulted in seedlings with pigmented bases. Yet ‘Caroline’s Pride’ appears to the eye to be ”anthocyanin-free”. Then what about C. gardenii? Rex Williams has a yellow gardenii, ‘Bell Bird’, which exhibits the same traits as group 1 yellow miniata. Its C. caulescens - 'Zoutpansberg' breeding is Gem’s ‘Ivory Jade’ selfed. A sister

49 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013

C. gardenii – 'Kea' C. nobilis – Yellow variety

C. robusta – F1 'Caroline’s Pride' plant, ‘Kea’, supposedly also the same selfing C. gardenii var. Citrina but obviously pollinated with stray pollen, flowers orange but is split (heterozygous) And then what about crosses with yellow for the yellow. The crossing of the two nobilis? My specimen appears to be ever so plants results in 50% unpigmented and 50% slightly pigmented, but when selfed it has pigmented progeny, exactly what one would produced unpigmented progeny (May I live expect in a similar group 1 miniata crossing. long enough to see them flower). Similarly, But Rex hasn’t done the cross with group 1 my F1 C. gardenii var. citrina has a strongly yellow miniata. So here in New Zealand we are pigmented red peduncle. experimenting to see if crossing ‘Bell Bird’ with Unfortunately, here in New Zealand we group 1 yellow miniata will produce yellow only have limited access to yellow clivia of progeny in the F1 cross. species other than miniata, but South Africa is

50 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013

Interspecific miniata X caulescens obviously richly blessed in this regard. It would be interesting to know if any crosses between yellow miniata and yellow of the other species have resulted in unpigmented seedlings, or is the Zoutpansberg yellow caulescens the only example? &

Group 1 yellow C. miniata flower

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51 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013 Rare clones of C. robusta and further notes on the ecology of this new species By Wayne Haselau

uring the 1980s and 1990s I worked for and north of the Mzimvubu river is home to the Cape Nature Conservation as an inland proud and famously never-conquered Xhosa- Dfisheries officer and spent a great deal speaking AmaPondo Tribe. of time surveying and exploring the estuaries Sadly, this wonderful enviroment is changing and rivers of the Eastern Cape. It is important to rapidly though as an ugly pernicious Rural remember that for many years the Transkei was Sprawl spreads unchecked over the landscape. an independent country, being a proclaimed The once lush-moist environment of the region Bantustan State, under the old apartheid is giving way to desertification (especially regime in South Africa. Consequently, I could inland of the coast) on a grand scale as the not work in this region officially until Transkei rapidly burgeoning local population gobbles became reincorporated in the greater South up what’s left of the meagre natural resources. Africa post-independence in 1994. The Transkei Human overpopulation and huge numbers of is a magnificent wild land and is renowned uncontrolled livestock are leading to widespread for its lovely coastline, for its grasslands and forest destruction and overgrazing. Habitat beautiful forests and deep river valleys which destruction is the order of the day and the final are especially numerous in this region. The straw is the constant burning of what little climate of the Kei, as it is so affectionately grassland remains for livestock. Environmental called, is mainly warm-temperate to subtropical Education is key in preventing this, however with typically warm moist summers and cool the current Government seems determined not dry winters. South of the Mzimvubu river is the to educate its rural youth properly. This does home of the majority of Xhosa speaking tribes not bode well for the region’s fabulous habitat Clivias. Since I can remember I have had a fascination for natural history, however it is fish and fishing that really get my blood pumping. For many years pre and post-independence, I investigated the angling potential of estuaries in the Transkei, some very remote. During these travels I discovered Pondoland, which is

'Green'2 Cream' 'Jana's Choice'

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unusual trait for a Clivia species, as noteworthy as say the supposed sun-tolerance of Clivia mirabilis. These first memories are of plants with generally large broad light green leaves and attractive orangey-red, pendulous flowers, which grew in large colonies in remote areas close to, or in water. I did not know what they were initially (neither did the botanists who lumped them as Gardenii) but collected a few seeds nevertheless, which I gave to friends to grow on as I was travelling a lot for work at the time. Over the years I visited these areas as often as possible and continued to collect seed of this species, which were duly germinated and grown on. Over 'Jane's Delight' time I built up a fairly substantial collection of these plants and was amazed at undoubtedly my favourite place in Southern the length of time it took them to flower. It Africa. It was inevitable that I would bump was a good few years before the 'Clivia Bug' into the then undescribed Pondoland Endemic really bit terminally and in 2004 I made my Clivia species, growing as they do on the first dedicated trip to Pondoland to investigate local sandstones associated with water, in this this then newly described species more closely unique wild region. Clivia robusta was the first in situ. Clivia I noticed flowering in habitat circa 1998 On my first serious Clivia habitat trip, I and from the very outset I was struck by the photographed what is undoutably the best affinity of the species for water. This is a very form of C. robusta I have ever seen. It was a single plant growing in a deep drainage line (a small non-perennial waterfall) on a steep riverine cliff face close to the sea. I collected some ripe berries and the resulting seedlings have taken many years to flower. One of the resulting mature plants I have named ‘WCC Pondo Pride’ is an outstanding clone of the ‘Maxima’-type (see photo). In June 2012 it was a very big plant and it pushed four flower spikes. It seems to willingly accept pollen from a wide range of Clivia species and hybrids, however what makes this clone so outstanding is its size and superb form, the flower shape, 'Pink Patience'

53 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013

a lot, some forms have long thin light (new Umtamvuna area) green leaves whereas in others, leaves may be short, broad and dark green or extremely large, as in some of the largest known forms such as the Clivia ‘Maxima’ so passionately bred and grown by the late Fred van Niekerk of Pretoria. Oom Fred and and his wife Cora popped in to visit me when I first started my collection seriously in 2005. Over time, Fred and I became firm friends and I spent many wonderful hours visiting them in Pretoria. Fred had some very old Robusta clones and he bred with them extensively. His now famous ‘IMAX’ was one of the first Robusta hybrids and Fred used his Maximas in 'White Wings' various breeding programmes and crossed them with his short and very broad with a very high flower extensive collection of Natal yellow miniata. count (up with up to 72 recorded). Some of the As far as I am aware these now famous wonderful clones Wild Coast Clivias breeding clones originated on or near the Mtentu River with are (refer to photos) ‘WC Pondo plum’,’ in northern Pondoland where Fred’s parents WC Green2Cream’, ‘WC Pondo Pink Blush’, owned a trading station. The area is now a ‘WC Jane's Delight’, ‘WC White Wings’, ‘WC reserve and is famous for its catch and release Jana's Choice’ and ‘WC Pink Patience’ as well fishing. I have been to the area that these as 'Fred’s Maximas'. Other wonderful clones like plants originated from and it is a beautiful wild those mentioned below from other well-known place close to the sea consisting of grassland pendulous breeders and collectors are also part interspersed with deep forested valleys and of my breeding programme. a number of spectacular waterfalls. Not all I am constantly amazed at the variation within the plants in the area are this form and I wild clivia populations, so often isolated in deep suspect that Fred selected the largest and best river valleys and ravines, or in remote patches forms when he collected these four clones of swamp forest. In many cases these colonies so long ago. There definitely seems to be a have remained genetically isolated for a very gene for gigantism in this species as in many long time. Due to the forced inbreeding of of the colonies I have visited, a percentage these populations some colonies have evolved of the plants are very large indeed. It is unusual forms in what is ostensibly a very quite possible that these oversized specimens homogenous species morphologically. Typically represent a separate gene pool. (This is another flowers are orangey-red and plants are medium question that could possibly be solved using sized. In most localities other flower colour DNA sampling?) I visited one colony where forms are either entirely absent or very rare. truly enormous plants grew at one time close There are a few exceptions to this but this is the to a major population centre, however as is so general pattern in the habitat. Leaves may vary often the case, these plants have been all but

54 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013 eliminated by forest destruction, over-collection the long flower tubes of C. robusta as their by collectors and sangomas for the muti trade. beaks are too short. To access the plant’s nectar, Fortunately a number of these plants have they are then forced to puncture the flowers ended up by various means in collections and so close to the ovary. This possibly would assist the some of this material is now SAFE (ex situ) and plant in selfing itself but by bypassing the tube available to breeders. means that they do not actively cross pollinate It is the huge morphological variation in Clivia the species as they do not actively engage the in general that fascinates us all and it is this very pollinia. unique genetic diversity that makes the species This, then, is the only way isolated colonies so interesting and this species is no exception. stand any chance of outbreeding, however it is In C.robusta, small dwarf forms are known as more difficult to explain the presence of Clivia are massive giant forms with leaves 8cm wide miniata and Clivia robusta crosses in the wild. and almost 1.5 meters long. This variation is Although these plants are very rare as the two due largely to selective processes, influences species have differing flowering seasons, I am acting locally over long periods of time resulting aware of a number of such interspecific crosses in the selection of the strongest most suitable from the habitat. Sunbirds do not pollinate plants for the locality concerned and all due to C. miniata so the pollinators in these cases must what is effectively inbreeding. be insects and I suspect that it is specimens of Pollination/Seed dispersal: the small wasp genus I wrote about some time Pollination is a complex and fascinating aspect ago that are largely responsible for this type of of Clivia ecology that has been discussed by interspecific pollination. numerous authors including myself, however The flowering season of Clivia robusta thus the remote ruggedness of the Transkei presents coincides (May, June) with the flowering of unique problems for pollination. Many clivia certain other plants with similar flower types are effectively selfed by movement of the and colours in the habitat, such as aloes, flowers alone (i.e. wind) however to win the A. arborescens and Dermatabotrys Saundersii, genetic lottery and first prize clivias need to a rare epiphytic shrub that flowers at the same cross-pollinate and to do this they need other time. I believe that all these different species organisms to assist them. Normally insects flowering together enhance the volume of or birds are the main pollinators in Clivia. In available nectar sources. This would then ensure Pondoland in 2006 while fishing near a river that the main pollinator remains active, even mouth, I witnessed an Olive Sunbird actively when the number of flowers of one species feeding on three different plant species, Aloe drops below what would be ideal i.e. productive arborecens, Clivia robusta and Dermatabotrys foraging volumes. Seed dispersal is most likely saundersii which were all in flower on a riverine carried out by birds such as Knysna (loeries) cliff at the same time. The bird moved from Turacos and species of Bulbuls. Monkeys are one species and back again without seeming to also important dispersal agents and Pondoland notice any difference in the plants, as they all is the only place where I have observed both have tubular red flowers. This is a remarkable species of local monkey, Vervet and Samango, example of co-evolution on the part of the foraging happily for fruit in the same tree. I plants. feel both species are therefore potentially seed Olive Sunbirds are large for a sunbird; they are dispersers of Clivia robusta. Clivia fruits float strong, fast flyers and will travel long distances and this aids in their downstream dispersal to forage at a nectar source. I believe they as many Clivia colonies are found along river are the most important pollinators of Clivia banks, however due to the close association robusta. Greater Double Collared Sunbirds and of C. robusta with water, this form of dispersal Black Sunbirds and possibly other sunbird spps is especially relevant in this species. Clivia (Collard Sunbirds) definitely also use C. robusta fruits have a growth inhibitor in the seed coat as a nectar source however they often bypass and mice often play a role in eating this off

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allowing the seeds to germinate. Recently, I more cream) are found here. Many of the observed a large forest millipede eating the famous and awarded C. robusta clones such soft part of the fruit of a clivia at night. It is as Val Thurston’s ‘Marshmallow’, Brian Tarr’s therefore quite possible that millipedes are ‘Ice Giant’, Andrew’s ‘Caroline's Pride’ and also impor­tant to clivia in the habitat. Sean Chubb’s ‘Munster Peach’ and ‘Crystal Clivia robusta is called the swamp clivia due Rose’ originate from this locality. Recently, a to its close association and coevolution with distinctive new form which seems transitional water. It is as such the most water tolerant clivia between C. robusta and C. gardenii has popped species although it is intolerant of stagnant up in Northern Pondoland and is restricted to water and is most commonly associated in a single river valley as far as I am aware. The the wild with running water in some form. leaves are dark green and very narrow but C.robusta is most commonly found in swamp thick and quite strap-like. Flowers are larger situations in the north of its range i.e. at than standard Robusta or Gardenii flowers. Umtamvuna where water is at the surface and Flower colours are much more variable and very marshy. One of these unique habitats, lovely blush forms, pinks and dark bronzy called simply the Banana farm, has been forms are fairly common in these colonies. This made famous by Andrew Forbes-Hardinge. unusual new form has great future potential in Andy has led tours to this fabulous colony the breeding of new interspecifics. for years and has given many Cliviaphiles It is my hope that this article stimulates more first-hand experience of these wonderful interest in the wonderful plant Clivia robusta, plants. This a very rare mutating colony and which quite obviously deserves so much more many colour forms including yellows (actually attention from us all. &

CLIVIA CLUBS & INTEREST GROUPS Garden Route Clivia Club Mini Interspecific Show 2013 By Willie & Cynthia le Roux

he 2013 Interspecific Show of the Garden Route Clivia club was considered by our T committee to be an important milestone in the journey to full maturity of a club event worthy of support similar to our September Show. It is of course still a "Work In Progress", but is gaining in stature as more and more members learn to appreciate the exceptionally beautiful hybrids that are emerging from the enthusiastic breeders who have already taken advantage of the potential. In order to encourage further this exciting avenue of Best any other colour - Carrie Kruger development, some of the recognised breeders in the club offered flowering plants for sale plants on display and it was a big success. at the Interspecific Show and three valuable Thank you to all the members who attended hybrids formed part of the raffle. and to all who displayed their lovely flowers. The show was held on the 10th of August The following is a quotation from Willie le 2013 in George. There were some beautiful Roux, chairman of the Eastern Cape Clivia

56 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013

Best any other species - Rod and Bridget Randall Best on Interspecific Show 2013

Club and our guest judge 2013: “In 2003 Cynthia and I had the opportunity to attend the very first Garden Route Clivia Club Show. Now 10 years on we were again privileged to attend your first Interspecific Show and what a pleasure. I was very honoured to act as a judge in the place of Koos Geldenhuys who unfortunately had an eye injury on his way to the show. The quality of the plants on show and variety of flower colours were exceptional and admired by all who attended. Added flavours were of course Garden Route's oldest member admiring the the presentation by Gerrie Brits rounded off flowers on display by the very tasty refreshments served, all of which contributed to the success of a well Well done to all of you. I am positive that with organised event. the eagerness and friendly spirit projected by all, you will follow the same route as with your main show which has become a showcase for all. Good luck for the future and thank you for the opportunity to be part of it”. Congratulations to all the winners: Best orange: Kobus and Ida Esterhuizen Best red: Louis de Swart Best yellow: Carrie Kruger Best pastel: Carrie Kruger Best any other colour: Carrie Kruger Best first flower: Welland Cowley Best own breeding: Piet Theron Best other species in flower: Bridget and rod randall People's favourite: Piet Theron Piet and Yvonne and the trophy Best on show: Piet Theron. &

57 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013

CLIVI-ARTA BY HELEN SANDERS

58 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013

59 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013 REPRESENTATIVES OF Clivia Enthusiasts

& Netherlands Aart van Voorst: Tel: +31 252529679; e-mail: [email protected] & United Kingdom Sakkie Nel: Tel: +27 12 361 6415, e-mail: [email protected] & USA & Canada William McClelland: Tel: 1 805 484 14 84 10 48, e-mail: [email protected]

OTHER OVERSEAS CONTACT PERSONS FOR MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION

& Australia Ken Smith: Tel: +61 247543287; e-mail: [email protected] & USA & Canada William McClelland: Tel: 1 805 484 1484; e-mail: [email protected]

CONTACT DETAILS FOR CLIVIA CLUBS AND INTEREST GROUPS & Border Interest Group Glenn Miles: Tel: +27714217812; Fax: 086 6577 892 (RSA only); Interest Group e-mail: [email protected] & Bosveld Willem Nel: + 27 82 879 8305 or Madeleine: +27 82 899 1287; Interest Group e-mail: [email protected] & Cape Clivia Club Joy Woodward: Cell: +27 72 487 7933; e-mail: [email protected] & Eastern Province Willie le Roux: Cell: +27 41 360 3480; e-mail: [email protected] Clivia Club & Free State Clivia Club marius Swart: +27 51 436 6778 +27 83 274 6482; e-mail: [email protected] & Garden Route Ida Esterhuizen: Tel: +27 44 871 2214; e-mail: [email protected] Clivia Club & Highway (Durban area) Mike Callaghan: Cell: +27 83 651 0937; e-mail: [email protected] Interest Group & Joburg Clivia Club Glynn Middlewick: Tel: +27 11 476 1463; e-mail: [email protected] & KwaZulu-Natal John Handman: +27 33 330 5261; +27 83 660 1275; Clivia Club e-mail: [email protected] & Lowveld Clivia Club maria Grové: Tel: +27 83 475 1176; Fax: +27 86 531 8724 (RSA only). e-mail: [email protected] & New Zealand Tony Barnes: Tel:64 6 7527873; e-mail: [email protected] Clivia Club & Vryheid Jasper Jonker: Cell: 084 050 4337 Interest Group & Northern Clivia Club marlene Topham: Tel: + 27 12 542 3693; e-mail: [email protected] & Northern Free State Rachel Maree; (Secretary); Tel: 057 357 6048; Cell: +27 83 257 4801; Clivia Club e-mail: [email protected] & NKZ-N (Newcastle) Lieb Swiegers: Cell: +27 83 293 5268 Interest Group & Overberg Clivia Felicity Weeden: Tel: +27 84 5898 297; e-mail: [email protected] Interest Group 60 The Clivia Society: Management details www.cliviasociety.org MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE: 2012/2013 Chairman: Christo Topham: Mobile: +27 82497 5879 e-mail: [email protected] Secretary: Vacant Vice-Chairman: Francois van Rooyen: Mobile: +27 76 487 0300; e-mail: [email protected] Treasurer: Sakkie Nel: Tel: +27 12 361 6415, e-mail: [email protected] Member: Paul Kloeck: Mobile: +27 79 493 1719, e-mail: [email protected] INTERNATIONAL CONTACT PERSONS Australia: Ken Smith: 593 Hawkesbury Rd., Winmalee. NSW 2777. Tel: +61 24 754 3287, e-mail: [email protected] New Zealand: Tony Barnes:Tel:64 6 7527873;e-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom: Sakkie Nel: Tel: +27 12 361 6415, e-mail: [email protected] Europe: Aart van Voorst: Tel: +031 25 252 9679, Frederik Hendriklaan 49, HillegomTE 2181, Netherlands. e-mail: [email protected] USA & Canada: William McClelland (Correspondence): Bolin Ave., Camarillo, Ca93010-4708, USA, Tel: 1 805 484 1484 1048, e-mail: [email protected]

PORTFOLIOS Newsletter Editor: Joubert van Wyk: Mobile: +27 83 307 7707 e-mail: [email protected] Yearbook Editor: Joubert van Wyk: Mobile: +27 83 307 7707 e-mail: [email protected] Public Relations Officer: Clayton Jonkers: Mobile: +27 083 267 7206 e-mail: [email protected] Standards and Judging: Koos Geldenhuys: Mobile: +27 83 442 4487 e-mail: [email protected] Registrar for named Ken Smith: Tel: +61 24 754 3287 Clivia cultivars: e-mail: [email protected] Research: Danie van Vuuren: Mobile +27 082 902 2331 e-mail: [email protected] Webmaster: Gideon Scheepers: e-mail: [email protected] CLIVIA CLUBS Cape, Eastern Province, Free State, Garden Route, Joburg, KwaZulu-Natal, Lowveld, New Zealand, Northern and Northern Free State INTEREST GROUPS Border, Bosveld, NKZ-N (Newcastle), Overberg, Highway (Durban area) and Vryheid Picture taken by Heidi Nerurkar ISSN 1819-1460

Volume 22 - NUMBER 4 l OCTOBER – DECEMBER 2013 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2013 Table of Contents & Clivia NEWS Inner Front Cover & editorial - Joubert van Wyk 2 & clivia PERSONALITIES The Clivia Society www.cliviasociety.org A giant of a man has fallen into a permanent sleep - André P du Plessis Jnr 3 Brenda Nuss - Val Thurston 4 The Clivia Society caters for Clivia enthusiasts throughout the world. It is the umbrella body & Society & cONFERENCE for a number of constituent Clivia Clubs and Interest Groups which meet regularly in South Annual General Meeting - Randolph Young 4 Africa and elsewhere around the world. In addition, the Society has individual members in PROGRAMME FOR 2014 CLIVIA CONFERENCE AND SA CHAMPIONSHIP SHOW many countries, some of which also have their own Clivia Clubs. An annual yearbook and 16-21 SEPTEMBER 2014 - ROYAL SHOW GROUNDS, PIETERMARITZBURG 5 quarterly wews­letters are published by the Society. For information on becoming a member REGISTRATION FORM 16 - 21 SEPTEMBER 2014 - ROYAL SHOW GROUNDS, and / or for details of Clivia Clubs and Interest Groups contact the Clivia Society secretary or PIETERMARITZBURG 8 PayPal and FNB system not working yet - Sakkie Nel 11 where appropriate, the International Contacts, at the addresses listed in the inside back cover. 2014 CLIVIA SOCIETY AUCTION - Joubert van Wyk 12 & Clivia BREEDING The objectives of the Clivia Society A lucky find - Carrie Kruger 14 Chinese standards of appreciation and approval of Clivia plants and hybrids - 1. To coordinate the interests, activities and objectives of constituent Clivia Clubs and Sakkie Nel 16 associate­ members; & Regulars 2. To participate in activities for the protection and conservation of the genus Clivia in its Clivia over 12 months (4) Spring (September - November) - Helen Marriott 26 natural habitat, thereby advance the protection of the natural habitats and naturally The lay photographer - James Haxton 36 & CLIVIA TOURS occurring populations of the genus Clivia in accordance with the laws and practices of Restoring Clivia nobilis to the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan area - Mark Joubert 37 conservation; & RELATED 3. To promote the cultivation, conservation and improvement of the genus Clivia by: Clivia and some seasonal effects - Connie and James Abel 39 3.1 The exchange and mutual dissemination of information amongst Constituent Queen’s Park Zoo project (East London) - Glen Miles 42 Clivia Clubs and associate members; Posters by Felicity Weeden 44 3.2 Where possible, the mutual exchange of plants, seed and pollen amongst & CLIVIA SPECIES Constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; and mzololo Yellow - a recently-discovered yellow miniata habitat colony - Paul Kloeck 46 3.3 The mutual distribution of specialised knowledge and expertise amongst A Clivia paradise! - Willie Le Roux 48 & Clivi-ArtA - Helen Sanders 51 Constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; & The Clivia Society Inner Back Cover 4. To promote the progress of and increase in knowledge of the genus Clivia and to advance Advertisements it by enabling research to be done and by the accumulation of data and dissemination WILL ANYONE WISHING TO ADVERTISE OR WHO KNOWS OF POTENTIAL SPONSORS OR ADVERTISERS thereof amongst constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; PLEASE COMMUNICATE WITH Clayton Jonkers IN THIS REGARD. 5. To promote interest in and knowledge of the genus Clivia amongst the general public; SEE INNER COVER FOR CONTACT DETAILS. and The Clivia Society Newsletter started as a black on white news-sheet dated July 1992, numbered Volume 1 number 1, called 'Clivia Club'. It formed a means of communication for people interested in 6. To do all such things as may be necessary and appropriate for the promotion of the the plant genus Clivia. It was edited/written by the late Nick Primich with a frequency of 3, 5, 8 & 5 abovementioned­ objectives. during the first 4 years, using the publication month in the volume. The frequency was fixed on four annually with Vol. 5 No 1 of March 1996. The date changed to the southern hemisphere seasons with Vol. 8 No 1 of Autumn 1999. The first three used yellow paper as cover. The name changed to 'CLIVIA CLUB NEWSLETTER' with Vol. 9 No 1 More information on the Clivia Society available on Autumn 2000 with full colour photos on the cover pages. Another name change to 'CLIVIA SOCIETY www.cliviasociety.org NEWSLETTER' came with Vol. 10 No 4 Summer 2000, and in 2005 reverted to a quarterly number. CLIVIA NEWS is the continuation of this series.

The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the Clivia Society or the editor. 1 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2013 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2013

Editorial inspiration and an example of how to live your CLIVIA PERSONALITIES life to its full potential. At 76, to be shot and t is with great sadness that we heard of the killed in your house early in the morning by recent untimely traumatic deaths of both cowardly thieves is so wrong. You will be greatly A giant of a man has fallen into a permanent sleep André du Plessis and Danie van Vuuren and of I missed Oom André. Brenda and Doc Danie we By André P du Plessis Jnr the passing of Brenda Nuss. Our condolences go will miss you dearly too. out to their families. The Society’s quadrennial conference will be ndré du Plessis Snr passed I have known the du Plessis family in Houghton held in September in KwaZulu-Natal, and one away on Monday 13 January for nearly 30 years, and Oom André and I were can sense the excitement building. We hope A2014, after being fatally in Japan together in 2008 on Shige’s Clivia tour. most of our readers can attend the conference, wounded during an unsuccessful Many years ago on a transaction I was advising catch up with old acquaintances and make house robbery. He is survived by his on in central east Africa, the transaction desk new friends. Please make your bookings and wife Dolfie, children André, Adele, officer told me, reservations early, as there will be a lot of Jean and Marius and 10 grandchil- after days of activity in and around Pietermaritzburg over the dren. It is always sad when someone disagreement conference period. who had such a profound impact on a fundamen- Good progress has been made toward a on so many lives, over such a long tal set of issues, proposal to be tabled at the Society AGM that to find a way period passes away. During his life, will result in a sustainable solution in respect of to execute the he was a scholar, a teacher, a vision- a yearly Yearbook and the regular flow of news will of a specific ary, a practical man, a capitalist, through the Clivia News. person because an economist, a botanist, a game this person was I would like to thank the various article ranger, a hunter, an estate agent, a ”somebody”, contributors, without whom we would not have a property developer, a soldier, a as he was very a Clivia News. I only wish we could get more captain, a gardener, a marketing senior individ- people writing more regularly. & genius, a philosopher, a husband, a ual with a lot Joubert van Wyk: Editor – Clivia News friend, a father, a grandfather and a André P du Plessis – photo by Tascha Sciarone of power. In P.S. Cut-off date for submissions for the next colleague. my eyes, Oom Clivia News: 10 March 2014. André was born in Middelburg, Transvaal. more seeds for germination in his greenhouse, André was He lived in many places in South Africa, like which he later planted in either his garden, on ”somebody” as André du Plessis – photo by Cover: Lucky Girl, Photo Carrie Kruger Middel­burg, Randfontein, Durban, Belville and his farm or in someone else’s garden. If there a person, an Joubert van Wyk Back cover: Oil painting by Rita Weber Randburg. He finally settled in Houghton, is a dominant memory, it would be the amount Johannes­burg where he lived for 34 years. As an of time our family spent in nature in so many Erratum - In the article Breeding ‘Romulus’ and ’Remus’ in Clivia News No 3 2013 - the second estate agent and property developer, he played different locations on species hunts. In one paragraph, line two the word "robusta" should have read "robust" and in line 7, the word "cral" should a major role in Johannesburg’s development, incident in the Amazon, when pursuing a spe- have read "coral". On especially in the 80s and 90s. He developed cific Orchid species and climbing a high tree, page 18 the picture countless suburbs, precincts, office blocks and he was attacked by wasps and had to drop named ’Remu’ is petrol stations. Amongst his peers, he was one into the river below to save himself. But that in fact a ‘Remus’ of the foremost figures regarding knowledge of didn’t stop him. On another occasion, he even seedling cross. property development and property law. brought seed that he collected in Malaysia to The article Garden André had a passion for life, which everyone South Africa. Route Clivia Club can attest to. He embraced things with energy, A few days before his untimely passing, André Mini Interspecific precision, and with a plan, and usually was an and Dolfie stopped over in the Valley of Show 2013 was writ- expert on the topic at the end of the project Desolation at Graaff-Reinet, which is an ele- ten by Carrie Kruger. because of all the research he had done dur- vated plateau providing a magnificent view Remus correct photo Remus close-up Picture by Felicity Weeden ing the process. Orchids, Clivias, Staghorns, of the great Karoo below and beyond. His indigenous flora in general, Cycads and Aloes granddaughter took a photo of André, hands & EDITOR OF NEWSLETTER & YEARBOOK Joubert van Wyk: PO Box 1820, Houghton, 2041, were all genera he collected with a passion. on his hips in the typical Du Plessis photo pose, Republic of South Africa & Tel: +27 83 307 7707 & E-mail: [email protected] busy scanning the landscape. The photo is & PUBLIC RELATIONS OFFICER Clayton Jonkers, PO Box 413, Cape Town, 8000 Home He travelled across South Africa, the subcon- & Tel: +27 21 913 0416 & Mobile +27 083 267 7206 & E-mail: [email protected] tinent and indeed the globe, collecting seeds testimony of a man who was great at seeing & Design & Layout Fréda van Wyk & and plants. He found it exceptionally difficult beyond the horizon. It is with great sadness & Cover: Masthead Design TERSia van Rensen to drive past any tree or plant with seeds or that we part from you. & Printing Seriti Printing, Unit 6, 49 Eland Street, Koedoespoort, Pretoria .Tel:+27 12 333 9757 pods on it. He always had to stop to collect May you rest in peace. "Keep on smiling." &

2 3 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2013 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2013 Brenda Nuss By Val Thurston - KZN Clivia Club

t is with great sadness and loss that I have roast chicken and to report the sudden passing of one of our the best roast I most active and longstanding KZN Clivia Club potatoes I have members, Brenda Nuss, on Sunday evening 28 ever tasted, putting January 2014 after a short illness. fresh flowers next Brenda joined the KZN Clivia Club Committee to my bed and a and took over the Finance and Membership chocolate on my portfolios from me in 1997. She also ran a pillow – when I PROGRAMME FOR 2014 CLIVIA CONFERENCE very efficient and profitable KZN Seed Bank spent a couple of AND SA CHAMPIONSHIP SHOW from its formation in November 2000 right nights with her through to February 2008 when she resigned and Etzel over the 16-21 SEPTEMBER 2014 after her return from the USA where she had Seed Bank period Brenda Nuss contracted a serious life-threatening illness. and tasty cream or ROYAL SHOW GROUNDS, PIETERMARITZBURG Although Brenda and Etzel were no longer on cheese scones when we popped in to visit on our the Committee, they continued to support our way back from fetching Clivia mix. TIME ITEM COMMENT shows, meetings and outings, but at a slower Brenda was a caring and loving wife to Etzel, DATE pace. beloved mother to Cheryl, Robyn and Robbie, TUESDAY 09:00 Glen & Liz Boyd Tour starts at 09.00 Brenda was always around to support me and a devoted, entertaining and special grand­ 16th September [email protected] From the farm “Ben and give advice on Club and personal matters mother to her four grandchildren. [email protected] Eden” when I called upon her. Brenda always made Our condolences and prayers go out to Etzel Cell: 082 552 5011 me feel special – cooking my favourite meal, and the family. We shall miss Brenda dearly. & Cell: 082 825 2124 Habitat Tour and Lunch Lunch served midday society & CONFERENCE R200-00 transport extra WEDNESDAY 09:00 Lionel and Debbie Bester Meet at Lionel’s Annual General Meeting 17th September [email protected] home at 09.00 Cell: 082 567 1074 27 Park Lane Hilton Randolph Young, Chairman Garden Route Clivia Club Afternoon John Handman Refreshments at [email protected] midday he 2014 Annual General Meeting of the Clivia Society will be hosted by the Garden Route Clivia Cell: 083 660 1275 Club. It will take place on Saturday, 17 May, 2014 and will be held at the Loerie Guest Lodge Habitat Tour Mphophomeni Tour starts at 3pm T Conference Room in George, located at 91 Davidson Road George. It will start at 12:30 for R200-00 transport extra Duration 2 hours 13:00. A light meal will be served at 13:00 and the meeting will commence at 14:00. BENCHING OF 09:30 – 12:30 The Loerie Guest Lodge has 25 modern rooms available for those in need of accommodation. Other SHOW PLANTS B&Bs and lodges within walking distance of the conference room: JUDGING 15:00 Caledon St No. 10 044 873 4893 REGISTRATION 06:00 for 06:30 1st Registration at Royal Show Meet and Greet George Lodge 044 874 6549 Grounds Social Evening with Delegates, Speakers, Caledon 23 Country Lodge 044 873 5628 Buffet Supper Growers/Breeders Protea Hotel Outeniqua 044 874 4488 THURSDAY 08:00 2nd Registration KZN Clivia Light Refreshments Waenhuis 044 874 0034 18th September Show at Royal Show Grounds will be served There are restaurants, for own account, within walking distance. BENCHING OF 08:00 – 09:00 Formal Benching of Auction If, following the annual meeting, you wish to renew or make new acquaintances, this can be AUCTION PLANTS Plants in Conference Room arranged at a nearby restaurant, but, due to financial constraints, the costs thereof will be for your 08:30 – 08:40 Welcome own account. Please advise regarding your attendance before 10 May 2014. 08:40 – 09:05 1st Talk Speaker: Mark Laing Those arriving by plane and not hiring vehicles but in need of transport, please advise. Non Chemical Propagation Contact: Ida Esterhuizen 072 613 6066. &

4 5 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2013 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2013

DATE TIME ITEM COMMENT DATE TIME ITEM COMMENT THURSDAY 09:05 – 09:20 15 Minute Q & A’s + Swop over FRIDAY 8:00 – 12:00 Sean Chubb Refreshments available 18th September 09:20 – 09:45 2nd Talk Speaker: Calvin Becker 19th September [email protected] Fungal Research +27 31-7811978 09:45 – 10:00 15 Minute Q & A’s + Swop over Cell: 084 301 9960 (Third Speaker sets up) SATURDAY 09:30 – 16:00 Francois & Ginny Tea on arrival Conference 10:00 – 10:30 30 Minute Tea Break Light Refreshments will 20th September [email protected] Lunchtime Cost R850.00 be served Cell: 076 487 0300 Braai & Salads (Discounted 10:30 – 10:55 3rd Talk Speaker: Johan Spies Cell: 082 820 0633 Cold drinks and alcohol price R750.00 if Paula Spies R100-00 Food at own expense paid before Genetic Research SUNDAY 09:00 – 12:30 Val & Roy Thurston Refreshments available 1 June 2014) 10:55 – 11:10 15 Minute Q & A’s + Swop over 21st September [email protected] 11:10 – 11:35 4th Talk Speaker: Outa Jacobs Cell: 072 464 5212 Clivia Feeding 11:35 – 11:50 15 Minute Q & A’s + Swop over ACCOMMODATION: 25 Minute Talk 11:50 – 12:15 5th Talk Speaker: Brian Tarr For those of you who are coming for the KZN Conference in 2014 and need accommodation and 15 Minute Space saving Clivias transport to and from the King Shaka Airport, Durban, to the various tours and growers’ collections changeover 12:15 – 12:30 15 Minute Q & A’s + Swop over and to the Conference from your hotel, please contact Tracy of Sure Adcocks Travel, as she is (Speaker No. 6 Sets Up) arranging special packages at suitable hotels in the Pietermaritzburg area. 12:30 – 13:30 Lunch Break Buffet Luncheon Tracy at SURE ADCOCKS TRAVEL +27 33 342 9151 email [email protected] 13:30 – 13:55 6th Talk Speaker: Sean Chubb NB: Over Conference and Show period there are several other events being held in the THURSDAY Taking Clivia Colours Pietermaritzburg and Hilton areas, so it is advisable to book early to be sure of securing 18th September into the Future suitable accommodation. Should you prefer B & B facilities over a hotel, a list of suitable B & B 13:55 – 14:10 15 Minute Q & A’s + Swop over accommodation is available. Please email the Secretary, Angie Smith on [email protected] 14:10 – 14:35 7th Talk Speaker: OR Val Thurston on email: [email protected] and a copy will be sent to you. You will need to Pikkie Strumpher make your own transport arrangements for B & B accommodation. Delegates should be aware Selective Breeding that the Durban International Airport is quite far NORTH of Durban. There are no hotels in the 14:35 – 14:50 15 Minute Q & A’s + Swop over vicinity. It is our opinion that you would be better off leaving Pietermaritzburg and going direct to 14:50 – 15:15 8th Talk Speaker: Calvin Becker the airport, a drive of approximately 1 ¼ hour, rather than staying over-night in Durban and then Viral Research trying to get to the airport. Easy directions from Pietermaritzburg will be supplied. 15:15 – 15:30 15 Minute Q & A’s + Swop over (See on page 10) (Set up Speaker No. 9) BOOKING AND PAYMENT DETAILS: Email Proof of Payment to: Randal Payne [email protected] 15.30 – 16.00 30 Minute Tea Break 16:00 – 16:25 9th Talk Speaker: TO BE CONTACT DETAILS FOR VISITS TO KZN GROWERS’ HOMES ANNOUNCED GROWER Cellphone EMAIL ADDRESS 16:25 – 16:40 15 Minute Q & A’s + Swop over Francois & 076 487-0300 (Francois) [email protected] 16:40 – 17:05 Speaker: 10th Talk Ginny van Rooyen 082-820-0633 (Ginny) [email protected] Felix Middleton Sean & Terri Chubb 084-301-9960 [email protected] Hybridization,Genetics 031-781-1978 (Terri) www.cliviasa.co.za & Line Breeding Mike Callaghan 083-651-0937 [email protected] 17:05 – 17:20 15 Minute Q & A’s Roy & Val Thurston 072-464-5212 [email protected] CLOSURE OF CONFERENCE 031-7635736 EVENING SUPPER – at Cascades own cost Henry Howard 083-536-5507 [email protected] FRIDAY 08:00 – 17:00 OPEN to public, SUNDAY TRIBUNE GARDEN SHOW Hottie Human 082-290-6332 [email protected] 19th September members & delegates John Handman 083 660-1275 [email protected] Closes 17:00 Clive Witherspoon 082-659-5146 [email protected] 15:00 RAS Show grounds AUCTION REGISTRATION Joey Dovey 083-344-0572 [email protected] Drinks & Snacks Liz and Glen Boyd 082-825-2124 [email protected] 17:00 AUCTION COMMENCES Lionel & Debbie Bester 082-567-1074 [email protected] VISITS TO GROWERS Transport for Louis Lotter 078-100-4883 [email protected]/www.ngomieclivias.co.za your own expense to all growers 6 7 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2013 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2013

2. ACCOMPANYING PERSON/SPOUSE Title:

Last name/Surname:

First name:

Special dietary requirements: Vegetarian Halaal Other Specify

3. SUMMARY OF ITEMS: REGISTRATION FORM Note: Transport will be arranged by Sure Adcocks Travel and is an additional cost which can only be calculated once numbers attending the tours are known. Please book with Tracy 16 -21 SEPTEMBER 2014 at SURE ADCOCKS TRAVEL +27 33 342 9151 email [email protected] Please mention that you ROYAL SHOW GROUNDS, PIETERMARITZBURG will attend the Clivia Conference when you book. Conference Registration Fees include Buffet Supper on Wednesday 17/09/2014, Lunch 1. PARTICIPANT ATTENDANCE INFORMATION and Teas on Thursday 18/09/2014. Thursday Supper cost is excluded. Note: Please provide information as you wish it to appear on your badge and on the official Description: Cost Number of Indicate if TOTAL participant database. A copy of this registration form should be completed for each full registration. Persons transport payable to The fees remain the same for accompanying persons. is required KZNCC Conference Registration Title: Mr/Mrs/Ms/Dr/Prof: (on or before 1/6/2014) R750-00 Name: Conference Registration Last Name/Surname: (after 1/6/2014) R850-00 Accompanying person Trading as: Conference Registration Mailing address: (on or before 1/6/2014) R750-00 Accompanying person Conference Registration (after 1/6/2014) R850-00 Country: Tuesday Tour 16/09/2014 R200-00 Accompanying person Postal code/Zip code: Tuesday Tour 16/09/2014 R200-00 Phone & cell: Wednesday Tour 17/09/2014 R200-00 Accompanying person E-mail address: Wednesday Tour 17/09/2014 R200-00 Fax: Friday Visit to Sean Chubb 19/09/2014 - Accompanying person Passport/ID number: Friday Visit to Sean Chubb - Indicate your Clivia Society CCC EPCC FSCC GRCC JCC KZNCC NCC Saturday Visit to Francois van Rooyen membership where includes Braai for lunch 20/09/2014 R100-00 applicable Clivia Society Accompanying Person Other Specify Saturday Visit to Francois van Rooyen includes Braai for lunch 20/09/2014 R100-00

Sunday Visit to Val Thurston 21/09/2014 Accompanying person Special dietary Vegetarian Halaal Sunday Visit to Val Thurston 21/09/2014 requirements: Other Specify SUBTOTAL =

8 9 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2013 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2013

4. DISCLAIMER 9. OFFICIAL TRAVEL AGENT FOR KZN 2014 CONFERENCE Registration fees do not include insurance for participants against personal injuries, sickness, theft, Sure Adcocks Travel has been appointed as the official travel agent for the 2014 conference and can or property damage. This applies to any event associated with the 2014 Clivia Conference “Taking take care of your flight reservations, accommodation, car hire and airport transfers. Special group Clivia into the Future”. Participants are advised to obtain whatever insurance they consider necessary. rates have been negotiated for accommodation situated close to the Conference venue. Neither the Organizing Committees nor its sponsors or committee members assume any liability Please contact Tracy at Sure Adcocks Travel on +27 33 342 9151 and email [email protected]. for loss, injury or damage to persons or belongings, however caused. In the event that the 2014 Please mention that you will attend the Clivia Conference when you book. Clivia Conference “Taking Clivia into the Future” is postponed, cancelled or abandoned by reason of war, fire, storm, explosion, national emergency, labour dispute, strike, lock-out, civil disturbance, inevitable accident, force majeure, the non-availability, either wholly or partially of the Conference Centre at the Royal Agricultural Show Grounds or any other cause not within the control of the Organizing Committee, the said Committee shall be under no liability to the Sponsors, Exhibitors, or delegates in respect to any actions, claims, losses (including consequential losses), costs or expenses whatsoever which may be brought against or suffer or incurred by sponsors, exhibitors or delegates Signature: Date: as a result of the happening of any such event(s).

5. CANCELLATIONS AND REFUNDS POLICY • Refund (less 20%) if written cancellation is received before 15 July 2014. • Refund (less 50%) if written cancellation is received on or before 31 July 2014. • Refund (less 75%) if written cancellation is received on or before 15 August 2014. • No refund will be granted after 15 August 2014. PayPal and FNB system not working, yet • The committee reserves the right to cancel any of the tours should there not be sufficient am sorry to inform all International and United Kingdom members that during the past 19 support. In this case fees paid will be refunded. months (from August 2012 until now) we could not succeed in getting the PayPal facility up Iand running via our First National Bank-cheque account. 6. PAYMENT Only in middle December 2013 the Legal Department of PayPal brought themselves (after • KZN Clivia Club is not registered for Value Added Tax. numerous and endless requests and complaints) so far to tell us that according to a law of • All payments are due with the submission of the registration form. 1997 The Clivia Society needs to apply at The Department of Social Welfare to be registered • To qualify for the discounted registration fee (R750-00), payment should be made on or before as a Non-Profit Organization and without their allotted NPO number FNB cannot link our FNB 1 June 2014. cheque account to the PayPal account. During 2013 I did receive a number of e-mails informing me of member’s names and amounts 7. PAYMENT BY MEANS OF A BANK TRANSFER that were paid into the PayPal account. To date I have not received a statement from PayPal to show what credit balance The Clivia Society has? • Please state your full names clearly on the money transfer. We now need to submit an application form and two sets of the Constitution to the • Please note, bank charges are for your OWN account and this should be stipulated to your Department of Social Welfare, pay R1300.00 fees and wait about six months for them to bank. Please advise your bank that the charges should be included in your deposit amount.• consider declaring the Clivia Society an Non-Profit Organization and without their allotted A copy of your bank deposit receipt should accompany your registration form and must be number we go nowhere! emailed to Randal Payne [email protected] So I please request all International members as well as United Kingdom members to hold back paying your membership fees until we can communicate again. 8. BANKING DETAILS Last year’s fees paid into PayPal will be cleared up with PayPal by the Treasurer or remunerated Bank: Nedbank to the Society by the Treasurer if needs be. Name of Account: KZNCC 2014 Conference Sorry for the inconvenience endeavored in this regard. Account Number: 1065839642 Thank you for your co-operation. Branch sort code: 198765 Sakkie Nel Reference: Insert your surname followed by your initials Treaurer The Clivia Society Proof of Payment: email: [email protected]

10 11 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2013 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2013

Entries purchases made by them. Purchases must be paid for in full. An entry consists of: If a plant remains unsold due to the highest bid At least two electronic photos – one showing being lower than the reserve price, a commission the umbel of the entry plant and the other of 10% will be payable by the owner on the photo showing the entire plant of the actual highest bid received, subject to a maximum of plant on offer. The photographs must be no R1000.00 and a minimum of R100.00. Such a smaller than 800KB and no larger than 1.5MB. payment is to be made to the Society Treasurer Recommended size could be achieved at 72 ppi immediately after the auction before the plant and 800 x 600 pixels in 8-bit mode enabling will be released to the unsuccessful seller. good quality photographs to be used on the In the event of a buyer not being able to effect Society’s web pages to display the flowers and payment for a plant, such plant will remain the 2014 CLIVIA SOCIETY AUCTION the plant. If possible, there should be a Colour property of the seller and can be collected by the Chart II clearly visible next to a flower in one of seller immediately after the auction. Joubert van Wyk - [email protected] the photographs showing the nearest colour. Any plants not collected by the later by 21:00 on A fully completed entry form relating to the Friday, 19 September, or within an hour of the entry plant. Only fully completed entries will be he Clivia Society will hold its 6th The auction will consist of a live auction of end of the auction will not be the responsibility considered. quadrennial International Conference between 50 to 70 plants and artefacts. of the Society or any of its office bearers. T coupled with an auction of various rare Sellers of plants, who cannot stay until the end Rules and regulations and exceptional Clivia. The conference will be Timetable of the Auction, must please appoint an agent to held on Thursday 18 September 2014, and the May 2014: Invitations open for Clivia Society A selection panel will adjudicate all entries, collect his/her plant, should it be unsold, due to auction will take place in the afternoon of Friday members to submit entries. using the information and digital photographs no interest or a reserve price not being reached. 19 September 2014 at the Royal Show Grounds, By 28 June 2014: Close of entries. submitted, to decide on the auction plants. Such sellers must also notify the Auction Master in the Conference Auditorium, Pietermaritzburg,­ about the name of their agent. By 4 August 2014: Entries adjudicated and Only one specimen of a specific clone/cultivar South Africa. entrants informed; Photos placed on Conference (for instance ‘Potties Peach’ or ‘Q2’) will be The panel reserves the right to change the rules web pages. auctioned. If submissions for more specimens of as deemed necessary or appropriate. Introduction a specific clone (which is included in the list of 17 September 2014: Display area prepared. No correspondence will be entered into by The objective is to provide conference atten- plants to be auctioned) are received, the most the Society, whose decisions will be final and 18 September 2014: Benching - between 08:00 mature offset will be selected. However, more binding. dants the opportunity to acquire various and 09:00. extraordinary plants for their collections and than one specimen will only be allowed if, in the 19 September 2014: Bidder registration; create additional excitement and publicity opinion of the selection panel, it is warranted. Conditions of sale Auction; Buyer payments; and Plants collected. around the conference. The auction also has Mature plants should be entered for selection. Attendance at the auction is free. A bidder’s Within one week post auction: Society and the benefit for the owners of exceptional plant In exceptional cases, the selection panel will ticket will be R100.00, which will be refunded KZN Clivia Club commission and sellers’ money material to market their plants to a discernable consider allowing immature offsets to be after the auction. transferred. auctioned. market segment able to pay up and for sellers The auction list of sale is final. to establish current market prices for some of The panel’s decision is final and will be made their plants. Auctions are generally regarded Selection process known on or about 4 August, 2014. Goods are sold “voetstoots” i.e. on an as is basis. as efficient price setting mechanisms, and as A panel nominated by the Society will serve as A commission of 10% will be payable by the Buyers or their agents must be present at the such, can serve as an interesting benchmark the Auction Selection Panel. Such panel will seller to the Society (which the Society will auction. and provide reference prices within the Clivia consider the entries and select approximately share on a 50:50 basis with the KZN Clivia Club) community. 50 to 70 plants for the live auction. Entrants following the sale of each item. The commission The highest bidder is the purchaser, subject to The auction will be held on the afternoon will be informed of the selection and/or non- will be deducted from the selling price and the the auction item’s reserve price (if any) being of Friday 19 September in the Conference selection of their entered plants as per the above net amount will be electronically transferred, met. Auditorium. Registration will commence at timetable. within 7 days of the auction, to the bank Bidding and payment will be in SA currency. 15:00 and drinks and snacks will be served A reserve price may be specified on the account of the seller specified in the original Payment can be made by electronic payments there after. The auction will commence at application form for a plant but preference may entry (or the South African bank account of the (internet access will be available for winning 17:00. be given to plants where no reserve price is agent of a non-South African resident). Only bidders to be able to do internet banking The commission from the sales will be used specified. Reserve prices will be displayed with electronic payments in Rand will be made. transfers) within one hour after the end of the to cover the auction-related costs, with the the plants, together with the name of the seller Setoff will not be allowed i.e. sellers cannot auction. Any other payment, except cash, is Society’s share going for general Society use. and, ideally, a short description of the plant. offset any of their sale proceeds against any only by prior arrangement. Ownership of plants

12 13 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2013 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2013 is transferred to the new owner (buyer) on plants on offer but who are not able to attend payment. No credit is available. in person must find an agent to bid for them Although the Society facilitates the auction on during the auction, noting that full payment behalf of sellers, the Society nor their office must happen within an hour of the last plant bearers or subsidiary clubs are responsible or auctioned, as per the payment instructions accountable for the authenticity of any item on contained in this document. offer, or responsible for any plant between the time of benching and the time of collection. Non-residents in South Africa Benching and display Parties not resident in South Africa should obtain an agent in South Africa to whom they can send The selected auction plants must be benched a plant they wish to enter into the auction. If between 08:00 and 09:00 on Thursday, 18 the entry is accepted, the entrant should ensure September at the Conference Room. They will be that his/her South African agent is aware of on display to the conference attendees during these rules and the requirements, and that her/ the day on Thursday, 18 September until the his plant(s) are benched at the appropriate start of the auction. time. The Society will transfer the net proceeds of successful sales (after deduction of the sale Registration and bidding commission) to the seller’s agent’s Rand account Bidders for the auction will be required to in South Africa. The Society will not apply for register. Only bidders with registration numbers Exchange Control approval to pay any monies will be allowed to bid in the live auction. Bidders outside South Africa. The Society does not take must register prior to the live auction. Interested responsibility for arrangements between sellers parties who would like to bid on any of the and their agents in any form or other. & Photos by Carrie Kruger CLIVIA BREEDING 'Lucky Girl' 2007 A lucky find By Carrie Kruger, Utopia Clivias ome of our most famous Clivia were not single Clivia in flower. From a distance it did all bred by world famous breeders, but not look like much, as the flower was past its S originated from the most humble places best and rather tattered and torn. Upon closer like small backyard nurseries or in ordinary inspection, I was impressed with the colouring gardens of non-collectors. Spotting these special of the nearly-faded flowers. I decided to take Clivia has always been one of my wishes. Being this girl home with me and give her a chance a mother of two gymnast daughters, the only with some good feeding and potting up in new travelling I have done for the past few years was soil. to different towns where they would compete. I For two years the plant grew new leaves and decided that whenever we travel to these towns become a healthy specimen, but did not flower for gymnastic competitions, I would make a for two seasons. Early in the season of 2010, special effort to go into the little nurseries and I spotted a flower forming and I was rather look at what they have to offer in unusual bulbs excited to see what it would look like after two and maybe spot a Clivia or two? years of feeding and resting. It was in one of these little towns where I made Well, I was not disappointed. This plant rewarded my discovery five years ago. Not expecting much me with a beautifully presented umbel of multi- in this little Eastern Cape town, I still decided to coloured flowers. In 2011 it flowered again, and go in and have a look at what they had in stock. this time the umbel was even better looking. Not As I wandered through the little nursery looking knowing anything about the history or breeding at their local bulb selection, my eye caught a of this plant, I have done multiple pollinations 'Lucky Girl' 2010

14 15 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013

When cleaning and appreciating your Clivia The leaves of some plants have a matt plant’s leaves, be very careful to distinguish appearance which is not unattractive as such. whether the leaves should be wiped or touched Others seem to have been painted with a layer at all. Certain leaves can be severely damaged by of stain, with no veins or patterns whatsoever wiping or touching them. Most (all?) variegated and they shine like the boot tip of a very proud plants do not re-act well when their leaves are soldier! The texture, veins and patterns on most being touched or wiped, or even touched by leaves enhances their brightness and makes other Clivia leaves in the shade house. them so much more appealing. Brightness in the Chinese mind-set is determined by: i. Brilliance ii. Glittering iii. Just a little bright iv. Very light bright v. Dark bright vi. matt bright Just as varied as the many flower colours and flower types, you will find much variation in the leaves of different Clivia plants. Espe­ cially is this true in China where they breed their royal 'Lucky Girl' 2011 and noble plants. with a variety of pollens for the past three These treasures are often hiding in the most Round Head hybrid years, and only time will tell. I have aptly named unusual places and it is always rewarding to this clivia ‘Lucky Girl’ and it flowers early in the spot one of these special Clivia and add it to season every year. your collection.

The Chinese standard of appreciation and approval of Clivia plants and hybrids By Sakkie Nel

he notes that follow were arrived at, by enthusiasts have appreciated the leaves and the author, mainly from photographs of appearance of the Clivia plant so much so that T Chinese Clivia plants over a period of 16 the flower of the plant scores a maximum of years. It is therefore possible that I am trying three points out of 100 at show time! to put words in the mouths of Chinese Clivia This is easily understood when one accepts that breeders! The statement that ”beauty is in the a plant with beautiful foliage gives 12 months eye of the beholder” is especially true when one of enjoyment compared to one which has lovely looks at a royal and noble Clivia plant bred in flowers for less than a month, and then only China by their many dedicated breeders. at the end of their harsh winters. Brightness to them means the degree of reflection from the 1. Brightness of the leaves surface of the leaves, while other leaves may Since the early twentieth century, Chinese Clivia have a very dull or matt appearance. Round Head hybrid Leaves of Zhang Wen Yue Hua Lian (Painted Face)

16 17 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013

Leaf of Malian hybrid Pod Parent Leaf of Malian 05 Leaves of Painter Short Leaf hybrid 02

The tips of the different leaves vary hugely. 3. Rigidity of the leaves Shows Round Head, Brightness, Texture & Venation - Leaves of Some have a sharp, spear-like tip while others Painter Short Leaf hybrid Dwarf, miniature and short-leaf hybrids bred on the broader leaf types show perfect round with leaves <300 mm prove to be much more species and hybrids in terms of the ratio of length length that the Northern Clivia Club in Pretoria tips. rigid and erect than those of the six different and width of the leaves is just as impossible. To decided upon in February 2003 under the species in collections or in the habitat. These say they are long, pendulous, sub-erect, narrow, guidance of the late Ammie Grobler. 2. Fineness of the leaves hybrids “present” their rigid leaves much better stiff, erect, leathery or arching actually means Mature category Width Brightness, fineness and beauty are all part and than the plants of the six species. nothing because you may find all these types parcel of the same game. Dark glossy green It is not possible to indicate the micron thickness of leaves within every one of the six species. In Extra narrow leaf < 25 mm wide colour with good veins and patterns running of the leaves because they vary too much within collections, plants may even differ from breeder Narrow leaf 25 – 50 mm wide into the tips of the leaves as well as variegated each specie as well as in the habitat or in your to breeder. Semi broad leaf 51 – 75 mm wide leaves are very popular. collection. Such measurement will not necessari- Broad leaf 76 – 100 mm wide ly apply to any other plantof the same specie. 4. Veins and patterns on the leaves Extra broad leaf 101 – 110 mm wide To describe the type of leaf of the different Mutations or a combination of rare genes are Super broad leaf >110 mm wide the sources of novelty leaves in Clivia. A Clivia plant in flower or with eight leaves or The leaf veins take on a particular significance. more is considered to be a mature plant. The Clivia plants often have prominent veins and Chinese enthusiasts do not favour plants with Chinese breeders have succeeded in selecting leaves longer than 150 mm. They are very fond and breeding for exaggerated veining, and some of the very short leafed Monk and Monk Daruma very good vein patterns have been developed. because of the much greater brilliance and very They have bred plants with veins sunk below the distinct veins. Other favourites include Crinkle surface of the leaf or raised. Face or Malian, Light of Buddah, Akebono from The regularity and spacing between the veins Japan and Sparrow. is just as important as the regularity of cross- vein spacing. The veins must run into the tip of 6. Categories of leaf length the leaf. Forms with a yellow background with Mature category length deeper green veins on the leaves have proved to be very sought after. Dwarf or miniature leaf < 200 mm Short leaf 201 – 350 mm 5. Categories of leaf width Medium leaf 351 – 600 mm Long leaf > 600 mm 3.He's Guo Lan Yellow Upright Straight Panel - Short Leaf hybrid The following were the standards for width and

18 19 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2013 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013

Leaves of Painted Face (L) & Changchun (R) hybrids

F1 of He's Guo Lan Peach F1 of He's Picoté Guo Lan

Upright Straight Panel - Short Leaf hybrid - Premium Quality He's Guo Lan Yellow He's Yellow Blush Daruma

7. Scape or peduncle shape upright and the flowers will show the deepest colours when opening. These must preferably be 100% upright, healthy and rigid to present the umbel above Unlike the other species, C.mirabilis produces a the canopy of the leaves, without any added very thin and very long peduncle, but the seeds support. The centre of the plant must be in the are ripe and fall off within three months when centre of the pot and the pot must be the right the peduncle is already drying out. It seems to size to complement the entire presentation. be a mechanism of the plant to “protect itself” From when the scape is first visible until 50% of in the harsh conditions of the North Western the flowers are open takes about 38-42 days. Cape sun. This will vary depending on the weather and The width, length and thickness of the especially how cold it is. During this period the different stalks need to be studied in order plant should be placed in an area with enough to understand why they differ so vastly from Painter Short Leaf hybrid Upright Leaf Panel - Short Leaf hybrid light and air, so that the stalk can develop species to species.

20 21 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2013

High Gold Ingot Shape - Pseudo Bulb High Tower Shape - Pseudo Bulb

High Wedge Shape - Pseudo Bulb Low Column Shape - Pseudo Bulb

Overall Shape, Head Shape Width & Length Ratio - Round Head Short Leaf hybrid

8. Seat shape of the plant 9. Umbel shape and flower count The Chinese favour plants where the leaves are The umbel of flowers must be as big as possible short, broad and stacked horizontally above with as many flowers as possible on it. The Low Gold Ingot Shape - Pseudo Bulb Low Tower Shape - Pseudo Bulb each other in two opposite ranks. They turn the flowers on the umbel must be arranged in such plant 180° every three days between North and a way that there are a minimum of openings South to obtain this perfect balance in the leaf between the individual flowers. For show growth, so avoiding growth in the direction of purposes, it is necessary that 50% of the flowers stronger light. on the umbel should be open when the plant is judged in South Africa. The balance of the umbel The structure of the leaves from the centre of and the canopy of leaves must be perfect and the plants can differ dramatically and it is not preferably the umbel must protrude above the solely a matter of the amount of light on the leaves. Breeders tend to discard plants with a very plant which enables it to grow symmetrically. low flower-count but if the flower proves to be a Some of these plants are formed so beautifully noble and royal specimen like ‘Appleblossom’ or and perfectly that painters will quickly reach for Low Wedge Shape - my ’Griet’, to date nobody can bring themselves their palettes and brushes! Pseudo Bulb to do it!

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Overall Shape Shape -Round Head Short Leaf hybrid Leaf of Painted Face hybrid Leaf of Painted Face hybrid Malian Guo Lan X

Leaf d - Malian X Leaf of Malian Leaf of Malian (Painter X Short Leaf)

Rigidity & Thickness -Upright Straight Panel Short Leaf hybrid Venation & Texture - Leaf of Malian

10. The auxiliary conditions like a scape peduncle is always a very eye-pleasing sight for with ripening fruits its proud owner. Clivia lovers worldwide seem to find an endless stream of aspects about the A bunch of ripening berries on top of an orange, Clivia plant and its flowers that capture their red, pastel, yellow, peach or variegated plant’s attention completely. &

All photos published with the kind permission of Eddie Pang of Australia

Leaf of Malian Leaf of Malian Leaf of Malian

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REGULARS flowering of Clivia, especially C. miniata? Feeling unable to do justice to such a Clivia over 12 months (4) Spring task, instead I will briefly (September - November) reflect upon a few personal highlights and experiences, By Helen Marriott illustrated with photos, but, of necessity, much must be hile occasionally C. miniata will flower flora as well as several rarer hybrids involving omitted. sporadically throughout the year, a C. mirabilis also continued to bloom. Shown W small succession of their flowering here are a yellow interspecific of South African The great Clivia in August in Melbourne, Australia is not origin (Fig. 1) and two Japanese interspecific unexpected. September 2013 saw the rapid hybrids, the first from Nakamura’s breeding mix The great Clivia never fail to impress. Iconic plants such opening of many buds and an earlier peak and the second, a bronze C. miniata x C. nobilis Fig 2' Carmen-Venus' than usual in my own case as well as for many cross (Figs. 2-3). Various pots of C. caulescens as ‘Vico Yellow’ and ‘Chiba others in the area, undoubtedly due to the flowered throughout the spring season but Gold’ (a ‘Vico Yellow’ hybrid) weather conditions of the previous weeks. For contrary to expectation, I had few blooms of C. (Figs. 4-5) produced truly the first time since the commencement of the nobilis during this period. superior flowers, but ‘Ella van Melbourne Clivia Group (MCG), I was able to My original intention at the beginning of 2013 Zijl’ (Fig. 6) is always magical take a sample of ‘Aurea’ flowers to our club’s was to submit one brief text summarizing Clivia and never seems to have an main event in the third week of September. C. flowering over the 12 months in Melbourne “off year” while John van miniata were in full glory during that month, for the final issue of Clivia News. The editor, de Linde’s bronze multite- particularly in the latter half, with quite a however, suggested that I break the submission pal (Fig. 7) also continued drop off as October progressed and only rare into four segments, thus contributing on four its stand-out performance. exceptions of C. miniata flowered in November occasions. That idea was fine until spring Needless to say, there were and early December. came and presented me with the most difficult many other plants with admi- This spring, interspecific hybrids commonly challenge: How can one adequately describe rable flowers. involving C. caulescens, C. nobilis/C. x cyrtanthi­ or even sample the magnificent early spring In addition, I enjoyed some magnificent “simple” flowers without any special coloura- tion variation or additional feature like reflexed petals or a green centre. To me, Fig 3 C miniata x C nobilis the orange-coloured ‘Vico Yellow’ hybrid shown in Fig. 8 is beautiful for its simplicity but no doubt its large flower size also contributes to its impressiveness, though it is hard to appreciate this fact from just a photograph.

First flowers While it is often claimed that the flowers of Clivia will improve (or, on occasion, even change) after their ini- tial flowering, I particularly look forward to all new first flowers, especially when I have grown them from seed. Fig 1 (Holmes yellow x 'Kirstenbosch Yellow') x 'Ngome Yellow' Fig 4 'Vico Yellow'

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For instance, I was particularly thrilled with undertaken a number of crosses the late Mick Dower’s ‘Bronze Bugler’ (a with it, partly to test whether the Nakamura bronze C. miniata x C. garde- original yellow flowering parent nii) x Hirao1 which produced a pleasing was Group 1 or 2 yellow (as I bronze interspecific (Fig. 9) as well as with have a hunch that it could be a (‘Kirstenbosch Yellow’ x C. mirabilis) x TK the latter and have seen a nice Original Yellow with a green centre (Fig. orange/salmon-coloured flower 10). These flowered in September and which Nakamura produced from October respectively. crossing Chubb Peach with a John Winter’s cross of a yellow C. miniata Koike group 2 yellow). x C. mirabilis also flowered in October on a My observations of the flowering peduncle which measured 1.10 m in height of multitepals which are crossed from the top of the pot (or 83 cm from the with non-multitepal C. miniata top of the leaf sheath) to the top of the suggests that the multitepal flower (Fig. 11). Fearing that I might dam- characteristic will sometimes emerge in the first flowering or age the plant in some way, I left it in situ Fig 5 'Chiba Gold' Fig 8 'Vico Yellow' hybrid orange and photographed it stand- else on the second occasion. ing “heads and shoulders” My own cross of Bill Morris’s above other plants around it. ‘Sunset Shades’ (an orange x yel- Creating my own new low C. miniata) x a big Nakamura hybrids is one of the most multi­tepal has produced a splen- enjoyable aspects of grow- did round umbel with orang- ing Clivia, especially as it is ey pastel-coloured flowers and something which I have never although each flower only has six even attempted with other tepals, I look forward to future garden plants. Over the past flowerings and to crossing this two years I have seen the plant back to another multitepal outcomes of a cross involv- plant (Fig. 14). ing two Japanese multitepals and all the offspring have Subsequent flowers produced worthy multitepal Flowers which fail to excite first flowers, as seen in Fig. can make suitable presents or 12, so good in fact that I have Fig 6 'Ella van Zijl' give-aways and also mean that gone back to one of the par- Fig 9 'Bronze Bugler' x Hirao some space can be freed up, a ents, which I had neglected in necessity when main growing recent years, and re-evaluated areas become too crowded. its worth. Nevertheless, I am aware of the I was also pleased with the benefit of patience and the need outcome of a plant purchased to see at least the second flower as a Nakamura seedling in wherever possible. Certainly, 2001 which was described as some plants have got better an orange with green centre x and better with each flowering. yellow with green centre and Three years ago I was happy which I subsequently crossed with the first flowering of a with Chubb Peach. Producing Poorman’s Peach but each year a strong orange with green the flowers and umbel become centre (even when the green more impressive (Fig. 15). centre in the seed/pod parent When it first flowered in August was quite insignificant) and 2012, I identified a plant grown an interesting flower shape from Nakamura’s breeding mix (Fig. 13), I have, in turn, Fig 7 Bronze multitepal Fig 10 ('Kirstenbosch Yellow' x C. mirabilis) x TK Yellow Original

28 29 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2013 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2013 as an interspecific and realised I had expected that Harry that it was quite a large flo­ Erasmus’s cross of ‘Aurea’ x a wer for that category and also yellow C. caulescens would pro- very attractive (Fig. 16). But this duce yellow interspecfics but in plant, which I named ‘Springful’, this case it produced both pig- surprised me in September 2013 mented and unpigmented seed- by increasing in size, with flo­ lings. The better of the two yel- wers measuring 7 to 7.5 cm (cf. low interspecifics from this cross 5.5 - 6 cm in 2012) in diameter which flowered in November, and 8 cm long, and an umbel 22 later than several of its other cm in diameter. Importantly, it siblings, is shown in Fig. 19. still retains its interspecific semi- These days many of us are inter- pendulous characteristic and is ested in the outcomes of using the largest interspecific-looking Koike’s Hirao in our hybridiza- flower which I have ever seen. tion programs. Some years ago, Other hybridization outcomes Fig 13 (orange x yellow) x Chubb Peach it was a surprise after crossing Hirao onto a Koike bronze to I commenced to purchase Clivia find a percentage of unpigment- seed from South Africa around ed seedlings appear and, of 13 years ago and although I typi- course, these have subsequently cally bought only small quanti- flowered green, as in Fig. 20. ties of any one cross, I have Needless to say, we can assume been interested to observe the that Koike himself had already variation to emerge among sib- crossed this bronze to Hirao in lings from the same cross. In his own breeding. this regard, one early purchase Having admired the pollen par- was Sean Chubb’s pastel C. x ent in Cape Town in 2010, I cyrtanthiflora x ‘Andrew Gibson’ was thrilled in September when (known as ‘Andrew Gibson Pink’ four plants from Dower’s cross at the time). Surprisingly, the of ‘Kirstenbosch Supreme’ x origi­nal three seeds produced ‘Entumeni Giant Pastel’ flow- three differently coloured flow- ered for the first time, and ers, of which the cream-like although these exhibited some flower is shown in Fig. 17. An Fig 11 C. miniata x C. mirabilis slight variation, all possessed the apricot-coloured flower of the Fig 14 'Sunset Shades' x multitepal characteristic of long pedicels same cross was also in flower in which was inherited from the September. mother plant. One is shown in Fig. 21. Nakamura’s characteristic­ use of With its parent of ‘Kirstenbosch Supreme’ (orange x yellow C. miniata) as involving both Group 1 and 2 yellow, a seed/pod parent has stood these will be valuable hybrids for future him in good stead, whether it breeding. was for producing ‘Vico Yellow’ Another South African cultivar which con- hybrids, interspecifics or other sistently produces excellent outcomes is crosses. For instance, his cross ‘Oribi Gorge Yellow’. I am fortunate to of (orange x yellow C. miniata) have purchased seed of a small number of x (yellow C. miniata x C. garde- crosses involving this plant, mainly as the nii) has produced yellow, orange pollen parent, and am very pleased with and apricot-coloured interspecif- the various blooms to date. This year a ics. One of the siblings which group of Dower’s cross of a Bill Morris yel- flowered in early September is low x ‘Oribi Gorge Yellow’ produced simi- shown in Fig. 18. Fig 12 Multitepal x multitepal Fig 15 Poorman's Peach lar, but splendid orangey pastel blooms

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Fig 18 (orange x yellow) x (yellow x C. gardenii) Fig 16 'Springful' with reflexed tepals (Fig. 22). Another plant crossed again with C. miniata. Up until recently long-term breeding by Toshio Koike who had am thus changing my view about the value of of ‘Oribi Gorge Yellow’ x ‘de Villiers Variegated I had tended to favour the offspring when these crossed (C. miniata x C. gardenii) onto Group miniata-looking plants with some interspecific Peach’ is also very admirable (Fig. 23). A further produced interspecific-type flowers but discarded 2 yellows some generations earlier and had heritage, especially for their potential to produce type of cross in which I am increasingly interested those with small miniata-like flowers. However, in then continued this cross several more times. I delicate pale pastels and pinky-coloured flow- involves interspecifics (which possibly already 2013 I flowered several hybrids produced by have C. miniata twice in their breeding) when Shigetaka Sasaki and also saw the outcomes of

Fig 17 pastel C. x cyrtanthiflora x 'Andrew Gibson Pink' Fig 19 'Aurea' x yellow C. caulescens

32 33 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013 ers. For example, Sasaki’s cross of a ‘Vico Yellow’ hybrid orange x ‘Heleborus’ (which is thought to derive from C. x cyrtanthiflora breeding) produced­ a delight- ful pinkish-coloured flower in October (Fig. 24).

Other personal experiences with Clivia I often associate particular Clivia with the person who bred or shared the plant with me, or else with the memory of places visited or experiences relating directly or indirectly to the plant. Fig 23 'Oribi Gorge Yellow' x 'de Villiers Variegated Peach' It is largely thanks to the inter- national Clivia Society and more Fig 20 Koike's bronze x Hirao recently to local clubs as well as associated internet-based net- works that many of us now have active friendships with other enthusiasts on a local, national or even international basis. Even though Clivia growing – and especially buying and selling – definitely has a business side to it as well, it can be a hobby with many aspects and challenges, both of a positive and nega- tive nature. For me, the need to deal with mealy bugs which again emerged as the weather Fig 24 'Vico Yellow' hybrid orange x 'Heleborus' warmed up as well as rot prob- Fig 21 'Kirstenbosch Supreme' x 'Entumeni Giant Pastel' lems are instances of the latter, interspecific hybrid. Interesting, making me realise yet again that in early December of 2013, the growing Clivia is not only about same three plants were either in pleasant experiences! bud or were coming into flower. December in Australia is the offi- However, it looked as if it might cial start of summer and as I be ‘Yellow Nougat’ to star again prepared this short submission since it was just beginning to early in the month, I wondered flower at that time. Clearly it what would be in flower for the would be another interspecific, 2013 Christmas table. Last year maybe even a C. x cyrtanthiflora. there was competition between ‘Zest’ and ‘Yellow Nougat’, both Notes Nakamura interspecific hybrids 1. I have not used any quotation (with C. nobilis and C. caules- marks in reference to groups of cens heritage respectively) and in plants (eg, Hirao, Chubb Peach 2011 it was also a C. caulescens etc) whereas individual cultivars Fig 22 yellow x 'Oribi Gorge Yellow' Fig 25 'Yellow Nougat' are shown with the customary 34 35 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2013 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2013

CLIVIA BREEDING by the camera’s ex­- posure meter. Any background that is The lay photographer - Contrast very much lighter or By James Haxton darker than the sub- ject will affect the lowers are demanding models, especially exposure, sometimes when colour matters. They may look to the extent that too F spectacular in real life yet totally different little of the camera’s when printed or viewed on a screen. Some Left: A high-contrast image indicated by the lack of mid-range values. It range is spent on the have subtle colour that shows up bright on the is overexposed too. In addition, the scene has a brightness range beyond subject and too much image, while others just do not seem to make that of the camera. As a result, the dark and bright areas contain no on the background. an impression. An understanding of brightness, detail. The errors in this image cannot be edited out because the required The photographer has contrast, saturation and dynamic range helps detail has not been captured. One can improve the image by lowering to select a suitable photographers to create quality images. the contrast of the lighting, which requires that the light source be background or set An important tool that digital photographers diffused, and taking the shot again. The simplest solution is to use a white the exposure manu- have at their disposal is the histogram, which translucent umbrella or similar material to diffuse direct flash and sunlight. ally to suit the subject is a graphical display of the tonal range of the is what the graph looks like at the extremes. Any If the lighting cannot be controlled one has to choose, at the time of while the background image. The following image has been specially part of the image that is too dark or too bright taking the shot, which tones to sacrifice and expose accordingly. The rule may be over or under created to contain an evenly spread tonal range. for the camera to record will be added to the of thumb is to expose to the right without touching the edge. exposed. The histogram is the white overlay that contains histogram’s left and right edges respectively Right: Soft lighting allows the camera to capture the full extent of the Cameras that can the black graph. The position left to right and the graph will appear to be bunched up tones of the delicate colour of the flower. There is headroom on the right, store raw files for post represents black on the left and white on the against the edges. which means that the image can be brightened slightly if desired. Small pro­cessing afford the right and all other possible shades in-between. Automatic cameras try to get the exposure adjustments can be edited in after the shot. photographer­ greater The height of the graph indicates the size of right, but the photographer may have to inter- exposure freedom.­ the area covered by that particular shade. The fere. If the histogram touches the right side, Adjusting the f-stop down or the shutter speed These cameras not only have a greater dynamic peak in the centre of the graph represents the the exposure has to be reduced by setting the up will have the same effect if the camera is in range, but they also store much more informa- many mid-grey pixels that make up the wide exposure compensation adjustment down a manual mode. tion, 4096 or more values, while a JPG file (the grey border. step before taking the shot again. If the histogram shows that the image has too final image) shows only 256 values in each Most digital cameras much contrast, touching both sides, the JPG primary colour. After taking the shot, the pho- can be set up to dis- ”contrast” setting could be adjusted down tographer can choose the best range before play the histogram before taking the shot again. converting the raw file to JPG, at which time the automatically after The shade of the background cannot be ignored unused values are discarded. & every shot, making evaluation easy and CLIVIA TOURS convenient. A camera can record only a lim- ited brightness range; Restoring Clivia nobilis to the Nelson Mandela therefore one has to metropolitan area adjust the exposure settings to ensure By Mark Joubert, Eastern Province Clivia Club that the scene’s he Donkin Reserve was created by the then town below”. The obverse face of the pyramid brightness falls within Governor of the Cape of Good Hope, Sir includes a biographical inscription: “Elizabeth the range that the TRufane Donkin, in memory of his wife. Frances Lady Donkin, eldest daughter of Dr. camera can record. He set aside an area of land, above the (then) George Markham, Dean of York, died at Mirart The histo­gram plots small town of Port Elizabeth, for the use of the in Upper Hindustan of a fever after 7 days illness the brightness­ values Left: A dark image showing more pixels to the left. To compensate, one town and its future inhabitants. A memorial on the 21st of August 1818, aged not quite 28 of the scene only with- could set the exposure one stop lighter. There is space on the right to pyramid was erected at its centre, which bears years. She left an infant in his seventh month in the camera’s range. accommodate more bright pixels. two inscriptions. The first, facing the bay, reads: too young to know the irreparable loss he had The most important Right: This image has a reasonably good tonal range. There is some ”play” “To the memory of one of the most perfect of sustained, and a husband whose heart is still indication to look for at the extremes. human beings who has given her name to the wrung by undiminished grief. He erected this

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Pyramid August 1820”. Khayamnandi has provided a wealth of coastal Whites Road, are currently acting as a windbreak Disregarding the ban on building on the site, thicket plants, such as Gasteria species and until the new forest is well enough established the Harbour Authorities erected a lighthouse Spekboom (Portulacaria afra). Eventually it is to endure the prevalent gale force winds that and a lighthouse keeper’s cottage on the site in hoped that the Donkin Reserve will be a ”one- wrack the coast. Geologically, the Donkin the early 20th century. As the town grew, the stop visit” for tourists, to experience the wealth Reserve is typical of much of the area, with tower had to be extended to shine out over the of plant diversity in the Biomes that converge a shallow layer of topsoil on Table Mountain bay. This has given Port Elizabeth its distinctive in this metropolitan area, the ”5-Biome City” – Sandstone. The Reserve is also lucky to be logo of a pyramid and lighthouse tower. The which includes vegetation representative of the served by a high yield borehole. This aquifer also lighthouse has now been de-commissioned, but Thicket, Grassland, Forest, Fynbos, and Nama supplies the natural spring in the Baakens Vallley its importance to the city is acknowledged today, Karoo Biomes. below Fort Frederick, which led to the original as it houses the local tourism association. The Donkin Reserve was home to several cycads. establishment of the town of Port Elizabeth. The Nelson Mandela Bay Development Agency These have all been retained. Existing exotic Long may the Donkin Reserve prosper and (NMBDA) decided that the Donkin Reserve was trees, like the well-established Pines along grow. & a good project to upgrade the historical Central Business District. The Workplace Architects development­ group won the tender for the RELATED upgrade, including the historical lighthouse and the lighthouse keeper’s cottage. They appointed Clivia and some seasonal effects Patrick Watson, famous for his Sun City gardens, By Connie and James Abel as the landscaper. His vision was to return the Donkin to its original vegetation, removing years 1. Flowering time a specific date advances by five days (one day each year due to the odd number of weeks of desultory work by the Parks Department. n any single location, the date of the peak of (365/7=52.14) plus one for leap year). So every The exotic Canary Island Palms (Phoenix C. miniata flowering may vary by several weeks canariensis) were transplanted to the northern five or six years the show committees have to do Ifrom year to year, and it is of little consequence a co-ordinated one-week shuffled advance on corner of the site. A large area leading to to individual enthusiasts – their peak will occur. the newly created platform has been levelled the calendar to regain their favoured seasonal However, the timing of show dates presents a timing. and grassed with local Couch Grass (Cynodon challenge to the club committees, and also gives dactylon), to provide a usable recreational space a firm indication of the optimum flowering date for the densely populated Central suburb. The for that area. They have to be determined well Belmont Terrace edge of the reserve has well in advance, and as the show nears so members established Coral Trees (Erythrina caffra). The suggested approaching the East London Clivia become anxious that it will be ”too early” or ”too Donkin Street and Whites Road boundaries have Interest Group. Glen Miles was most helpful late” for their favourite plants. Inevitably some historical rockeries. These were work-creation and supplied many seeds, collected from club lovely plants miss their prime, but due to the projects during the worst of the Depression members. He even donated a few mature plants natural spread of flowering there has yet to be a years in the 1920s. from his own collection. Fritz Potgieter also show that was unable to put on a great display Patrick Watson’s vision includes a Coastal Forest donated established plants. Although the forest with those plants which happily are in flower on area along the Whites Road boundary. This has grown amazingly well since its planting in the selected date. involved planting over 200 locally-indigenous 2010, due to recent generous rains, it is still The miniata flowering season is brief and if all trees. This will eventually create a suitable a bit immature to shelter an underplanting of shows had to be held on the same weekend habitat for Clivia, but instead of using Clivia Clivia, but it is heartening to think that the once the clash would be serious. Fortunately it soon miniata, it has been decided to plant the more common Clivia nobilis will again thrive in the became apparent that the further south the site-appropriate Clivia nobilis. Due to muti Algoa Bay area, thanks to the generosity of the show, the later the flowering time. This intrigued hunters, this once common plant has pretty East London Clivia Interest Group. us and in a follow up we contacted a number much disappeared from the local veld. It can still Another aspect of the Donkin Reserve of friends on timing in their localities but most be found in the wilds of nearby Grahamstown rehabilitation project is that it is used as a of the replies were too general for us to try and and even in the dunes at Port Alfred, but rescue site for local flora threatened by new quantify the correlation. As the number of clubs appears to be wiped out locally. developments. So far, a variety of Fynbos plants has grown, so also have clubs accommodated Local Clivia nobilis expert, Charl Malan, was have been rescued from a townhouse site their neighbours to avoid the severest of clashes, loath to strip plants in the area of seed, due to in Parson’s Vlei and from the BayWest Mall and the same sequence is followed each year. their slow growth and threatened status, but Development. A new low-cost housing site in Even this presents headaches. Every four years

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Isabelle and Pierre De Coster are well-known quantification of how accurately flowering can enthusiasts and commercial growers from be controlled with temperature. Belgium (40°N), and say “it depends on the In Europe’s glasshouses with controlled environ- weather, and without heating Clivia flower in ment (heating and sometimes refrigeration), March/April”. This follows the trend. Clivia can be brought into flower for Christmas, Then in July 2013 we were delighted to hear from but at a substantial cost, according to Isabelle our SA friend, Felipe Orlans, that he is "spending and Pierre. Dirk Lootens, also from Belgium, an increasing amount of time in Scandinavia, I confirms this and emphasises that the European couldn’t help but wonder as to how clivias would Clivia stock have been heavily line-bred for early respond to the ‘midnight sun’ summer days and flowering for over 100 years, a trait that we have the ‘endless’ winter night. I started by planting all welcomed in the Belgian Hybrids. a few seeds which snow balled into more proj- The flowering peak for each collection may also ects and questions- building a nursery/hothouse, be spread because of differences between early bringing in plants from home in South Africa to and late flowering strains. For example, in our stock it, wondering when is the best time to bring collection we have miniata originating from in plants? How to prevent root loss? What soil the Port Shepstone area which always flower mixes to use, etc.? It’s been a steep learning curve one to two weeks later than our other miniata. but growing clivias never stops to fascinate”. Interestingly, this pattern also occurs under con- Felipe also attached a lovely picture of his hot- trolled conditions. Alan says, “there seem to house under those incredible northern lights. be plants that are early and late bloomers even Only 6 degrees south of the Arctic Circle with in the same temperature regime. Longwood its 24 hour summer sunshine (and winter dark), Fireworks always blooms earlier than Longwood that is close to the extreme. Felipe has gone on Debutante by about 2 weeks”. to say that “if clivias are kept as a pot plant (and Bridget Randall from the southern Cape, SA, has not thrown away after flowering) they eventu- summarised accurately, stating “I have always ally revert to flowering again in summer – July, felt temperature rather than day length was an August (not spring)”. With the plants obviously important factor in C. miniata flowering and that having to be wintered under controlled environ- confused, that is substantially later than New could explain the too early or too late syndrome ment and this allows control of flowering date! Plymouth’s (39°S) show in mid-October, but it still at the southern shows, whereas day length will The photo is of Longwood Gardens in winter follows the trend. not change between years”. The number of clubs has grown and the first (magazine centrefold cropped out). Is this a satisfying confirmation of a good direct We are not aware of any research or confirmed Clivia News of 2013 gives an excellent events Alan, a research specialist at Longwood, wrote: correlation between latitude and flowering? Well observations on the stimuli to flowering for the timetable presented by Sakkie Nel with 20 “We grow Clivia miniata in heated greenhouses no: The spanner in the numbers! The Longwood five pendant species. Why two of them flower southern hemisphere shows listed. This enabled for the winter months here in the East. I give my (40°N), Pennsylvania, show was held on Mar on reducing temperatures in late autumn/early us to graph date and latitude and it is apparent plants a chill from November through January. I 09-10 – six degrees further north but one week winter and three on increasing temperatures in that there is a good correlation. The correlation try to keep my temperatures below 50°F [10°C] earlier than Huntington! late spring/early summer remains a puzzle. We would have been even better if there had not and above 40°F [4.4°C] for as much of that time Queries to Marilyn, Tom Wells (CA) and Alan understand that Johan Spies and his genetics been neighbourly clash-avoidance and if halls as possible. Two months before the selected Petravich (PA) brought prompt explanations. In team at Free State University will shortly publish were available when wanted. Over six weeks the show date, I gradually raise the temperatures up the east at 40°N, winters are severe with Clivia some significant news on the number of species, shows move south by 15 degrees. to 60°F [15.5°C] over a one-week period. I can and perhaps those relationships may give some We then compared northern hemisphere show delay flowering as long as I have cool tempera- indication. dates. In California Clivia are grown under ambient tures outdoors, so I have much more flexibility conditions, as in the southern hemisphere. The than the West Coast of the USA, and can move It now seems clear that the apparent correlation basic correlation is supported by Marilyn Paskert’s the show date at Longwood to any date in between latitude and flowering time is indirect statement that “Southern California plants bloom March. Two weeks after I raise the temperature through temperature. before Northern California plants by a week to 60°F, I start to see flower buds. I can speed Great, but is it of little more than academic or two”. The Huntington LA (34°N) show was or slow flowering by adjusting the greenhouse interest for all of the enthusiasts in more temper- held on Mar 16-17, and based on days after temperatures. I can keep them in bloom and in ate climes whose Clivia are grown outside and the winter solstice this mirror images well with good condition a long time (three weeks or so) if who have to accept flowering whenever it may southern hemisphere weekend on Sep 21-22 I can keep the temperatures cool”. Many thanks occur? NO – construction of a small controlled- (average latitude 32.8°S). Alan – it is the first time that we have seen a environment glasshouse for Clivia would enable

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ardent exhibitors to winter a few special plants in leaf variegation. The Hikari form of Akebono them, and time their flowering to make the “Best is permanent in that a plant will show the on Show” award a good probability! transverse bands year after year and each band remains on the leaf until it dies. All cells 2. Altitude (leaf and scape) dividing off the meristem As shown in the figure, the natural and wonderful for perhaps six weeks in late winter/early forested habitats of the five eastern species of spring are incapable of producing chlorophyll. Clivia extend over 1500 km from latitude 23ºS After that ”window” period they return to to 34ºS. In the north we have caulescens on normal. This is clearly shown in the photo the edge of the escarpment at up to 1900 m of one of our plants of Yoshi Nakamura’s above sea level, dropping steadily southwards breeding. In the centre, the pale green new through miniata, gardenii and robusta country season’s bands can be seen emerging from in the midlands to nobilis that grows down to the centre of the plant. After the ”window” sea level in the south. The latter is, of course, an ends, each immature leaf continues to extend absolute minimum, with specimens having been to its normal mature length through summer seen being washed out to sea during storms as and autumn, accounting for the attractive waves have eroded dune forest on the edges of staggering of bands (at that stage faded to the beaches! white) in the older leaves. A few leaves that Is this a direct inverse correlation? Again, NO. It grew fully between spring and early winter is probably safe to conclude that it is also indirect have no bands and it can be seen that the fast- into an ongoing exercise for the group. Space It is the Group’s sincere hope that within a few through temperature – Clivia at altitude in the growing peduncle was all albino. representing an ideal environment is available years our members will be able to introduce south would be frozen in winter while any at low There is no doubt about the seasonality, with and only the will and time of willing helpers our Clivia visitors with pride to an impressive altitude in the north they would be ”cooked” by the only apparent annual variation being in is required to develop a real Clivia Garden of display of our beloved plants in full bloom lowveld temperatures in summer. the intensity/broadness of the band. We have Eden. under all but natural conditions. & no means of determining when the meristem 3. Akebono Hikari divided in producing those cells. Obviously With Striata (longitudinal bands) and Light of day length/latitude and/or temperature are Buddha (random blotches), Akebono (trans- correlated, but we don’t have any idea of the verse bands) is a third major type of Clivia relative importance of these determinants. &

Queen’s Park zoo project (East London) By Glen Miles, Border Interest Group View of the Clivia enous trees that form a canopy over many of the walkways. Our group saw the opportunity ur local zoo, “Queen’s Park”, in East of not only displaying the various species of our London does not receive the attention much-loved plants but also felt that this would and financial benefits that it should from O be an ideal opportunity to help in the education the local Municipality. While the animals are in of the public in general,­ and of the younger good condition, the surrounds could receive a generation in particular, of our indigenous flora. little more loving care. This situation led to the The zoo does cater for large school groups. birth of a group of active helpers calling them- While many Saturday mornings have been spent selves “THE FRIENDS OF THE ZOO”. by group members mulching, fertilising and An invitation by this group to the Border Clivia planting donated plants, the whole project could Interest Group to develop an area within the have moved at a more accelerated pace. zoo ground with Clivia was accepted by the To date, some thousand plants have been Interest Group. established, including all the species except for The zoo grounds have an ideal environment for Mirabilis. The more one gets involved, the more our beloved Clivia. There are beautiful indig- one realizes that this project could develop Fritz Potgieter & Club Matriarch Stella van Gass at work

42 43 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013

POSTERS by Felicity Weeden

Water colour painting by Rita Weber

44 45 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013

CLIVIA SPECIES the mountain verges. The mini­ata flowers Mzololo Yellow - a recently-discovered yellow that were observed are fairly uniform, miniata habitat colony although some plants have quite broad By Paul Kloeck, Lowveld Clivia Club leaves. The Clivia gar­ denii, however, re- colleague of mine contacted me vealed several blush, a while back and exclaimed excit- pink and pastel forms, A edly that he and his son, while some with beauti- hiking along a river tract, had come across ful green tips. While a small colony of yellow Clivia along the the two species grow Mzololo River course. The Mzololo River in the same general­ flows through the farm Glendale Heights. vicinity, there is no Glendale Heights is situated in the Glendale overlap of populations district of Northern KwaZulu-Natal. The and no hybri­disation farm is better known by locals as ”Mamba was found. The habi- Valley” on account of the very large and fre- tat areas seem dis- quently encountered black mambas. Many tinct to each species, Mzololo River Habitat Yellow thousands of Clivia miniata and Clivia garde- although both are nii grow naturally along mountain streams found in the riparian disease, or both. The owners were requested to take photographs of the umbel this year. and in the densely canopied forest on Mzololo River Yellow forests adjacent to water as well as forests away from water. The colony consists of about six mature plants Roger Fisher and I paid a visit to the farm and growing amongst rocks along the river course. photographed the colony in situ. The flowers They are very well protected and would prob- were fairly spent and no good shots of the ably survive the occasional floods. The umbel umbel could be taken. It was also fairly obvi- measures about 24 cm across and carries 22 ous that a number of plants in the colony had lemon yellow florets. Leaves are 65 mm wide died back as a result of some fungal or bacterial and between 80 and 90 cm long. Regrettably, a portion of this farm has been leased to Tongaat Hulett for 10 years and approx- imately 250 hectares are presently being cleared for sugar cane produc- tion. The owner reports that thousands of Clivia are being harvested for the muti trade by con- tractors, labourers on site and neighbouring inhabitants of the very extensive rural villages surrounding this farm. Three offsets of this clone have been re­­ moved and have been replanted at the farm Mamba Valley Glendale Heights KZN Mzololo River Yelllow homestead garden. The

46 47 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013

Mzololo River Yellow Umbel

future of this yellow colony is uncertain and sadly this colony as well as many of the other indigenous Clivia may permanently be lost from their natu- ral habitat in the very near future. &

A Clivia paradise! By Willie Le Roux, Eastern Province Clivia Club

or many years Owen Fletcher tried to grow on a variety of plants only brought temporary plants underneath the many indigenous greenery soon to die away again. Eventually Ftrees on his large property in Port Elizabeth. a friend donated a couple of Clivia plants and Following suggestions made by friends and even suggested that he try these under the trees. To nurseries, and spending thousands of Rand his surprise, these plants soon thrived and he

48 49 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2013 became adamant to obtain large quantities of with Clivia. He ordered a further 10 000 seeds CLIVI-ARTA BY HELEN SANDERS Clivia to cover most of his property. and sowed them under the trees. He repeated It was during October 2004 when Owen this procedure for another two years, having enquired from me as to how he should go sowed a total far in excess of 40 000 Clivia about getting lots of Clivia plants. I suggested seeds eventually. In the meantime, he also built the cheaper route of obtaining and germi­nating up a collection of yellows, reds and pastel Clivia. seeds rather than buying adult plants. I gave By spring of the fourth year, he had hundreds Roly Strachen’s contact details to him as Roly of Clivia flowering and could sit on his porch was, at that stage, selling mixed seeds at R100 admiring a fantastic array of colours. Needless per kilogram. On arrival of his first 10 000 to say, the Clivia kept on multiplying from the seeds, I gave him a hand to put them in large seeds sowed at yearly intervals, so much so germination boxes and explained the procedure that his entire property is now covered with forward. With a very busy office schedule, Clivia plants, a real paradise when in flower. he found the germination and planting out He eventually ran out of space and has now procedure time consuming and decided on an started growing them on the verge of his easier way of eventually covering his property property. &

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50 51 CLIVIA NeWS & Volume 22 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2013 The Clivia Society: Management details REPRESENTATIVES OF Clivia Enthusiasts www.cliviasociety.org & Netherlands Aart van Voorst: Tel: +31 252529679; e-mail: [email protected] MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE: 2012/2013 & United Kingdom Sakkie Nel: Tel: +27 12 361 6415, e-mail: [email protected] Chairman: Christo Topham: Mobile: +27 82497 5879 e-mail: [email protected] & USA & Canada William McClelland: Tel: 1 805 484 14 84 10 48, e-mail: [email protected] Vice-Chairman: Francois van Rooyen: Mobile: +27 76 487 0300; e-mail: [email protected] Secretary: Vacant OTHER OVERSEAS CONTACT PERSONS Treasurer: Sakkie Nel: Tel: +27 12 361 6415, e-mail: [email protected] FOR MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION Member: Paul Kloeck: Mobile: +27 79 493 1719, e-mail: [email protected] & Australia Ken Smith: Tel: +61 247543287; e-mail: [email protected] INTERNATIONAL CONTACT PERSONS & USA & Canada William McClelland: Tel: 1 805 484 1484; Australia: Ken Smith: 593 Hawkesbury Rd., Winmalee. NSW 2777. e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +61 24 754 3287, e-mail: [email protected] CONTACT DETAILS FOR CLIVIA CLUBS New Zealand: Tony Barnes: Tel: 64 6 752 7873; e-mail: [email protected] AND INTEREST GROUPS United Kingdom: Sakkie Nel: Tel: +27 12 361 6415, e-mail: [email protected] Europe: Aart van Voorst: Tel: +031 25 252 9679, Frederik Hendriklaan 49, & Border Interest Group Glenn Miles: Tel: +27714217812; Fax: 086 6577 892 (RSA only); HillegomTE 2181, Netherlands. e-mail: [email protected] Interest Group e-mail: [email protected] USA & Canada: William McClelland (Correspondence): Bolin Ave., Camarillo, & Bosveld Willem Nel: + 27 82 879 8305 or Madeleine: +27 82 899 1287; Ca93010-4708, USA, Tel: 1 805 484 1484 1048, Interest Group e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] & Cape Clivia Club Joy Woodward: Cell: +27 72 487 7933; e-mail: [email protected] & Eastern Province Willie le Roux: Cell: +27 41 360 3480; e-mail: [email protected] Clivia Club PORTFOLIOS & Free State Clivia Club marius Swart: +27 51 436 6778 +27 83 274 6482; Newsletter Editor: Joubert van Wyk: Mobile: +27 83 307 7707 e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] & Garden Route Ida Esterhuizen: Tel: +27 44 871 2214; e-mail: [email protected] Yearbook Editor: Joubert van Wyk: Mobile: +27 83 307 7707 Clivia Club e-mail: [email protected] & Highway (Durban area) Mike Callaghan: Cell: +27 83 651 0937; e-mail: [email protected] Public Relations Officer: Clayton Jonkers: Mobile: +27 083 267 7206 Interest Group e-mail: [email protected] & Joburg Clivia Club Glynn Middlewick: Tel: +27 11 476 1463; e-mail: [email protected] Standards and Judging: Koos Geldenhuys: Mobile: +27 83 442 4487 & KwaZulu-Natal John Handman: +27 33 330 5261; +27 83 660 1275; e-mail: [email protected] Clivia Club e-mail: [email protected] Registrar for named Ken Smith: Tel: +61 24 754 3287 & Lowveld Clivia Club maria Grové: Tel: +27 83 475 1176; Fax: +27 86 531 8724 (RSA only). Clivia cultivars: e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Research: Vacant & New Zealand Tony Barnes: Cell: 082 821 9766, Tel: 057 392 3552 (H); Clivia Club e-mail: [email protected] Webmaster: Gideon Scheepers: e-mail: [email protected] & Vryheid Jasper Jonker: Cell: 084 050 4337 Interest Group CLIVIA CLUBS & Northern Clivia Club Secretary: Elma Britz Cell: +27 82 673 0532; e-mail: [email protected] Cape, Eastern Province, Free State, Garden Route, Joburg, KwaZulu-Natal, Lowveld, New Zealand, Northern and Northern Free State & Northern Free State Ben Nel: Cell: +27 82 821 9766; Tel: +27 57 392 3552: Clivia Club e-mail: [email protected] INTEREST GROUPS & NKZ-N (Newcastle) Lieb Swiegers: Cell: +27 83 293 5268 Interest Group Border, Bosveld, NKZ-N (Newcastle), Overberg, Highway (Durban area) and Vryheid & Overberg Clivia Felicity Weeden: Tel: +27 84 5898 297; e-mail: [email protected] Interest Group 52 Water colour painting by Rita Weber