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Peacebuilding: a Caritas Training Manual Peacebuilding 22/1/03 11:59 am Page i Peacebuilding: A Caritas Training Manual Caritas Internationalis Peacebuilding 22/1/03 11:59 am Page ii Published in 2002 by Caritas Internationalis Palazzo San Calisto 00120 Vatican City Tel: +39 06 698 79 799 Fax: +39 06 698 87 237 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.caritas.org © Caritas Internationalis 2002 The opinions expressed in this publication are the authors’ and do not necessarily reflect those of Caritas Internationalis. Publication Consultant: Fergus Mulligan Communications, e-mail: [email protected] Design, Layout and Printing: Genprint Ireland Ltd. Cover photos: Caritas Internationalis and Trócaire. Writers: Reina Neufeldt12, Larissa Fast12, Fr Robert Schreiter1, Fr Brian Starken2, Duncan MacLaren2, Jaco Cilliers12, John Paul Lederach1 Contributors: Fr Pierre Cibambo1 2, Jean Dib Hajj2, Georges G. Khouri2, Raymond Ton2, Julie Morgan2, Thérèse Nduwamunguv2, Peter Seko Weke2, Roberto Barja Miranda2, Fr Gregory D’Souza2, Sr. Maria Scaria2, Caroline Theves2, Fr Nithiya Sagayam2, Vincent Batarelo, Msgr Hector Fabio Henao, Bishop Patrick Koroma, Fr William Headley1, Mohammed Abu-Nimer1, Hizkias Assefa1, Mary DeLorey1, Mary Hodem1, Lewis Rasmussen1, Theodore Togo, A. Quintus, Justina McMahon, M. Assad Shaftari, Robin Gulick, Tayib Thomas, Linda Stern, Tito Faras, Ben Schennink, Jack Byrne, Elizabeth Bobo Baldeh, Alex Schein 1 Participated in Trainer consultation 27 January 2001 2 Participated in Pilot Workshop 11-14 November 2001 Peacebuilding 22/1/03 11:59 am Page iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface, Duncan MacLaren, Secretary General, Caritas Internationalis vii SECTION I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 User Profile and Manual Goals 1 1.2 Caritas: A Vision for Justice and Peace 3 1.3 Development and Peacebuilding: Relationships and Process 4 1.4 How to Use this Manual 5 1.5 Manual Overview 7 1.6 Sample Training Schedules 8 1.7 Being an Effective Peacebuilder 11 1.8 Danger! This Manual is Not a Recipe 13 1.9 Glossary 14 SECTION II: PEACEBUILDING TRAINING MODULES Module 1 Introductions and Welcome 17 Beginning the Training 17 Icebreakers 18 Expectations and Ground Rules 18 Trust-building 19 Training Evaluation 19 Exercises 21 Module 2 Challenges of Reconciliation 26 What is Reconciliation? 26 Religious Perspectives on Reconciliation 29 Dilemmas of Reconciliation 32 Sustaining Reconciliation Work 33 Exercises 35 Handouts 43 Module 3 Skills for the Peacebuilder - Conflict and Context Analysis 53 Defining Conflict 54 Conflict Levels and Dynamics 54 Conflict and Culture 57 Gender, Children and Conflict 58 Post -Traumatic Stress Disorder 59 Conflict Analysis 60 Power 64 Exercises 66 Handouts 73 Module 4 Concepts for Peacebuilding - Principles and Frameworks 79 Peacebuilding 80 Gender and Peacebuilding 81 Peacebuilding Where? 81 Peacebuilding When? 83 Peacebuilding Activities 84 Five Operating Principles for Peacebuilding 89 An Integrated Framework for Peacebuilding 93 Exercises 97 Handouts 99 Module 5 Skills for the Peacebuilder - Communication and Conflict Handling 106 Perception 107 Communication 108 Conflict and Culture 110 Conflict handling Skills 110 Exercises 118 Handouts 129 Peacebuilding 22/1/03 11:59 am Page iv Module 6 Skills for the Peacebuilder - Programme Analysis, Design and Evaluation 150 Peacebuilding Programme Analysis 151 Strategic Concepts and Capacities for Peacebuilding 151 Connectors and Dividers for Peace 153 Visioning 154 Evaluation 155 Using Peacebuilding Principles in Evaluation 156 Analysing How Programming Affects Conflict 157 Peacebuilding Evaluation Framework 159 Exercises 162 Handouts 170 SECTION III: YOU AS TRAINER 3.1 Planning a Workshop 183 Workshop planning 183 Room Set-up 185 3.2 Training for Adults 187 Different Approaches to Training 187 Principles of Adult Learning 188 Multiple Sources of Intelligence 190 Training Techniques 190 3.3 Trainer Motivation: Knowing Yourself 194 Being an Effective Trainer 194 Critical Awareness 195 Team Training 195 Personal Approaches to Conflict 195 Spiritual and Mental Health 196 3.4 Facilitiation and Training Skills 200 Defining the Role of a Facilitator 200 Skills of a Good Facilitator 201 Exercises with a Purpose 201 3.5 Group Dynamics 205 Factors Influencing Group Dynamics 205 Stages of Group Formation 206 Dealing with Group Conflict and Difficult People 206 Leadership and Decision-making Styles 208 Maintaining Open Participation 209 Activities for Enhancing Group Dynamics 210 3.6 Training Evaluation 212 Importance of Evaluation 212 Timing Suggestions 212 Ways to Evaluate 212 References 214 Appendix A: Additional Resources 215 Appendix B: Regional Case Studies 220 iv Peacebuilding: A Caritas Training Manual Peacebuilding 22/1/03 11:59 am Page v EXERCISES SECTION II: PEACEBUILDING TRAINING MODULES Module 1 Introductions and Welcome 17 1.1 Brief Interviews 21 1.2 Adjective Names 21 1.3 Drawing Portraits 22 1.4 Bringing Something from Home 22 1.5 What do You Expect? 23 1.6 Interviewing for Expectations and Experiences 23 1.7 Tropical Rainstorm 24 1.8 Potato Game 25 Module 2 Challenges of Reconciliation 26 2.1 What Does Reconciliation Look Like? 35 2.2 Reconciliation Fruit 36 2.3 Jacob and Esau 37 2.4 The Prodigal Son 40 2.5 Truth, Justice, Peace, Mercy 41 2.6 Stations of the Cross 42 2.7 The Gift 42 Module 3 Skills for the Peacebuilder - Conflict and Context Analysis 53 3.1 Conflict Web 66 3.2 Fire 66 3.3 Identifying your Group 67 3.4 Three Questions 68 3.5 Why Analysis? 69 3.6 The 3 Ps 69 3.7 The Who, What, and How of Conflict 70 3.8 Conflict Map 70 3.9 Defining Power 71 3.10 Sculpting Relationships 72 Module 4 Concepts for Peacebuilding - Principles and Frameworks 79 4.1 Peacebuilding Where and When? 97 4.2 Parable – The Child and the Garden 98 4.3 Emergency Response and Peacebuilding 98 Module 5 Skills for the Peacebuilder - Communication and Conflict Handling 106 5.1 Old Lady/Young Lady 118 5.2 Fixed Positions 118 5.3 The Disrupter 119 5.4 Slanted Story-telling 120 5.5 Robbery Report 121 5.6 Folding Paper Game 122 5.7 Personal Conflict Style Inventory 122 5.8 Animal Conflict Styles 123 5.9 Chairs 123 5.10 Nine Dots 124 5.11 Creative Problem solving 126 5.12 Negotiation Role-Play 126 5.13 Mediation Role-Play 127 5.14 Models of Mediation 128 Module 6 Skills for the Peacebuilders - Programme Analysis, Design and Evaluation 150 6.1 Strategic Analysis for Peacebuilding 162 6.2 Analysing the Connectors and Dividers for Peace 163 6.3 Conflict in the Countryside 164 6.4 Short and Long-Term Peacebuilding Activities 165 6.5 Visioning the Future 166 6.6 Peacebuilding Analysis and Evaluation in Marraton 167 6.7 Analysing the Interaction between Programming and Conflict 168 6.8 Analysing the Impact of Programming on Conflict 169 Table of Contents v Peacebuilding 22/1/03 11:59 am Page vi HANDOUTS SECTION II: PEACEBUILDING TRAINING MODULES Module 2 Challenges of Reconciliation 26 2.1 Jacob and Esau 43 2.2 The Prodigal Son 46 2.3 Stations of the Cross 47 Module 3 Skills for the Peacebuilder – Conflict and Context Analysis 53 3.1 Conflict is like Fire 73 3.2 The Who, What, and How of Conflict 74 3.3 Conflict Map 76 3.4 The Power of Human 77 3.5 Sources of Power 78 Module 4 Concepts for Peacebuilding – Principles and Frameworks 79 4.1 Peacebuilding Where? 99 4.2 Peacebuilding When? 99 4.3 Five Operating Principles for Peacebuilding 101 4.4 Parable - The Child and the Garden 103 4.5 An Integrated Framework for Peacebuilding 104 4.6 Case Study: Emergency Response and Peacebuilding 105 Module 5 Skills for the Peacebuilder – Communication and Conflict Handling 106 5.1 Optical Illusions (Old Lady/Young Lady and Faces/Vase) 129 5.2 Robbery Report 130 5.3 How do I respond to conflict? 131 5.4 Conflict Styles 136 5.5 Conflict Styles and the Degree of Concern for Relationships and Issues 137 5.6 Animal Conflict Styles 138 5.7 Nine Dots 140 5.8 Creative Problem solving 141 5.9 Basic Principles of Negotiation 142 5.10 Negotiation Role-Play: Role for A. Smith 143 5.11 Negotiation Role-Play: Role for P. Patel 144 5.12 The Process of Mediation 145 5.13 Third Party Communication Skills 146 5.14 Mediation Role-Play: Role for Caritas Staff Member 147 5.15 Mediation Role-Play: Role for Director of Partner Organisation 147 5.16 Mediation Role-Play: Role for Mediator 148 5.17 Case Study: Rapid Response in Wajir 149 Module 6 Skills for the Peacebuilders – Programme Analysis, Design and Evaluation 150 6.1 Strategic Capacities for Peacebuilding 170 6.2 Strategic Concepts for Peacebuilding 171 6.3 Connectors for Peace 172 6.4 Case Study: Programming in Cusmar 173 6.5 Conflict in the Countryside 176 6.6 Mukigamba Information Updates 177 6.7 Peacebuilding Principles Evaluation Framework 178 6.8 Case Study: Marraton 179 6.9 Interactions between Programming and Conflict 181 vi Peacebuilding: A Caritas Training Manual Peacebuilding 22/1/03 11:59 am Page vii PREFACE This is possibly one of the most important books you will ever hold in your hands. Its aim is to help bring the sanity of peace to a world wracked by the madness of violence. It will train workers in Caritas to incorporate conflict prevention, peacemaking and reconciliation into their work as part of Caritas Internationalis (CI), an international Confederation of 154 Catholic relief, development and social service agencies working in 198 countries and territories – one of the largest humanitarian networks in the world. At the 16th General Assembly of Caritas Internationalis, held in the Vatican City in June 1999, the work of the CI Working Group on Reconciliation, which resulted in Working for Reconciliation: a Caritas Handbook, was confirmed.
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