Elena Carrió ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3294-7031 Phylogeny, biogeography and morphological ancestral character reconstruction in the Mediterranean genus Fumana (Cistaceae) Running title: Phylogeny of the Mediterranean genus Fumana Elena Carrióa*§, Meike Engelbrechtb§, Patricio García-Fayosb, Jaime Güemesc a Departamento Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, E.T.S. de Ingeniería Agrónomica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain. b Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación (CIDE) - (CSIC-UV-GV), Carretera Moncada - Náquera, Km. 4.5, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain c Jardín Botánico – Universidad de Valencia, Quart 80, 46008, Valencia, Spain. § These authors contributed equally to this work * Corresponding author. E.mail address:
[email protected] (E. Carrió). Departamento Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, E.T.S. de Ingeniería Agrónomica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain. Phone number: +34 91 06 70841. Abstract Fumana is a diverse genus of the Cistaceae family, consisting of 21 currently accepted species. Nuclear (ITS) and plastid (matK, trnT-L) molecular markers were here used to reconstruct the phylogeny and to estimate divergence times including 19 species of Fumana. Phylogenetic analyses (Bayesian Inference, Maximum Parsimony and Maximum Likelihood) confirmed the monophyly of Fumana and did not support infrageneric divisions previously established. The results support four main clades that group species that differ in vegetative and reproductive characters. Given the impossibility to define morphological characters common to all species within the clades, our proposal is to reject infrageneric divisions. Molecular dating and ancestral area analyses provide evidence for a Miocene diversification of the genus in the north-western Mediterranean.