320 Le Choix Des Soldats Se Porta Sur Amilcar. Des Vaisseaux De Transport, Qui Arrivaient Des Emporia, Chargés De Vivres, Et Su

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320 Le Choix Des Soldats Se Porta Sur Amilcar. Des Vaisseaux De Transport, Qui Arrivaient Des Emporia, Chargés De Vivres, Et Su 320 Le choix des soldats se porta sur Amilcar. Des vaisseaux de transport, qui arrivaient des Emporia, chargés de vivres, et sur lesquels on comptait beaucoup, furent détruits par une tempête : véritable désastre pour les Carthaginois, car ils n’étaient plus maîtres de la Sardaigne, qui, jadis, avait subvenu à leurs besoins dans des circonstances semblables. Enfin, Utique et Bizerte firent défection. Ces deux villes qui étaient toujours demeurées fidèles, même lors des invasions d’Agathocle et de Régulus, qui, dans la guerre présente, avaient seules en Afrique résisté courageusement à la révolte, s’unirent sans motif aux Libyens et, depuis lors, se montrèrent aussi dévouées à leurs nouveaux alliés qu’acharnées contre Carthage, Après avoir massacré et jeté du haut des remparts 500 hommes qu’elle avait envoyés à leur secours, les habitants ouvrirent leurs portes aux rebelles et ne voulurent même pas consentir à l’ensevelissement de leurs victimes. Ces événements enhardirent Mathos et Spendios. Ils bloquèrent étroitement la capitale. Mais Amilcar tenait la campagne et interceptait les vivres qu’on leur envoyait. Il était secondé par Hannibal, que le peuple avait nommé général à la suite de l’exclusion d’Hannon et, semble-t-il, subordonné à Barca. Naravas, de son côté, lui rendait les plus grands services. Carthage, elle aussi, était menacée de la famine. Elle implora Hiéron, qui la secourut avec beaucoup de zèle : le roi de Syracuse comprenait bien que, si elle disparaissait, les Romains n’auraient plus aucun souci de le ménager. Quant aux Romains, ils observèrent loyalement le récent traité ; ils se montrèrent même bienveillants, quoique, au début de la guerre, ils eussent failli se brouiller avec le gouvernement carthaginois. Celui-ci avait arrêté et jeté en prison des gens qui venaient d’Italie apporter des vivres aux rebelles. C’était assurément son droit ; cependant Rome, mécontente, avait envoyé des députés pour réclamer la mise en liberté des captifs, dont le nombre s’élevait à environ cinq cents. Carthage ayant cédé, les Romains lui en surent si bon gré qu’ils lui restituèrent tous les prisonniers de la guerre de Sicile qui étaient encore détenus chez eux. Depuis lors, ils firent un accueil empressé à toutes ses requêtes. Ils invitèrent les marchands à lui fournir les choses nécessaires et leur interdirent tout rapport avec les mercenaires et les Libyens. Ils repoussèrent un appel des révoltés de Sardaigne ; ils refusèrent aussi de violer le traité en acceptant l’offre d’Utique, qui s’était donnée à eux. Grâce à ces concours, les Carthaginois purent soutenir le siège. Les assiégeants, au contraire, furent réduits par Amilcar à une telle famine qu’ils renoncèrent à leur entreprise. IV Peu après, Mathos et Spendios réunirent les guerriers les plus braves, entre autres ceux qui avaient à leur tête un indigène nommé Zarzas. Ces troupes se mirent en campagne, serrant de près Amilcar, tout en évitant les terrains plats, où elles auraient eu affaire aux cavaliers de Naravas et aux éléphants. Elles n’étaient nullement inférieures à leurs adversaires pour la vigueur dès attaques. Elles n’en subissaient pas moins de fréquents échecs, par la faute de ceux qui les commandaient, tacticiens inexpérimentés et incapables de se mesurer avec un général d’une habileté consommée. Tantôt Barca massacrait des détachements qu’il avait su isoler et envelopper; tantôt il attirait le gros des forces ennemies dans des embuscades, ou bien il fondait sur elles, soit de jour, soit de nuit. Ceux qu’il prenait, il les jetait aux éléphants. Enfin, par d’adroites manœuvres, il occupa des positions si avantageuses qu’il cerna toute l’armée des mercenaires. Comme les fossés et les retranchements dont il les entoura les empêchaient de fuir et qu’ils n’osaient pas risquer la bataille, ils épuisèrent leurs vivres et durent se nourrir de chair humaine. Après les crimes qu’ils avaient commis, ils ne pensaient pas à se rendre ; d’ailleurs, leurs chefs leur annonçaient qu’on allait venir de Tunis pour les délivrer et cet espoir les soutenait. Lorsqu’ils eurent mangé les prisonniers, puis les esclaves, sans voir arriver les secours attendus, ils menacèrent ces chefs qui les avaient trompés et qu’ils rendaient responsables de leurs souffrances: Autarite, Zarzas et Spendios se résignèrent à essayer de traiter avec Amilcar. Ils obtinrent une entrevue et allèrent au camp punique, accompagnés de sept autres capitaines. Amilcar leur imposa ces conditions « Les Carthaginois prendront parmi les ennemis dix hommes à leur choix. Quant aux autres, ils pourront se retirer, en ne gardant qu’une tunique ». Le pacte conclu, Barca déclara qu’il choisissait les dix députés présents. Ce fut ainsi que les principaux rebelles tombèrent en son pouvoir. A la nouvelle qu’ils étaient arrêtés, leurs soldats, qui ignoraient les termes de la capitulation, crurent à une trahison et coururent aux armes. Mais Amilcar les enveloppa et, avec l’aide de ses éléphants, les fit tous périr, au nombre de 40 000, dit Polybe. Cela se passa, ajoute-t-il, « au lieu que l’on appelle la Scie, parce qu’il offre en effet l’aspect de cet instrument ». Il s’agit de crêtes dentelées : le nom fait penser à celui de Sierra (scie), donné par les Espagnols à des chaînes de montagnes. La campagne des deux armées durait depuis quelque temps, puisque les mercenaires avaient été déjà plusieurs fois battus ; cependant on peut supposer que la Scie n’était pas trop éloignée de Tunis, d’où ils attendaient des secours. Le lieu devait, comme le remarque Tissot, « offrir l’aspect d’une sorte de cirque, plus ou moins ouvert sur quelques points de sa circonférence, mais facile à entourer et à fermer ». L’espace dans lequel les révoltés se laissèrent cerner était peu accidenté, puisque, lors de la bataille, Amilcar se servit efficacement de ses éléphants. Ces indications ne paraissent pas suffisantes pour identifier la Scie d’une manière certaine. Selon Tissot, le théâtre de l’exploit d’Amilcar aurait été un cirque, entouré de collines aux arêtes dentelées, qui se trouve au Sud-Ouest de Zaghouane et au Nord-Ouest de Kairouan, à droite de l’oued Nebaane, près d’Aïn es Sif. M. Veith rejette l’hy-pothèse de son devancier et propose une solution qu’il juge définitive. A environ 16 kilomètres à l’Ouest d’Hammamet, sur une piste reliant cette ville à Zaghouane, on rencontre une ligne de crêtes, présentant des arêtes en forme de dents de scie (djebel el Jedidi, djebel Menzel Moussa). Elle borde au Sud un petit bassin triangulaire, qu’enserrent d’autres hauteurs, abruptes à l’Ouest, plus accessibles à l’Est ; quatre passages, qui y débouchent sont faciles à garder. Le site répond, comme le montre M. Veith, aux très maigres données du problème. Reste à savoir si, en cherchant ailleurs, on n’en trouverait pas d’autres qui y répondraient aussi. Les crêtes dentelées, calcaires ou schisteuses, ne sont pas rares dans les régions plissées de l’Afrique du Nord. Après cette victoire, Amilcar, Hannibal et Naravas purent en toute sécurité parcourir le territoire punique ; ils reçurent la soumission de beaucoup de Libyens et se rendirent maîtres d’une multitude de « villes ». Puis ils marchèrent sur Tunis, pour y assiéger l’armée de Mathos. Hannibal s’établit du côté de Carthage, Amilcar, du côté opposé. Spendios et les autres prisonniers furent conduits en face des remparts et mis en croix, à la vue de leurs compagnons d’armes. Sur ces entrefaites, Mathos, ayant remarqué qu’Hannibal, par excès de confiance, négligeait de se garder, attaqua soudain son camp, tua un grand nombre de ses soldats, chassa le reste, s’empara de tous les bagages. Il prit même le général et le fit amener aussitôt à la croix de Spendios, dont le corps fut détaché. On tortura cruellement Hannibal et on le suspendit, encore vivant, à ce bois ; trente des plus nobles Carthaginois furent immolés autour du cadavre de l’esclave campanien. Les deux camps puniques étant éloignés l’un de l’autre, Amilcar apprit tardivement la sortie de Mathos et, quand il en fut informé, il ne put aller au secours des troupes de son collègue, à cause de la configuration des lieux. Il leva le siège de Tunis et se rendit à l’embouchure du Bagrada, où il campa. A Carthage, on rassembla tous les hommes capables de combattre qui n’étaient pas encore sous les armes et on les envoya à Barca. En même temps, partit une députation de trente membres du Conseil ou du Sénat, accompagnée d’Hannon. Elle était chargée d’employer tous les moyens possibles pour réconcilier les deux généraux. Amilcar et Hannon, réunis dans une conférence, durent se rendre aux pressantes exhortations qu’on leur adressa. Ils agirent désormais en plein accord. Vaincu dans diverses rencontres, dont plusieurs eurent lieu non loin de Leptis, Mathos résolut de livrer une bataille décisive. Les Carthaginois la désiraient autant que lui. Les adversaires convoquèrent tous leurs alliés et appelèrent les garnisons des villes dont ils étaient les maîtres. Quand ils furent prêts, ils prirent simultanément l’offensive. Les Libyens eurent le dessous. La plupart d’entre eux furent tués; les autres, qui s’étaient réfugiés dans une ville, se rendirent peu de temps après. Mathos fut pris vivant. Tous les sujets de Carthage qui s’étaient détachés d’elle se soumirent. Mais Bizerte et Utique, n’espérant ni pitié, ni pardon, persistèrent dans leur révolte. Hannon et Amilcar vinrent l’un devant Bizerte, l’autre devant Utique, et les forcèrent vite à capituler. Les conditions qu’on leur imposa ne semblent pas avoir été trop dures.
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