Notes on Finnish .

R. Tuomikoski.

Botanical Institute, Helsinki University.

I. Remarks on our representatives of the genus ( ).

The genus Leccinum S. F. Gray em. Snell Rostk.) or as a subspecies (Leccinum scabrurn (Krombho!zia Karst., Trachypus Bat., Kromb­ ssp. niveum (Fr.) Sing.) . So far as I am awar e, ho!zie!la Maire) is known as a polymorphous it shows the same color reactions ·as the common and notoriously difficult group. Our Leccinums forms with brownish cap: the flesh of the cap have usually been treated traditionally, :l'ollow­ remains unchanged or takes only a faint rufous ing Karsten (1876, 1889), as two species call­ tint when exposed to the air, and turns pale ed scaber and B. versipenis (or rufus). greyish-blue with FeS04; in old specimens This grouping of the forms is (with the except­ parts of the flesh are usually greyish-green, and ion of. the characteristic species L. duriusculum become brownish blood-red with KOH. The sensu Sing.), in fact, quite natural, but it lumps white form is apparently widely disributed in a number of interesting types together. A more the Finnish area and quite common on suitable detailed study of the genus in Finland has seem- habitats, such as bogs, bog margins, boggy a nd ed desirable. The follow ing remarks on the swampy woodlands, etc. All I can say concern- Finnish Leccinums do not pretend to be more ing its t axonomic status, is that it seems not to than a first step in this direction, being based be a mere habitat form produced by differences on somewhat superficial studies without detailed in external conditions but probably genotypic­ microscopical and chemical analysis. The ally distinct from the commoner forms with a nomenclature followed is that of Singer (1947, brownish cap, judged from the fact that it often 1951). grows side by side with these on seemingly identical habitats. 1. Leccinum duriusculum (Schulz. in Fr. sen­ There is a scabrum type which seems to be su Sing.) Sing. more distinct than the white one. It has a grey, Syn.: Boletus pseudoscaber Kallenb., non fuscous or blackish pileus (often with lighter Seer., B. nigrescens Huber, non Rich. & Roze, B. Carpini (R. Schulz) Pears., B. rugosus Fr. coloured dots or stripes in places which have sensu Pilat, etc. long been covered by fallen leaves, grass, etc.) Apparently rare and southern, found only and blackish or grey scales on the stem, some­ quite recently in two localities in southernmost times arranged in rows forming an indistinct Finland, in both places in the vicinity of Cory­ elongated network. The flesh of the cap is per­ lus, Quercus, and Betula (presumably dependent haps somewhat firmer than in the other forms of of Corylus) : - V. Bromarv, Framnas, Sept. 6th L. scabrum, and does not in old specimens show 1952 (R.T.). - U. Espoo, Bodom, Aug. 11th 1952 any marked tendency to turn greyish-green nor (R.T.) . to become tinged blood red when tested with KOH. What makes this type of special interest 2. Leccinum scabrum (Fr.) S . F. Gray. is · the colour change of its flesh which, in not Syn.: Boletus scaber Fr., Krombholzia scabra (Fr.) Karst., Boletu s leucoph.aeus Pers. according too old specimens, becomes distinctly pink to some (French) authors, Trachypus !euco­ (bluish with FeS04), except at the base of the phaeus (Pers.) Favre, etc. stem where it often changes to green or bluish­ The collective Leccinum scabrum is very com­ green (which colour turns bright yellow with mon under (Betula) throughout the KOH). Damaged (slug-eaten, etc.) parts of the country. It shows a wide range of' variation in stem base usually show the blue-green colour. cap colour from almost white to blackish-grey. In old specimens the colour changes are not The whitish form, called Krombholzia scabra so marked as in young ones, and such specimens var. nivea by K a r s t e n , is nowadays often are not always easy to distinguish from more treated as a separate species (Boletus holopus typical forms of L . scabrum. In dried specimens

26 the discoloration has disappeared, and the flesh where within our area in the vicinity of birches is greyish-white (not brownish-white as in (Betula). I have observed it in numerous local­ typical scabrum). ities from the south coast to northernmost Finn­ This variety is not unlike some forms of Bo­ ish Lapland (Inari, Utsjoki, Enontekio) and to letus pseudoscaber as depicted by K a 11 en­ Finmarken in northernmost Norway. According b a c h (1935), i.e. Leccinum duriusculum sen­ to the literature it is a circumpolar species with su Singer, but it differs in the cuticle of the cap, a range extending to the Arctic tundra, and which is of the same type as in other forms of seems to be on the whole more northern than the collective L. scabrum (only differently co­ L. aurantiacum. I have seen it in some places loured) and thus without sphaerocysts, and also in Newfoundland. in the flesh which does not blacken. Krombhol­ L. testaceoscabrum is not very variable in zia scabra var. coloratipes Sing. is described by Finland. Wholly white forms probably belong­ its author as having light coloured scales on the ing to this species are occasionally observed, and stem and the stem becoming dotted with yellow it is not quite clear whether the forms with or blue; no mention is made of the blackish-grey brown cap and black scales on the stem (see colours so characteristic of our variety. In an under L. aurantiacum, p. 28) really belong to earlier paper (1950) I referred to this variety as L. aurantiacum or rather to L. testaceoscabrum. " Boletus sp.", assuming that it will probably prove to deserve recognition as a special taxo­ 4. Leccinum aurantiacum (Roqu.) S. F. Gray. nomical entity more than the other scabrum L. aur.antiacum differs from the last mention­ forms. With some hesitation I now try to iden­ ed species e.g. in colour, the cap being usually tify it with Singe r' s (1942, p. 36) Krombholzia more orange or reddish, and the young pores scabra var. roseofracta, admitting that the relat­ being whitish or creamy. The species occurs ion with other types, especially Leccinum oxy­ here in at least three colour races which appear dabile (Sing.) Sing., is still obscure to me. remarkably constant. Leccinum scabrum var. roseofractum is not a) "The white - stem me d form". Stem, rare, at least not in the southern half of Finland including the scabrosities, white, these becoming where it is found under birches on the same rufous in old specimens, cap lighter coloured habitats as the "typical" L. scabrum and the than in the other varieties. This race seems to variety niveum, especially in boggy forest land be common in the southern half of the country, among Sphagnum. S i n g e r has collected his where it has been observed in several localities, var. roseof?·actum near our area in the Lenin­ apparently exclusively in the vicinity of' aspens grad district of USSR growing "in sphagnusen (Populus tremula). Waldschneisen", and says of it: "Falls konstant, b) "The brown - s c a 1 e d form". Sca­ eine besondere Subspecies". I have repeatedly brosities of the stem almost from the start dark seen it growing together with the brown and reddish brown, cape of the same colour. Not white forms of L. scabrum and, as it seems, al­ rare, at least not in the southern parts of Fin­ ways distinct from these. It apparently also- oc­ land, mostly, if not always, together with aspen curs elsewhere within the area of L. scabrum. (Populus tremula). c) "The b 1 a c k- s c a 1 e d form". Scales 3. Leccinum testaceo-scabrum (Seer.) Sing. of the stem greyish-white in quite young spe­ Syn.: Boletus rufescens (Seer.) Konr., etc. cimens only, soon turning darker grey to black The collective "Boletus versipellis" is anything in exposed parts of the stem (the whitish-grey but homogenous, and its division into two spe­ colour remains long visible in the more protect­ cies is wholly justified and commonly accepted. ed parts, especially in the extreme base and The commonest of the two in Finland is Lecci­ tip), cap dark red. Occurs in the whole country num testaceoscabrum, better known as Boletus in heathy or mossy pine (and spruce?) woods, 1·utescens or Krombholzia rufescens. It differs also where birches, aspens, and all other decid­ from the other species (L. aurantiacum), both in uous trees are totally absent. The is of the more yellow colours of the cap, beautifully the size and stature of L. testaceoscabrum, and contrasting w ith the colour of the stem which the scales of the stem are greyish-black in old has, even in young specimens, black scales on specimens, much as in that species. The pores white ground, and! also by the dingy olive grey in young specimens are, however, not dull olive pores in the young carpophores. as in L . testaceoscabrum, but creamy-whitish or L. testaceoscabrum is ve-ry common every- pallid as in L . aurantiacum. The darker, more

27 reddish colour of the cap, which is due to a and blackish scales on the stem), but with the bright pigment in the hyphae of the cuticle, flesh changing colour as in the group "versipel­ points definitely to L. aurantiacum and not to lis". These forms are not unlike the ones called L. testaceoscabrum. Boletus duriusculus by some authors (not Sin· This pine wood aurantiacum I have found g e r). My experience of these types is too frag­ mostly in North Finland, viz. in 2 localities in mentary to allow more than this mention of the Rovaniemi (PP), 4 in Kuusamo (Ks), and 1 in matter. Inari (InL), and in only 2 localities in South .Finland, viz. 1 near Helsinki (U) and 2 in Sip­ Literature consulted: pola (EK). Some observations of Dr. P . K a 1- G i 1 b e r t, E. J., 1931: Les Bolets. - Paris. 1 i o, Dr P . M i k o 1 a, and others, seem to indi­ Herin k , J., 1952: Kfemenace, cervene druhy ·cate that it is not uncommon on suitable habitats kozaku (Krombholzia). - Ceska Mykolo­ in South Finland also. Dr. K a 11 i o sent me gie 6, 1-11. a colour photo of what is apparently same fun­ Kern, H ., 1945: Die Rohrlinge, Boletaceae. - gus found in the neighbourhood of Turku (V). Olten. Also he had been struck by differences between K a 11 en bach, F ., 1935: Die Pilze Mitteleuro­ this type and both L. testaceoscabrum and the pas. I. Die Rohrlinge (Boletaceae), Lief. 15 u. 16. - Leipzig . .ordinary forms of L. aurantiacum, and by the Karsten, P . A., 1876: Mycologia Fennica. III. absence of birches and aspens in the vicinity. Basidiomycetes. - Bidr. t. Kanned. af Dr M i k o 1 a tells me that he has observed a Fin!. Natur och Folk 25. similar fungus in pine woods in Tuusula (U). -,- 1889: Kritisk ofversigt af Finlands basid­ 'This race thus seems to occur throughout the svampar. - Ibid. 48. country, ranging as far north as do the pine Pearson, A., 1946: Notes on the Boleti, with Short Monograph and Key. - The woods. The ground vegetation in some of its Naturalist 1946, 85-99. habitats in North Finland consists of lichens Singer, R., 1938 a : uber Larchen-, Zirben­ (Clad ina spp., Opisteria arctica, etc.), mosses und Birkenrohrlinge. - Schweiz. Zeitschr. (Pleurozium Schreberi, Dicranum tuscescens, f. Pilzkunde 16, 123-126, 134-137 u. 148 -150. D. undulatum, D. Bergeri) , Vaccinium myrti!­ -,- 1938 b: Notes sur quelques Basidiomyce- lus, V. vitis-idaea, Empetrum herrnaphroditum, tes, IVe serie. - Rev. de Mycologie 3, Ledum palustre, etc. This aurantiacum gives the 187-199. impression of a constant type (mycoecotype ac­ -,- 1942: Das System der Agaricales, II. Ann. Mycol. 40, 1-132. ·cording to Singer's terminology), analog­ -,- 1947: The Boletineae of Florida with Notes ous to the ssp. pinicola of . The on Extralimital species, III. - Amer. Mid­ two other colour races of L. aur antiacurn have land N-aturalist 37: 1, 1- 135. not thus far been observed in North Finland. -,- 1951: The "Agaricales" () in Modern . - Lilloa 22. With these three types the variability of Lec­ S n e 11, W. H., 1934: Notes on Boletes. III. cinum aurantiacum is by no means exhausted. Mycologia 26, 348-359. In some places in South Finland one finds forms Tuomi k o ski: R., 1950: Meikalaisista Kromb­ holzia-alasuvun tateista. - Luonnon Tut­ coloured like L. scabrum (with brownish cap, kija 54, 115-120.

II. Cone-dwelling agarics.

Two species of agarics growing on old fallen Lunde 11 1937, p. 187-189, K ii h n e r 1938. 'Conifer cones were known to Karsten (1889, p. 461-463. ·p. 102-103) from Finland, viz. Marasmius coni­ strobi!icola has been found by me in -genus (Collybia conigena.) and M . esculentus two localities in South Finland: - V. Vihti, Moksi­ (Co!!ybia esculenta). To these I can add three jarvi, May 15th 1952. - U . Espoo, Bodom, April species: one Mycena and two segregates of the 27th 1952. The species grows on the ground in .collective "Marasmius esculentus". woods, emerging from old spruce cones. In both places it was found together with Pseudohia­ I. Mycena strobilicola Favre & Kuhner. tula tenacella, the two species on separate cones. Syn. (sec. Singer 1951, p. 361): Mycena On April 27th the ground was still moistened vernalis Lundell, non Velen. - Mycena majalis Lundell in Lund. & Nannf. by water from nearby patches of melting snow.

28 On May 15th the carpophores were already hiemem usque persistens", and (1854, p . 21): overripe. "in silvis, praecipue pinetis', raro frondosis, au­ L u n de 11 (l.c., as M. vernalis) enumerates tumno seriori ubique vulg-atus, saepe in ver per­ several localities from the surroundings of Up­ sistens". sala and Stockholm in Sweden. As he points out, Pseudohiatula tenace!la is perhaps common in the agarics occurring early in spring are consid­ most of the Finnish area, though specimens erably neglected by mycologists, hence M. strobi­ exist only from the following localities in South licola will probably prove to be rather common Finland: - Vihti (R.T.). -U. Espoo

29· ·Sippola (R. T.). - St. Rauma (P. A. Karsten) . and there from southernmost Finland north to Kokemaki (R. T.). - EP. Vaasa (P. A.. Karsten). Vaasa CEP). 1t is poorly represented in our her­ - PS. Kuopio (0. Liinnbohm) . - PK. Pielis­ bariums; I know it only from the following local­ jarvi (R. T.) . - InL. Ivalo (C. Cedercreutz) . ities: - V. Turku CR. T.) . -U . Espoo (R. T.) . Helsinki (R.T.). - EK. Viipuri (A. Thesleff) . Pseudohiatula Favrei nom. nov. - St. Tyrvaa (P. A. Karsten) . - EH. Tammela Syn.: Agaricus tenacellus Schriiter (sec. (P. A. Karsten). Lop pi CR. T.). - KP. Pietar­ "Favre), non Fr. - Marasmius tenacellus (Fr., saari (P. A. Karsten). sensu Schriit.) Favre. - Pseudohiatul.a tenacella It is impossible to decide what the Marasmius ·(Fr., sensu Schriit., Favre) Metrod. Favre 1939, p. 166-168. myosurus from Turku, referred to by Karsten (1889, p. 102) , may have been, since there are Distinguished from the two other species by no specimens of it in his herbarium. According its narrower, thin-walled, acute cystidia, narrow­ to the specimen (collected in coniferous wood er, slightly curved spores, bitterish taste, and at Liimatta near Viipuri, Nov. 1st, 1892) The s- often more greyish coloured pileus. 1 e f f ' s (1920, p. 42) Co!lybia myosurus is Pseu­ The species grows on old buried pine-cones. dohiatula tenacella. Favre records it (l.c., as Marasmius ten.acel­ lus) from March 20th to May lOth. In Finland, L i t e r a t u r e. it is observed from June 7th to July 2nd, and F a v r e, J., 1939: Les champignons collybioides once as late as Aug. 11th. des cones des essences resmeuses. - Schweiz. Zeitschr. f. Pilzkunde 17, 162- For reasons indicated above under P . tena­ 163, 176-182. cella this species can hardly be the Agaricus te­ F r i e s, E ., 1821: Systema Mycologicum. I. - nacellus of F r i e s which, according to him, oc­ Lundae. ·curs also in late autumn and in winter. - ,- 1836-1938: Epicrisis systematis mycologici Pseudohiatula Favrei seems to be rarer and seu Synopsis hymenomy cetum. - Upsa­ liae. less abundant in Finland than the two other -,- 1854: Monographia Collybiarum Sueciae. species of the genus, and is known only from - Upsaliae. the following localities: - U. Tvarminne (R.T.). Karsten, P. A., 1876: Mycologia Fennica. III. Espoo (R.T.) . Helsinki (R.T.). Porvoo (W. Ny­ Basidiomycetes. - Bidr. t. Kanned. af berg). - St. Kokemaki CR . T.). - PS. Kuopio Finl. Natur och Folk 25. - ,- 1879: Rysslands, Finlands och den Skandi­ (0. Liinnbohm) . naviska Halfiins hattsvampar. Fiirra delen: Skifsvampar. - Ibid. 32. Baeospora myosura CFr.) Sing. -,- 1889: Kritisk iifversigt af Finlands Basid­ svampar. - Ibid. 48. This is the Agaricus conigenus of F r i e s, or Konrad, P . & A. M au b 1 an c, 1948: Les Aga­ Collybia conigena (Marasmius conigenus) of ricales. Agaricaceae. - Encyclopedic My­ Karsten, J . Lange, and others. It is easily cologique 14. - Paris. separated from the Pseudohiatula species by its Lange, J ., 1936: Flora Agaricina Danica. - minute amyloid spores, totally different epicutis Copenhagen. of the cap (not hymeniform, as in Pseudohia­ Lange, M., 1948: The Agarics of Maglemose. tula, but consisting of repent hyphae) , smaller - Dansk Bot. Ark. 13: 1. and not crested cystidia that are more concent­ Lunde 11, S., 1937: Three undescribed vernal rated at the edges of the lamellae, etc. It grows agarics. - Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 31, 186- 195. on pin€! and spruce cones in autumn, according M a 1m s t r ii m , N., 1933: Senhostens hattsvam­ to Karsten (1879, p. 151, as Collybia conige­ par i frost och blida. - Memor. Soc. na) from August to November. Thesleff (1920, p. F . Fl. Fenn. 9, 69-91. 42, as Collybia conigena) mentions finding it Metro d, G ., 1952: Les Collybies. - Rev. de Mycol. 17, 60-93. from Aug. 5th to Nov. 1st. Our herbarium dates Moser, M., 1950: Neue Pilzfunde. a us Tirol. - are from Aug. 15th to Nov. 24th. In Denmark, Sydowia 4, 84-123. M . Lange (1948) Tab. II, as Collybia conige­ Ricke n, A., 1915: Die Blatterpilze. - Leipzig. na observed the species at Maglemose from Singer, R., 1940: Notes sur quelques Basidio­ mycetes,. VI:e serie. - Rev. de. Mycol. 5, September to December, and Favre (l.c.) 3-13. mentions it occurring in the region of Geneva -,- 1951: The "Agaricales" (Mushrooms) in in Switzerland from Nov. 15th to Febr. 15th. Modern Taxonomy. - Lilloa 22. According to K a r s t e n (1889, p. 102, as T h e s 1 e f f, A., 1920: Studier ofver basidsvamp­ floran i sydostra Finland. - Bidr. t. Kan­ Marasmius conigenus) the species occurs here ned. af Finl. Natur och Folk. 79: 1.

30 III. aeruginosa and Stropharia cyanea.

Already some pre-friesian authors, Bolton, towards the edge, and often with brownish spots Schum ache r. and Micheli u s (according in the centre, bluish-green, becoming more or to Fries 1821, p. 287), and then some contem­ less yellow with age. Stem in the apical part poraries of Fries, such as Secret an (1833) glaucous blue, below the annulus •yellowish­ and Krombholz (1843), described two or more green, or, especially at the base, greenish-yell­ species of what is nowadays usually called Stro­ ow, clad with distinct yellowish-white squamu­ pharia aeTuginosa. F r i e s, however, did not see les; annulus well developed, persistent, mem­ any constant differences between these species branaceous, spreading to reflexed, glaucous be­ ("limites reperio nullos", F r i e s 1836-1838, p. neath. Gills broad, becoming blackish-brown 219; see also F r i e s 1857, p. 411), and accord­ from the spores with age, with a distinct hetero­ ingly united them into one polymorphic species. morphous edge of broadly clavate cells which Most of the subsequent authors have but follow­ is clearly visible in dried samples as a lighter ed him in his treatment of the complex. coloured border. Spores 7.4-8.8X 4-5 ·" Smell In Finland, two distinct types of "Stropharia faint, but distinct, taste somewhat alkaline. So­ aeruginosa" occur. The differences between litary' to subgregarious in woods. them seem definitely too numerous, too great, The following illustrations seem to refer to and too constant to allow treatment of them as the "typical" S . aeruginosa: - Flora Dan i­ mere varieties or even subspecies of one Rpecies. c a, f·asc. 23 (1808) (Agaricus aeruginosus) . - I have not seen any true intermediate forms Nee s von E sen be c k 1818, tab. 24, fig. 196 connecting them, but of course there may be (Agaricus Prate Ha aeruginosa) . -! C o o k e independent segregates of the group elsewhere 1884-1886, Pl. 555/551 lower fig. (Strop haria w hich may simulate intermediate forms. aeruginosa) . -! Ricke n 1915, Taf. 63, fig. 4 The one, a silvicole species with more green­ ( Str. aeruginosa). ish colours, heteromorphous gill edge, and well S. aeruginosa is apparently common in woods, developed annulus, I call Stropharia aeruginosa, f.ex. in mossy spruce woods at least in the sou­ and the other, a rudericole species with more thern half of Finland. I have seen it from foll­ bluish colouring, not distinctly bordered lamellae, owing! localities: - A. Eckeri:i, overby (C. Ce­ and spurious annulus, I call S. cyanea in accord­ dercreutz) . - V. Parainen, Ali:i (M. Laurila). ance with a.o. S e cretan and K rom b h o l z. Bromarv, Solbi:ile and Framnas (R.T.). - U. The nomenclature thus adopted is perhaps some­ Inkoo, Fagervik (E. Risinger). Espoo (R.T.). what provisory, and it is to be hoped that the Helsinki, common (R.T.). Porvoo (W. Nyberg). mycologists who are better pr ovided with ma­ - EK. Viipuri, Liimatta ( A. Thesleff) . - St. terial and with the classical mycological litera­ Huittinen (P. A. Karsten). - EH. Tammela, ture will finally settle, these problems. As to S . Mustiala (P. A. Karsten). Loppi (R. T .). - LK. cyanea I feel on more solid ground, but which Sortavala (R. T.). species is the "true" S. aeTuginosa, is not quite clear. The fact that Fries (1857, p. 411) appar­ Stropharia cyanea (Bolt. ex Seer.) n . comb? ently considered the silvicole species, as the Agaricus cyaneus Bolt ex. Seer. 1833, p. 108. "best developed", to be the typical S. aeruginosa, Cap 4-6 em broad, campanulate, almost with- is not decisive, since he did so merely on "typo­ out white squamules, not spotted, surface less logical" grounds, and not. on the base of nomen­ glutinous than in S . aeruginosa, glaucous blue1, clatorial priority. It is possibly that the true S. with porcelain green centre, becoming some­ will prove to be· a third species, at aeruginosa what mustard yellow (centre often darker, to­ present unknown to me. - The more white co­ wards edge more greenish) with age. Stem 4-8 loured S. aLbanitens with its well developed an­ em long, about 5 mm thick, in the apical part nulus, distinctly bordered gills, rather strong bluish to bluish-white, below the annulus at smell ("of cauliflower"), and disagreeable ("al­ least in young specimens glaucous blue (not kaline") taste, is a nearer relative of my S. aeru­ green or yellow) and clad with rather feeble ginosa than of S. cyanea. glaucous white squamules. Annulus poorly de­ Stropharia aeruginosa (Curt. ex Fr.) Quel., veloped, incomplete, erect patent, split in fringes, s. str. Young cap covered with thick slimy coating, t The colours of S. cyanea are given according umbonate, with whitish squamules especially to M a e r z & P a u l 1950.

31 often absent. Gills light brownish, not turning Literature. very dark with age, without a distinct, lighter B res ado l a, J., 1931: Iconographia Mycolo­ coloured, sterile edge; cheilocystids ventricose, gica. XVII. - Mediolani. broadly fusiform to somewhat bottle-shaped, Cooke, M. C., 1884-1886: Illustrations of Brit­ not clavate. Spores 8-10x4.4-5.6 !' . No marked ish Fungi. IV. - London. smell or taste. Subcaespitose to densely cluster­ F 1 o r a D an i c a, fasc. 21 (1799), tab. 1248, fig. ed, in gardens, composts, etc. Hafniae. The following illustrations seem to depict S . Fries, E., 1821 : Systema Mycologicum. I. - cyanea rather than S. aeruginosa s. str.: - Lundae. ? F 1 or a Danica, fasc. 21 (1799), tab. 1248, fig. - , - 1836-1838: Epicrisis Systematis Mycologi­ seu Synopsis Hymenomycetum. - Upsa­ 2 (Agaricus politus). - ! Krombho1z 1843, liae. Taf. 62, Bild 11-12 (A. cyaneus) . - ! G i 11 e t - , - 1857: Monographia Hymenomycetum Sue­ 1878, tab. nr. ? (Stropharia aeruginosa) . - P a­ ciae I. - Upsaliae. to u i 11 a r d 1883-1886, nr. 231 [Agaricus Gillet, C. C., 1878: Les champignons qui crois­ (Strop haria) aeruginosus] . - ? B r e sa d o 1 a sent en France. - Paris. 1931, Tab. 835 (S. aeruginosa). - Lange 1939, K rom b h o 1 z, J . V., 1843 : Natutreue Abbi1- Tab. 140 A (S. aeruginosa). -? M au b 1 an c dungen und Beschreibungen der essbaren, schadlichen und verdachtigen Schwamme. 1939, Pl. 41, II (S. aeruginosa) . 8:es Heft. - Prag. S. cyanea is not uncommon in parks, gardens, Lange, J., 1939: Flora Agaricina Danica. IV. - manured pastures, composts, among rubbish­ Copenhagen. heaps, decaying straw, etc., often under Urtica M au blanc, A., 1939: Les champignons d e dioica, sometimes in dense compact clusters of France. - Paris. tens of carpophores. I know it from some locali­ Nee s von E sen be c k , C. G., 1817: Das Sys­ ties in the southern half of the country: - U. tem der Pilze und Schwamme. - Wiirtz­ burg. Espoo and Helsinki, common (N. Malmstrom, R. Pat o u ill a r d, N., 1883-1886: Tabulae ana!y­ T., etc.). - EK. Viipuri, Liimatta (A. Thesleff). ticae fungorum. - Paris. - EH. Tammela, Mustiala (P. A. Karsten) . Lop­ Ricke n, A., 1915: Die Blatterpilze. - Leipzig. pi, Sajaniemi (R.T.) . - ES. Kuopio (leg. ? ) . Secret an, L., 1833 : Mycographie Suisse.

32