Blowback, 9/11, and Cover-Ups, 1St Ed
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The Regime Change Consensus: Iraq in American Politics, 1990-2003
THE REGIME CHANGE CONSENSUS: IRAQ IN AMERICAN POLITICS, 1990-2003 Joseph Stieb A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History in the College of Arts and Sciences. Chapel Hill 2019 Approved by: Wayne Lee Michael Morgan Benjamin Waterhouse Daniel Bolger Hal Brands ©2019 Joseph David Stieb ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Joseph David Stieb: The Regime Change Consensus: Iraq in American Politics, 1990-2003 (Under the direction of Wayne Lee) This study examines the containment policy that the United States and its allies imposed on Iraq after the 1991 Gulf War and argues for a new understanding of why the United States invaded Iraq in 2003. At the core of this story is a political puzzle: Why did a largely successful policy that mostly stripped Iraq of its unconventional weapons lose support in American politics to the point that the policy itself became less effective? I argue that, within intellectual and policymaking circles, a claim steadily emerged that the only solution to the Iraqi threat was regime change and democratization. While this “regime change consensus” was not part of the original containment policy, a cohort of intellectuals and policymakers assembled political support for the idea that Saddam’s personality and the totalitarian nature of the Baathist regime made Iraq uniquely immune to “management” strategies like containment. The entrenchment of this consensus before 9/11 helps explain why so many politicians, policymakers, and intellectuals rejected containment after 9/11 and embraced regime change and invasion. -
Introduction
NOTES Introduction 1. Robert Kagan to George Packer. Cited in Packer’s The Assassin’s Gate: America In Iraq (Faber and Faber, London, 2006): 38. 2. Stefan Halper and Jonathan Clarke, America Alone: The Neoconservatives and the Global Order (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2004): 9. 3. Critiques of the war on terror and its origins include Gary Dorrien, Imperial Designs: Neoconservatism and the New Pax Americana (Routledge, New York and London, 2004); Francis Fukuyama, After the Neocons: America At the Crossroads (Profile Books, London, 2006); Ira Chernus, Monsters to Destroy: The Neoconservative War on Terror and Sin (Paradigm Publishers, Boulder, CO and London, 2006); and Jacob Heilbrunn, They Knew They Were Right: The Rise of the Neocons (Doubleday, New York, 2008). 4. A report of the PNAC, Rebuilding America’s Defenses: Strategy, Forces and Resources for a New Century, September 2000: 76. URL: http:// www.newamericancentury.org/RebuildingAmericasDefenses.pdf (15 January 2009). 5. On the first generation on Cold War neoconservatives, which has been covered far more extensively than the second, see Gary Dorrien, The Neoconservative Mind: Politics, Culture and the War of Ideology (Temple University Press, Philadelphia, 1993); Peter Steinfels, The Neoconservatives: The Men Who Are Changing America’s Politics (Simon and Schuster, New York, 1979); Murray Friedman, The Neoconservative Revolution: Jewish Intellectuals and the Shaping of Public Policy (Cambridge University Press, New York, 2005); Murray Friedman ed. Commentary in American Life (Temple University Press, Philadelphia, 2005); Mark Gerson, The Neoconservative Vision: From the Cold War to the Culture Wars (Madison Books, Lanham MD; New York; Oxford, 1997); and Maria Ryan, “Neoconservative Intellectuals and the Limitations of Governing: The Reagan Administration and the Demise of the Cold War,” Comparative American Studies, Vol. -
Staff Statement No
Outline of the 9/11 Plot Staff Statement No. 16 Members of the Commission, your staff is prepared to report its preliminary findings regarding the conspiracy that produced the September 11 terrorist attacks against the United States. We remain ready to revise our understanding of this subject as our work continues. Dietrich Snell, Rajesh De, Hyon Kim, Michael Jacobson, John Tamm, Marco Cordero, John Roth, Douglas Greenburg, and Serena Wille did most of the investigative work reflected in this statement. We are fortunate to have had access to the fruits of a massive investigative effort by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and other law enforcement agencies, as well intelligence collection and analysis from the Central Intelligence Agency, the National Security Agency, the State Department, and the Department of Defense. Much of the account in this statement reflects assertions reportedly made by various 9/11 conspirators and captured al Qaeda members while under interrogation. We have sought to corroborate this material as much as possible. Some of this material has been inconsistent. We have had to make judgment calls based on the weight and credibility of the evidence. Our information on statements attributed to such individuals comes from written reporting; we have not had direct access to any of them. Plot Overview Origins of the 9/11 Attacks The idea for the September 11 attacks appears to have originated with a veteran jihadist named Khalid Sheikh Mohammed (KSM). A Kuwaiti from the Baluchistan region of Pakistan, KSM grew up in a religious family and claims to have joined the Muslim Brotherhood at the age of 16. -
Al-Qaeda: the Many Faces of an Islamist Extremist Threat
a al-Qaeda: The Many Faces of an Islamist Extremist Threat REPORT OF THE HOUSE PERMANENT SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE ISBN 0-16-076897-7 90000 9 780160 768972 al-QaedaTh e Many Faces of an Islamist Extremist Th reat REPORT OF THE HOUSE PERMANENT SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE JUNE 2006 109th Congress Union Calendar No. 355 2d Session Report 109-615 al-Qaeda: The Many Faces of an Islamist Extremist Threat ___________________ REPORT OF THE U.S. HOUSE PERMANENT SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE APPROVED: JUNE 2006 TOGETHER WITH ADDITIONAL AND MINORITY VIEWS SUBMITTED: SEPTEMBER 2006 Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.gpo.gov/congress/house http://intelligence.house.gov/ September 6, 2006.—Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union and ordered to be printed U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE Keeping America Informed I www.gpo.gov WASHINGTON : 2006 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Offi ce Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800 Fax: (202) 512-2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-0001 ISBN 0-16-076897-7 i PERMANENT SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES PETER HOEKSTRA, MICHIGAN, CHAIRMAN RAY LAHOOD, ILLINOIS JANE HARMAN, CALIFORNIA TERRY EVERETT, ALABAMA ALCEE L. HASTINGS, FLORIDA ELTON GALLEGLY, CALIFORNIA SILVESTRE REYES, TEXAS HEATHER WILSON, NEW MEXICO LEONARD L. BOSWELL, IOWA JO ANN DAVIS, VIRGINIA ROBERT E. (BUD) CRAMER, JR., ALABAMA MAC THORNBERRY, TEXAS ANNA G. ESHOO, CALIFORNIA JOHN M. MCHUGH, NEW YORK RUSH D. HOLT, NEW JERSEY TODD TIAHRT, KANSAS C. -
WSI China Security Vol.4 No.1 Winter 2008
30 Contents More Carrot Than Stick: Beijing’s Emerging Taiwan Policy 3 Chong-Pin Lin Peace Agreement: The Long Road Ahead 30 Huang Jiashu Wild Card: A Democratic Taiwan 42 Ted Galen Carpenter Peace or War: Taiwan at a Critical Juncture 61 Peng Guangqian Ensnared by Beijing: 70 Washington Succumbs to the PRC’s Diplomacy of Panic Alan Wachman Whither Taiwan-China Relations? 94 Arthur S. Ding Time for “New” Thinking on Taiwan 113 Wang Jianwei Change: Mainland’s Taiwan Policy 130 Chu Shulong & Guo Yuli How China “Wins” a Space War 137 Brian Weeden Projects of the World Security Institute China Program In addition to China Security, the World Security Institute China Program, in partnership with Chen Shi China Research Group, has a variety of on-going projects in our Beijing and Washington offices. The World Security Institute is a non-profit organization committed to independent research and journalism on global affairs. All of our projects attempt to increase the understanding of China in the United States and internationally and to deepen an international dialogue. hina-U.S. Dialogue on Space – is dedicated to strengthening security in space by fostering dialogue between Cthe two potential economic, political and military competitors in outer space. We enhance transparency and discussion on space between the two countries by educating the public and policymakers on each other's space programs and long-term policies. www.wsichina.org/space/ orning China news digest - is a twice-weekly news Mdigest that combines the most important and up-to-date, domestic Chinese news via email. The project aims to improve the understanding of China amongst international policy practitioners and the public by increasing the accessibility of Chinese news. -
65 Question History Test. See If You Can Get 100%
65 QUESTION HISTORY TEST. SEE IF YOU CAN GET 100%. HERE’S THE TEST: 1. 1968 Bobby Kennedy was shot and killed by: a. Superman b. Jay Leno c. Long-haired pot head d. A Muslim male extremist between the ages of 17 and 40 suffering from pre-traumatic stress disorder. This murderer was a twenty-four year old Palestinian immigrant named Sirhan Sirhan. 2. In 1972 at the Munich Olympics, Israeli athletes were kidnapped and massacred by : a. Olga Corbett b. Sitting Bull c. Arnold Schwarzenegger d. Muslim male extremists between the ages of 17 and 40 unable to cope with the strain of competition between nation states in which they saw medals as signs of warlike domination 3. In November 1979, the US embassy in Tehran Iran was seized and taken over and 66 hostages are taken. This seizure was an outright attack on American Soil. The hostages were held for 444 days and were released on the day of President Reagan’s inauguration. The embassy was taken over by: a. Lost Norwegians interviewing candidates for kinetic Nobel Prizes, for potential future acts of valor they might commit b. Elvis c. A tour bus full of 80-year-old women d. Muslim male extremists between the ages of 17 and 40 strained by the invasion of infidels on their soil and unable to attend US universities on scholarship. One of the participants in the seizure of the embassy may have been Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, the current President of Iran who holds a Ph.D. in traffic and transport engineering from Tehran University of Science and Technology and was a 23-year old student at the time. -
THE RHETORICAL POWER of LAW CLERKS, 40 Sw
THE RHETORICAL POWER OF LAW CLERKS, 40 Sw. L. Rev. 473 40 Sw. L. Rev. 473 Southwestern Law Review 2011 Articles THE RHETORICAL POWER OF LAW CLERKS Parker B. Potter, Jr. a1 Copyright (c) 2011 Southwestern Law School; Parker B. Potter, Jr. I. Introduction “Many believe confession is good for the soul,” 1 so I confess: Bless me, Readers, 2 for I have sinned; the title of this article is a swerve. 3 While a plain-meaning construction of my title might suggest that my topic is the rhetorical power wielded by law clerks when they draft opinions for their judges, 4 my actual topic is not law clerks as masters of rhetoric but, rather, law clerks-- or the idea of law clerks--as rhetorical devices employed by federal judges in their opinions. That is, I examine opinions in which judges have used their understanding of the role of the law clerk to make a point about something else, outside chambers and relevant to the case at hand. *474 The purpose of this article is two-fold. My first goal is to showcase snappy judicial writing. 5 Commentators too numerous to enumerate have criticized judicial writing for being dry, lifeless, and formulaic. 6 While some attempts to counter that trend have drawn criticisms of their own, 7 there is something to be said for a well-turned phrase, an apt metaphor, or a pithy example. The law-clerk references I highlight in this article certainly fall at least somewhat outside the rather small box that holds most judicial writing. My second goal is to turn the rhetoric around, using law-clerk references not to shed light on the world outside chambers--as the writing judge surely intended--but rather, to piece together a composite view of the institution of law clerking. -
9/11 Report”), July 2, 2004, Pp
Final FM.1pp 7/17/04 5:25 PM Page i THE 9/11 COMMISSION REPORT Final FM.1pp 7/17/04 5:25 PM Page v CONTENTS List of Illustrations and Tables ix Member List xi Staff List xiii–xiv Preface xv 1. “WE HAVE SOME PLANES” 1 1.1 Inside the Four Flights 1 1.2 Improvising a Homeland Defense 14 1.3 National Crisis Management 35 2. THE FOUNDATION OF THE NEW TERRORISM 47 2.1 A Declaration of War 47 2.2 Bin Ladin’s Appeal in the Islamic World 48 2.3 The Rise of Bin Ladin and al Qaeda (1988–1992) 55 2.4 Building an Organization, Declaring War on the United States (1992–1996) 59 2.5 Al Qaeda’s Renewal in Afghanistan (1996–1998) 63 3. COUNTERTERRORISM EVOLVES 71 3.1 From the Old Terrorism to the New: The First World Trade Center Bombing 71 3.2 Adaptation—and Nonadaptation— ...in the Law Enforcement Community 73 3.3 . and in the Federal Aviation Administration 82 3.4 . and in the Intelligence Community 86 v Final FM.1pp 7/17/04 5:25 PM Page vi 3.5 . and in the State Department and the Defense Department 93 3.6 . and in the White House 98 3.7 . and in the Congress 102 4. RESPONSES TO AL QAEDA’S INITIAL ASSAULTS 108 4.1 Before the Bombings in Kenya and Tanzania 108 4.2 Crisis:August 1998 115 4.3 Diplomacy 121 4.4 Covert Action 126 4.5 Searching for Fresh Options 134 5. -
Terrorism. International
INTERNATIONAL LAW AND THE ‘WAR ON TERRORISM’: POST 9/11 RESPONSES BY THE UNITED STATES AND ASIA PACIFIC COUNTRIES 43 International Law and the ‘War on Terrorism’: Post 9/11 Responses by the United States and Asia Pacific Countries Stephen P Marks* Introduction Terrorism is not a new challenge to international order,1 although the influence of the United States has resulted in significant rethinking of the international law and politics of terrorism since the attacks on the US of 11 September 2001, which has had ramifications in all regions, including the Asia Pacific. An unresolved issue of international law is whether and to what extent those attacks have justified the claim that there is a ‘new paradigm’ in international law. The following pages will examine responses to terrorism under the traditional paradigm with particular reference to the Asia Pacific region, and under the so-called new paradigm proposed by the government of the United States in the context of its ‘war on terrorism.’ I. The International Law and Politics of Responses to Terrorism under the Traditional Paradigm Under international law, the phenomenon of terrorism has been defined in various treaties; the rules governing the use of force have been applied to regimes and * François-Xavier Bagnoud Professor of Health and Human Rights, Harvard University, and Visiting Professor, City University of Hong Kong. This article is based on a lecture given on 9 March 2006 at City University of Hong Kong in the Eminent Speakers Lecture Series. The research assistance of Mr Ronald Yu for the section on the Asia Pacific region is gratefully acknowledged. -
Standing in Judge Betty Fletcher's Court
Washington Law Review Volume 85 Number 1 A Tribute to the Honorable Betty Binns Fletcher 2-1-2010 All Rise! Standing in Judge Betty Fletcher's Court Thomas D. Rowe Jr. Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/wlr Part of the Courts Commons Recommended Citation Thomas D. Rowe Jr., Essay, All Rise! Standing in Judge Betty Fletcher's Court, 85 Wash. L. Rev. 19 (2010). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/wlr/vol85/iss1/4 This Essay is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Reviews and Journals at UW Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington Law Review by an authorized editor of UW Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Rowe DTPed (2).doc (Do Not Delete) 2/11/2010 2:15 PM Copyright © 2010 by Washington Law Review Association ALL RISE! STANDING IN JUDGE BETTY FLETCHER’S COURT Thomas D. Rowe, Jr.* Abstract : In this essay, based on a talk given at the Washington Law Review’s March 2009 symposium in honor of Senior Ninth Circuit Judge Betty Binns Fletcher and her three decades of service on that court, I selectively survey her opinions on justiciability issues: standing, ripeness, mootness, and political questions. A significant starting point for this survey is Professor Richard Pierce’s 1999 law review article, Is Standing Law or Politics? , arguing that many Supreme Court votes in standing cases generally, and appellate judges’ votes in environmental-standing cases specifically, can be explained better on the basis of politics than by reference to supposedly governing doctrine. -
Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 12/21/2011 12:08:07 PM U.S
Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 12/21/2011 12:08:07 PM OMB NO. 1124-0002; Expires February 28, 2014 u.s. Department of Justice Supplemental Statement Washington, DC 20530 Pursuant to the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended For Six Month Period Ending Nov 2011 (Insert date) I-REGISTRANT 1. (a) Name of Registrant (b) Registration No. Orion Strategies LLC 5437 (c) Business Address(es) of Registrant 918 Pennsylvania Ave SE Washington DC 20003 2. Has there been a change in the information previously furnished in connection with the following? (a) If an individual: (1) Residence address(es) Yes • No • (2) Citizenship Yes • No D (3) Occupation Yes • No D (b) If an organization: (1) Name Yes D No 0 (2) Ownership or control Yes • No H (3) Branch offices Yes • No 0 (c) Explain fully all changes, if any, indicated in Items (a) and (b) above. IF THE REGISTRANT IS AN INDIVIDUAL, OMIT RESPONSE TO ITEMS 3, 4, AND 5(a). 3. If you have previously filed Exhibit C1, state whether any changes therein have occurred during this 6 month reporting period. Yes • No D If yes, have you filed an amendment to the Exhibit C? Yes • No • If no, please attach the required amendment. 1 The Exhibit C, for which no printed form is provided, consists of a true copy of the charter, articles of incorporation, association, and by laws of a registrant that is an organization. (A waiver of the requirement to file an Exhibit C may be obtained for good cause upon written application to the Assistant Attorney General, National Security Division, U.S. -
Tracking Terrorist Financing by Michael E Gray
Ch F-X ang PD e w Click to buy NOW! w m o w c .d k. ocu-trac Tracking Terrorist Financing By Michael E Gray 1 Ch F-X ang PD e w Click to buy NOW! w m o w c .d k. ocu-trac Introduction As the war on terror has entered it seventh year, efforts to dismantle terrorist financial networks remains an essential part of the strategy. More than 140 millions dollars in terrorist assets have been frozen. Some 1,600 bank accounts have been seized world wide. Terrorist groups have become increasingly adapted to eluding detection through the use of cash, shell companies and money laundering operations. Charities donations and informal money transfer centers (hawals) are strongly embedded in the Islamic culture have made it extremely difficult in tracking down terrorist financial links. Another fact to be considered by law enforcement is that terrorist operations can be accomplished at a relatively low cost. A good example of this is the 2005 London train bombing cost $2,000, the 2004 Madrid mass transit bombing was $10,000-$15,000, the 2002 Bali nigh club bombing was $50,0001 and the 9/11 World Trade Center attack was $400,000-$500,0002 What methods are used to fiancé these operations? Charities. At once time they were the main source of operating capital along with donations from wealthy individuals according to the CFR 2002 Task Force Report. The 2004 report does state that Saudi Arabia has taken some steps to rectify this. In the Islamic culture there are numerous charities out there and we can not monitor all of them3.