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(2008): Perspectives on Terrorism
Table of Contents: Accounting For the Waves of International Terrorism ………….…...3 By Dipak K. Gupta Interpreting the PKK’s Signals in Europe…………………………...10 By Vera Eccarius-Kelly Review Essay: Top 50 Books on Terrorism and Counterterrorism…15 By Joshua Sinai PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISM Volume II, Issue 11 Accounting For the Waves of International Terrorism By Dipak K. Gupta “Without the pen of Pain, the swords of Washington would have been wielded in vain.” - John Adams dvancements in sciences come through painstaking observations. Scientists’ astute observations of the seemingly chaotic world pave the way for what is known as “knowledge creep.” Terrorism research is certainly no exception to this rule. One of David Rapoport’s singular contributions to A our advancement of knowledge has been his articulation of the four waves of international terror- ism. Rapoport (2006:10) defines waves with three characteristics: a) a cycle of activities characterized by ex- pansion and contraction phases, b) covering multiple nations, and c) “driven by a common predominant energy that shapes the participating groups’ characteristics and mutual relationships.” By studying the history of ter- rorism since the 1880s, Professor Rapoport identifies four distinct waves fueled by common ideological fervor emanating from anarchism, anti-colonialism, socialism, and religious fundamentalism, respectively, with the first three waves lasting roughly 40 years each. Although the “wave” theory has gained a firm footing in the extant literature on terrorism (Sageman 2008a), to my knowledge, not much effort has gone into the examination of the causes of, and the process by which mega ideas saturate nearly every corner of the earth. -
Staff Statement No
Outline of the 9/11 Plot Staff Statement No. 16 Members of the Commission, your staff is prepared to report its preliminary findings regarding the conspiracy that produced the September 11 terrorist attacks against the United States. We remain ready to revise our understanding of this subject as our work continues. Dietrich Snell, Rajesh De, Hyon Kim, Michael Jacobson, John Tamm, Marco Cordero, John Roth, Douglas Greenburg, and Serena Wille did most of the investigative work reflected in this statement. We are fortunate to have had access to the fruits of a massive investigative effort by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and other law enforcement agencies, as well intelligence collection and analysis from the Central Intelligence Agency, the National Security Agency, the State Department, and the Department of Defense. Much of the account in this statement reflects assertions reportedly made by various 9/11 conspirators and captured al Qaeda members while under interrogation. We have sought to corroborate this material as much as possible. Some of this material has been inconsistent. We have had to make judgment calls based on the weight and credibility of the evidence. Our information on statements attributed to such individuals comes from written reporting; we have not had direct access to any of them. Plot Overview Origins of the 9/11 Attacks The idea for the September 11 attacks appears to have originated with a veteran jihadist named Khalid Sheikh Mohammed (KSM). A Kuwaiti from the Baluchistan region of Pakistan, KSM grew up in a religious family and claims to have joined the Muslim Brotherhood at the age of 16. -
Al-Qaeda: the Many Faces of an Islamist Extremist Threat
a al-Qaeda: The Many Faces of an Islamist Extremist Threat REPORT OF THE HOUSE PERMANENT SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE ISBN 0-16-076897-7 90000 9 780160 768972 al-QaedaTh e Many Faces of an Islamist Extremist Th reat REPORT OF THE HOUSE PERMANENT SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE JUNE 2006 109th Congress Union Calendar No. 355 2d Session Report 109-615 al-Qaeda: The Many Faces of an Islamist Extremist Threat ___________________ REPORT OF THE U.S. HOUSE PERMANENT SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE APPROVED: JUNE 2006 TOGETHER WITH ADDITIONAL AND MINORITY VIEWS SUBMITTED: SEPTEMBER 2006 Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.gpo.gov/congress/house http://intelligence.house.gov/ September 6, 2006.—Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union and ordered to be printed U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE Keeping America Informed I www.gpo.gov WASHINGTON : 2006 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Offi ce Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800 Fax: (202) 512-2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-0001 ISBN 0-16-076897-7 i PERMANENT SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES PETER HOEKSTRA, MICHIGAN, CHAIRMAN RAY LAHOOD, ILLINOIS JANE HARMAN, CALIFORNIA TERRY EVERETT, ALABAMA ALCEE L. HASTINGS, FLORIDA ELTON GALLEGLY, CALIFORNIA SILVESTRE REYES, TEXAS HEATHER WILSON, NEW MEXICO LEONARD L. BOSWELL, IOWA JO ANN DAVIS, VIRGINIA ROBERT E. (BUD) CRAMER, JR., ALABAMA MAC THORNBERRY, TEXAS ANNA G. ESHOO, CALIFORNIA JOHN M. MCHUGH, NEW YORK RUSH D. HOLT, NEW JERSEY TODD TIAHRT, KANSAS C. -
Read the Full PDF
Safety, Liberty, and Islamist Terrorism American and European Approaches to Domestic Counterterrorism Gary J. Schmitt, Editor The AEI Press Publisher for the American Enterprise Institute WASHINGTON, D.C. Distributed to the Trade by National Book Network, 15200 NBN Way, Blue Ridge Summit, PA 17214. To order call toll free 1-800-462-6420 or 1-717-794-3800. For all other inquiries please contact the AEI Press, 1150 Seventeenth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036 or call 1-800-862-5801. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Schmitt, Gary James, 1952– Safety, liberty, and Islamist terrorism : American and European approaches to domestic counterterrorism / Gary J. Schmitt. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-8447-4333-2 (cloth) ISBN-10: 0-8447-4333-X (cloth) ISBN-13: 978-0-8447-4349-3 (pbk.) ISBN-10: 0-8447-4349-6 (pbk.) [etc.] 1. United States—Foreign relations—Europe. 2. Europe—Foreign relations— United States. 3. National security—International cooperation. 4. Security, International. I. Title. JZ1480.A54S38 2010 363.325'16094—dc22 2010018324 13 12 11 10 09 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Cover photographs: Double Decker Bus © Stockbyte/Getty Images; Freight Yard © Chris Jongkind/ Getty Images; Manhattan Skyline © Alessandro Busà/ Flickr/Getty Images; and New York, NY, September 13, 2001—The sun streams through the dust cloud over the wreckage of the World Trade Center. Photo © Andrea Booher/ FEMA Photo News © 2010 by the American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, Wash- ington, D.C. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be used or repro- duced in any manner whatsoever without permission in writing from the American Enterprise Institute except in the case of brief quotations embodied in news articles, critical articles, or reviews. -
9/11 Report”), July 2, 2004, Pp
Final FM.1pp 7/17/04 5:25 PM Page i THE 9/11 COMMISSION REPORT Final FM.1pp 7/17/04 5:25 PM Page v CONTENTS List of Illustrations and Tables ix Member List xi Staff List xiii–xiv Preface xv 1. “WE HAVE SOME PLANES” 1 1.1 Inside the Four Flights 1 1.2 Improvising a Homeland Defense 14 1.3 National Crisis Management 35 2. THE FOUNDATION OF THE NEW TERRORISM 47 2.1 A Declaration of War 47 2.2 Bin Ladin’s Appeal in the Islamic World 48 2.3 The Rise of Bin Ladin and al Qaeda (1988–1992) 55 2.4 Building an Organization, Declaring War on the United States (1992–1996) 59 2.5 Al Qaeda’s Renewal in Afghanistan (1996–1998) 63 3. COUNTERTERRORISM EVOLVES 71 3.1 From the Old Terrorism to the New: The First World Trade Center Bombing 71 3.2 Adaptation—and Nonadaptation— ...in the Law Enforcement Community 73 3.3 . and in the Federal Aviation Administration 82 3.4 . and in the Intelligence Community 86 v Final FM.1pp 7/17/04 5:25 PM Page vi 3.5 . and in the State Department and the Defense Department 93 3.6 . and in the White House 98 3.7 . and in the Congress 102 4. RESPONSES TO AL QAEDA’S INITIAL ASSAULTS 108 4.1 Before the Bombings in Kenya and Tanzania 108 4.2 Crisis:August 1998 115 4.3 Diplomacy 121 4.4 Covert Action 126 4.5 Searching for Fresh Options 134 5. -
Tracking Terrorist Financing by Michael E Gray
Ch F-X ang PD e w Click to buy NOW! w m o w c .d k. ocu-trac Tracking Terrorist Financing By Michael E Gray 1 Ch F-X ang PD e w Click to buy NOW! w m o w c .d k. ocu-trac Introduction As the war on terror has entered it seventh year, efforts to dismantle terrorist financial networks remains an essential part of the strategy. More than 140 millions dollars in terrorist assets have been frozen. Some 1,600 bank accounts have been seized world wide. Terrorist groups have become increasingly adapted to eluding detection through the use of cash, shell companies and money laundering operations. Charities donations and informal money transfer centers (hawals) are strongly embedded in the Islamic culture have made it extremely difficult in tracking down terrorist financial links. Another fact to be considered by law enforcement is that terrorist operations can be accomplished at a relatively low cost. A good example of this is the 2005 London train bombing cost $2,000, the 2004 Madrid mass transit bombing was $10,000-$15,000, the 2002 Bali nigh club bombing was $50,0001 and the 9/11 World Trade Center attack was $400,000-$500,0002 What methods are used to fiancé these operations? Charities. At once time they were the main source of operating capital along with donations from wealthy individuals according to the CFR 2002 Task Force Report. The 2004 report does state that Saudi Arabia has taken some steps to rectify this. In the Islamic culture there are numerous charities out there and we can not monitor all of them3. -
Countering Radicalization of Diaspora Communities in Canada
ARCHIVED - Archiving Content ARCHIVÉE - Contenu archivé Archived Content Contenu archivé Information identified as archived is provided for L’information dont il est indiqué qu’elle est archivée reference, research or recordkeeping purposes. It est fournie à des fins de référence, de recherche is not subject to the Government of Canada Web ou de tenue de documents. Elle n’est pas Standards and has not been altered or updated assujettie aux normes Web du gouvernement du since it was archived. Please contact us to request Canada et elle n’a pas été modifiée ou mise à jour a format other than those available. depuis son archivage. Pour obtenir cette information dans un autre format, veuillez communiquer avec nous. This document is archival in nature and is intended Le présent document a une valeur archivistique et for those who wish to consult archival documents fait partie des documents d’archives rendus made available from the collection of Public Safety disponibles par Sécurité publique Canada à ceux Canada. qui souhaitent consulter ces documents issus de sa collection. Some of these documents are available in only one official language. Translation, to be provided Certains de ces documents ne sont disponibles by Public Safety Canada, is available upon que dans une langue officielle. Sécurité publique request. Canada fournira une traduction sur demande. Working Paper Series No. 11-12 September 2011 Countering Radicalization of Diaspora Communities in Canada Richard B. Parent and James O Ellis III Series editor: Linda Sheldon, SFU; Krishna -
Outline of the 9/11 Plot
EMBARGOED UNTIL 11:00 AM ON JUNE 16, 2004 Outline of the 9/11 Plot Staff Statement No. 16 Members of the Commission, your staff is prepared to report its preliminary findings regarding the conspiracy that produced the September 11 terrorist attacks against the United States. We remain ready to revise our understanding of this subject as our work continues. Dietrich Snell, Rajesh De, Hyon Kim, Michael Jacobson, John Tamm, Marco Cordero, John Roth, Douglas Greenburg, and Serena Wille did most of the investigative work reflected in this statement. We are fortunate to have had access to the fruits of a massive investigative effort by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and other law enforcement agencies, as well intelligence collection and analysis from the Central Intelligence Agency, the National Security Agency, the State Department, and the Department of Defense. Much of the account in this statement reflects assertions reportedly made by various 9/11 conspirators and captured al Qaeda members while under interrogation. We have sought to corroborate this material as much as possible. Some of this material has been inconsistent. We have had to make judgment calls based on the weight and credibility of the evidence. Our information on statements attributed to such individuals comes from written reporting; we have not had direct access to any of them. Plot Overview Origins of the 9/11 Attacks The idea for the September 11 attacks appears to have originated with a veteran jihadist named Khalid Sheikh Mohammed (KSM). A Kuwaiti from the Baluchistan region of Pakistan, KSM grew up in a religious family and claims to have joined the Muslim Brotherhood at the age of 16. -
By Any Means Necessary: the Quandary the CIA Now Faces in Light of Employing Enhanced Interrogation Methods to Combat the War on Terror Joshua Laufer
Duquesne University Duquesne Scholarship Collection Electronic Theses and Dissertations Spring 2011 By Any Means Necessary: The Quandary the CIA Now Faces In Light of Employing Enhanced Interrogation Methods to Combat the War on Terror Joshua Laufer Follow this and additional works at: https://dsc.duq.edu/etd Recommended Citation Laufer, J. (2011). By Any Means Necessary: The Quandary the CIA Now Faces In Light of Employing Enhanced Interrogation Methods to Combat the War on Terror (Master's thesis, Duquesne University). Retrieved from https://dsc.duq.edu/etd/802 This Immediate Access is brought to you for free and open access by Duquesne Scholarship Collection. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Duquesne Scholarship Collection. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BY ANY MEANS NECESSARY: THE QUANDARY THE CIA NOW FACES IN LIGHT OF EMPLOYING ENHANCED INTERROGATION METHODS TO COMBAT THE WAR ON TERROR A Thesis Submitted to the McAnulty College and Graduate School of Liberal Arts Duquesne University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts By Joshua Laufer May 2011 BY ANY MEANS NECESSARY: THE QUANDARY THE CIA NOW FACES IN LIGHT OF EMPLOYING ENHANCED INTERROGATION METHODS TO COMBAT THE WAR ON TERROR By Joshua Laufer Approved March 14, 2011 ________________________________ ________________________________ Kent Moors, Ph.D. John Sawicki, Ph.D., C.S.Sp. First Reader, Professor of Political Second Reader, Assistant Professor -
9 + 11 Franck Leibovici
9 + 11 franck leibovici 9 + 11 we have come together with a unity of purpose because our nation demands it the nation was unprepared and we took public testimony from 160 witnesses (19 days of hearings ) _______ more than 2.5 million pages of documents and more than 1200 individuals interviewed in ten countries collateral damage is not in its lexicon four planes (core / récit I - “WE HAVE SOME PLANES” _______, dawned temperate and nearly cloudless in the eastern __________ they spoke for three minutes boston : american 11 and united 175 (seats 8d, 8g, and 10b, respectively) according to the united ticket agent, they had trouble understanding the standard security questions (banihammad in 2a, shehri in 2b, shehhi in 6c, hamza al ghamdi in 9c, and ahmed al ghamdi in 9d) he did so because one of the brothers did not have photo identification nor could he understand english, and because the agent found both of the passengers to be suspicious at 7:50, majed moqed and khalid al mihdhar boarded the flight and were seated in 12a and 12b in coach washington dulles : american 77 _________________________ the security checkpoint, owned by united airlines and operated under contract by argenbright security _______________________________ jarrah ___ in seat 1b, closest to the cockpit; nami ___ in 3c, ghamdi in 3d, haznawi in 6b newark : united 93 no physical, documentary, or ana- lytical evidence provides a convinc- ing explanation of why atta and omari drove to portland, maine, from bos- ton on the morning of september 10, only to return to logan on flight 5930 on the morning of the day after. -
Securing Human Mobility in the Age of Risk: New Challenges for Travel
SECURING HUMAN MOBILITY IN T H E AGE OF RI S K : NEW CH ALLENGE S FOR T RAVEL , MIGRATION , AND BORDER S By Susan Ginsburg April 2010 Migration Policy Institute Washington, DC © 2010, Migration Policy Institute All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be produced or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy; or included in any information storage and retrieval system without prior permission in writing from the Migration Policy Institute. Permission for reproducing excerpts from this book should be directed to: Permissions Department, Migration Policy Institute, 1400 16th Street, NW, Suite 300, Washington, DC, 20036, or by contacting [email protected]. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ginsburg, Susan, 1953- Securing human mobility in the age of risk : new challenges for travel, migration, and borders / by Susan Ginsburg. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-0-9742819-6-4 (pbk.) 1. Migration, Internal. 2. Emigration and immigration. 3. Travel. 4. Terrorism. I. Title. HB1952.G57 2010 363.325’991--dc22 2010005791 Cover photo: Daniel Clayton Greer Cover design: April Siruno Interior typesetting: James Decker Printed in the United States of America. TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface ............................................................................................................. V INTRODUCTION: THE LIMITS OF BORDER SECURITY I. MOBILITY SECURITY FACTS AND PRINCIPLES Introduction .......................................................................................31 -
Embassy Ottawa Classification: SECRET Destination: 05STATE23078 Header
id: 27175 date: 2/16/2005 19:29 refid: 05OTTAWA490 origin: Embassy Ottawa classification: SECRET destination: 05STATE23078 header: This record is a partial extract of the original cable. The full text of the original cable is not available. ----------------- header ends ---------------- S E C R E T SECTION 01 OF 02 OTTAWA 000490 SIPDIS E.O. 12958: DECL: 02/16/2015 TAGS: ASEC, PTER SUBJECT: SECURITY ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE RESPONSE FOR MISSION CANADA REF: STATE 23078 Classified By: RSO THOMAS F. GREY, JR., REASON 1.4 (G) ------------------ POLITICAL VIOLENCE ------------------ 1. (SBU) DEMONSTRATIONS A. YES B. YES C. YES D. ALCAN POSTS PREVIOUSLY REPORTED THE AVERAGE NUMBER OF DEMONSTRATORS TO BE APPROXIMATELY 50. HOWEVER, A STEADY INCREASE IN THE NUMBER AND FREQUENCY OF DEMONSTRATIONS DID OCCUR THROUGHOUT CANADA. DURING AND AFTER THE IRAQI WAR/CONFLICT CG'S TORONTO AND MONTREAL, DUE TO THE ETHNIC MAKE-UP OF THOSE CITIES, EXPERIENCED DEMONSTRATIONS WITH NUMBERS IN THE THOUSANDS. OBVIOUSLY, THIS INCREASE WAS A DIRECT RESULT TO GROWING ANTI-WAR ACTIVISTS AND U.S. POLICY IN THE MIDDLE-EAST AND PERSIAN GULF IN ADDITION TO THE ETHNIC MAKEUP, POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT, AND LARGE STUDENT POPULATION WHERE STUDENTS TEND TO BE SOMEWHAT LEFT-LEANING. ANTI-WAR DEMONSTRATIONS AND RALLIES DID OCCUR IN OTHER LARGE CANADIAN CITIES SUCH AS OTTAWA, VANCOUVER, CALGARY AND HALIFAX AND WERE CONSTANT DURING AND IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING THE IRAQI WAR. E. MILITARY ACTIONS AND U.S. FOREIGN POLICY IN GENERAL F. PEACEFUL G. THE USG DID HAVE TO PAY ABOUT CAD 13,000 LAST SPRING TO THE BUILDING MANAGEMENT CORPORATION TO REPAIR DAMAGE TO THE BUILDING HOUSING THE CONSULATE IN MONTREAL AS A RESULT OF A LARGE ANTI-WAR PROTESTS -- MOSTLY FOR THE REMOVAL OF RED PAINT THROWN REPEATEDLY ON THE EXTERIOR WALLS, REMOVAL OF BLACK MARKER FROM OUR GREAT SEAL, AND OTHER NON-STRUCTURAL, SUPERFICIAL DAMAGE.