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Alfred William Harris (August 19, 1853–March 24, 1920)

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Alfred William Harris (August 19, 1853–March 24, 1920) Library of Virginia Dictionary of Virginia Biography Alfred William Harris (August 19, Harris married Ida R. Morris, a former 1853–March 24, 1920), member of the public school principal. They had at least House of Delegates, was born in Fairfax five sons and one daughter. County and was the son of Henry Harris, Harris attended a convention of a free man, and Jemima Magingo Harris, African American Republicans in who was likely enslaved. Little is known Petersburg on March 15, 1881, that had about his early life, but during the Civil been called to decide whether to affiliate War the family went to Alexandria, with the Readjuster Party, which had where he may have attended a school been formed in 1879 to refinance the operated by the Bureau of Refugees, state's public debt at a lower rate of Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands and interest in order to increase the funds possibly one of the city's segregated available for the public schools. Harris public schools after 1870. Harris edited spoke for a large minority of delegates the Summer Tribune in Alexandria who opposed the convention's organizers before joining the editorial staff of The and the resolutions that the convention People's Advocate in April 1876. Three passed endorsing the Readjusters. weeks later, he left to study law with a In October 1881 both factions of local African American attorney. In the Dinwiddie County Republicans February 1880, the Alexandria united to nominate Harris for the House corporation court admitted Harris to of Delegates. He defeated a Democrat by practice law, and the following year he a margin of 855 to 473 in November earned his law degree from Howard when the coalition of Republicans and University, in Washington, D.C. Readjusters won majorities in the Early in the 1870s, Harris General Assembly and all the statewide became involved in local Republican offices. Harris was reelected three times, politics, and he served a one-year term all with comfortable margins, and served on Alexandria's common council from for eight years. While in the assembly he 1874 to 1875. He was part of a was a member of the influential delegation that in May 1875 petitioned Committees on Courts of Justice and on President Ulysses S. Grant to reorganize Schools and Colleges and also of the the city's post office, customs house, and less-prestigious Committees on internal revenue office. In April 1880, Immigration, on the Library, on state Republicans selected Harris as a Manufactures and Mechanics Arts, on candidate for presidential elector. That Public Property, and on Retrenchment July, he attended a public meeting in and Economy. Richmond at which many of the city's Harris introduced several local leading African Americans issued an bills while in the House of Delegates, appeal to the city school board to hire including one that did not pass in 1882 black teachers for the black schools and to forbid the county's commonwealth's to equalize courses of instruction for attorney, sheriff, and treasurer from white and black students. He moved to holding any other offices at the same Petersburg to practice law soon time. In that same session he introduced thereafter and was then perhaps the only a bill that passed to allow a referendum African American attorney in the city. In in part of the county to determine Alexandria, on December 31, 1884, whether to exempt that part of the Library of Virginia Dictionary of Virginia Biography county from the state's 1866 fence law continued their participation in the that gave farmers protection from Republican Party. On July 15, 1885, at damage caused by free-ranging the party's state convention, he spoke livestock. Harris supported the reform forcefully against a plan of organization agenda of the Readjuster-Republican that would weaken African American coalition, including refinancing the representation and denounced Readjuster public debt to reduce the interest rate Senator Harrison Holt Riddleberger for and increase money for the public criticizing Republican Party leader schools. William Mahone. On January 17, 1888, As part of the coalition's reforms Harris attended the founding meeting of designed to benefit African Americans, the Virginia branch of the Republican Harris introduced the bill in 1882 that League, and served on its platform and chartered the Virginia Normal and resolutions committee as well as the Collegiate Institute (later Virginia State permanent organization committee. University) the state's first public college Harris remained loyal to Mahone for African Americans. Harris sat on the even as the Republican Party faced board of visitors and served as its first division. At the state convention in May secretary. Acting as the de facto 1888, he reportedly exchanged blows treasurer during the initial months of the with Matt N. Lewis, a Petersburg editor school's operation in 1883, Harris was who favored a rival Republican faction. accused of fiscal improprieties but later That autumn, Harris campaigned exonerated. Two years later, however, throughout the Fourth Congressional financial mismanagement, excessive District for Richard Watson Arnold, a salaries, and poor oversight of building white Republican who ran for the House construction spurred the removal of the of Representatives with Mahone's board and Harris was not reappointed. In support. He was opposed by Edward January 1886, after the Democrats had Carrington Venable, a Democrat, and by regained control of the assembly, he John Mercer Langston, an African helped engineer the legislature's passage American Republican. The Republican of a bill to incorporate the Colored split led to Venable's victory, but Agricultural and Industrial Association Langston successfully challenged the of Virginia to sponsor an annual state result. When evidence of corruption in fair for African Americans. He was the election was compiled in 1889, elected its president in November 1886, Harris testified that Langston's and as a trustee purchased property in supporters had prevented him and other Dinwiddie County for the organization canvassers from speaking at Arnold's in 1888. campaign rallies. Early the next year, as Harris was active in Republican spokesman for a small group of Virginia Party state politics throughout the Republicans, Harris testified before and decade. He was a delegate to the April also submitted a written statement to a 1884 state convention of the Readjuster- congressional committee that described Republican Party and also a delegate to how election officials in the state, most the Republicans' national convention of whom were Democrats, had evaded that year. The Readjuster Party collapsed voting laws and disfranchised about soon thereafter, and Harris and most of 30,000 African Americans. the other African Americans resumed or Library of Virginia Dictionary of Virginia Biography On February 1, 1889, he led a In December 1905, Harris was delegation to petition Benjamin arrested in Petersburg and charged with Harrison, the president-elect, to place conspiring with another African Mahone in the cabinet. Harris did not American to have the latter steal two run for reelection to the House of bales of cotton and sell one to a Delegates in 1889, probably because he commission merchant. Harris adamantly was appointed special inspector of denied the charges, based solely on the customs at Newport News that August, a testimony of his supposed accomplice, prominent office for an African and was acquitted by the mayor's court. American in the state. A few weeks later The commonwealth's attorney failed in he attended the local Republican his attempt to pursue the case in the convention in Sussex County, where he Hustings Court. Despite being cleared of backed one candidate and then scuffled the charges, by December 9, Harris had with a supporter of a rival claimant. His resigned from his post in the internal opponent even fired a pistol, possibly revenue office. In June 1912, he was aimed at Harris. Participation of African arrested again, this time on a charge of Americans in Virginia politics fell off orchestrating the theft of a whiskey still sharply during the 1890s as a result of by an accomplice. Finding no new state voting laws and fell further corroborating evidence besides the after adoption of the new state accusation of his supposed co- constitution in 1902. Nevertheless, conspirator, the charges were dismissed Harris remained active in local politics several days later. Having suffered a and opposed efforts by white stroke that left him incapacitated for Republicans to force African Americans about two years, Alfred William Harris out of party offices. In 1910, he was one died of arteriosclerosis and a cerebral of eight African Americans out of the hemorrhage at his Petersburg home on eighteen census enumerators appointed March 24, 1920. He was buried with for the city of Petersburg. Masonic rites in the city's Blandford Cemetery. Contributed by Michael J. Woods for the Dictionary of Virginia Biography , a publication of the Library of Virginia. Sources Consulted Birth date in Harris's 1889 testimony printed in John M. Langston vs. E. C. Venable , 51st Congress, 1st Session, House Report 2462, serial 2814, pp. 38–39; Alfred William Harris Papers (with 1881 law degree), Johnston Memorial Library, Virginia State University, Ettrick, Virginia; Alexandria Marriage Register, Bureau of Vital Statistics, Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Health, Record Group 36, Library of Virginia (LVA); Harris's election to the House of Delegates in 1881 (Election
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