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THE LEADER I N ORGANI C- BASED LAWNCARETM © 2005. NaturaLawn of America, Inc. All rights reserved. Each office independently owned and operated. www.nl-amer.com For permission to reproduce this piece, call 800-989-5444. contents Volume 85, Number 3 . May / June 2006

FEATURES DEPARTMENTS

5 NOTES FROM RIVER FARM 6 MEMBERS’ FORUM 8 NEWS FROM AHS AHS Green Garage exhibit a hit at the Philadelphia Flower Show, AHS President Katy Moss Warner to retire in June, River Farm to host Fashion in Bloom in September, AHS native plant Garden School a success, Lady Walton charms Washington, D.C.

14 AHS NEWS SPECIAL New children’s garden in Missouri.

42 HABITAT GARDENING Eastern deciduous forest.

page 36 44 ONE ON ONE WITH… Bill Radler, rose breeder.

46 GARDENER’S NOTEBOOK CLIMBING AND RAMBLING ROSES BY JEFF COX 16 Experts say concern about termite-infested Here are 10 beguiling climbing and rambling roses ideal for cre- mulch are unwarranted, best Oenothera ating romantic vignettes in your garden. species for the Midwest, predictions of pest problems from around the country, insect- INSPIRED GARDEN ART repelling properties found in beautyberry 22 leaves, record-setting bird count points to BY LINDA MCINTYRE diversity. Beyond embellishment, garden art expresses the individuality 50 AN APPRECIATION and soul of the gardener. Christopher Lloyd, plantsman. EVERGREEN SHRUBS 26 52 GREEN GARAGE® BY CAROL BISHOP MILLER Sun protection for For maximum versatility in gardeners. landscaping, these mid-size page 22 evergreens are tough to beat. 54 BOOK REVIEWS P. Allen Smith’s Colors THE ALLURE OF MEADOW GARDENS for the Garden, Gardens 31 BY CAROLE OTTESEN by Design, Planting Creating a meadow garden takes patience and determination, but Design, and Cultivating the results can be incredibly rewarding. Words. Special focus: Regional pagepage 5050 gardening. 36 HIGH-IMPACT FOLIAGE BY C. COLSTON BURRELL Hardy herbaceous perennials with bold foliage add drama and 58 REGIONAL HAPPENINGS texture to the garden. 62 HARDINESS AND HEAT ZONES AND PRONUNCIATIONS ON THE COVER: ‘New Dawn’ rose rambles along a picket fence in a Cape Cod, Massachusetts,

TOP LEFT: LYNNE HARRISON. BOTTOM MARK TURNER. FAR RIGHT: JONATHAN BUCKLEY garden designed by Tim Callis. Photograph by Karen Bussolini

May / June 2006 3 AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 7931 East Boulevard Drive Alexandria, VA 22308-1300 (800) 777-7931 fax (703) 768-8700 www.ahs.org Making America a Nation of Gardeners, a Land of Gardens

American Horticultural Society President’s Council

PRESIDENT Katy Moss Warner CHAIRMAN'S CIRCLE Mr. and Mrs. John H. Ariail, Jr. ■ Mr. Bill Barry ■ Mr. Board of Directors and Mrs. Kurt Bluemel ■ Mr. and Mrs. Edward N. Dane ■ Mrs. Judy Daniel ■ Mrs. Dawn Ford ■ Mr. Gerald T. Halpin ■ Mrs. Minako Henderson ■ Mr. CHAIRMAN Arabella S. Dane Center Harbor, New Hampshire and Mrs. James S. Hutchinson ■ Mr. Robert E. Malesardi ■ Ms. Nancy FIRST VICE CHAIRMAN Brian E. Holley Cleveland, Ohio Petersen ■ Ms. Barbara Robinson ■ Mrs. Deen Day Sanders ■ Mr. Phil Snyder SECOND VICE CHAIRMAN Don E. Riddle, Jr. Davidsonville, Maryland ■ Mr. Arnold Steiner ■ Mr. Robert Stohler ■ Mr. and Mrs. W. Bruce Usrey ■ SECRETARY Albin MacDonough Plant Baltimore, Maryland Mrs. Pauline Vollmer ■ Ms. Claire Watson TREASURER Christine Perdue Middleburg, Virginia

IMMEDIATE PAST CHAIR Kurt Bluemel Baldwin, Maryland LIBERTY HYDE BAILEY ASSOCIATES Ms. Sue Dick ■ Mrs. Elisabeth C. Dudley

■ Mr. A. Michael Gellman ■ Mr. and Mrs. Mickey Lynch ■ Dr. and Mrs. David GENERAL COUNSEL William A. Pusey Arlington, Virginia E. Morrison ■ Mr. and Mrs. Ken Mountcastle ■ Mr. and Mrs. J. Landon

Leslie Ariail Alexandria, Virginia ■ Allan M. Armitage Athens, Georgia ■ William E. Barrick, Ph.D. Theodore, Reeve IV ■ Mr. and Mrs. Don E. Riddle, Jr. ■ Mr. Timothée Sallin ■ Jeanne ■ ■ Alabama ■ Katherine Belk-Cook Charlotte, North Carolina ■ Katherine Stark Bull Washington, D.C. ■ John Shields Ms. Katy Moss Warner Ms. Harriet Zbikowski Alex Floyd, Jr. Trussville, Alabama ■ Joel Goldsmith Gilroy, California ■ Beverly Hanselman Nashville, HAUPT ASSOCIATES Dr. and Mrs. William E. Barrick ■ Mr. and Mrs. C. Tennessee ■ Carole Hofley Wilson, Wyoming ■ Natasha Hopkinson New York, New York ■ Margaret Kulp William Black ■ Mr. and Mrs. Robert L. Bogle ■ Mr. Richard C. and Mrs. Louisville, Kentucky ■ Melissa R. Marshall Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ■ Carol C. Morrison Palatine, Illinois ■ Katherine Stark Bull ■ Dr. and Mrs. H. Marc Cathey ■ Mr. and Mrs. Richard J. Landon Reeve IV Woodbine, Maryland ■ Harry A. Rissetto, Esq. Falls Church, Virginia ■ Felder Rushing W. Hanselman ■ Mrs. Carole S. Hofley ■ Mr. and Mrs. Robert E. Kulp, Jr. ■ Jackson, Mississippi ■ William Seale, Jr. Alexandria, Virginia ■ Jeanne Shields Greenville, Delaware ■ Mr. and Mrs. Malcolm Matheson, Jr. ■ Mr. and Mrs. Harold McClendon, Jr. Arnold Steiner Birmingham, Alabama ■ Steven Still Hilliard, Ohio ■ Howard McK. Tucker Alexandria, ■ Ms. Christine Perdue ■ Mr. Paul H. Pusey ■ Ms. Michele Richardson ■ Virginia ■ Susie Usrey Dayton, Oregon ■ Robert D. Volk San Marino, California ■ Harry A. Rissetto, Esq. ■ Dr. and Mrs. George E. Staehle ■ Mr. John Wm. Daryl Williams Lake Buena Vista, Florida Thomas and Mrs. Valerie Thomas ■ Mr. Howard McK. Tucker and Ms.

Megan Evans ■ Mr. and Mrs. Robert D. Volk 2006 Advisory Council Beverly Hanselman, Nashville, Tennessee – Chair PRESIDENT'S COUNCIL Mr. and Mrs. Richard C. Angino ■ Nancy J. Becker,

M.D. ■ Mrs. Katherine Belk-Cook ■ Dr. and Mrs. Joseph Benedict ■ Mr. Clarissa Bonde, Washington D.C. Robert and Joanna Martin, Menlo Park, Colorado Phillip Bermingham ■ Dr. Joel Birnbaum ■ Mrs. George P. Bissell, Jr. ■ Dr. Walter Bull, Columbia, South Carolina Mrs. Malcolm Matheson, Mt. Vernon, Virginia Sherran Blair ■ Count and Countess Peder Bonde ■ Mrs. Anne Bucher ■ Mr. Elaine Burden, Middleburg, Virginia Egon Molbak, Bellevue, Washington and Mrs. Cason Callaway, Jr. ■ Mrs. Susan M. Cargill ■ Mr. and Mrs. Charles Patty Bush, St. Louis, Missouri Dean Norton, Mt. Vernon, Virginia E. Carr ■ Mr. and Mrs. James L. Corfield ■ Mr. and Mrs. Edward Daisey ■ Dr. H. Marc Cathey, Silver Spring, Maryland Nancy Keen Palmer, Nashville, Tennessee Mr. and Mrs. James F. Delano ■ Ms. Doris Diman ■ William P. G. Dodson, Fred Clapp, Alexandria, Virginia Bob Patterson, Washington D.C. D.D.S. ■ Mrs. Robert Duemling ■ Mrs. Beverley W. Dunn ■ Dr. and Mrs. Russell Clark, Boston, Massachusetts Dr. Julia W. Rappaport, Santa Ana, California John A. Floyd, Jr. ■ Mr. and Mrs. Dennis Garcia ■ Prudence Gilmore ■ Mr. Bartie Cole, Owings Mills, Maryland Deen Day Sanders, Norcross, Georgia John Sward Gleiber ■ Mr. and Mrs. Joel Goldsmith ■ Mr. and Mrs. John H. Jim Corfield, Geneva, Illinois David Shultz, St. Cloud, Florida Guy, IV ■ Mrs. Richard W. Hamming ■ Dr. and Mrs. William O. Hargrove Virginia Hill Daisey, Dedham, Massachusetts Josephine Shanks, Houston, Texas ■ Mr. and Mrs. Max Hartl ■ Mr. and Mrs. Brent Heath ■ Mr. and Mrs. Edward N. Dane, Center Harbor, New Hampshire Barbara Shea, Baltimore, Maryland Richard F. Hohlt ■ Mr. and Mrs. Brian E. Holley ■ Mr. and Mrs. Allan L. David and Kitty Ferguson, Westwood, Massachusetts Holly Shimizu, Glen Echo, Maryland Holmstrom ■ Mrs. Elizabeth Hooff ■ Mr. and Mrs. Peter Hopkinson ■ Mr. Ben Griswold, Glyndon, Maryland Charles Henry Smith, Jr., Middleburg, Virginia Philip Huey ■ Mr. Henry Jameson ■ Mr. and Mrs. Robert B. Lindsay ■ Ms. Henry Jameson, East Sound, Washington Regina Smith, Middleburg, Virginia Joann Luecke ■ Mr. and Mrs. Randolph Marshall ■ Mrs. Dorothy Marston Dr. Richard W. Lighty, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania Nancy Thomas, Houston, Texas ■ Mr. George Cole S. McCray ■ Mrs. Rachel L. Mellon ■ Mrs. Rosalyn Carolyn Marsh Lindsay, Ponte Vedra, Florida Bryan Thomlison, Haddonfield, New Jersey Milbrandt ■ Mr. and Mrs. Egon Molbak ■ Mr. and Mrs. Malcolm Moore ■ Mickey Lynch, Dunmore, Pennsylvania Pauline Vollmer, Baltimore, Maryland Mr. and Mrs. William J. Moss ■ Mrs. Shirley Ann Nicolai ■ Mr. and Mrs. Robert E. Malesardi, Easton, Maryland Joyce and Harvey White, Nashville, Tennessee William G. Pannill ■ Mr. and Mrs. Albin MacDonough Plant ■ Mrs. Charles Stu McMichael and Lucinda Crabtree, Joannah Williams, Sebring, Florida Price ■ Mr. and Mrs. William A. Pusey ■ Mr. and Mrs. William Seale, Jr. ■ Falls Church, Virginia Sheryl Wood, Middleburg, Virginia Mrs. Josephine M. Shanks ■ Mr. and Mrs. Charles Henry Smith, Jr. ■ Mr. and

Mrs. William M. Spencer ■ Mrs. Juliet Sproul ■ Mr. Harold Stahly ■ Ms. Lida Corporate Partners M. Stifel ■ Dr. and Mrs. Steven Still ■ Mr. and Mrs. John B. Strasenburgh ■ ■ Mr. and Mrs. Peter Tilles ■ Mr. Joe Viar ■ Mr. and Mrs. Harvey C. White ■ ■ The Care of Trees Chapel Valley Landscape Company Cherry Lake Tree Farm ■ Mr. and Mrs. John W. White, Sr. ■ Mr. and Mrs. D. Anderson Williams ■ ™ DK Publishing ■ EarthBox ■ Green Industry Yellow Pages ■ Homestead Gardens Mrs. Marilyn B. Wilson Kurt Bluemel, Inc. ■ Monrovia ■ NaturaLawn of America ■ Osmocote Thompson & Morgan HONORARY PRESIDENT’S COUNCIL Mrs. Enid A. Haupt ■ Mrs. John A. Lutz ■ Mr. and Mrs. Bruce Miller Horticultural Partners

America in Bloom ■ Bellingrath Gardens & Home ■ Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Garden Symposium ■ Communities in Bloom ■ Cox Arboretum ■ Epcot International Flower & Garden Effective February 1, the 2006 Festival ■ The Gardeners of America/Men’s Garden Clubs of America ■ Green Roofs for Healthy Cities ■ Great Southern Tree Conference ■ Homestead Resorts Horticultural Symposium ■ Horticulture member password for the AHS Gardening Institute ■ Leonard Haertter Travel Company ■ Magic of Landscapes ■ Morris Arboretum website (www.ahs.org) is tulip. ■ Oklahoma Horticultural Society

4 the American Gardener The American NOTESC FROM RIVER FARM GARDENER

EDITOR David J. Ellis MANAGING EDITOR AND ART DIRECTOR HANKS TO A mild winter and cool spring—not to mention 20,000 bulbs Mary Yee donated last fall—this has been the most beautiful spring I can remember ASSISTANT EDITOR here at George Washington’s River Farm. The daffodils and hellebores Viveka Neveln T opened early and then kept blooming for weeks, while the many different specialty EDITORIAL INTERN Linda McIntyre bulbs have surprised us at every turn. Now, as I write this, we are surrounded by CONTRIBUTING EDITORS thousands of tulips as our Washington Blooms! celebration is in full swing. Rita Pelczar It was a special treat this year to see hundreds of purple crocuses pop out of the Joanne Wolfe ground in bold X’s and O’s, just as Dr. H. Marc Cathey predicted when we planted CONTRIBUTING WRITER them with him to celebrate his birthday last October. It is his special loving way of Carole Ottesen reminding us to celebrate the beauty of the natural world and have fun doing it!

EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Spring always signals change—change from the somber landscapes of winter to bright joyful colors height- CHAIR John Alex Floyd Jr. Birmingham, Alabama ened by glorious blue skies and the apple-green foliage of Allan M. Armitage the trees just coming into leaf. While nature is in transi- Athens, Georgia tion at this time, so is our American Horticultural Soci- Nina L. Bassuk ety (AHS). On June 3 this year I am retiring as president Ithaca, New York of the AHS after four years. The position is now open for Richard E. Bir the next generation of horticultural leadership in Ameri- Brevard, North Carolina ca! (See news article on page 8.) John E. Bryan I have great confidence that the right people and pro- San Francisco, California grams are in place at the AHS to maintain the positive momentum that has been John L. Creech building over the past few years. The staff is exceptional, with dedicated and ex- Columbus, North Carolina perienced leaders in each of our departments. We have a strong Board of Direc- Panayoti Kelaidis Denver, Colorado tors that includes prominent leaders in all fields of American horticulture. Richard W. Lighty Our membership is growing steadily thanks to enthusiasm for the new educa- Kennett Square, Pennsylvania tional programs and unique member benefits only the AHS can offer. Our partner- Elvin McDonald ships with other gardening and conservation organizations in America are expanding West Des Moines, Iowa our collective ability to provide gardeners with valuable information and inspiration. Felder Rushing And we are building excitement around a Capital Campaign that will transform our Jackson, Mississippi headquarters at River Farm into a National Center for American Horticulture. From this innovative and forward-thinking platform, the AHS will deliver dynamic pro- ADVERTISING The American Gardener grams to gardeners, students, educators, horticultural professionals, and garden com- AND CORPORATE 7931 East Boulevard Drive PARTNERSHIPS Alexandria, VA 22308 municators throughout the country. (703) 768-5700 I have been asked by the AHS Board to maintain my involvement with the AHS E-MAIL: [email protected] in the capacity of president emeritus. I am truly honored to take on this new role and look forward to working closely with these extraordinary leaders of American horti- culture as we move ahead with the Capital Campaign and fulfillment of our inspir- ing new Master Plan for River Farm. The American Gardener (ISSN 1087-9978) is published bimonth- ly (January/February, March/April, May/June, July/August, Septem- To each of you, our AHS members, I thank you for your wonderful support, ber/October, November/December) by the American Horticultural your active involvement, and for the stories, photos, and plants you have shared Society, 7931 East Boulevard Drive, Alexandria, VA 22308-1300, (703) 768-5700. Membership in the Society includes a subscrip- with me. I encourage you to continue your passionate engagement with the ac- tion to The American Gardener. Annual dues are $35; two years, $60. International dues are $50. $10 of annual dues goes toward tivities and mission of the AHS and help us grow in the exciting times ahead. magazine subscription. Periodicals postage paid at Alexandria, Vir- ginia, and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Please send My very best wishes to all of you. Form 3579 to The American Gardener, 7931 East Boulevard Drive, Alexandria, VA 22308-1300. Botanical nomenclature is based on The American Horticultural Happy Gardening! Society A–Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, on A Synonymized Check- list of the Vascular Flora of the United States, Canada and Greenland and on the Royal Horticultural Society Index of Garden Plants. Opinions expressed in the articles are those of the authors and are not necessar- ily those of the Society. Manuscripts, artwork, and photographs sent for possible publication will be returned if accompanied by a self-addressed, stamped envelope. We cannot guarantee the safe return of unsolicited material. Back issues are available at $8 per copy. —Katy Moss Warner, AHS President Copyright ©2006 by the American Horticultural Society. Printed in the U.S.A. on recycled paper.

May / June 2006 5 6 of time,energy, ormoney. battles, andwithoutagreat expenditure weeds,” but we wonmany have certainly than tablesalt. centrated aceticacid;orforthatmatter, that glyphosateismore toxic thancon- toxicity, Iwoulddefyanyone toshow manner we useit,isnotexpensive. Asfor glyphosate,appliedinthe the article, tainly never allow onetogoseed. goal istonever letaweed flower, andcer- weeds attheearliestpossiblemoment.Our than onegalloneachyear totargetall glyphosate-based herbicides. We useless ity, andcarefully applyinglow levels of using plantsfortheirground-covering abil- weeds by mulching with choppedleaves, years, we have completelyeradicatedmajor April tomid-November. During those40 18 minutesadayonaverage from mid- is spentincontrolling weeds. That’s about keeping, we estimateabout60hoursayear by thetwoofus.Based oncareful record- one halfacres andallgarden tasksare done sade. My wifeandIgarden onseven and nation asapersonalandrewarding cru- for 40ofthesehave takenonweed elimi- constant, labor-intensive weed removal. dens forpeoplewhodonotmind tions offered willonlywork insmallgar- methods ofcontrol, mostofthesugges- addressing them.But whenitcomesto den andwhywe shouldnotdelayin formation abouthow weeds arrive inagar- pelled towrite. approach toweed control thatIfeltcom- issue,wassofaroffinits ary/February Kris Wetherbee, publishedintheJanu- “Getting aGripThe article on Weeds” by WRONG TRACKONWEEDS weeds withoutresorting tochemical mea- the January/February issue ondealingwith in I applaudyou forpublishingthestory RIGHT TRACKONWEEDS We may“never winthewaragainst towhatwasstatedin And, contrary I have beengardening for65years, and ledoffwithsomegoodin- The article Richard W. Lighty andSally B.Lighty the American Gardener Kennett Square, Pennsylvania eco-friendly techniquesforweed control. cal-free” garden! Thank you forsharing thatthrive inmy“chemi-and butterflies birdsextra timewatchingthewonderful have todevote toweeding. Ispendthe great reduction intheamountoftimeI Wetherbee andover theyears Ihave seena several ofthetechniquessuggestedby Kris covered avariety ofmethods.Ihave used sures. It thorough primerthat wasavery “Names ofplantsmustbeuniversally and trade designation.) AndPrinciple 4 states: course, itmayalsobeidentified witha can bearonlyoneacceptedname.” (Of Group circumscription withaparticular cludes thesentence:“Each cultivar or fornaming plants incultivation] in- rules Code Principle 3of the Black’. issue: uary/February shining lightinthedarkness! of cultivar epithets;theAHSshouldbea trademanglethepresentation the nursery ing namesforcultivated plants.Many in Society shouldtakeextracare inpresent- I believe that theAmericanHorticultural IMPROPER PLANTNOMENCLATURE Editor’s response: be whatworks bestforanother. his orherpersonalphilosophymaynot works well foronegardener orbestsuits of how andwhere togarden, andwhat lifestyle factorsplayarole inourchoices tiful landscape.Environmental and there are manywaysofproducing abeau- makes gardening soappealingisthat generally more efficient.But ofwhat part insomecases—and bicides are necessary control ofproblem weeds isthegoal,her- thetic herbicides. reducing oreliminatingtheuseofsyn- many AHSmembersseeminterested in least-toxic practicesandproducts because ing andcontrolling weeds using bee towriteaboutmethodsofprevent- A caseinpointisonpage15oftheJan- There’s nodoubtthatifcomplete MEMBERS [a compilationoftheinternational C We askedKris Wether- Canna ’ Seattle, Washington FORUM Cultivated Plant ‘Tropicanna Cindy Combs ™ timately itwouldbeintheinterest ofall. Ul- tofollow theCode? industry nursery community—provide stimulusforthe pires toleadershipinthehorticultural force, butshouldn’t theAHS—whichas- Cultivated Plant Code Iknow thatthe vent free useofaname. being enclosedinsinglequotationmarks. Cultivar namesare identifieduniquelyby note adistinguishablegroup ofplants.” freely available foruseby anypersontode- ENID HAUPT’SGARDENLEGACY sonian inthe1980s.Ihave longbeenone my attentionwhenvisitingtheSmith- issue.Heruary/February namecameto about Enid AnnenbergHaupt intheJan- article Thank you forthewonderful Cassia covesii), Cassia is Coves’cassia 2006 issue,shownbelow.Theplant plant onpage47oftheMarch/April for alertingustoamisidentified Thanks tosharp-eyedRichardLighty CORRECTIONS tom: JerryPavia. have read:Top:BillJohnson. Bot- photo creditsforpage32 should tecture. Inthesameissue, the Horticulture andLandscape Archi- State UniversityDepartment of have read:SteveNewman/Colorado credits onpages44and45should In theMarch/Aprilissue,photo Mexico. western UnitedStatesandnorthern The purposeoftrademarking istopre- (Senna covesii, (Senna native tothesouth- does nothave legal Vienna, Virginia Donald H. Voss syn.

BILL JOHNSON of her admirers and visit her garden lilies in my Philadelphia garden, but not not been able to identify it, so I’m hop- whenever I am in Washington, D.C. recently. However, about five years ago, I ing you may be able to help. How fortunate we are that her generosi- noted some spotted leaves with batiklike Anne Constant Ewing ty provided us with so many gardens that patterns emerging at the edge of the gar- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania add beauty to their locations. den mulch. The leaves were like those of Jeanne Marsh the yellow trout lily, but the ensuing Editor’s response: The only Erythronium Hanover, Pennsylvania flowers were a deep pink and the petals species with deep pink flowers are western were reflexed. Over time one plant has trout lily (E. revolutum) and some selec- MYSTERY BULB become three and they bloom reliably tions of European dog’s-tooth violet (E. The article on native bulbs in the every spring. dens-canis). Because these plants cross March/April 2006 issue fascinated me. I assume this plant arrived with the freely and are quite variable, it’s possible In years past I have had a few yellow trout mulch, but am not certain. So far I have yours is a hybrid. Next year, please send us a photo showing the plant in bloom.

RECOGNITION NEEDED FOR ALL After reading “America in Bloom’s 2005 Award Winners” in the November/De- cember 2005 issue, I felt obliged to ex- press disappointment. Your article listed only the first-prize winners in the Ameri- ca in Bloom contest, when 48 towns par- ticipated. Had you listed all those towns, if only in very small type, you would have gained new friends and rewarded the ef- forts of places with horticultural, histori- cal, social, and environmental awareness. I was on the committee for Olmsted Falls, Ohio. Our project included the post office (a federal property), two local ceme- teries, our public library, and many hous- es and businesses of all sizes. The work at the west branch of the Rocky River reflect- ed our appreciation of the natural attribut- es in this community. I have seldom seen a project that rallied volunteer support across so many categories of people. Mary Joyce Lunn Berea, Ohio

Editor’s response: The AHS has been a strong supporter and partner of the Amer- ica in Bloom (AIB) program since its in- ception; we respect the hard work that the volunteers from all the participating com- munities put into their entries. But with 48 communities in last year’s event, we simply don’t have space to list all the entrants in the magazine. We encourage readers to visit the AIB website (www.america inbloom.org) for a complete list and to find out how to get their own communities in- volved in this worthy program. 

PLEASE WRITE US! Letters should be addressed to Editor, The American Gardener, 7931 East Boulevard Drive, Alexandria, VA 22308, or you can e-mail us at [email protected]. Letters we print may be edited for length and clarity.

May / June 2006 7 8 Green Garage AHS Green Garage concept behindthe the philosophyand but itbrought tolife tion ofPennsylvania, Garden ClubFedera- ganizations, aswell astheSpecial Achievement Award from the Best inShow Award foreducationalexhibitsby non-academicor- Flower Show wasanunqualifiedsuccess.Not onlydiditwinthe same ecologicallysoundprinciplestotheirown yards,” says exhibit showed “The peoplehow theycanapplythe vegetables. with low-maintenance annuals,perennials, herbs,and shrubs, den toolsandproducts, wassurrounded by alandscapeplanted ing station.Themodel“garage,” gar- filledwithearth-friendly was designedtobebothavisuallypleasingexhibitandlearn- Moss Warner. AHS President have ever done,”says than anythingwe fun aswell orbetter sible gardening, and vironmentally respon- great horticulture, en- the AHS’s message of and communicated absolutely fabulous program. THE AHS’SFIRST Farm her intoacenterforAmericanhorticulture. “Through atGeorge Washington’sfor transforming itsheadquarters River taken themtoanationalaudience, andcreated aMaster Plan membership, developededucationalprograms manynew and board memberandthenaspresident.” tively involved withtheAHSover the last14years, firstasa dening inAmerica,”saysKaty. “Iamproud tohave beenac- ofgar- is makingvitalcontributionstothescienceandart tive June AHSisadynamicorganizationthat 3,2006.“The MossKaty Warner the AmericanHorticultural Society (AHS)forfouryears, AFTER SERVINGAS Katy MossWarner toRetireinJune News PROGRAMS •EVENTSANNOUNCEMENTS The AHSdisplay exhibitwas “The Under Katy’s guidance,theorganization hasincreased its the American Gardener Katy ® has announcedthatshewillretire effec- full-fledged exhibitatthePhiladelphia president andchief executive officerof Moss Warner,right,discussesthebenefitsofgreenergardeningwithflowershowvisitors. AHSPresidentKaty beauty cancoexistwithsoundenvironmentalstewardship.Aboveright: The GreenGarageexhibitatthePhiladelphiaFlowerShow,aboveleft,demonstratedthat ® a HitatPhiladelphiaFlowerShow from AHS Green Garage conceptisalsoavailable at apermanentGreenview Garage exhibit.Information onthe Davidsonville, inMarch. Maryland, Visitors to River Farm can tured aGreen Garage exhibit atthecompany’s in retail nursery erously donatedby Gardener’s Supply Company same time—earlytomid-summer—inahomegarden. similar culturalrequirements andwouldbloomatroughly the and AHSHorticulturist Peggy Bowers AHS LandscapeArchitect acting CEOuntil areplacement forKatyisnamed. Operating Officer Tom Underwood asBoardand served chairfrom 1998to2000. While atDisney, shejoinedtheAHSBoard ofDirectors in1992 Disney World Resort inFlorida, where sheworked for24years. rector ofhorticulture andenvironmental initiatives attheWalt will continuetorepresent theAHSaspresident emeritus. inspiration tousall.”At therequest oftheAHSboard, Katy public awareness ofplantsandgardens oftheimportance isan Board ofDirectors. “Her passionatecommitmenttoraising tural professionals,” saysArabellaDane groups andhorticul- significant allianceswithgreen industry leadership, Katyhasrevitalized ourorganizationandcreated Homestead Gardens, anAHScorporatepartner, alsofea- A nationalsearchpresident foranew isunderway. Chief Prior tobecomingpresident oftheAHS,Katywasdi- Ann English. For thedesign,Ann May/June 2006 will serve astheSociety’swill serve chose plantsthatshared runs onarechargeableruns string trimmerthat updated version ofa tering system,andan into aningeniouswa- empty sodabottles rel, conestoconvert including arainbar- equipment ondisplay, innovative toolsand pressed interest inthe authenticity andex- exhibit’s beautyand tors remarked onthe garden gearwere gen- gonomic examplesof earth-friendly, ander- other labor-saving, battery. Theseand www.ahs.org. , chairoftheAHS Many show visi- .

LEFT: VIVEKA NEVELN. RIGHT: DAVID ELLIS Fashion in Bloom This Fall

GARDENS MAY BE just hitting their stride for the season now, but those on the lookout for the newest, hottest plants for next year’s gardens should mark their calendars for September. Fash- ion in Bloom—which was called the Eastern Performance Tri- als when it debuted last year—will introduce the landscape industry and home gardeners to new plants and tried-and-true va- rieties from leading national and international plant producers. The event, coordinated by the Garden Centers of Ameri- ca, will once again be held at six locations in the mid-Atlantic region, including the AHS’s River Farm headquarters. “The 2006 event will have an outstanding display of new flowers, vines, trees, foliage plants, and perennials,” says Clint Albin, project manager for Fashion in Bloom. While most of the event’s participants will be green indus- try professionals and Master Gardeners, the public is invited to Meadowlark Botanical Gardens Manager Keith Tomlinson addresses take a peek at the latest in plants at River Farm on Saturday Sep- Garden School participants during a tour of the Potomac Valley Native tember 23 from 9 a.m. to noon.This year’s theme at River Farm Plant Collection in Vienna, Virginia. is “America’s Garden Celebration: Decorating Inside Out.” For more information about Fashion in Bloom, visit Plants,” the first of the AHS’s three 2006 Garden Schools. www.fashioninbloom.com. Guest Horticulturist Carole Ottesen led a top-notch roster of speakers including nurseryman Kurt Bluemel, AHS Hor- Gardeners Go Native at River Farm ticulturist Peggy Bowers, landscape consultant Rick Darke, horticultural researcher and educator Richard Bir, landscape GARDENERS FROM THE mid-Atlantic region and beyond gath- architect Darrel Morrison, and Rick Lewandowski, direc- ered at River Farm in April for “Gardening with Native tor of the Mt. Cuba Center in Greenville, Delaware. LINDA MCINTYRE

May / June 2006 9 AHS NATIONAL EVENTS AND PROGRAMS Garden Essay Contest Open 2006 CALENDAR To celebrate the central role gardens play in family life, this summer the AHS is partnering with MIRA Books to sponsor an essay contest. The contest is inspired by the ark your calendar for these upcoming national events publication in May of Susannah’s Garden, a novel by best- Mand programs that are sponsored or cosponsored by selling author Debbie Macomber. In Macomber’s book, the the American Horticultural Society. family garden serves as a place of respite and a symbol of unity and renewal for three generations. • MAY 11 & 12. AHS Garden School: The Art & Science of Col- Readers are invited to write about or in the Garden. Franklin Park Conservatory, Columbus, Ohio. how their own gardens have brought their families together. Submissions • MAY 21. Friends of River Farm Family Picnic. George Wash- should be 100 words or less and will ington’s River Farm, Alexandria, Virginia. be judged on creativity, grammar, and style by representatives of the AHS • JUNE 1. Taste of River Farm. George Washington’s River and MIRA Books. The grand prize is a Farm. Alexandria, Virginia. trip for four to Alexandria, Virginia, • JUNE 2. Great American Gardeners Award Ceremony and that will include guided tours of Mount Banquet. George Washington’s River Farm. Alexandria, Vernon Estate and Gardens, the fami- Virginia. ly home of George Washington, and the AHS’s River Farm headquarters. The winning essay will • JULY 27–29. National Children & Youth Garden Symposium. be published in The American Gardener magazine. St. Louis, Missouri. Hosted by the Missouri Botanical Garden. “Many of us have treasured memories of time spent with family members in our gardens,” says David Ellis, • SEPT. 20–23. Fashion in Bloom (formerly called the East- AHS director of communications. “We are very pleased to ern Performance Trials). George Washington’s River Farm. offer people an opportunity to share their inspirational sto- Alexandria, Virginia. (Open to AHS members and the public ries through this essay contest.” on Saturday, September 23 from 9 a.m. to noon.) The deadline for submitting essay entries is July 31. For complete rules and regulations, and a list of other prizes, • SEPT. 23. AHS Annual Gala. George Washington’s River visit www.ahs.org and click on the link for “Susannah’s Gar- Farm. Alexandria, Virginia. den Essay Contest.”

• OCT. 26 & 27. AHS Garden School: The Art & Science of Garden Photography. Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, Franklin Park Conservatory in Columbus, Ohio. “The Art & Austin, Texas. Science of Garden Photography,” the final Garden School of • DEC. 14. Annual Friends of River Farm Holiday Reception. 2006, will take place October 26 and 27 at the Lady Bird John- George Washington’s River Farm, Alexandria, Virginia. son Wildflower Center in Austin, Texas. For more information on Garden Schools and other AHS education programs, visit For more information about these events, call (800) www.ahs.org or contact [email protected]. 777-7931 or visit the AHS website (www.ahs.org). Western Edition of Public Gardens Book Now Available One of the stars of the sold-out event was River Farm’s own meadow habitat. Peggy’s presentation about the site prepara- THE AHS IS pleased to announce the release of the second of tion, installation, and management of the meadow showed par- its two-volume series, Gardens Across America: Volume II— ticipants just how far this ambitious project has come since it West of the Mississippi. With this book and its companion was initiated in 2003. But the program also brought in a wealth volume for Eastern public gardens, pub- of expert advice from around the region, and included a field lished last August, garden lovers will now study trip to area gardens. have user-friendly access to detailed in- “I really enjoyed the intimacy of the class size and similari- formation about more than 3,000 public ty of experience levels,” says Cheryl Corson, a landscape ar- gardens and arboreta throughout the chitect from Upper Marlboro, Maryland, who attended the United States. The book is organized al- Garden School. “I met some great people and loved the acces- phabetically by state, and destinations are sibility of the speakers during breaks and meals.” also indexed by type—such as Japanese The next AHS Garden School, “The Art & Science of gardens or children’s gardens—to help en- Color in the Garden,” will be held May 11 and 12 at the thusiasts plan their travels and excursions.

10 the American Gardener

Both guides were compiled by John J. Russell and Thomas S. Spencer. Published by Taylor Trade Publishing, the softcover book will retail for $19.95, but AHS members are eligible for a AHS Gala Set for September 23 special discount. Both volumes of the book can be ordered On Saturday, September 23, 2006, the AHS will hold its through the AHS website (www.ahs.org). annual fundraising gala, “America’s Garden Celebration,” at its headquarters at George Washington’s River Farm in AHS Welcomes Lady Walton Alexandria, Virginia. As a special treat, Gala guests will have the chance to preview the best new plants for spring OVER the years, dozens of participants in AHS Travel Study pro- 2007 as the AHS hosts the Garden Centers of America’s grams have visited La Mortella, the beautiful and eclectic garden “Fashion in Bloom” event. of Lady Susana Walton and her late husband, the British com- For additional information on the 2006 Annual Gala, poser Sir William call (800) 777-7931 ext. 114 or e-mail [email protected]. Walton, on the Italian island of Ischia in the Bay of Naples. So it was U.S. Botanic Garden (USBG), in Washington, D.C., and a a treat for the AHS to performance of her husband’s greatest choral work, Belshazzar’s welcome Lady Walton Feast, at the Kennedy Center. to Washington in early During the reception at the USBG, AHS President Katy April. Moss Warner presented Lady Walton with a framed image of Lady Walton’s visit a Geranium maderense that AHS Board Chair Arabella Dane to the nation’s capital had photographed during a Travel Study Program tour of La combined her pas- Mortella. “Lady Walton knows better than almost anyone the sions for gardening strong connection between the fine arts and the art of gar- and classical music. dening,” says Katy. “What fun it was to hear her fascinating— She participated in AHS President Katy Moss Warner, left, and often hilarious—stories about making and living in this several programs, in- presents Lady Walton with a framed beautiful garden.”  cluding visits to photograph of flowers at La Mortella at a Tudor Place and the reception at the U.S. Botanic Garden. News written by Editorial Intern Linda McIntyre. LINDA MCINTYRE “That’s one smart garden!” - Carol F., Greenwood IN Join the 1000’s of gardeners who praise the EarthBox “It’s simply the Easiest Garden Ever Developed!” - Gil Whitton, Host The National Lawn and Garden Show

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Available at fine garden centers nationwide. 2006 ©Monrovia ©Monrovia 14 by LindaMcIntyre New Children’s Garden atMissouriBotanicalGarden T that theDoris I.SchnuckChildren’s Garden: AMissouri Adventure hasopenedatMBG. moting appreciation oftheenvironment, history, andoutdoorlifewillbe especiallyeasyandfunnow ing thegarden enthusiasts.Pro- accessibletobothadultvisitorsandthenextgenerationofhorticultural lar appealtochildren agestwoto 12,with to thestate,from swamptoprairie. that highlightsalloftheecosystems native ing auniquegarden journeyinalandscape played outalongfourpaths,eachprovid- adventure, botany, andsettlementare learning. Its centralthemesofdiscovery, designed forhands-onexplorationand andbotanytolifeonnearlytwoacres tory mother, Missouri his- brings19th-century Donald Schnuck by adonation from thechildren of the The garden wasdesignedforparticu- The Children’s Garden, madepossible the American Gardener 06ASNATIONAL CHILDREN&YOUTHGARDENSYMPOSIUM 2006 AHS HE MISSOURIBOTANICAL GARDEN botanical and plant conservation researchbotanical andplantconservation programs, butitsleadershipisalsocommitted tokeep- family inhonoroftheir Garden. usealotofprops andar- “They Belisle-Iffrig, manageroftheChildren’s generational interaction,”says as theyexplore it together. generations are enjoying garden thenew an emphasisonagesfourto10.But all Symposium. National Children&YouthGarden tour thissummerduringthe AHS children’s gardenwillbeafeatured The MissouriBotanicalGarden’s new “The exhibitsreally encourageinter- “The H ESSPECIAL NEWS AHS C (MBG) inSt. Louisisrenowned internationallyforits Katie also features aSecret Garden andaPolli- Henry Shaw. TheadjacentBotanist’s Path over 100 years ago by MBG founder orange trees (Maclura pomifera) a boardwalk through acanopyofOsage pathways. Visiting kidscanwanderalong tives, are centraltoeachofthegarden niscing abouttheirown childhoods.” their 30s,have foundthemselves remi- younger ones. Even younger adults,in memories thatoldervisitorsshare with promote a senseofbelongingandtrigger tifacts donatedby thecommunitythat Plants, almost allofthemMissouri na- planted

THIS PAGE AND OPPOSITE: COURTESY OF MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN (3) Opposite: Visitors play on the grounded steamboat along the Adventurer’s Path. Above: MBG President Peter Raven with Rachel Downing, winner of the mascot-naming contest, and Children’s Garden mascot, Finn. Right: Children cross one of the garden’s two rope bridges on the Discoverer’s Path. nation Garden with colorful flowers that attract birds, bees, and butterflies. Smooth hydrangeas (Hydrangea arborescens) light up the Woodland Garden at the edge of the Adventurer’s Path. Soft rush (Juncus ef- opening address by MBG President Peter fusus) grows along the Settler’s Path, a Raven, this year’s event will feature country road with a covered bridge, a farm keynote presentations by Richard Louv, wagon, and climbing rock. A variety of author of Last Child in the Woods: Saving native wetland plants grow in the pond our Children from Nature Deficit Disorder, viewed from the Discoverer’s Path. and Caroline Lewis, director of educa- Invasive plants such as purple loose- tion at the Fairchild Tropical Botanical strife (Lythrum salicaria) and kudzu Garden in Coral Gables, Florida. Norm (Pueraria montana var. lobata) grow Lownds of Michigan State University, under lock and key in a plant “jail.” chairman of the AHS’s National Children Outside the jail, endangered Missouri & Youth Garden Symposium Advisory natives grow in a family plot, identified Panel, will moderate a discussion of by headstones. Among these are the east- Louv’s book. Participants will also choose ern fringed prairie orchid (Platanthera from a roster of education sessions and leucophaea), and running buffalo clover enjoy special exhibits at MBG and a visit (Trifolium stoloniferum). to the Shaw Nature Reserve. The Children’s Garden will provide an For more information about the sym- engaging and thought-provoking back- posium and to register to attend, visit the drop for the 2006 AHS National Chil- AHS website (www.ahs.org) or e-mail dren & Youth Garden Symposium, [email protected].  “Cultivating a Sense of Place: A Youth Gardening Adventure,” which will be Linda McIntyre is editorial intern for The hosted by MBG July 27 to 29. After an American Gardener.

May / June 2006 15 16 Roses climbing andrambling C they tendtoput onextraheight. good climbersin hot,sunnyregions where can Rose Society, hybridmuskroses make Steve Jones, vicepresident oftheAmeri- trained asclimbers.And,according to Celebration, discussedonpage 19,canbe roses, such asGoldenor modernshrub billed assuch.For example,someEnglish the Hybrid Teas andFloribundas.” closely related to suchcomplexhybridsas climbingroses aretry…whereas more roses intheir more immediateances- “ramblers have agreater admixture ofwild CharlesQuest-Ritson20), rose says expert Roses ofthe World those ofclimbers.In hisbook, their stemsare often more flexiblethan They canliterallycover buildingsand to bloomonceinlatespringorsummer. Rambling roses, ontheotherhand,tend about eightto15feetonsturdy stems. growing seasonandgrow toaheightof climbers rebloom tosomedegree over the sometimes usedinterchangeably, butmost on page21. cent introductions, are listedinthechart re- of consideration,includingsomevery the garden. Several otherclimbersworthy of goodqualitiesthatmakesthemstarsin disease resistant, andallhave abasketfull around thecountry. Most are hardy and roseommendations from growers expert based onmyown experience aswell asrec- profiled here are thecream ofthecrop, ciously fragrantflowers. archways withbeautifulandoftenlus- adorning pillarsandposts,arbors, Not allroses suitedforclimbingare The terms“climber” and“rambler” are The 10climbingandramblingroses the American Gardener LIMBING AND den, tumblingfrom trees or are wondrously usefulinthegar- (see “Resources,” page rambling roses Climbing proportioned ramblerfromproportioned early 19thcentury, bred thisgraciously who worked fortheDuc d’Orléans inthe Antoine Jacques, aFrench horticulturist Zones 10–5) (USDA Hardiness Zones 5–10,AHSHeat ing alongleafy canesthathangdown for acascadeof exquisite flowers bloom- virens ‘A creating romanticvignettesinyourgarden. Here are10beguilingclimbingandramblingrosesidealfor DÉLA ‘Adélaïde d’Orléans’ ‘Adélaïde d’Orléans’ stock in1826.Its laxformallows ï ED DE ’O RLÉANS ’ Rosa semper- grow, andthoughit’s aonce-blooming species make‘Adélaïde d’Orléans’ easyto a delicaterose scent. ples, withpleasinglycrinkled petalsand blossoms, resembling thoseofcrabap- opening assoft,palewhite,semi-double begin assmall,rosy-pink budsbefore trellises, andwalls. Theroses themselves gracefully from trees, arches, pergolas, The vigorandhealthofthe parent BY JEFFCOX

COURTESY OF DAVID AUSTIN ROSES rose, that bloom is eagerly anticipated each summer by its aficionados. Unlike many roses, its foliage is nicely shaped and pretty. The grace of form is due to its slen- der canes, which bear reddish thorns. It’s deciduous in the colder parts of its grow- ing region but evergreen in warmer areas.

‘MLLE. CÉCILE BRUNNER’ (Climbing) (Zones 5–9, 9–1) The climbing sport of the “sweetheart rose,” as ‘Mlle. Cécile Brunner’ is also known, is so vigorous it acts like a rambler, scampering to 25 feet up into trees and burying small outbuildings under bushels of tiny, pointed pink buds and puffy little pink, fragrant, and fully-blown double roses. The foliage tends to be sparse along its green, almost thornless stems. Planted in a warm, sunny spot, it will produce two main flushes of bloom in early summer and then flower sporadically into fall. Climbing ‘Mlle. Cécile Brunner’ dates back to 1894 and its parentage is murky. Many rosarians classify it as a type of mul- tiflora rose, but English rose breeder Peter Beales places it in the China rose camp. No matter what its heritage, it’s an ideal choice for a large spot and has a long-lived nature that will carry it down a generation ‘Mlle.‘Mlle. CécileCécile Brunner’Brunner’ of gardeners or two.

‘CLIMBING ICEBERG’ (Zones 5–9, 9–5) Looking up at an arbor at his Garden Valley Ranch in Petaluma, California, Ray Reddell marveled at the masses of pure white roses cascading downward. “It’s ‘Climbing Iceberg’,” he said to me, “and it’s a blooming fool.” Reddell, one of the country’s top rosarians, wasn’t kid- ding. Botanica’s Roses calls the shrub form of ‘Iceberg’ “a unique variety that is head and shoulders above its peers…all in all, it is one of the best roses produced in the 20th century.” Introduced in 1968, the climbing sport has all of the qualities of the shrub, a floribunda rose, with the added ability to extend its nearly thornless stems to 18 feet, making it perfect for adorning a pil- lar, post, arbor, archway, trellis, or pergo- la. Its pure white, semi-double flowers, which appear in large clusters, give a cooling effect in the garden on hot sum- mer days. It blooms prodigiously from late spring to fall. Rain doesn’t ruin its ‘Climbing‘Climbing Iceberg’Iceberg’

TOP: COURTESY OF DAVID AUSTIN ROSES. BOTTOM: MICHAEL S. THOMPSON blooms, and the plant is sturdy and rea-

May / June 2006 17 18 ‘Dublin Bay’ ‘Dublin Bay’ ‘D with humidsummers. sonably diseaseresistant except inregions and however you trainthem,they pro- They grow up to 10feetinsunnyspots, and theyoung thorny. onesare notvery year.in thenew in January of2006,helpingmewelcome California, produced thelastrose of2005 I grow inapotonmydeck northern June toOctober. My ‘Dublin Bay’, which duces flowers singlyandinclusters from sun, goodsoil,andadequatewater, itpro- and againover theyear. Given enough ities isitsdeterminationtobloomagain needs spraying.Andaddingtothosequal- and mildew, whichmeansitseldomifever ‘Dublin Bay’ isitsresistance toblackspot troduced in 1975. pink-flowered Bay’, ‘Bantry itwasin- ing single,deepcrimsonflowers—and a large-flowered modernclimberbear- speak of. Across between ‘Altissimo’— other thanthatithasnodrawbacksto books, ‘Dublin Bay’ isnotfragrant,but Despite whatyou may read insomerose UBLIN The canesare pliableandeasilytrained, Chief amongthegoodqualitiesof the American Gardener B AY ’ (Zone 5–9,9–5) section ofthe United States,” saysJohn decade, andit’s aneye catcher inevery best garden rose introduced inthelast award foraclimberin23years. when introduced in1999—thefirstsuch won theAll-AmericaRose Selection ‘Fourth ofJuly’, arose sogorgeousthatit the twoand—kaboom!—theresult was head hybridizer atWeeks Roses, crossed terns. In the1990s,Tom the Carruth, white andcreamy yellow insunburstpat- son semi-doubleroses streaked with ‘Roller Coaster’, aminiature withcrim- of theparents of ‘Dublin Bay’—and with twochoiceroses: ‘Altissimo’—one velous climber ‘Fourth ofJuly’ begins ofthemar- behindthebirth The story ‘F ‘Don Juan’ page21). (seechart, double, climbingrose, Isuggesttrying ly musthave goodfragranceinadeepred, red-flowered climber, butifyou absolute- set offthebrightred roses. foliage isaglossydark green—just rightto selves andtheirflowers toadvantage. The duce enoughsideshootstodisplaythem- UT OF OURTH “‘Fourth ofJuly’, inmyopinion,isthe ‘Dublin Bay’ isthebestchoicefora J ULY ’ (Zones 5–9,9–1) ‘Fourth ofJuly’ ‘Fourth ofJuly’ Versatility isthegreat ad- horticultural ‘F ately resistant to fungal diseases. effect. Thedeepgreen foliageismoder- golden stamensthataddtothefirework inch flower iscentered withaclutchof of whitestripes.Eachfour-and-a-half- color petals,streaked withradiatingbursts closely-packed clustersofvelvety-red bi- the growing season. to 15feet,bloomingrepeatedly during judge. Its floriferous canesreach very 12 Mattia, anAll-America Rose Selections RANCIS ‘Francis E.Lester’ ‘Francis E.Lester’ Its sweetly apple-scentedroses openin E. L ESTER ’ (Zones 4–9, 9–4)

TOP LEFT: JERRY PAVIA; TOP RIGHT: SAXON HOLT. BOTTOM: COURTESY OF DAVID AUSTIN ROSES vantage of this superb rambler, intro- duced in 1946, whose thorny canes grow to 15 to 20 feet. These are ideal for posi- MAINTAINING CLIMBERS AND RAMBLERS IN THE GARDEN tioning along fences or semi-horizontal- Climbers tend to have vigorous canes that, when they reach the top of an arch or ly on trellising, where sunlight will call arbor, want to keep growing straight up—which makes it hard to enjoy the flow- forth massive panicles of up to 60 white- ers from ground level. Climbing hybrid tea roses are especially set on verticality. brushed-with-pink, single blooms. The If you bend them over and tie them along the horizontal supports atop an arbor, individual blossoms are about two inch- they will grow laterals that will be very floriferous later on. es across, and the panicles resemble big clusters of apple blossoms. A strong Directing Growth. You can stimulate bloom up the sides of the arbor posts by stag- musky (some rosarians say fruity) fra- gering the height of young canes when pruning. To do this, cut weak, one-year grance is another asset. canes back to 18 to 24 inches; a slightly stronger one-year cane to about three ‘Francis E. Lester’ is a hardy, disease re- feet, and a more vigorous one- or two-year cane to about four feet. Allow vigorous sistant, vigorous grower. Its only downside older canes to reach the top and form the horizontal stems. All the canes will put is that it is generally a once-blooming rose. out new floriferous growth from just above ground level to the top of the arbor. But the floral show it puts on in late spring The flexible canes of most ramblers bend over the top of an arbor and hang to early summer is worth the wait. The down, making their blooms more visible from below. Their laterals are also more display value is heightened if it’s grown up lax. Because hardly any ramblers are rebloomers, however, you’ll have to admire into trees, allowing its pliable shoots to them for their single yearly show. For a longer period of bloom, plant a climbing arch and dangle downward in cascades of rose on the opposite side of an arbor from a rambler. bloom. Big sprays of large, attractive or- Climbing and rambling roses don’t climb using tendrils or hooks, so you have to ange hips adorn the rambling canes right tie them in place. Avoid using wire, because it can cut into the canes as they move through the winter. with the wind. Instead, use green plastic tying ribbon, twine, or strips of cloth. If you don’t want attachments to be visible, place eye hooks here and there at the top of GOLDEN CELEBRATION the arbor posts, then hang loops of fishing line that reach varying distances down (Zones 5–9, 9–5) the posts. As the roses grow, attach them to the loops with the ties. English rose breeder David Austin intro- duced Golden Celebration (‘Ausgold’) in General Care. As with all roses, climbers and ramblers will grow best in a loamy, 1993, and in the United Kingdom it is gen- free-draining soil with a pH that is slightly acidic (6 to 7). Although a couple of erally treated as a modern shrub rose and the roses profiled will tolerate some shade, all grow best in full sun (at least eight hours a day). Roses are heavy feeders, so apply a balanced slow release or organic fertilizer con- taining micronutrients in early spring. Supplement with “teas” made of well-rotted manure, compost, and fish emulsions regularly during the growing season. Apply a layer of organic mulch around roses to conserve soil moisture and suppress weeds. Reblooming varieties flower on new wood and should be pruned back hard when dormant to stimulate new floriferous growth. Once-blooming roses like ram- blers should be pruned immediately after bloom ends so new wood has time to grow and harden over the rest of the growing season. Next year’s bloom will ap- pear from this growth, so don’t prune a once-bloomer when dormant or you’ll re- move the buds that will produce flowers. —J.C.

ticularly because its blooms repeat from enjoy its strong, delicious scent. early summer into fall. Golden Celebration is moderately dis- But that’s just the beginning of this ease resistant but may show signs of black Golden Celebration rose’s charms. Walk up close to this spot in regions with humid summers. climber and take note of the intricate way grown in mixed borders. But in regions of in which the flowers are formed. From ‘NEW DAWN’ (Zones 5–9, 9–5) the United States where summers are yellow buds with a reddish blush, fully No list of superb climbers would be com- warmer and sunlight is stronger than in double flowers open with several rings of plete without ‘New Dawn’. Introduced Britain, it also performs nicely as a climber petals extending out to create a flat back- in 1903, it has stood the test of time. The that can reach 10 feet and is an excellent ground for an inner circle of small, World Federation of Rose Societies choice for the smaller garden. The rich creased petals that form a cup. When named it the “World’s Favorite Rose” in golden color of the flowers reaches out for fully open, its roses are among the most 1997 and elected it to the World Rose the eye, so it’s a perfect choice when look- beautifully formed of any you’ll see. Hall of Fame. All of this with good rea-

COURTESY OF DAVID AUSTIN ROSES ing for a plant to anchor a focal point, par- Then bring your nose to a blossom and son. I planted a specimen by my garden

May / June 2006 19 Resources American Rose Society, P.O. Box 30,000, Shreveport, LA 71103. (318) 938-5402. www.ars.org.

Climbing Roses of the World by Charles Quest-Ritson, Timber Press, Portland, Oregon, 2003.

The Encyclopedia of Roses by Ju- dith C. McKeon, Rodale Press, Emmaus, Pennsylvania, 1995.

Taylor’s Guide to Roses by Nancy J. Ondra, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, Massachusetts, 2001. ‘New‘New Dawn’Dawn’

Sources fence and within two years it had filled Eastern climates where roses are also The Antique Rose Emporium, Bren- an area of the fence 20 feet wide and known as “black spot on a stick.” Its har- ham, TX. (800) 441-0002. seven feet high. diness makes it exceptionally useful in the www.antiqueroseemporium.com. Some flowers are produced in small northern tier of states but it also performs Catalog free. clusters and some as single roses atop short beautifully in warmer regions. stems that grow from pliable canes, al- David Austin Roses Limited, Tyler, lowing the gardener to tie it out at any ‘PAUL’S HIMALAYAN MUSK’ TX. (903) 526-1800. www.david angle from horizontal to vertical, or even (Zone 5–9, 9–6) austinroses.com. Catalog free. peg it English-style. It repeat blooms pro- Introduced in 1916, this is a true ram- fusely and benefits from some thinning bling rose, but one that’s oddly named Heirloom Roses, Inc., St. Paul, OR. and deadheading during the season from because it doesn’t look much like the true (503) 538-1576. www.heirloom June to October. The roses are double, Himalayan musk rose (R. moschata var. roses.com. Catalog free. soft shell pink, and lightly fragrant, with a nepalensis)—although it’s probably relat- scent some growers describe as sweet and ed in some way. Like most rambling High Country Roses, Jensen, UT. others as slightly fruity. roses, it’s a once-bloomer—in July (800) 552-2082. www.high The foliage is glossy dark green and through most of its hardiness zone range, countryroses.com. Catalog free. disease resistant, a real plus in hot, humid but in June in USDA Zone 9. This is a rose that will Hortico Nurseries Inc., Waterdown, cover a good 40 feet of fence Ontario, Canada. (905) 689-6984. if its 20-foot canes are trained www.hortico.com. Catalog $3. left and right from where it’s planted. If you’re looking for Roses of Yesterday and Today, Wat- a rose to grow up in a tree so sonville, CA. (831) 728-1901. that its long, graceful, florif- www.rosesofyesterday.com. erous stems tumble down- Catalog $5. ward, ‘Paul’s Himalayan Musk’ is a great candidate. Wayside Gardens, Hodges, SC. Not only does it produce lax (800) 213-0379. www.wayside stems that cascade, but its gardens.com. Catalog free. flower clusters droop, shining their faces down upon whomever is looking up at them. The small, slightly ‘Paul’s‘Paul’s HimalayanHimalayan Musk’Musk’ musk-scented, double roses

are pale silvery lilac-pink. SUSAN A. ROTH (2)

20 the American Gardener MORE CLIMBERS TO COVET Name Type of rose Height Flowers Other remarks USDA Zones, (Breeder, year) (feet) AHS Zones

‘Don Juan’ Large-flowered 8–12 large, deep burgundy sweetly fragrant 5–9, 9–1 (Jackson & Perkins, 1958) climber red ‘Mme. Alfred Carrière’ Noisette 12–18 large, double creamy very fragrant 5–9, 9–5 (Schwartz, 1879) white tinged pink tolerates part shade Polka (‘Meitosier’) Romantica 8–10 dark apricot fading fragrant and long 5–9, 9–5 (Meilland, 1991) as mature blooming ‘Sombreuil’ Climbing tea 9–12 large, creamy white strongly fragrant 4–9, 9–3 (Robert, 1850) with tinge of pink St. Swithin (’Auswith’) English 6–8 double soft pink strong myrrh fragrance 5–9, 9–1 (David Austin, 1993) full flowers White Eden™ (‘Meiviolinsar’) Romantica 10–12 white tinged pink lightly fragrant 5–9, 9–5 (Meilland, 2006) ‘William Baffin’ Shrub 8–12 double, pink with very hardy and 3–9, 9–1 (Svejda, 1983) white markings disease-resistant ‘Zéphirine Drouhin’ Bourbon 8–12 rosy pink, fragrant tolerates part shade, thorn- 5–9, 9–5 (Bizot, 1868) less, crimson new leaves

Planted in 2000, the yellow-flowered vari- ety of Lady Banks rose has now colonized 20 feet of a wall at the American Horticultural Society’s River Farm headquarters. “It’s a fabulous rose if you have the space for it,” says AHS Horticulturist Peggy Bowers. “In my experience, it has proven resistant to fun- gal diseases both in Charleston, South Car- olina and here in Virginia.”

golden sunshine. Out of bloom, it’s a massive mound of tall, impenetrable, bushy greenery resistant to dis- eases. That makes it good for covering banks, slopes, and eyesores, as well as edg- ing property. LadyLady BanksBanks roserose Some say that the yel- low variety is fragrant, but my specimen has no scent that I can discern. Steve ROSA BANKSIAE (Zones 8–10, 10–8) when it bursts into golden bloom. The Jones concurs, but says the flowers of the Derived from a wild rose discovered in sight can be awe-inspiring, because this white variety (R. banksiae var. banksiae) China, the “Lady Banks” rose, as it’s com- vigorous, thornless rose grows to 30 feet are strongly violet-scented. According to monly known, has been grown in Western or more. It makes a huge mound of Jones, the world’s largest rose is a white gardens since the late 18th century. Of the bright, pale gold, small, double flowers Lady Banks in Tombstone, Arizona, that three selections of this rambler in cultiva- that literally smother the pretty, five- is “as big as a football field.”  tion, the hardiest and most popular is a leaved foliage and slender, arching stems double-flowered yellow variety (R. banksi- while in bloom. Jeff Cox is the author of several gardening ae var. lutea, syn. R. banksiae ‘Lutea’). I have seen it planted along several miles books, including Landscaping with Roses In warmer regions, this variety is a fa- of highway, making the drive seem like (The Taunton Press, 2002). He lives in Ken-

MARY YEE (2) miliar and welcome sight in mid-spring tunneling through a happy corridor of wood, California.

May / June 2006 21 22 Inspired GardenArt inspire you. Here are some takes time,reflection, andconfidence. garden withsoulismore difficult—it tifully-designed garden. Infusing your fessional sketch,plan,andinstallabeau- and senseofplace.It’s easytohave a pro- and your sense ofstyle,humor, proudly displayed. an eccentriccollectionofestatesalefinds corner, or plantsupports, orhand-hewn it’s astilllifecomposedinquiet,shady air ofthehandmadeaboutthem.Maybe favorites are alwaystheonesthathave the visit gardens ontoursandopendays,my unify andcompleteadesign.But whenI makes astunningfocalpointthatcan timeyou lookatit,isthebestkind. every in your mind made, orthattriggersastory ornament, andornamentthatyou’ve and topiaries.Anygarden isenhancedby be displayed inaformalsettingoflawn wealthy, landedcollectors,anditneednot tion. Garden isnot justformuseumsor art that springtolifefrom your own imagina- foundobjects,orworks art, of art—fine ton, D.C.,garden intoawork ofart. process oftransforming hersmallWashing- The AmericanGardener whoisinthe Linda McIntyre for isaneditorialintern C BY LINDAMCINTYRE the gardener. individuality andsoulof garden artexpressesthe Beyond embellishment, In shouldreflect anycase,theart you A singlesculpture inahomegarden the American Gardener serve asabackdrop tootherkinds serve form,butagardenart canalso REATING A objets and otherideasto garden isitselfan  low-growing plants withintriguingshapesandinviting visitorstotakeacloser look. and handmadestepping stonesinabedofgravel worktogether,settingoffacollection of materials tomakeastrongvisual statement.Brokencrockery,tiles,paintedmetalgrillwork, This inlaidgardenpath,viewed fromthesidewalkinBerkeley,California,usesavarietyof

DAVID CAVAGNARO TOP: LYNNE HARRISON. BOTTOM: ALLAN MANDELL in asmallspace. irises nearby,givesafeelingofdepth flowers inthepainting,andpurple State. Theinterplaybetweenthe Bainbridge IslandinWashington quiet corneroftheirgardenon hangs onanivy-coveredfenceina rendered onlightweightconcrete, sensibility. Thispaintingoflilies, Lewis isfamousforitsartistic designers GeorgeLittleandDavid The gardenofPacificNorthwest Escallonia Wagner, anartist,fromalarge cultural sculpturewascreatedby or formal.The10-foot-highhorti- design that’sanythingbuttraditional brings theconcepttovividlifewitha Nani WaddoupsinPortland,Oregon, former gardenofRonWagnerand garden accent,butthistopiaryinthe A “greenman”plaqueisapopular light “eyes”forHalloween. flowers behindhisearorblinkingred sorts, occasionally“decorated”with become aneighborhoodmascotof native toSouthAmerica.Ithas —an evergreenshrub May /June 2006 23 24 and exotic,naturalornamental, atthesametime. vernacular materialinnortheast Iowa.Theeffectisclassical Andy Goldsworthy,Leedry-laid thelimestone,whichisa limestone cairn.Inspiredbytheworkofenvironmentalartist owns WillowglenPerennialNurseryinDecorah,Iowa,builtthis Right: LandscapedesignerandartistLindsayLee,whoalso long wallmadeofthesamematerialasarch. features twopondsandarockgardenaswell100-foot- well totheMediterraneanfeelofgarden,whichalso year period,spendingonlyabout$60.Thepiecelendsitself Venezuela. Hebuiltthemoutofbrokenconcreteoveratwo- Oregon, homeownerinspiredbyavisittobotanicalgardenin Above: These“ruins”weredesignedandbuiltbyaPortland, the American Gardener

TOP: RICK WETHERBEE. BOTTOM: DAVID CAVAGNARO TOP LEFT: MICHAEL S. THOMPSON; BOTTOM LEFT AND RIGHT: MARK TURNER plants, andamodeltrainthatrunsthroughout. a picnictablewithplacesettingsarrangedaroundpotted features atreehouse,watergardeninwheelbarrow, family, includinghergrandchildren.Thegardenalso Oregon, whichisregularlyenjoyedbyherfriendsand right athomeinherwhimsicalgardenPortland, terra cottapots,wascreatedbyJeanetteDaletasandis Left: Thischarmingcaterpillar,madeofpartiallynested interest inhandmadelocalpieces. in thisart-filledgardenandreflects thegardeners’ new lifetooldmetal.Thelotus flower isafocalpoint Blumenstein, asculptorwhospecializes inbringing Morgantown, WestVirginia.ItwascreatedbyMark waterfall inthegardenofRobertandJudithStitzel recycled tools,isaclevercompaniontopondand but this“flower,”madeofshovelheadsandother Left: Alotusflowerisacommonsightingardenpond, sculpture lightensthemoodofthiswoodlandgarden. with ahostofcolorfulannualsandperennials,the of astylizedsculpturefamilyowls.Together Washington, gardenofJackandJudyBoxxintheform Above: AnoldloghasfoundnewlifeintheBellingham, May /June 2006 25 Evergreen Shrubs broadleafed andbrilliant 26 evergreens aretoughtobeat. For maximumversatilityinlandscapinggardensbothlargeandsmall,thesemid-size the American Gardener The fragrantspring flowersof cerasus B eted thisspeciestostardom. pink flowers about15years agothatrock- rosy-hued leavesforms sporting and hot China in1880,itwastheappearance of introduced towestern cultivation from green-leaved, white-flowering specieswas family (Hamamelidaceae). Althoughthe petals, pegitasamemberofthewitchhazel their thin,twisted,whiteorhotpink lea, butatcloserangetheflowers, with in fullbloommaybemistakenforanaza- Zones 9–7).From adistance,specimen USDA Hardiness Zones 7–9,AHSHeat fringe flower (Loropetalum chinense, for theAmericanSoutheast isChinese One ofthemostversatile evergreen shrubs LARGE BLOOMING other regions ofthecountry. recommendations for from plantexperts lowing are someofmyfavorites aswell as garden inHuntsville, Alabama.Thefol- A numberofmid-size evergreens gracemy play seasonallyattractive flowers andfruit. round dis- foliage,several oftheseshrubs fetching specimens. into mixed borders, andmanymake effective aloneinmassesorintegrated to blockunwelcomeTheycanbe views. year-round screens—either forprivacy or drops forseasonalfloraldisplays,and hedges, back- ideal boundary-defining the foundationofyour house,theymake large andsmallgardens. Beyond framing In additiontotheir attractive year- are followedbyred cherrylikefruit. multitude offunctionsinboth a the five- to12-footrangeserve ROADLEAF BY CAROLBISHOPMILLER evergreen in shrubs Prunus lauro- Prunus

SUSAN A. ROTH A bewildering number of selec- tractive flaking bark. Compact se- tions have pelted the market. One lections, however, require only oc- that stands out in the crowd, how- casional light pruning to maintain ever, is L. chinense var. rubrum fullness and fit tidily into most bor- ‘Zhuzhou Fuchsia’, a vigorous der or foundation plantings. grower to 10 feet or more with a dis- Though drought-tolerant once tinctive upright habit. Its dark ma- established, loropetalums grow best roon leaves contrast stunningly in moist, well-drained, acid soil with the neon pink flowers that, with a high organic content. They like other loropetalums, grace the are content in either sun or shade, plant profusely in spring and spo- but flowering and leaf color are radically thereafter. ‘Hine’s Purple stronger in sun. Leaf’ (also sold as Plum Delight), a Despite their common name, less-vigorous selection with similar anise trees (Illicium spp.) serve coloration, is a good choice for southeastern gardeners as large smaller gardens. shrubs rather than trees. On the For the past eight years, I have Huntsville Botanical Garden’s na- babied a standard of the cultivar ture trail, which runs through low ‘Sizzlin’ Pink’. At first, this flam- woods along a creek, Florida anise boyant lollipop grew in a pot, and tree (Illicium floridanum, Zones I brought it into the garage when- 7–9, 9–4) provides dense cover for ever the thermometer threatened to wildlife and screening from the rest plunge below 20 degrees Fahrenheit. The spidery blooms of Illicium floridanum of the garden. Rare in the wild, the species Then I planted it in the ground and have ‘Halley’s Comet’ appear from late spring to fall. is native to the Gulf Coastal Plain from gradually trusted it to colder weather; now Louisiana to the Florida Panhandle. It fa- I cover it or wrap the precious single trunk purple, then mature to medium green. vors moist to wet organic soil and shade only when temperatures are expected to “The biggest problem with loro- and can reach 10 feet or more with a near- dip below 10 degrees. In April, it is topped petalums is that they grow bigger than peo- ly equal spread. In a dry site, the sleek, with a mop of frizzy fuchsia flowers. It ple think they will,” observes Harvey leathery, two- to six-inch leaves droop; in grows fast, requiring several haircuts a Cotten, chief operating officer of the sun they bleach out. year, and continues to bloom in light Huntsville Botanical Garden and past The plant exudes a fragrance that has flushes into December. Without con- president of the Alabama Nursery and been described as a mixture of turpentine straint, it would grow six feet high and at Landscape Association. Loropetalums take and spice. I enjoy the scent, but I’m told least as wide, with gracefully layered well to pruning, and Cotten likes them that deer don’t. Dark red, spidery flowers branches. New leaves are flushed reddish pruned into tree form to reveal their at- appear in April and May. The selection ‘Halley’s Comet’ blooms into fall. ‘Alba’ and ‘Semmes’ are white-flowered selec- tions. There are several pink-flowered and variegated forms in the trade, in- cluding ‘Shady Lady’ with pale pink flowers and leaves irregularly edged in white. When cross-pollination between different seed lines occurs, flowers are fol- lowed by single-seeded pods clasped to- gether into woody pinwheels. Woody plant expert Michael Dirr con- siders Illicium henryi (Zones 7–9, 9–2) the aristocrat of Illicium species. A Georgia Gold Medal Winner, this Chinese shrub produces glossy, thick, dark green leaves and develops a pyramidal profile, topping out at eight feet or more. The small pink to crimson spring flowers resemble small magnolia blossoms. The plant thrives in heavy shade but tolerates sun if provided With its burgundy leaves and hot pink, late-spring and early-summer blooms, Loropetalum ample moisture. (For more illiciums and

TOP: SUSAN A. ROTH. BOTTOM: JERRY PAVIA chinense var. rubrum ‘Hine’s Purple Leaf’ provides a bold accent in a mixed border. other selections, see chart, page 29.)

May / June 2006 27 28 evergreen only inUSDAZones 7and8; leaves thatsparkle inthesun.It isreliably feet andsmall,ultra-glossy, dark green compact, rounded profile tofive by eight (Zones 5–8,8–1),isdistinguishedby its duction, enly springlikevisioninlatewinter. of rosy-flowered hellebores, makesaheav- four tosixfeettall,and,fronted by awave cultivar ‘Spring Bouquet’ reaches only growthin fallsonew hardens off. The spray. Withhold anddon’t fertilizer prune in eithersunorshadeandistolerantofsalt allowing forbettercross pollination. eral plantsofdifferent seedlinesare grown, isbestwhensev- most viburnums,fruiting matures toblue-blackfollows. Aswith fragrant flowers. Metallic that bluefruit buds thatunfurltowaxy, white,vaguely red stemsare tippedwithcymes of rosy from fallthrough early spring,thewine- blooms dense, dark, six-to12-footshrub round. Depending on theclimate,this Zones 8–10,10–8)look daisy-fresh year (Viburnumleaves tinus, oflaurustinus are exceptions. Theslick,slightlycrinkled their depressingly droopy leaves, butthere dog inwinterIwishthey’d goonanddrop Some evergreen viburnumslooksohang- VIBURNUMS OFMERIT A U.S.National Arboretum intro- makesaneffective screenLaurustinus the American Gardener Viburnum ✕ burkwoodii ‘Conoy’ is agoodchoice fornaturalisticgardens. Native toeastern NorthAmerica, suggests Dan Hinkley ofHeronswood Nursery, thatturnblackinfall. fruits late summerby cymesofdanglingred Spring’s creamy flowers are replaced in oomph tostandaloneasaspecimen. it makesaneye-catching hedge,ithasthe in colderclimatesitisdeciduous.While heterophyllus fulfills awidevarietyofrolesinthelandscape.Above:Thedenseandcompact Left: Withitsspringtimeflowersandcompact,roundedhabit, For gardeners inthePacific Northwest, Viburnum cylindricum ‘Goshiki’ makesacolorfulbarrierhedgeorfoundationshrub. Ilex glabra Ilex (Zones followed inautumn. by blue-blackfruit white flowers bloominclustersspring, are coatedwithagray, waxycovering; low informalhedge.” Its eight-inchleaves to15feetovershrub time,andisidealfora and hardy species…thatwillformadense 6–8, 7–1).Hinkley saysitis“a handsome overcoming thelegginess.Numerous goalongway towarddiligent pruning although anacidsoil,adequate water, and been problematic inmore formalsettings, and issuperbinanaturalisticplanting. cally boggyground ineithersunorshade isaninspiredInkberry choiceforchroni- male plantsmaypersistover winter. onfe- drupes bees, andtheblack,berrylike lies. Thesmall,late-springflowers attract zomes ina mannerunlikemostotherhol- 10-foot stemsfrom thick,tuberous rhi- fire, andthusgives risetomultiplefive- to adapted tohabitatsperiodicallyravaged by plain from Nova ScotiatoTexas, itis and billow outabove. the stemsbunchtogetheratbottom two-inch leaves andabouquetlikehabit— hollies, withcomparatively thin,one-to a softer, airierlookthanotherevergreen Inkberry HOLLIES TRUE ANDFALSE Its tendency todrop itslower leaves has Native tothepinewoodsofcoastal (Ilex glabra, Viburnum Viburnum Zones 5–9,9–3)has ✕ burkwoodii Osmanthus ‘Conoy’

TOP LEFT: SUSAN A. ROTH; TOP RIGHT; JERRY PAVIA. BOTTOM: LINDA MCINTYRE MORE BROADLEAF EVERGREENS

Name Height/ Notes/Use Native USDA, AHS Width (ft.) range Zones Aucuba japonica 6–10/5–8 large lustrous leaves, bright red Japan 6–10, 12–6 (Japanese laurel) fruit on females, variegated varieties, requires shade/border or hedge Buxus ‘Green Mountain’ 5/3 upright, pyramidal habit/ garden origin 6–9, 9–6 (boxwood) foundation or hedge Camellia sinensis 4–6/4–6 best for part shade, pink or white China 6–9, 9–6 (tea plant) flowers, drought tolerant after established/ specimen or shrub border Cercocarpus ledifolius 6–15/6–12 glossy green foliage, decorative mountains of 4–9, 10–4 (Curl-leaf mahogany) seedheads in summer, drought U.S West tolerant/specimen, shrub border Grevillea victoriae 6/6 attracts hummingbirds, gray-green Australia 8–11, 11–8 (Grevillea) foliage, fast growing, drought tolerant/ specimen or shrub border Ilex ✕meserveae ‘Blue Princess’ 10/10 glossy, spiny, blue-green foliage, garden origin 5–9, 9–5 (Meserve hybrid holly) bright red fruit/foundation or hedge Illicium anisatum 10–15/5 broadly pyramidal, greenish white flowers Japan, China, 7–9, 9–7 (Japanese anise tree) in spring/ hedge, screen, foundation Taiwan Illicium parviflorum 8–12/4–8 smallish yellow summer flowers Georgia to 7–9, 9–6 (Yellow anise) thrives in moist sites in part shade/border. Florida Cultivar ‘Forest Green’ has darker, glossier foliage Morella caroliniensis 7–12/8–10 deep green, evergreen or semi-evergreen eastern 6–9, 9–5 syn.Myrica heterophylla foliage, waxy gray-white fruits, tolerates U.S. (Swamp bayberry) wet soil/ screen, shrub border Pieris floribunda 6/6–10 rounded form, dark green foliage, fragrant southeastern 5–8, 8–5 (fetterbush) white spring flowers/shrub border, massing U.S. Pieris japonica 9–12/6–8 leaves emerge pink to bronze, mature to Japan, China, 6–8, 8–6 (Japanese andromeda) dark green, pendulous spring flowers/ Taiwan specimen, shrub border, massing Rhaphiolepis umbellata 5/5 dark green leaves, white spring flowers, Korea, Japan 8–11, 12–8 (Indian hawthorn) tolerates wind and salt/massing, hedge compact selections have been introduced 9–7) in my yard is routinely mistaken cultivate even this sinister nine-foot-tall in a further effort to address this perceived for a variegated holly. The leaves of hol- creature. A Japanese member of the olive defect. ‘Nigra’, a female clone with dense- lies, I like to point out, are arranged al- family, O. heterophyllus is easy to grow in ly packed, dark green leaves, and Nordic® ternately on the stem, while those of the most wel- drained soils and seems to per- (‘Chamzin’), a compact male, are two of tea olives or false hollies are opposite form best in sites where it gets some the best for use as a low hedge or founda- one another. On my showy but slow- shade from afternoon sun. tion planting. Claire Sawyers, director of growing ‘Goshiki’, which may someday “Our area can be pretty rough in the the Scott Arboretum in Swarthmore, reach the predicted six to eight feet, the winter,” says John Fech, extension educa- Pennsylvania, likes the selection ‘Densa’, new leaves are flushed rose and copper, tor at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln. which she considers “a subtle workhorse while mature growth is splashed green, “The fluctuations of cold and warm tem- to hide many blemishes in landscapes.” It cream, and yellow. peratures that happen in a relatively short is a Pennsylvania Horticultural Society The dark green, evil-looking cultivar period of time…causes most broadleaf Gold Medal winner that tolerates sun, ‘Sasaba’ has such wickedly spiny leaves evergreens to desiccate.” One of Fech’s fa- shade, heat, and drought while maintain- that Dirr calls it “a plant handler’s worst vorites that tolerates such rigors is Oregon ing a dense, compact habit. nightmare.” But the small white flowers grapeholly (Mahonia aquifolium, Zones With its tough, spiny leaves, Osman- clustered in the leaf axils in fall are di- 5–9, 9–3), a native of western North thus heterophyllus ‘Goshiki’ (Zones 7–9, vinely fragrant and are reason enough to America with a slowly spreading, some-

May / June 2006 29 Sources EVERGREENS WITH WANDERLUST Fairweather Gardens, Greenwich, I dearly love nandinas (Nandina domestica, Zones 6–11, 12–4). No other broadleaf NJ. (856) 451-6261. www.fair evergreen shrub brings such a blaze of color with both leaf and fruit to the winter weathergardens.com. Catalog $5. garden. I’m also fond of the boldly spiny leaves, fragrant, lemon-yellow winter flow- ers, and frosty blue fruit of leatherleaf mahonia (Mahonia japonica ‘Bealei’ and Greer Gardens, Eugene, OR. (541) close kin, Zones 7–9, 9–7). But for 686-8266. www.greergardens. years I’ve noticed that, when I go hiking com. Catalog free. in the woods, I often run across these two non-natives, apparently spread by Heronswood Nursery Ltd., Kingston, birds that relish the fruits. WA. (360) 297-4172. Harvey Cotten of the Huntsville www.heronswood.com. Catalog $5. Botanical Garden in Alabama notes the irony of this situation: “Here we are Klehm’s Song Sparrow Nursery, Aval- planting these species in part to attract on, WI (800) 553-3715. www.song wildlife to our gardens, and we have sparrow.com. Catalog free. the consequence that the plants es- cape into the wild.” While Cotten Roslyn Nursery, Dix Hills, NY. (631) doesn’t believe that nandinas and ma- 643-9347. www.roslynnursery. honias are displacing native commu- com. Catalog $3. nities—at least in the middle part of the Southeast—he feels it is cause for Woodlanders, Inc., Aiken, SC. (803) concern that they “are showing up in 648-7522. www.woodlanders.net. places where they were not intention- Catalog $4. ally planted by people.” According to Nandina domestica has spread into wild the Southeast Exotic Pest Council, areas in parts of the Southeast. both genera have found their way onto Resources lists of invasive exotic pests and nox- Manual of Woody Landscape Plants ious weeds compiled by organizations in several southeastern states. “In- by Michael A. Dirr. Stipes Publish- creasingly, from the perspective of the green industry, one of our challenges is ing, Champaign, Illinois, 1998. to offer plants that are sterile,” says Cotton. —C.B.M. what open habit. Its compound leaves habit to five feet high and much wider. leaf than its parent and an upright, narrow with glossy, hollylike leaflets often turn ‘Majestic Jade’, a seedling of the ubiqui- demeanor. ‘Anbri’ (Etna) grows to eight burgundy in the fall. Bright yellow flow- tous three- to four-foot ‘Otto Luyken’, feet high and wide, and is distinguished by ers appear in early spring followed by dark grows to eight feet tall and has a broader its bronze tip growth. blue fruit. It thrives in moist, rich soil and part shade. Capable of growing to eight or GARDEN WORKHORSES nine feet, it often tops out at five. Offering a combination of seasonal charm and year-round color in most re- VIRTUALLY INDESTRUCTIBLE gions, these mid-size broadleaf ever- Now, if all you want in an evergreen shrub greens are versatile enough to address any is an indestructible wall of shaggy dark number of landscaping functions and green, you can’t go wrong with the com- sites. Whether you are looking for hedg- mercial landscaper’s best friend, common ing options, specimens to add year- cherrylaurel (Prunus laurocerasus, Zones round color to a mixed border, or 6–9, 9–6). This beautiful workhorse shrub foundation plants to dress up your home, thrives in moist, well-drained, humus-rich you’re sure to find several choices well soil in either sun or shade, but I see it adapted to your needs. If you are just gamely enduring appalling situations in starting a garden, they are valuable struc- shopping mall parking lots—even repeat- tural elements around which you can fill ed SUV-inflicted trauma. Naturally, it in the rest of your landscape.  takes salt spray. Upright racemes of white flowers in spring are an added bonus. The Mahonia aquifolium has fragrant yellow A garden writer and designer, Carol Bishop

selection ‘Zabeliana’ has a loose, sprawling flowers and glossy hollylike leaves. Miller lives in Huntsville, Alabama. TOP: JERRY PAVIA. BOTTOM: SUSAN A. ROTH

30 the American Gardener ROB CARDILLO Meadow Garden Meadow Garden Creating ameadowgardentakespatienceand determination, Creating ameadowgardentakespatienceand determination, the allure ofthe but theresultscanbeincrediblyrewarding. the allure ofthe but theresultscanbeincrediblyrewarding. BY CAROLEOTTESEN BY CAROLEOTTESEN May /June 2006 31 HERE’S ROMANCE IN A MEADOW. A field of pliant, swaying grasses and bright summer flowers evokes a time when the world was a younger, simpler, safer place. Global warming T wasn’t happening, fish were jumping out of pristine lakes and streams, and genetically mod- ified corn and soybeans were pure science fiction. Along with a meadow’s aesthetic charms, the yearning for simpler times was and remains a force behind a meadow movement that came to life in the iconoclastic Sixties. Around that time, packets of mixed wild- flower seeds began appearing on the market. The idea was that one had only to scatter the seeds on the wait- ing ground and, presto, a meadow would spring up.

We all know that is not what hap- More than 20 years ago, a meadow tolacca americana). Steve Davis, then pened. Typically, the results were disap- was started at River Farm, home of the horticulturist, theorized that the disc- pointing, if not disastrous. But the allure American Horticultural Society in harrowing brought to the surface poke- of meadows remained. With trial, error, Alexandria, Virginia. Two acres that had weed seeds that had lain dormant for 100 and energy, gardeners learned how to once been a field and had subsequently years. They had germinated swiftly and make them. And they now know that become a lawn, were disc-harrowed and easily outgrew the slower-developing while meadows appear to come about as seeded with a suitable wildflower mix. In wildflowers. Davis learned the hard way gracious, spontaneous gifts of nature, ap- record time, the entire two acres pro- that one of the toughest places to start a pearances deceive. duced a bumper crop of pokeweed (Phy- meadow is in what was once a field.

Above: Broad drifts of soft purple Monarda fistulosa and golden yellow Heliopsis helianthoides flowers are punctuated with Liatris pycnostachya, Echinacea purpurea, and various grasses in this Connecticut meadow designed by landscape architect Richard Bergmann. Previous page: A

variety of colors, heights, and contrasting textures provide a long season of interest in Stephanie Cohen’s meadow garden outside Philadelphia. KAREN BUSSOLINI

32 the American Gardener TOP: CAROLE OTTESEN. BOTTOM: CAROLE OTTESEN / AHS ARCHIVES didn’t plantuntilthebeginningofMay.” wanted plantsfrom germinating.Andwe she says,“the layerskeptun- of newspaper in fall.Over thewinterandearlyspring, method takesmonths. clippings, etc.To beeffective, however, this will decompose—choppedleaves, grass it withalayer ofanyorganicproduct that small-scale plantings. for simple andeffective, particularly meadow plants,thesmother-methodis chemicals toprepare theground for thatmightcomeup.”everything paper down inthefalltosmother moving thesodandthen“putting news- She eliminatedexisting growth by firstre- ofPhiladelphia. her houseontheoutskirts roughly half-acre meadow sitealongside for anorganicmethodtoprepare her turist andauthorStephanie Cohenopted cal choiceforclearingthesoil,horticul- meadow madeusing glyphosateapracti- to Make aMeadow,” page34). meadow anditsestablishment, see“How site (formore detailsonRiver Farm’s glyphosate wasemployed toprepare the a meadow atRiver Farm beganin2003, kill weeds thatariseatdifferent times. tions maybeneededduringtheseasonto remain buried,althoughseveral applica- cause thesoilneednotbeturned,soseeds to killexistingvegetation istemptingbe- the weeds are gone. two tothree weeks forayear ormore until plains Diboll. It maytakecultivation every wheresurface theycangerminate,”ex- cycle weed bringsupnew seedstothesoil ing by cultivation alone,“every cultivation specifically toexistingconditions. prepare thesitewitharegimen tailored ence,” right.)Thewaytodothatis Prairieabout prairies,see“The Differ- prairies around thecountry. (For more firm thathasinstalledmeadows and Prairie Nursery, aWestfield, Wisconsin, grow,” saysNeil Diboll, president of inated toallow theyoung seedlingsto “It isvitalthatcompetingweeds beelim- FROM THEGROUNDUP Solarization, anotherorganictech- Cohen beganhermeadow preparation To inplace,cover keepthenewspaper For withusing thoseuncomfortable While thelargesize oftheRiver Farm When amore recent attemptto start Using anherbicidesuchasglyphosate When oldfieldsare prepared forplant- much as100degrees afootormore down degrees Fahrenheit andas onthesurface raises soiltemperatures toasmuch140 order totrapthesun’s heat.In fullsun,this sheeting over thearea tobeplantedin spreading andanchoringclearplastic nique formeadow preparation, involves nique formeadow sitepreparation. soil tosmotherweeds isoneeffectivetech- Spreading layersofnewspapers overbare THE PRAIRIEDIFFERENCE sistant rootsre-grow. often regeneratebyfire;aftertheabove-groundvegetationburnsoff,firere- grass, ormixed,dependinguponrainfallandsiteconditions.Innature,prairies percent forbsandlessthanfiveshrubs.Prairiescanbetallgrass,short climax community,predominantlygrassland,typicallytreeless,withonlyabout30 of vastareasthecontinent,coveringoveramillionsquaremiles.Aprairieis mowed periodically. a meadowgarden—opportunisticwoodyplantsmustberemovedandthe land. Topreventthenaturalsuccessionofameadowtowoodland—andmaintain the establishmentoftrees.Oritmaybeanabandonedfieldintransitiontowood- drought discourages where erraticrainfallor of forbsandgrasses ly occurringcommunity land, maybeanatural- small openinginwood- community. comparatively stable stage whileaprairieis ow isatransitional communities. Amead- different typesofplant prairies aredistinctly curring meadowsand pearance, naturallyoc- Although similarinap- Before EuropeansettlementinNorthAmerica,prairiewasthedominantflora A meadow,oftena Prairies, likethisoneinMissouri,aretypicallygrasslands. solarization, see“S plants. (For more informationaboutsoil area canbeseeded orpluggedwithyoung After theplasticsheetingisremoved, the under theplasticcovering willbekilled. summer months,theplantsandseeds weeks insunnyweather duringthehot forthreeinto thesoil.If undertaken tosix plants shedidn’t want. itored themeadow closely, cuttingout plugging indesirableforbs.She alsomon- D.C. Reed augmentedhermeadow by National Arboretum inWashington, of thenative plantcollectionattheU.S. tifully inthemeadow inFern Valley, home fully thisway, andithasalsoworked beau- Joanna Reed created hermeadow success- The late,great Pennsylvania gardener It isalsopossiblesimplytoletafieldgrow. LET ITBE Gardener, nessing Solar Power” in —Rita Pelczar, Contributing Editor Contributing Pelczar, —Rita July/August, 2003.) MART May /June G The American ARDEN 2006 :Har- 33 34 HOW TOMAKEAMEADOW ery, Inc.undertookthedaunting taskofsettingover35,000plugsintotheground. Volunteers, AHSstaffmembers, andhelpersfromMountVernonKurtBluemelNurs- overlap tocrowdoutweeds. have alittleroomtospreadbutwill setting plantsaboutafootapartsothey grasses inbroadswathsforbesteffect, dividual herbaceousperennialsand the mosteconomicalchoice.Plantin- a finelayerofweed-freestraw. scatter yourseeds.Covertheareawith rake toloosenthetoplayerofsoiland plant. Ifyouaresowingseeds,usea spring orearlyfallarethebesttimesto es andforbsyouhavechosen.Mid- the meadowwithmixtureofgrass- weeds, it’stimetosowseedsorplant Once themeadowsiteisclearedof Step 2: existing vegetation. tions ofglyphosateherbicidetokillthe ist PeggyBowersusedseveralapplica- AHS meadowproject,Horticultur- “helpers”. Becauseofthescope ow andyourenergyleveloraccessto such asthesizeofplannedmead- method youchoosedependsonfactors tion, andherbicides(seepage33).The smothering withnewspaper,solariza- of methods,includingrepeatedtilling, Weeds canbeeradicatedbyavariety Step 1: of thismeadowislargerthanmostpeoplewouldplanforahomegarden,thestepsinvolvedinitsestablishmentaresame. The AndréBluemelMeadowatRiverFarm,whichwilleventuallyencompassfiveacres,wasinitiatedin2003.Althoughthescale the American Gardener If youareputtinginplants,plugs SOW SEEDSAND/ORPLANTPLUGS ELIMINATE WEEDS nated byformerAHSBoardChairKurt ratio ofthreegrassestooneforb—do- also plantedover35,000plugs—witha volunteers andAHSstaffmembers,she pounds oflittlebluestem meadow, Bowersseededin100 um scoparium). um (above) avarietyofforbsandgrasseshadtakenrootspread. The firstquarterofRiverFarm’smeadowprojectwasinitiatedin2003.ByAugust2005, For thefirstphaseofRiverFarm With thehelpofmany (Schizachyri- Step 3. in Baldwin,Maryland. Bluemel ofKurtNursery,Inc., an invitingentrywayintothemeadow. more frequentlytoensurevisitors have year, inFebruary.Pathwaysare mowed meadow atRiverFarmismowed oncea woody plantsfromdeveloping.The etation andhelpspreventopportunistic cuts backthepreviousyear’sdeadveg- Mowing themeadowonceortwiceayear Step 4. Farm’s meadow. first seasonofeachphaseRiver weekly hasbeenrequiredduringthe and anaverageof20hoursweeding intensive. Wateringwithsprinklers season tohelpplantsgetestablished. irrigation isneededforthefirstgrowing must bewateredimmediately.Regular After seedingorplantingameadow,it Initial maintenanceofameadowis MOW PERIODICALLY WATER ANDWEED —C.O.

DAVID ELLIS (3) This just-letting-it-grow method pre- around her meadow because it prevents the supposes that the gardener will: meadow from encroaching on her lawn, 1) monitor the meadow regularly and Resources and it “keeps people from thinking it looks be able to recognize potentially unwanted Meadows by Christopher Lloyd. unkempt,” she explains. plants and woody growth while it is young Timber Press, 2004. The twice yearly or annual mowing is enough to be yanked out, and a maintenance dream that takes time, be- 2) take the time and effort to systemat- Natural Landscaping by John Diekel- cause the labor of meadow-making is ically destroy them as they emerge. mann and Robert Schuster. Univer- heavily front-loaded. “The first year is the sity of Wisconsin Press, 2002. hardest,” says Bowers, who ticks off trou- PLANTING THE MEADOW blesome intruders to be eliminated: from Once the existing vegetation is eliminated, The Wildflower Meadow Book: A Gar- vines like oriental bittersweet and Japan- it’s time to sow seed or plugs—small root- dener’s Guide by Laura C. Martin. ese honeysuckle to woody plants such as ed plants. For a large area, seeds are cheap- Globe Pequot Press, 1990. ailanthus and paulownia that grow back er, but slower to develop. To prevent seeds with vigor from their stumps after mow- from blowing away and help keep them ing. To rid the meadow of these nuisances moist, consider applying a light mulch. MOWING IT DOWN Bowers paints the cut stumps with Gar- “The benefit of plugs over seeds are that “A meadow left to its own devices,” says lon®, a weed and brush herbicide. the meadow establishes faster,” says River Bowers, “will not stay a meadow.” Once it Farm Horticulturist Peggy Bowers, “and is up and growing, maintaining it involves you can create patterns.” Instead of ran- removing invading weeds and periodic dom planting for the River Farm meadow, mowing to prevent woody plants from tak- Bowers sited taller grasses farther back, ing over. Mowing timing and frequency while short grasses such as Bouteloua gra- varies depending on the situation. At least cilis were planted on the front edge. She one mowing is generally recommended be- placed forbs in swaths throughout the tween late autumn and early spring. meadow. Cohen planted her meadow Cohen cuts her meadow back once a year using plugs and a few native bulbs. in February as does Bowers. Although most meadow species toler- For aesthetic reasons, Reed usually ate drought fairly well, it is important to mowed twice each year—once in late water the seeds or plugs until they are well winter and again in midsummer. Sum- established. After planting her meadow mer mowing kept the meadow shorter, Cohen “watered it for several weeks.” which made it easier to see the flowers After that, says Cohen, “we did nothing.” that came up. Summer mowing should A monarch butterfly alights on some At River Farm, the meadow was watered be timed to avoid disturbing nesting milkweed flowers in the River Farm meadow. weekly unless there was a significant rain- wildlife and emerging box turtles. fall. Watering continued for a year. Cohen also maintains a neatly cut edge Already the River Farm meadow is showing promise: “Meadows are not low maintenance but they are low impact on the environment,” says Bowers. “As far as wildlife is concerned, the meadow is pro- viding numerous kinds of habitats.” Bow- ers has observed bobwhites, eagles, robins, groundhogs, wild turkeys, and a family of foxes who have made the meadow their home. Bluebirds nest in their boxes, and a variety of butterflies abound. Anyone who has installed a meadow will tell you it is the devil to get started, but well worth the effort. Inscribed on a piece of slate in the River Farm meadow are the words left by Emily, Annie, and Jess— AHS interns who helped Bowers plant and weed the meadow last summer: “Meadows are not made by sitting in the shade.” 

AHS Horticulturist Peggy Bowers mows the meadow at River Farm once a year, in February, Carole Ottesen is a contributing writer for

LEFT: CAROLE OTTESEN / AHS ARCHIVE. RIGHT: VIVEKA NEVELN to remove opportunistic woody plants and allow desired plants to grow in the new season. The American Gardener.

May / June 2006 35 high-impact FOLIAGE SUSAN A. ROTH

36 the American Gardener IZE MATTERS, at least where ing until October and November, when leaves of Shavalski’s ligularia (Ligularia leaves are concerned. Big, brassy it sends up clear yellow daisies . Multiple przewalskii, Zones 4–8, 8–1) are easily up- S leaves demand attention. They sat- ornate leaf forms and patterns have been staged by its tall spires of yellow, early isfy our craving for the exotic and appeal selected, a few of which are widely avail- summer flowers. In concert, foliage and to our theatrical side. Their sculptural able. ‘Argenteum’ boasts oversized leaves flowers create a dramatic display that has presence serves as a garden focal point. In that are irregularly washed with white and few rivals. The early spring foliage emerges a garden vignette or composition, they sea green. ‘Aureomaculatum’—called with a purple tint, ultimately expanding are the perfect foil for more finely cut or leopard plant—has pleated leaves into rich green, deeply lobed and toothed linear foliage. splashed with yellow blotches. ‘Crispa- leaves that are two feet long and one-and- Big leaves are as functional as they are tum’ sports sea-green leaves ruffled like an a-half-feet wide. The medium-yellow, fanciful. They serve as solar collectors, old-fashioned petticoat. ‘Giganteum’ of- five-petaled daisies of this aster relative are spreading wide to trap the most light from fers enormous, waxen leaves that are two gathered into dense spires that ascend six the sun’s rays. Large leaves have a greater feet or more wide. or more feet. surface area for photosynthesis: the more A protected site in light to full shade Ligularias thrive in soggy sites with photosynthesis, the more growth. Some suits these Asian natives, although their fo- deep, fertile organic or loamy soils, and trade-offs exist, however. liage develops its full size and luster only they demand consistent moisture to keep Big leaves are expensive to maintain. in bright light. Choose a spot that has well their foliage firm and unflagging. Drying They require a lot of water to keep them drained but consistently moist soil. Unlike winds, hot sun, or insufficient moisture turgid and in prime condition. Some pre- other bold-leaf plants, farfugiums are cause wilting. Although wilting is not moderately drought-tolerant once well es- fatal, huge leaves hanging limp on their Hardy herbaceous perennials tablished. New foliage emerges early, at petioles certainly spoil the plant party. In which time it is best to remove any old the cool of evening, ligularia foliage quick- with bold foliage add drama leaves that are worse for wear. At the upper ly recovers its composure. Prolonged wilt- limit of their hardiness range, farfugiums ing and insufficient moisture ultimately and texture to the garden. are deciduous. compromise the plants, however. The Closely related to farfugiums is the leaves will languish and plants begin to de- BY C. COLSTON BURRELL genus Ligularia. The ragged, spear-shaped cline in size and substance.

fer to grow streamside, with their feet in water. Others demand only deep, rich soil and consistent summer moisture. Most thrive in sites where a sheltering canopy of trees or shrubs protects them from the most intense rays of the sun. Given sufficient moisture, protection from wind, and ample shade, big-leaf plants can grow to gargantuan propor- tions. They generally form stout rootstocks and multiple crowns. Where conditions are right and space is sufficient, the fol- lowing leafy drama queens make exciting additions to any garden setting. ARRESTING ASTER RELATIVES The glossy, reniform (kidney-shaped) leaves of Farfugium japonicum (syn. Ligu- laria tussilaginea, USDA Zones 7–8, AHS Zones 8–6) are evergreen in most zones, making them valuable additions to both winter and summer landscapes. This aster family (Asteraceae) beauty delays flower-

Opposite page: Rocket bursts of yellow flowers illuminate the bold foliage of Ligularia stenocephela, right, and L. przewalskii, left. Right: The leaves of Ligularia dentata display

C. COLSTON BURRELL their “toothy” margins.

May / June 2006 37 38 yellow flower spikes. that offerswilt-resistant foliageandbold yellowstarry summerflowers. around erectforms awideskirt spikesof narrow spikedligularia The broad, arrowhead-shaped foliageof black-green where summernightsare hot. have dark purpleleaves thatfadetodeep vars suchas‘Othello’ and‘Desdemona’ show offpinkedmargins.Popular culti- 4–8, 8–1)haskidney-shapedleaves that and fernsprovide contrast. in aboggarden, where sedges pond, alongaslow stream, or loam. Ideal sitesare besidea humus-rich, consistentlymoist dominates anysetting. ifrage family(Saxifragaceae) China andKorea, thismemberofthesax- face rougher thansandpaper. Native to Mature leaves are brightgreen withasur- pale pinkflowers nodabove thefoliage. summer, ofcreamy hugetrusses whiteto diate likespokesfrom stoutpetioles.In infrastructure ofimpressive veins thatra- rich soil.Theleaves are by an supported four feetacross, given amplemoisture and size from amodesttwo feettoawhopping in The giant,circular-saw leafbladesvary 7–5) demandsyour undividedattention. Dramatic SIZEABLE SAXIFRAGES in thesaxifrage family. pigsqueak in height.Theflowers recall thoseof ers riseonstalksthatmayreach twofeet clusters ofasmany100pale pinkflow- ly flat.Before thefoliageexpands,dense edges are bowl-shaped somewhat tonear- wide leaves withtheirscalloped edges. At maturity, thetwo-foot- blade bendsdownward atthe gale. Astheleafexpands, umbrella blown insideoutina young foliage isreminiscent ofan one isDiphylleia). leaf orumbrella plant (theother the commonnameofumbrella ed Americannatives thatshare rhubarb—is oneoftwounrelat- 8–5)—sometimes calledIndian phyllum peltatum, Ligularia Bigleaf ligularia(L.dentata, Darmera peltata Plant astilboidesindeep, the American Gardener Astilboides tabularis Astilboides (Bergenia ‘Zepter’ isamassive hybrid Zones 5–8, spp.), which are also (syn. The fresh (L. stenocephala) Pelti- (Zones 5–7, Zones face likeenormous centipedes.Established coal grayrhizomes creep over thesoil’s sur- humus-laden soilinsunorshade. Its char- it inconsistentlymoistto wet, deep, it thrives incoolwatersidesettings.Plant Nevada ofCaliforniaandOregon, where Umbrella leafisnative totheSierra boides tabularis boides Rodgersia podophylla, Rodgersia white flowersheldaloftonspikes. leaves anddenseinflorescencesofcreamy heritage inthesaxifragefamilythroughgiant may bepalmately orpinnatelyarranged, leaflets ofR.pinnata rounded tips.Thefive toninequilted butthe leafletstapertoabrupt, struction, (Zones 5–8,8–1)issimilarinleafcon- early summer. Rodgersia aesculifolia cream-colored flowers inlatespring and are crowned by elongatedclustersof stems bearonetothree smallerleaves and excel infoliageandflower. Flowering toothed margins.Thesedramaticplants leaflets hasasquared tipandragged, pound leaves. Eachofthefive toseven has one-totwo-foot-longpalmatelycom- a containersunkintoshallow pond. forlargebogorwatergardens,served orin feet across. Because ofthis,itisbestre- quickly colonize aplotofground several clumps spread ever outward andcan Rodgersia podophylla , left,revealtheirshared (Zones 3–7,7–1) above, and (Zones 5–8,8–5) Astil-

LYNNE HARRISON (2) Erect panicles of red or pink flowers ap- The closely related Korean yellow wax- pear in summer. bells (K. koreana, Zones 5–8, 8–5) is a Plant the stout rootstocks of rodgersias taller and more upright plant that shows DESIGNING WITH FOLIAGE in fertile woodland soil that does not dry off outward-facing, bucktoothed flowers Shaded areas often are underwhelm- out in summer. Mature clumps will reach in August. Planting the two species to- ing after the peak of spring bloom. several feet across. The rough, hairy foliage gether extends the season to more than a Dramatic foliage, however, will keep sunburns easily, so protect it from hot af- month of bloom. your garden interesting long after the ternoon rays and drying winds. Yellow waxbells are native to sheltered flowers have faded. Hardy, bold- woods and shaded stream banks in Japan leaved perennials provide season- WONDERFUL WAXBELLS and China. They need protection from long tropical elegance without the The waxy yellow shuttlecock-shape flow- hot dry winds, and bloom best when bother of digging and storing them at ers of Japanese yellow waxbells (Kiren- given ample light. However, too much season’s end. geshoma palmata, Zones 5–8, 8–5) hang in sun—especially hot afternoon rays—will Contrast is the key to creating a open clusters from the tips of wiry black burn the foliage. satisfying picture, no matter what stems in late summer or autumn. This the medium. Light and dark, fine late-season charmer in the hydrangea BODACIOUS BARBERRIES and coarse, big and small—contrast family (Hydrangeacae) gives a boost to An enormous green Elizabethan-style col- creates the tension that makes a summer-weary shade gardens. In sum- lar sets off the showy but short-lived white composition interesting. In a paint- mer, charcoal stems supporting eight- to flower clusters of Diphylleia cymosa (Zones ing, a spot of color, a piercing ray of 4–8, 7–3), also known light through the darkness, or a as American umbrella compelling form holds the gaze. In leaf. The ephemeral a garden bed, contrast may come flowers of this native of from a decorative urn, a brightly the southern Ap- painted wall, blue delphinium palachian mountains spires, or the dramatic form of a open as its leaves un- green goliath. furl. The flowers’ un- Artful compositions—whether on timely demise leaves canvas or in chlorophyll—require a one feeling robbed, focal point. Without a resting spot, but the expanding fo- the eye wanders and can easily over- liage soon relieves the look the composition’s details. disappointment. Each When the eye rests on a specific basal leaf is rounded in point, however, it can effortlessly outline and has deeply appreciate an arrangement’s intri- cut sinuses accented by cacy. Few plants hold the eye as sharp, attenuate lobes. well as perennials that have gargan- The leaves that sit tuan greenery. below the flower are Place dramatic leaves in the gar- constricted in the cen- den’s foreground to frame a distant ter, recalling the paired view, or use them at a vista’s end- leaflets of twinleaf (Jef- point to draw the eye. Set them amid fersonia spp.), a close other plants as you would a decora- relation in the barber- tive container or a bench, and sur- ry family (Berberi- round them with plants that have daceae). Paired stem more finely textured or spikier fo- leaves, which are ac- liage, such as ferns, sedges, and iris- cented by the larger, es. To add more depth and interest to basal foliage, quickly the composition, mix in some plants expand to two feet with colored foliage. Late-blooming Japanese yellow waxbells across. Ample moisture and cool nights are For a truly outrageous planting, try grow best protected from intense sunlight. requisite for keeping the foliage at its best a battle of the bold—rhubarb amid through the summer. In August, the plant other large-leaved plants that thrive 10-inch, maplelike leaves add tantalizing produces green berries that soon darken to in moist soil such as elephant ears garden texture. Mature clumps produce indigo coated with powder blue, accented (Colocasia spp.), swamp lilies dozens of stems, and the plant attains the by bright cerise pedicels. (Crinum spp)., and cannas. —C.C.B. size of a small shrub. A drift of plants is Plant umbrella leaf in deep, humus-

ALEKSANDRA SZYWALA riveting in bloom. rich, consistently moist soil in light to

May / June 2006 39 Resources Consider the Leaf by Judy Glattstein. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon, 2003.

Herbaceous Perennial Plants by Al- lan M. Armitage, Stipes Publishing, Champaign, Illinois. 1997. Sources Asiatica Nursery, Lewisberry, PA. (717) 938-8677 (No phone or- ders). www.asiaticanursery.com. Catalog online.

Big Dipper Farm, Black Diamond, WA. (360) 886-8133. www.big dipperfarm.com. Catalog online.

Digging Dog Nursery, Albion, CA. (707) 937-1130. www.digging The striking foliage of umbrella leaf offers a pleasing contrast to the more delicate flowers and dog.com. Catalog $4. foliage of plants such as woodland phlox and ferns, which are also suited to moist, shady sites. Forestfarm, Williams, Oregon. (541) full shade. A prolonged dry spell will re- roon shades. A new and much sought after 846-7269. www.forestfarm.com. sult in premature dormancy. Where hybrid, ‘Kaleidoscope’, boasts bright green Catalog $5; free online. nights are hot, plants quickly retreat un- leaves mottled with cream and deep derground. In the wild, plants grow in black–green. White Flower Farm, Litchfield, CT. rich coves along stream banks or bathed (800) 503-9624. www.whiteflower in the cool water of seepage slopes, where REGAL RHUBARB farm.com. Catalog free. they never dry out. The foliage of ornamental Chinese Another bold-leaved herbaceous mem- rhubarb (Rheum palmatum, Zones 5–9, ber of the barberry family, Podophyllum 9–1) has one of the boldest textures avail- course, that its foliage—and that of all pleianthum (Zones 6–8, 8–5) is pure eye able to temperate-zone gardeners. This rhubarbs—is poisonous. candy. The two-foot plant bears single, goliath in the buckwheat family (Polygo- Rhubarbs are voracious feeders. Give deep green and highly glossy basal leaves. naceae) is grown for its enormous, clawed them humus-rich, loamy soil that stays Broad, blunt lobes give the leaf a scalloped leaves as much as for its tall, imposing evenly moist all season and fertilize regu- look. When paired with plants that have flower clusters. Emerging leaves are deep larly. They delight in boggy spots, where matt-finish foliage, the foot-long leaves al- purple; they fade to deep green with a pur- their crowns are above water and their ways dominate the composition. Stem ple reverse in summer. The leaves of ma- roots are in the damp soil. Full sun brings leaves are paired, one leaf slightly higher ture plants stand as tall as four feet. The out the best foliage color, but plants grow than the other, and they shield exotic, nod- seven-foot bloom spikes expand to reveal well in part shade, too. Where summer ding, maroon flowers that bloom in April ascending horizontal side branches that nights are hot, plants will decline after and May. Although it is not a bog plant, are studded with small, creamy white flowering, but will resprout from the qui- this Asian woodlander requires rich, con- flowers. Plants take several years to ma- escent crowns in late summer. sistently moist soil. New growth emerges ture, so patience is required, but they are Large leaves punch up any planting. early in spring and late freezes often dam- worth the effort. R. ‘Atrosanguineum’ is Use them judiciously but with resolve, age it. The years you beat the odds, the similar in proportions to the species and is and your garden is sure to shine.  plants are breathtaking, and they remain equally dramatic in flower. It sports attractive through the summer. bronze-tinted leaves through the summer C. Colston Burrell is an award-winning au- Podophyllum difforme (Zones 6–9, and smoky cerise-colored flowers. thor, photographer, and garden designer. His 8–6) is another coveted species that is Culinary rhubarb (R. rhabarbarum, most recent book, co-authored with Judith smaller in stature. It has parallelogram- Zones 5–8, 8–1) is a handsome ornamen- Knott Tyler, is Hellebores: A Comprehen-

shaped leaves that emerge in brown to ma- tal in its own right, but remember, of sive Guide (Timber Press, 2006). C. COLSTON BURRELL

40 the American Gardener LEFT: JERRY PAVIA; CENTER AND RIGHT: MARK TURNER MORE PLANTSWITHBIGLEAVES Acanthus mollis Acanthus Name Veratrum viride Veratrum speciosa Telekia palmata Syneilesis dioica Napaea Lysichiton Filipendula cachemirica Aralia mollis Acanthus americanus Aeia kn abg) expand;dormantortattered (American skunkcabbage) Kmhtamaoset whiteflowers (Kamchatka meadowsweet) camtschatic hellebore) (green false (telekia) (syneilesis) (glade mallow) uptosixfeetlongboasting (Himalayan spikenard) (bear’s breeches) a egt Flowersandfoliage Height/ –/– ls,rbe oig n u opr hd onan fesen3–8,8–1 mountainsofeastern suntopartshade 4–8,8–5 lush,ribbedfoliageand centralandeastern lighttopartshade 3–5/2–3 4–8,8–1 raggeddaisiestopleafy 5–7,8–3 northeastAsia 3–5/3–4 lighttofullshade deeplycutgray-greenfoliage; 2–4/2–4 easternand suntopartshade 5–7,7–5 dramaticallydissectedbasal 3–7,8–1 PacificNorthwest 3–6/3–4 suntofullshade FarEast,Japan suntolightshade earlyyellowflowersbefore 3–5/3–5 7–9,9–7 huge,maplelikeleaves, northwestHimalayas lighttofullshade 5–7/3–4 intricatelydividedfoliage eastern suntopartshade 4–6/4–6 deeplylobed,lustrousdark 2–5/3–4 Width (ft.) large clustersoffragrant presence chalices by latesummer the elongated,rubberyleaves spikes abovethefoliage summer of greenflowersinearly branched, droopingspikes leaves haveexceptional stems; toothedtriangular flowers insummer tall spikesoffuzzy,composite leaves andtallstalksbearing bold leaflets green leaves;pinkishflower wide clustersofsmallwhite Lysichiton americanus Lysichiton u/hd aierneUSDA,AHS Nativerange Sun/Shade Veratrum viride Veratrum North America Mediterranean Europe central North America May /June 7–9, 10–7 Zones 2006 41 42 Eastern DeciduousForest species (many of whichhave beenreas- The Aster bloom inmid-tolatesummer andfall. idago, Eupatorium, ers, grosbeaks, andcedarwaxwings. species ofbirds, flick- includingthrushes, Wild strawberries attractmore than50 and ahostofsongbirds toyour garden. giniana) wild strawberries (Dicentrawild bleedingheart eximia), In spring,columbines FAVORITES FLORAL T den intoabeautifulhaven forwildlife. for thisregion that willhelpturnyour gar- Here isaselectionofoutstandingplants southern Illinois, andeasternMinnesota. Ohio, Tennessee, southeasternMissouri, including Wisconsin, Michigan, Indiana, and several inlandstatesintheNortheast, AIA GARDENING HABITAT Abundant choicesforwildlife-friendlyplantsmakehabitatgardening apleasure inthisre Herbaceous perennials intheAster, Sol- the American Gardener HE EASTERN portion oftheupperMidwestportion region ofNorth Americaspansa will drawbees,hummingbirds, genus offersmore thanadozen the (Fragaria vesca and and Helianthus (Aquilegia deciduous forest genera spp.), F. vir- and fruit forwildlife. Above: is alate-season bloomer. Top: the sun-drenched colorsofgoldenrod tones ofastersare stunningpaired with laevis, A.novae-angliae, varicatus, A.dumosus,grandiflorus, A. are native tothisregion, including signed tothegenusSymphyotrichum) The pink,white,blue,andpurple Cornus alternifolia Cornus Aster novae-angliae Aster and offers shelterand A. shortii. Aster di- Aster that and fallhipsthat birds relish. rose climbing rose (R.setigera), (Rosa carolina), or letthemclimbanarbor. Pasture rose flowers berries. andcolorful den, andtheyalsoyieldvisualbonusesof vide foodyear round inyour habitat gar- Fruiting trees, andvinescanpro- shrubs, WOODY WILDLIFEMAGNETS mals andground-loving birds. sources and provide cover forsmallmam- ium scoparium) grasses suchaslittlebluestem(Schizachry- herbaceous perennials withnative bunch- love.which butterflies Intersperse these (Vernonia gigantea ta, clude blazingstars and varicatus, H.maximiliani,giganteus, well asperennial varieties suchas the commonannual ofthisregion, part including nearly every seeds forbirds. There’s asunflower for lianthus, will provide plentyoffloraldrama. the backofperennial border where it boneset Joe-Pye weed (E.purpureum), mon boneset(E.perfoliatum), Pye weed (Eupatorium maculatum),com- enrod ciosa), (S. nemoralis), showy goldenrod (S.spe- ( Choose from delicatewreath goldenrod Oligoneuron—are native tothisregion. ofwhichhavefew beenreclassified as (Solidago Solidago caesia),bushygraygoldenrod Grow native wildroses alongafence Other must-have habitat perennials in- Another back-of-the-border plant, The and H. occidentalis. (R. arkansana) (S. patula),amongothers. and theunusualroundleaf gold- Eupatorium (E. sessilifolium). L. cylindracea) andironweeds provides bothshowy flowers and spp.), ofwhich12species—a BY JOANNETURNERWOLFE swamp rose (R.palustris), to increase wildlife food (Liatris aspera, L.spica- offer summerblooms Helianthus annuus,as genus includesJoe- and Plant Joe-Pye in V. missurica), and prairie and upland gion. purple H. di- He-

TOP: DAVID CAVAGNARO; BOTTOM: COURTESY OF THOMAS G. BARNES @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS DATABASE The genus Prunus contains a wealth of summer-fruiting shrubs and trees that at- tract dozens of species of birds. Wild black Resources Sources cherry (Prunus serotina) is a favorite of 47 Indiana Native Plant and Wild- Prairie Moon Nursery, Winona, MN. different birds as well as many small mam- flower Society, P.O. Box 30317, (866) 417-8156. www.prairie mals. Wild red cherry (P. pennsylvanica) Indianapolis, IN 46230. moon.com. Catalog free. and common chokecherry (P. virginiana) www.inpaws.org. fruits are eaten by eastern bluebirds; the Prairie Nursery, Westfield, WI. latter also attracts 42 other bird species. The Wildflower Gardener’s Guide: (608) 296-3679. www.prairie American plum (P. americana) is yet an- Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, Great nursery.com. Catalog free. other important food source for both wild Lakes, and Eastern Canada Edition creatures and humans. by Henry W. Art. Storey Sunlight Gardens, Andersonville, Pawpaw (Asimina triloba) and persim- Communications, Pownal, TN. (800) 272-7396. www.sun mon (Diospyros virginiana) are summer- Vermont, 1987. lightgardens.com. Catalog free. fruiting trees that have always been popular with wildlife and are now of in- terest to urban gardeners as well. Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) and Washington hawthorn (C. phaenopyrum). In fall, dogwoods (Cornus spp.) feed hawthorns (Crataegus spp.) will enhance Habitat gardens will benefit year round migrating songbirds and nonmigrating your winter landscape with bright red from members of the Viburnum clan. Its birds such as wild turkeys. Thirty-four bird berries. Twenty-four varieties of birds eat many species offer glossy green foliage, fall species enjoy the fruits of pagoda dogwood hackberry fruits, including Swainson’s color, spring flowers, and summer and fall (Cornus alternifolia), 18 species dine on thrush, cardinals, flickers, and mocking- fruits. Blackhaw viburnum (V. prunifoli- red-osier dogwood (C. stolonifera) and birds. Hawthorns are favored by ruffed um) has it all: flowers, fruit, fall color, and silky dogwood (C. amomum), and 17 dif- grouse, cedar waxwings, and fox sparrows. deep green summer foliage. Mapleleaf ferent birds including the downy wood- Depending on which part of the region viburnum (V. acerifolium) produces copi- pecker, northern cardinal, eastern bluebird, you live in, you can try cockspur ous fruits and has pretty fall foliage. Nan- and northern flicker appreciate gray dog- hawthorn (Crataegus crus-galli), downy nyberry (V. lentago) has fragrant summer wood (C. racemosa). hawthorn (C. mollis), or my favorite— flowers and fall fruit that appears in tan-

The fruits of mapleleaf viburnum transition from green to red to deep blue as they mature.

dem with red and purple foliage. And you’ll love American cranberry—often “Works wonders.” –Denver Post called highbush cranberry—(V. opulus var. “Elsie’s beauty secret.” –Glamour americanum), which has pink-blushed fo- liage and white flowers in spring, followed It’s remarkable what big things are being reported about the stuff inside our by its blazing fall foliage and fruit. Plants little green can. Try some today. Your skin should be softer tomorrow. like these are part of what makes wildlife gardening so much fun!  DAIRY ASSOCIATION CO., INC. P.O. BOX 145, DEPT. AG06, LYNDONVILLE, VT 05851/TEL. 802-626-3610/WWW.BAGBALM.COM WEST OF ROCKIES: SMITH SALES SERVICE, 16372 S. W. 72ND ST., PORTLAND, OR 97223 Joanne Turner Wolfe is a contributing edi-

MARK TURNER tor for The American Gardener.

May / June 2006 43 44 by Lynda DeWitt Bill Radler,RoseBreeder his homeinWisconsin aboutKnockOut has wonnumerous awards life. initsshort able tothepublic.Thislong-blooming,cold-tolerant,drought-, pest-,anddisease-resistant rose shrub A of alow-maintenance plant.In 2000,hisbreakthrough KnockOut maintenance out ofthem. andbreed the roses, Idecidedtotry work involved inproperly caringforthe cuttings andbudgrafting. learned how topropagate plantsthrough waukee’s North Shore Rose Society, and long, Ijoinedthelocalrose society, Mil- Soon, Iwasgrowing myown, and,before shapes, sizes, andcolorsfascinatedme. rose catalogs. Thetremendous variety of home, Ispenthourslookingthrough Bill Asakidatmygrandparents’ Radler: sion forroses comefrom? Lynda DeWitt: Writer Lynda DeWitt recently spoke withRadler, oneofthepremier inthecountry, rose experts from Because Ifoundthere wassomuch the American Gardener BORN ROSARIAN still ateenager, hebeganshufflingrose genesthrough selectedpollinationandbudgraftinginsearch Where doesyour pas- —or nearlyso—William—or Radlerboughthisfirstrose atagenine.Whilehewas and mostofitis toowet to grow roses, so a halfinsize, butitisina lowland setting home.The gardenmy new isanacre and old. Imoved italongwith600othersto named KnockOut that time,aseedlingcalled89-20.1—later I acquired mypresent garden in1992.At Describe your homeandwork garden. rosarian for theChicagoBotanicGarden. Milwaukee. I’ve asaconsulting alsoserved tor oftheBoernerBotanicalGardens in chitecture, andIspent sometimeasdirec- Yes, largely. Ihave adegree inlandscapear- So you’re aself-taughtrosarian? N NOEWITH ONE ON ONE ™ C and future rose-breeding projects. ™ —was three years … ™ rose, Rosa Are there tipsforkeepingKnockOut susceptibility todisease. that don’t well orshow perform ahigh roses atany given time,discarding those of about1,400 inventory keep arunning mixed plantingsand28rows ofroses. I thrive inthe moistenvironment. for diseaseresistance becauserose diseases acre. forscreening Thelocation isperfect I garden intensively onabouthalfan Out The wholepoint ofproducing Knock roses goingstrong year afteryear? which istheoriginalKnockOut roses inhissearchofafewwinners,one serves asatestinggroundforthousandsof Wisconsin homegarden,left,whichalso Bill Radlertakesabreakinhisextensive The rosarium consistsof14beds ™ (KO) wastohelp eliminatethe ‘Radrazz,’ becameavail- ™ , above. ™

LEFT: COURTESY OF KAREN ROGERS. RIGHT: COURTESY OF CONARD-PYLE COMPANY, STAR® ROSES AND STARR PLANTS When removing spent blooms, try There is also Carefree Sunshine not to take any leaves in the process. Re- (‘Radsun’), a low-growing, wide-spreading moving leaves will discourage plants yellow rose, and its Climbing Carefree from quick repeat blooming. cousin, ‘Radsunsar’. Ramblin’ Red (‘Rad- Although KO is drought resistant ramblin’) is a winter-hardy climber with once it has established, make sure that crimson-red flowers. In 2005, I brought newly planted specimens are regularly out a mutation of ‘Autumn Sunset’ called given adequate water, especially if they Lemon Meringue (‘Wekradler’). are located near other thirsty plants. This year, I introduced Brite Eyes In the fall, KO will sometimes get (‘Radbrite’). Its flowers are pink with yel- powdery mildew. The disease is disfigur- low centers, and it’s suitable for smaller gar- ing but not harmful. However, if you feel dens. It’s a restrained climber that can also the need to eradicate it, spray plants with be grown as a freestanding upright shrub. a mixture of horticultural (not dormant) oil and water. What a lineup! So, what’s next? I’m working on midge resistance, and I Winter-hardy Ramblin’ Red is among I was surprised to learn that Knock expect future introductions to be large- Radler’s more recent introductions. Out™ is just one of your many rose ly immune to this nearly invisible in- introductions. Tell us about some of sect. The midge doesn’t kill roses but “rules.” But KO is still a rose, so it’s wise to your other varieties. can greatly reduce their bloom time and adhere to a few rules to get the best results. Besides the first KO, ‘Radrazz’, which is lead to misshapen flowers. I’m also In spring, prune back the canes to 10 bright cherry red, I’ve introduced ‘Rad- working on improving rose characteris- inches from the ground. Remove dead, yod’, a pale pink variety; ‘Radcon,’ a tics—fragrance, color, hardiness, and weak, and crossing canes to help reduce medium pink variety; and ‘Radtko’, form—in that order.  the incidence of minor leaf spot disease trademarked as Double Knock Out™. It as well as encourage more uniform and has the same cherry color as the original, Lynda DeWitt is a freelance writer living in compact plant growth. but with more petals. Bethesda, Maryland. COURTESY OF WILLIAM RADLER

May / June 2006 45 46 use ofrecycled lumber. Council, includingaprohibition onthe standards setoutby theMulch andSoil mail, buyonlyproducts thatmeetthe tailers, includingthosealluded tointhee- is native tosoutheastAsia.Most largere- sustain coloniesofthetropical pest,which the United States istoocoldinwinterto theprocess. Andmuchof would survive that anyFormosan termitesinthewood aged, andshippedasmulch,it’s unlikely if suchdebriswere tobeshredded, pack- regulation isbeing strictlyenforced. Even fected areas inOctober 2005,andthe antine onwooddebrisfrom hurricane-af- mulch were unwarranted. deners thattheirfearsaboutpurchasing toreassurequickly steppedforward gar- widespread anxiety, butmanyexperts and otherGulf states. Thee-mailcaused extremely inLouisiana,Texas, destructive mites. Thesesubterraneanpestsare beinfestedwithFormosantry—might ter- sold atmajorretail stores across thecoun- mulch madefrom tree debristhere—and circulated e-mailraisedconcernthat that devastated theGulf Coast,awidely- Following lastyear’s seriesofhurricanes MALIGNED MULCH parts ofthecountry. subtropical GulfCoaststatesbutnotinother Formosan termitesarecommoninthe Horticultural NewsandResearch ImportanttoAmericanGardeners Fortunately, theinformation cam- The stateofLouisianaimposedaquar- the American Gardener their profuse floraldisplay, overall health, ‘Siskiyou’ received thehighestratingsfor ‘Fyrverkeri’ (Fireworks) andO.speciosa end ofthetrial, tural adaptability, andhardiness.” tal traits,diseaseandpestresistance, cul- evaluated theseperennials for“ornamen- 19 describes theresults ofafive-year trialof Plant Evaluation Notes. Botanic Garden, inarecent issue(#26)of plant evaluation managerattheChicago summer color,” writesRichard Hawke, where theyprovide anabundanceofmid- gardens, roadsides, andnative landscapes, Sundrops andevening primroses “shine in PRIMROSES EVENING SUNDROPSANDELEGANT HOT lsu.edu/termites. controlling thesepestsatwww.agctr. you canlearnmore aboutidentifyingand in anarea affectedby Formosan termites, local source anduseitquickly. If you live pest-free istopurchase itfrom areliable Entomology. Dennis of RingoftheLSUDepartment consumers have slowed waydown,” says (LSU) Agriculture Center. “Callsfrom staff attheLouisianaState University paign seemstobeworking, according to ‘Fyrverkeri’ sundrop isaprofusebloomer. GARDENER Oenothera Out of the 16 taxa that survived tothe Out ofthe16taxathatsurvived The bestwaytoensure your mulchis C species andcultivars, which ’ NOTEBOOK S Oenothera fruticosa The publication and fremontii formers included and winterhardiness. Other top-per- might meanan abundanceofinsects,es- to2006 start winter anda fairly dry tling inthemonthsahead. pests anddiseasesgardeners willbebat- states—will have abigimpactonthe mean temperature above average in41 National ClimaticData Center, withthe fifth-mildest onrecord, according tothe drought, and thewarmwinter—the spectacular stormsandlingering throughout theUnited States. Lastyear’s of allkindshave beenapparent recently Extreme andunusualweather conditions PREDICTIONS PEST online atwww.eplants.org. Evaluation informationalsoisavailable Lake CookRoad, Glencoe, IL60022. Program, ChicagoBotanicGarden, 1000 available for$3from thePlant Evaluation the mostvigorous.” trial, ‘Pink Petticoats’ wasjudged“by far the fourcultivars of soils.”Ofweedy inrichorhighlyfertile ciosa season thisyearasaresultofdrywinter. Japanese beetlescouldbeinforabanner Hawke alsonotedthat In themid-Atlantic region, amild Copies ofPlant Evaluation Notes O. pilosella. may spread rapidlytobecome ‘Lemon Silver’, O.macrocarpa, O. acaulis O. speciosa “Oenothera spe- ‘Aurea’, in the are O.

LEFT TO RIGHT: SCOTT BAUER / COURTESY OF ARS/USDA; COURTESY OF CHICAGO BOTANIC GARDEN; COURTESY OF USDA ARS ARCHIVES, WWW.FORESTRYIMAGES.ORG pecially Japanese beetles, predicts Adria Bordas, a Cooperative Extension agent in PEOPLE and PLACES in the NEWS Fairfax County, Virginia. New Executive Director for California Native Plant Society In Texas, drought and high tempera- Amanda Jorgenson was recently named the new execu- tures have brought about a difficult en- tive director of the California Native Plant Society vironment for woody plants, making (CNPS) based in Sacramento, California. Jorgenson them more susceptible to some pests. comes to CNPS with over five years of executive expe- “Wood-boring beetles are attracted to rience and 15 years of experience in design and im- stressed trees and shrubs,” says Molly plementation of conservation programs. Prior to CNPS, Keck, IPM program specialist at Texas she served as the Wildlife Conservation Society’s Cooperative Extension in San Antonio. Country Program Coordinator in Ecuador. Jorgenson “Gardeners should keep a close eye out has also worked for Fundación Natura in Colombia, for signs of these pests, such as holes in Tropical Research and Development, Inc., in Florida, tree trunks and branches, or adult insects and World Wildlife Fund–U.S. in Washington, D.C. or larvae under the bark.” But even after drought abates, problems New Director for Longwood Gardens can occur. According to University of Ken- Paul B. Redman, since 1997 the executive director of the Franklin Park Con- tucky Extension Plant Pathologist John servatory in Columbus, Ohio, will become the executive director of Longwood Hartman, the end of a drought can kill Gardens in Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, in July. “I am honored to be cho- woody plants that have sacrificed surface sen to lead such a world-class organization like Longwood and look forward roots during the dry period, as deeper roots to working with its very talented staff,” says Redman. “It is an exciting time could be more susceptible to root rot dis- as Longwood is celebrating its centennial this year—what a privilege it is to eases. Drought-stressed herbaceous plants embark on the next 100 years with this exquisite garden.” Redman succeeds could be more susceptible to cankers and Fred Roberts, who is retiring after serving as executive director at Longwood root, corm, or bulb rot diseases, he adds. for more than 20 years. After a cool, wet winter in the Pacific COURTESY OF JEFFREY P. JORGENSON Northwest, Japanese maples and other

May / June 2006 47 48 the American Gardener ate varieties. plants together, orplantinginappropri- under-watering your garden, crowding ating afavorable environment by over- or eliminate thepathogen.Andavoid cre- hosts. Remove to anydiseasedplantparts your garden toeliminatesusceptible example, usedisease-resistant varieties in by takingoutonelegofthetriangle.For or even eliminatesomediseases,shesays, conducive environment. You canreduce pathogen,anda tible host,avirulent a “disease triangle” comprisingasuscep- Pathology suggeststhinkingintermsof versity’s ofBotanyandPlant Department lems, Janna Beckerman ofPurdue Uni- population, hespeculates. ing intheformofareduced slug land. But there justmightbeasilver lin- of Oregon State University nearPort- related tofungaldiseases,saysChipBubl woody plantsare showing someinjury retained where itfalls—inaraingarden, Rain Gardens. “Every raindrop thatis Lynn Hinkle, project managerfor10,000 ofthesolution,”says they canbepart problem, and more importantly, how of how theycontribute tothe[run-off] ing behaviorssomore peopleare aware is abouteducatingthepublicandchang- the citywithinfive years. is tocreate 10,000raingardens around Gardens.” Asitsnameimplies,the goal City, Missouri, dubbed“10,000Rain launchedinitiativethe newly inKansas Perhaps yet is themostambitiouseffort andimprovingter run-off waterquality. a strategyforreducing pollutedstormwa- gardens have beengainingmomentum as In citiesacross theUnited States, rain CITY KANSAS STORM GARDENS RAIN initiative review plansfortheirraingarden. Participants in the10,000RainGardens To helpcombatplantdiseaseprob- “The 10,000RainGardens“The initiative Gardens initiative, visitwww.rainkc.com. more informationaboutthe10,000Rain conditions.Forerate bothwet anddry perennials, andtrees shrubs, thatcantol- are oftenplantedwithnative grasses, withinaday.it backintotheearth They basin designedtoretain wateranddrain ity ofourcity’s streams andrivers.” for example—willbenefitthewaterqual- berries, Grown mostlyfortheirshowy purple PLANT PRETTY ANOTHER JUST NOT mosquito repellent. early testingappearstobeaneffective a compoundfrom theirleaves thatin cultural Research (ARS)isolated Service ofAgriculture’sU.S. Department Agri- liage. At least,notuntilresearchers atthe haven’tberry) beennotedfortheirfo- japonica plants. Themost promising iscallicarpe- five insect-repelling compoundsfrom the Beltsville, toisolate andtest Maryland, fecting Insect in Behavior Laboratory and Jerome KlunatARS’s ChemicalsAf- and Stephen Duke, aplantphysiologist, colleagues CharlesCantrell, achemist, them ontheirown skin. draught animals’ harnesses,oreven use leaves andputthemunder would crush Farmers Mississippi innortheastern would repel biting insectsfrom animals. that theleaves ofAmericanbeautyberry Mississippi, learnedfrom his grandfather botanist atanARSfacilityinOxford, of folkwisdom.CharlesT. a Bryson, (Callicarpa americana) (Callicarpa The leavesoftheAmericanbeautyberry repelling properties. Rain gardens consistofashallow Bryson’s recollections ledhisOxford The researchers tookahintfrom abit (American andJapanese beauty- Callicarpa americana may haveinsect- and C.

LEFT: BRIAN TURNER / COURTESY OF 10,000 RAIN GARDENS; RIGHT: COURTESY OF J.S. PETERSEN@USA-NRCS PLANTS DATABASE COURTESY OF TERRY SPIVEY / USDA FOREST SERVICE, WWW.FORESTRYIMAGES.ORG can bedoneasfrequently asparticipants period across North America.Recording and speciesofbirds seenover afour-day the annualGBBCrecords thenumber nithology andNational Audubon Society, species represented. lion birds, witharecord-breaking 623 of alllevels ofexperiencecounted7.5mil- parks, andwildliferefuges, bird watchers 17 to20,2006.In backyard gardens, nual GBBC,whichtookplaceFebruary loggeddatafortheninthan- the country Count (GBBC).Participants throughout through theannualGreat Backyard Bird tists tracktrends inbird populations the results canhelpscien- oftheseefforts garden features toattractbirds. Sharing Many gardeners selectplantsandother BIRDCOUNT RECORD-BREAKING to humans. ly, andidentifyinganypossibletoxicity pound, eitherinthefieldorsynthetical- producing largequantitiesofthecom- pending. Future research willfocuson nal, forwhichtheUSDAhasapatent Coordinated by theCornellLabof Or- C the landscape. importance oflargetreesin mission bypromotingthe to helpingfulfilltheAHS Society andiscommitted American Horticultural partnership withthe announce itscorporate Farm ispleasedto herry LakeTree science. “Inde- someplaces, observers Paul Green, Audubon’s director ofcitizen gether we discovered amazingthings,”says dented amountofinformation. 60,000 checklists,providing anunprece- year, sentinmore participants than or more, atoneormore locations. This wish—once orseveral timesaday, oneday the previouscountfiveyearsago. found inalmosttwiceasmanystates In therecentbirdcount,treeswallowswere “With more“With peoplewatchingbirds, to- -RHI\ IMIVRE GPMQEXIW JSV 1IHMXIVVERIER XVIIW SVREQIRXEP SR I\XIRWMZI FSSOW QSWX XLI SJ 3RI ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ 'SPSV  ˆ RXR IIIG SS GLEVX GSPSV VIJIVIRGI -RWXERX MRJSVQEXMSR EGGYVEXI KEVHIR 7GMIRXMJMGEPP] ]SYV MR XVIIW 9WMRK MRJSVQEXMSR GEVI PIEZIW ERH ERH +VS[XL FEVO JPS[IVW SJ 'PSWIYTW SS LXWS  XVIIW  SJ TLSXSW 'SPSV WS SQR &XRGP2EQIW &SXERMGEP 'SQQSR SJ IW V 4LKP[LYYHULHU MVY ²\² \ ² YHL[S;YLLZ 6YUHTLU[HS 4EKIW 7SYVGIW ;OL;YLLZVM:HU+PLNV LV J*SIMK8VIIW *PS[IVMRK SJ 'LEVX %22.)250$7 ˆ 'PV4LSXSW 'SPSV  ˆ 4LSXSKVETLWF](SR;EPOIV &MFPMSKVETL] ˆ ,EVHGSZIV 8I\XF]7XIZI&VMKLEQ *SPTH[LZ source.org/gbbc. involving bird counts,visit GBBC andothercitizen scienceprojects tals inTexas, Louisiana,andMississippi. but down tolessthan halftheir2005to- were up96percent inWashington state, from 2005.Total countsofthesebirds nectar from feeders,were up50percent blers, someofwhichwere eatingsuetand and sightingsoforange-crowned war- were seenin20states,upfrom 11in2001, ca pennsylvanica) (Myri-swallows, whichcaneatbayberry thantheyusuallydo. north farther Tree Some swallow andwarblerspeciesstayed affected by theunusuallywarmwinter. than move towarmerareas south.” further main insub-zero Canadarather northern caused several speciesofseedeaterstore- good seedcrops Canada innorthwest bined callswere louderthanjetliners,and scribed flocksofrobins solargetheircom- and Editorial Intern Linda McIntyre. Written byEditor Assistant Viveka Neveln For more informationaboutthe patternsalsoseemedtobe Migratory 7ER(MIKS,SVXMGYPXYVEP7SGMIX] 7ER(MIKS,SVXMGYPXYVEP7SGMIX] ' IMIX H  XE\  EHH VIWMHIRXW '% 7IRH]SYVGLIGOXSHE]JSV RMME'% )RGMRMXEW [[[WHLSVXWSGSVK %XXR 7, 43 &S\ fruit duringthewinter,fruit SO3HV%,7 &SSO3VHIV TE]EFPIXS 1EMPXS May /June www.bird 2006  49 50 by ThomasC.Cooper Christopher Lloyd “E of ideas,opinions,andfriends. gardening isastimulatingworld namic environments andthat that gardens are exciting, dy- arguing, inwords andindeeds, lier thisyear at83,spentalifetime rarely bored. Lloyd, whodiedear- you are bored.” Andhewasvery wrote, “isonlytroublesome when lecdgresaon h ol. t Gr At fluenced gardens around theworld. publications and27booksthathave in- forBritishcolumns andmonthlyarticles years thewellspring ofhisweekly he inheritedfrom hisparents, were for42 Dixter insoutheastern England, which their opinions,becamefriends. and read hiswritingsarguedback,shared pot. Gardeners whovisitedhis garden outideas,alwaysstirringthe tures, trying placency, cheeringthemfortheiradven- failures, chidingreaders fortheir com- Britain, reporting onhissuccessesand conversation withgardeners throughout and clickonthe “Friends”link. formation, visit ing portionoftheestate.Formore in- $2 milliontopurchasetheoutstand- dener. TheTrustneedstoraiseabout Garrett, hisclosefriendandhead gar- evolve underthedirectionofFergus of thegardens,whichwillcontinueto Dixter Trusttooverseetheoperation dening, LloydestablishedtheGreat a vibrantplaceforadventurousgar- To securethefutureofGreatDixteras THE FUTUREOFGREAT DIXTER The gardens atworld-renowned Great For almost50years hecarriedona the American Gardener Christopher Lloyd once FFORT,” www.greatdixter.co.uk plantsman (March 2,1922–January27,2006) (though hewas unabashedlyproud ofhis low-key aboutthedepthofhisknowledge themselves,” ashedescribedit. practiced “the oflettingplantsenjoy art learned from hismother, Daisy, who natural andlong-lastingshow. Thishe and colorsinorder to achieve themost intimate. He ofplants mingledallsorts made hisfive-acre garden personal,even plants togetherinarelaxed fashion that ed, tobesure. But Christopherwove considered, absolutely. Impeccably tend- anything butformalorpredictable. Well- hedges, buttheplantingsinsidethemare framed by formalarchitectural yew Christopher dislikedpretense andwas NAPPRECIATION AN eat Dixter, thegardens are C appeared unfamiliartohim.After being admired anelaboratelyleafedbegonia that Logee’s Greenhouses inConnecticut, he cataloged. Once, whilewe were touring grown thathadever been mosteverything the clearer or had itbecamethatheknew land, South Africa,andinthiscountry— The more timeIspent withhim—inEng- overwhelmed gardener. a generous, reassuring reply toayoung, plants—that’s thefunofgardening.” It was aboutthat.I’mworry always meetingnew unfamiliar plants.“Oh,” hereplied, “never toseesomany him thatitwasunnerving Flower Show inLondon,Iconfessedto plantings). Once, aftervisitingtheChelsea It wasalso,Irealized intime,awhitelie.

JONATHAN BUCKLEY ment for a moment. He was endlessly cu- rious, and the most common or familiar plant could always stimulate an observa- Further Reading tion and very likely a planting idea. Here is a sampling of the many books Above all, he enjoyed seeing plants in Christopher Lloyd wrote. the wild. He would travel anywhere—so long as there was a drink and a bath at day’s Christopher Lloyd’s Garden Flowers: end—to see a plant in its natural setting. Perennials, Bulbs, Grasses, Ferns. He had an uncanny ability to spot an in- Timber Press, 2000. teresting plant while traveling at 65 miles an hour, and he prized drivers who Christopher Lloyd’s Gardening Year. thought nothing of pulling over for a look. Frances Lincoln, 1999. He loved roadside reconnaissance, study- ing the ferns in a Washington State road Color for Adventurous Gardeners. cut, observing how quickly trees invaded Firefly Books, 2001. neglected Vermont meadows, or calling at- tention to the psychedelically-colored Dear Friend and Gardener. Trafalgar daisies on a fallowed field in South Africa. Square Publishing, 1998. In The Adventurous Gardener, he wrote, “In gardening you can never say, ‘by now I In My Garden. Macmillan,1995. Lloyd’s exotic garden at Great Dixter features know all I need to,’ and I hope you’ll never hot colors that brighten a gray English day. feel ‘I’m too old to learn new tricks.’” Lloyd Succession Planting for Year-Round always had his eyes and ears open to new Pleasure. Timber Press, 2005. told its name, he paused and then said, tricks. They might involve work, but that “Oh yes, I remember it. We grew that in was part of the fun of it all.  The Well-Tempered Garden. the glasshouses at Wye [College, where he Collins, 1970. studied and taught horticulture] back in Formerly editor of Horticulture magazine,

JONATHAN BUCKLEY the ’50s.” That didn’t diminish his excite- Thomas C. Cooper lives in Connecticut.

May / June 2006 51 52 by RitaPelczar Sun Protection forGardeners much ofourtimeoutside,itmakessensetoprotect ourselves from thedamagingeffectsofsolar bed,orjustsitbackandrelax.plants, diganew But thatattractioncanbedangerous. Because we spendso G wear sunscreen andappropriate clothing. strongest; and,whenyou are outside,to spend outsidewhentheUVraysare damage are tolimitthetimeyou there are lastingeffects. tive, soeven whenthe sunburnfades sunburn. AndUVdamageiscumula- face layers oftheskinandcause ated withaging;UVBraysaffectsur- cause thevisibleskinchangesassoci- rays penetratedeeplyintotheskinand prit andtheycomeintwotypes:UVA raysofthesunthatare thecul- (UV) cataracts. It’s theinvisibleultraviolet the sun,asare premature agingand skin cancersare linkedtoexposure to emy ofDermatology, 90percent of The highertheSPF, thegreater thepro- tion from sunburn-causingUVBrays. primarily ameasurement ofitsprotec- “sun protection factor” (SPF),whichis Every sunscreen isratedaccording toits SKIN SUNSCREENS GUARDBARE SUN-SENSIBLE ADVICE (between 10a.m.and4p.m.). ■ ■ ■ ■ tion Agencyoffersthesetips: UV exposure,theEnvironmentalProtec- To protectyourselffromthehazardsof cent UVAandUVB protection. ed SPF15orhigher. ing, includingabroad-brimmed hat. The bestwaystominimize sun According totheAmericanAcad- Wear loose-fitting,sun-protective cloth- Apply abroadspectrumsunscreen rat- Limit thetimespentinmiddaysun Wear sunglasseswith99to100 per- the American Gardener rainfall, andsunshine.Blue skiesandsunnydaysnaturallydrawusoutdoorstosetoutthosenew ARDENERS ARE weather-conscious folks.A that screen UVA raysaswell asUVBrays, your exposure to150minutes. screen theoretically allows you toextend ter 10minutesinthesun,anSPF15sun- burn. So ifyou usuallybegintoburnaf- longer you canstayinthesunbefore you number indicateshow manytimes tection. Whenproperly applied,theSPF Some sunscreens includeingredients RE GARAGE GREEN C fter all,we gaugemanyofouractivitiesontemperatures, sunburn orskin rashes.Consultyour doc- antihistamines canincrease the riskof control pills,antidepressants,birth and tivity tothesun’s antibiotics, rays.Certain pleasant togarden then,anyway. five orabove. It’s usuallycoolerandmore lower, whentheUVindexis particularly p.m. whenthesun’s intensityismuch chores forearlyin themorningorafter4 When possible,scheduleyour gardening nine—high; and10orabove high. very imal; five tosix—moderate;seven to of fourorlower isconsidered low ormin- ing inyour zipcode.AUVindexnumber www.epa.gov/sunwise/uvindex.html Environmental Protection Agencyat obtain your UVindexforthedayfrom the cluded inlocalweather reports. You can daily forecast ofUVintensitythatisin- and degree ofcloudcover. day, proximity totheequator, altitude, number ofvariables, includingtimeof provided by asunscreen dependsona A number of drugs canincreaseA numberofdrugs sensi- The National Weather issuesa Service spiring heavily. hours—more oftenifyou are per- and neck.Reapplytwo every into your skin.Don’t forgetyour ears going outsidesoithastimetoabsorb exposed skin20to30minutes be effective. Apply itliberallytoall tion ofasunscreen iscriticalifitto PABA-free, hypoallergenic formula. prone toallergicreactions, usea both typesofUVrays.If you are formulathatcoversbroad-spectrum Nevertheless, it’s advisabletousea rating systemforUVA protection. but atthistime,there isnoapproved Of course,theactualprotection Correct andcontinuousapplica- radiation. by typ- before

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May / June 2006 53 BOOKC REVIEWS

Recommendations for Your Gardening Library

P. Allen Smith’s Colors for the Garden: ful when you need color clarification on states that a garden path should be Creating Compelling Color Themes a plant you are not familiar with. viewed as a journey that, “alters the psy- Clarkson Potter, New York, New York, 2006. With so many flowers and colors avail- che, refreshes the soul, and reinvigorates 192 pages. Publisher’s price, hardcover: able, you might ask, “Which ones should the senses.” An analysis of Piet Oudolf’s $32.50. I use?” Follow the color design principles garden in the Netherlands shows the within the book to make them blend, but reader how a traditional formal design PLANTS SUCH AS annuals, perennials, the colors to start with, as Smith suggests, can be given a modern twist by creating grasses, shrubs, and tropicals add both are the ones you love best. —Jim Nau what Kingsbury calls “zigzag symmetry.” color and texture to the garden. However, Alternative plans for a long, narrow gar- not many references focus on the colors Jim Nau is the manager of the Gardens at den space and a boring square lot, along and how to use Ball, the Ball Horticultural Company’s with detailed explanations of the thought them effectively newly renovated display and evaluation process that went into the design, highlight in home garden garden in West Chicago, Illinois. the chapter focusing on the work of Jill design—some- Billington, who is renowned for her cre- thing that P. Gardens by Design ative designs for awkwardly shaped Lon- Allen Smith’s Noel Kingsbury, photography by Nicola don gardens. Beth Chatto discusses the latest book, Browne. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon, importance of choosing plants that are nat- Colors for the 2005. 224 pages. Publisher’s price, hard- urally adapted to the soil and light condi- Garden, aims to cover: $34.95. tions of your particular garden, and Carol do through a Klein shares insights into combining blend of practi- Planting Design: flower color, with recommendations for cal commentary, detailed plant lists, and Gardens in Time and Space choices in cooler northern climes, hot vibrant color photographs. Piet Oudolf and Noel Kingsbury. Timber southern regions, and for different seasons. In the first two sections of the book, Press, Portland, Oregon, 2005. 176 pages. In contrast, Planting Design: Gardens in Smith addresses choosing colors and how Publisher’s price, hardcover: $34.95. Time and Space, which Kingsbury co-au- to use them creatively. Here you will get thored with the internationally renowned some straightforward ideas on how to use AS A REFRESHING and illuminating Dutch designer Piet Oudolf, is more a trea- various plants within color themes, how change from the usual garden design book tise on their phi- to mix and match colors, and suggestions which is the voice and vision of just one losophy and on specific plants to design with. person, Noel Kingsbury’s Gardens by De- practice of de- Smith suggests several helpful activities sign has tips, signing with in these first two sections—for example, insight, and plants. The focus taking photographs of the outside of your wisdom from of the book is home and garden. “By framing the view some of the blurred, some- through the lens and in pictures, the shapes most respected times giving ad- of plants, buildings, and objects become and creative vice to designers more apparent,” he writes. “Use the photo- garden design- of large-scale pro- graphs to create or improve the garden set- ers in the Eng- jects for corporations or city parks, and at tings around your home.” lish-speaking others addressing the home landscape de- The third section of the book, titled world. Gener- signer. It is not a book for beginners; plants “Color Expressions,” describes plant col- ously illustrated with superb photographs are called by their Latin names only, and ors in detail. Here you will find many of by Nicola Browne, the book is divided into the authors assume the reader already has the common and not-so-common vari- sections that cover the usual topics: Plan- a strong foundation in the subject. eties of plants arranged in color sequence. ning, furnishing, and planting the garden. Having said that, the book is excellent The directory includes a short descrip- Within that structure, Kingsbury lets each as an advanced course in Oudolf’s “New tion, a few facts including height, sun or designer speak, sharing his or her thoughts. Wave” planting movement that advo- shade tolerance, and winter hardiness (if A few examples include Vermont- cates choosing plants that are in harmo- perennial). This section is especially use- based designer Julie Moir Messervy, who ny with the surrounding landscape, are

54 the American Gardener well adapted to the native soil and grow- lover through the creation of their first ing conditions, and that will develop published pieces, whether in garden club beautifully over time. The authors want newsletters, local newspapers, or maga- to encourage landscape architects and zines. She describes the types of stories a garden designers “to put the focus back garden writer can create, such as the prac- on the art of planting.” tical how-to piece, or the feature story —Catriona Tudor Erler where writers might borrow some tech- niques from fiction writing. There are Catriona Tudor Erler is the author of eight also sections on garden-related travel garden books, including Poolscaping: Gar- writing and the writer as storyteller. dening and Landscaping Around Your The book describes how to begin an Swimming Pool and Spa (Storey Publish- article with a well crafted “lead”, and how ing, 2003). to structure it, title the piece, and sum- marize or quote information. There is Cultivating Words: The Guide to Writing useful advice on word usage, botanical about the Plants and Gardens You Love nomenclature, and writing for clarity Paula Panich. Tryphon Press, Northampton, with a chapter on self editing and revi- Massachusetts, 2005. 129 pages. Publish- sion well titled, “Pruning and Patience: er’s price, softcover: $21.95. On Editing and Revision.” The major points are reinforced with PAULA PANICH has written the first and writing samples from the author, well- only book describing writing about plants known garden writers, and wonderful and gardens. A practical guide to every- writers from aligned genres such as Vita thing from sentence creation to publishing Sackville-West, M.F.K. Fisher, John how-tos, this book McPhee, and Diane Ackerman. is an inspiration Many of today’s professional garden for all to put down writers loved plants first, and then spade and take up learned how to write about them. All pad and pencil or would have benefited from having this face off with a guide at the beginning of their careers. word processor. —Darrell Trout Panich, with an M.F.A. and Darrell Trout is a writer, lecturer, and director two decades of of the Garden Writers Association. His fourth journalism and garden writing experi- book is First Garden: Getting Started in ence, takes the novice writer and plant Northeast Gardening.

he manicured, verdant lawn is a staple of American iconography. How did this Tcome to be when our climate is so variable and yet so generally inhospitable to large swaths of sheared grass? Gardeners, often more resistant than most to the se- ductive charms of the perfect lawn, can find out what others find so alluring in American Green (publishing info??). Histo- ry professor Ted Steinberg charts the rise of lawn culture in the wake of World War II, as “booms” in having babies, build- ing houses, and using chemicals combined with social forces encouraging conformity and aspirations toward perfection to create a “perfect storm” of lawn care mania. Despite his academic background, Steinberg has an accessible and engaging style, and while he raises a lot of serious questions about the impact of lawn culture on the environment (and a few somewhat less serious ones about its impact on homeowners’ time and self-esteem), he leaves room for hope that more Americans may yet embrace a more relaxed aesthetic that allows for a wider plant palette, a bit of brown in the winter, and even a weed here and there. —Linda McIntyre, Editorial Intern

May / June 2006 55 GARDENERC’S BOOKS

Regional Gardening

MERICAN GARDENS do not lend themselves to gen- tures. This information-packed book features a variety of plant- eralizations. Average temperature, moisture, and soil ing designs for all parts of your property, with photos, vivid illus- A quality vary tremendously from region to region with- trations, and detailed schematic in the United States, and sometimes within regions as well. drawings that reflect the design ver- Every gardener needs a few comprehensive reference books, but nacular of the Midwest. The planting sometimes you want an in-depth guide to dealing with condi- advice is sound, as one would expect tions in your own region and selecting plants that will thrive. from veteran garden writers Roger Here are some books to help you plan, start, or enhance your Holmes and Rita Buchanan, with garden wherever you are. good information on choosing Since I began gardening in the mid-Atlantic region in the early healthy plants, planting basics, prun- 1990s, I’ve struggled with drought, hurricanes, drying winds, hu- ing, and winter protection. There’s midity, and damage from swarms of 17- also a list of dependable plants with an year cicadas. So I was not surprised to be emphasis on selections with at least two seasons of interest. drawn to the Mid-Atlantic Top 10 Gardeners in northern California might not enjoy quite the Garden Guide (Sunset, 2006, $19.95), range of climatic vicissitudes as their Midwestern brethren, but with its comprehensive listing of plants with coastal, valley, and mountainous climate zones, garden sturdy enough to take whatever our writer Katherine Grace Endicott has plenty to talk about in variable climate dishes out. Well-known Northern California Gardening (2006, Chronicle Books, experts—including Brent and Becky $24.95). This is a month-by-month Heath of Brent and Becky’s Bulbs, guide with a wealth of horticultural in- Holly Shimizu of the U.S. Botanic Gar- formation that will benefit new and ex- den, and The American Gardener’s own perienced gardeners alike. For each contributing editor Rita Pelczar and contributing writer Carole month, Endicott lists key tasks for gar- Ottesen—provide concise, straightforward advice with enough deners in each climate zone—what to opinion to keep things interesting. plant, prune or harvest; how to keep Southerners contemplating starting a garden will find lots of down pests and diseases; and tips on helpful and accessible information in How to Get Started in keeping plants well-watered during dry Southern Gardening by Nellie Neal with Rob Proctor (Cool periods. There’s plenty of information for Springs Press, 2005, $19.99). The introduction, by Proctor, gardeners outside northern California as well, such as which “old grounds the reader in the basics of gar- rules” (such as “buy the largest plant you can”) to ignore, how to dening—botanical nomenclature, tools, reach an accommodation with deer, and excellent cultural infor- and maintenance tips—while the rest of mation for houseplants and plants widely grown in other regions. the book, by Neal, digs deeper, starting Perennials for the Southwest (Timber Press, 2006, $29.95) with a very good discussion of soil would look at home on your coffee table. But beneath its amendment. She goes on to discuss de- beautiful cover and sophisticated graphics lies a workhorse of sign elements such as hardscape and a book written by Mary Irish, an au- lighting, and provides a list of 50 plants thority on dry-climate gardening. She that are easy to grow in USDA zones 7, starts with a detailed discussion of de- 8, and 9. Pests and diseases are covered sign principles suited to gardens in the too, in the same enthusiastic yet down- arid southwest. The section on plant to-earth tone that characterizes the whole book. It also includes a care covers soil, pruning, pests and dis- handy list of mail-order resources sources, garden information and eases, and propagation in a thorough extension websites, and suggested reading for those who have built yet straightforward manner, and the up enough confidence to move on to more daunting volumes. plant list provides tips on use in the Midwest Home Landscaping (Creative Homeowner, 2006, landscape as well as abundant cultural $19.95) covers a lot of ground, both literally and figuratively. It information. For southwestern gar- aims to help gardeners from southern Canada to Missouri, from deners, this book is indispensable; for the rest of us, it’s a va- the Dakotas to Ohio, to design beds and borders, choose and care cation to a beautiful and exotic landscape.  for plants, and install hardscape, fencing, and other garden fea- —Linda McIntyre, Editorial Intern

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Setting the standard in gardening reference Available wherever books are sold • For more great ideas visit www.dk.com and sign up for our FREE newsletter 58 nativeplants/program.htm gardening.com. (315) 470-6817. Educational Services.Mexico,NewYork. ing. Plant Education,ConservationandGarden- 742-8239. Association. Coventry,Connecticut.(860) Standish, Maine.(207)384-2454. ext. 125. Oriskany, NewYork.(315)736-3394 Parker ScriptureBotanicalGardens. Gardeners ofCornellCooperativeExtension. 877-7630. Woods. Framingham,Massachusetts.(508) Woodstock, Connecticut. (860)928-4074. Massachusetts. (413)298-5225. Annual tour.LenoxGardenClub. Lenox, JUNE 2–4. www.historicnewengland.org. JULY 9. JULY 8. Looking ahead JUNE 27–29. JUNE 24. www.NewportFlowerShow.org. JUNE 23–25. RAP (800) 733-1830. bridge Village.Sturbridge,Massachusetts. JUNE 10&11. JUNE 10. JUNE 5–8. JUNE 3. JUNE 3. chusetts. (508)693-9426. Polly HillArboretum.WestTisbury,Massa- arboretum.org. Rhode Island.(401)847-1000ext.140. land. (401)874-2929. Gardener Conference. 637-0320. Sanctuary. Lenox,Massachusetts.(413) chusetts AudubonSocietyPleasantValley Oswego CountyBoardofCooperative the American Gardener JUNE 17. Connecticut HistoricGardensDay. Hidden TreasuresoftheBerkshires. HerbFest 2006. Annual PlantSale. Herb andFlowerFestival. Annual PlantSale. 2006 NortheastRegionalMaster Annual NativePlantSale. www.topmostherbfarm.com. CT, MA,ME,NH,NY,RI,VT www.newenglandwildflower.org. www.massaudubon.org. Northeast SymposiumonNative Newport FlowerShow. Garden Weekend. Summer SolsticeCelebration. NORTHEAST www.esf.edu/outreach/ www.osv.org. Horticultural EventsfromAroundtheCountry Newport, RhodeIs- www.passionfor Connecticut Herb Marrett House. Garden inthe www.pollyhill Old Stur- Master Newport, Massa- RAP trose cold-hardyapricotandan 11th-centurypearcalled‘LeNainVert’.” tween easternmountainashand pear];otherNAFEXmembershavegivenmeaMon- stock includingnineheirloom apple varieties,Asianpears,andashipova[acrossbe- from herNAFEXmembership.“Inowhavealittleorchard of fruittreesondwarf a memberforaboutnineyears.Hergardenalsohasenjoyed some tangiblebenefits University ofKentucky’sHorticulturalResearchFruitFarmswill beofferedaswell. nois, backyard.Toursofprivateorchardsandthe 100 treesinhisSkokie,Illi- Gene Yale,whogrowsover cludes “AppleWizard” The rosterofspeakersin- breeding, andothertopics. spaces, winemaking,fruit chemical-free pestcontrol,growingfruitinsmall varieties forthehomegrower,baggingfruits tember 1inLexington,Kentucky. will holditsannualmeetingAugust30toSep- vation, andappreciationoffinefruitsnuts, fruit growersdevotedtothediscovery,culti- group, anetworkofprofessionalandamateur have beenseekingout,growing,andeatingexceptionalfruitsincethemid-1960s.The a relativelyrecentphenomenon,buttheNorthAmericanFruitExplorers(NAFEX) NEW ANDUNUSUAL Exploring SpecialtyFruit inKentucky EINLHAPPENINGS REGIONAL ww.ahs.org/events/reciprocal_events.htm. RAP are identifiedwiththe participation byAHSorstaffmembers Events sponsoredbyorincludingofficial contact thehostsitefordetailsorvisit benefits. Specialeventsmaynotbeincluded; discounted admissiontothegardenorother valid membershipcardareeligibleforfreeor Admissions Programareidentifiedwiththe arboreta thatparticipateinAHS’sReciprocal Events hostedbybotanicalgardensand For moreinformationaboutNAFEX anditsannualmeeting,visitwww.nafex.org. Garden writerDoreenHoward,whoisontheNAFEXboardof directors,hasbeen The eventwillincludeworkshopsonnovel MAY 19. symbol. CurrentAHSmembersshowinga PA, NJ,VA,MD,DE,WV,DC C Clematis Connections. MID-ATLANTIC AHS varieties offruitatspecialtystoresandfarmers’marketsare symbol. meeting. last year’sannual event waspartof An apple-tasting Lec- 566-9134. Arboretum. Media,Pennsylvania.(610) (410) 634-2847ext.0. Adkins Arboretum.Ridgely,Maryland. by Design. arboretum.org. Pennsylvania. (610)328-8025. Sale. Alexandria, Virginia.(703)642-5173. tures andsales.GreenSpringGardens. Sustainable City. MAY 20. RAP RAP www.greenspring.org. MAY 25. www.scottarboretum.org. —Linda McIntyre,EditorialIntern Scott Arboretum.Swarthmore, MAY 20. MAY 19. Members’ PlantExchangeand Green Design:RooftopGardensfora Spring GardenSymposium. www.tylerarboretum.org. Birdathon. Creating NativeLandscapes Tour anddiscussion.Unit- www.adkins Guided tours.Tyler

COURTESY OF NAFEX ed States Botanic Garden. Washington, DC. (941) 366-5731. www.selby.org. East Lansing, Michigan. (617) 355-5191. (202) 225-8333. www.usbg.gov. E-mail: [email protected]. RAP JUNE 3. Hydrangeas in the Garden. JUNE 1. Native Plants in the Landscape. Lecture and tour. Birmingham Botanical JUNE 8–10. Herbs: Hands On! Herb Society Conference and workshops. Millersville Uni- Gardens. Birmingham, Alabama. of America Educational Conference and versity. Millersville, Pennsylvania. (717) (205) 414-3960. www.bbgardens.org. Annual Meeting . (Open to public, too.) 872-3030. www.millersvillenativeplants.org. Indianapolis, Indiana. (440) 256-0514. JUNE 3. Monroeville Summer Tour of www.herbsociety.org. JUNE 3. Annual Garden Tour. Reston Garden Gardens. Monroeville Garden Club. Club. Reston, Virginia. www.restongarden Monroeville, Alabama. (251) 743-4939. JUNE 13 & 14. International Water Garden club.org. and Pond Show. Trade show. Rosemont, RAP JUNE 3. Trees and Shrubs for In-Town Illinois. (818) 316-0226. www.watergarden JUNE 9. The Beauty of Herbs. Lecture. Gardens. Lecture and walking tour. Atlanta show.com. Brookside Gardens. Wheaton, Maryland. Botanical Garden. Atlanta, Georgia. (404) (301) 962-1400. www.brookside 876-5859. www.atlantabotanicalgarden.org. Looking ahead gardens.org. JULY 8–11. OFA Short Course. Greater Colum- JUNE 17. Community-Supported Agriculture bus Convention Center, Columbus, Ohio. RAP JUNE 10. Roses for Richmond: It Can (CSA) Workshop for Consumers. North Caroli- (800) 424-5249. www.ofa.org. Be Done! Lecture. Lewis Ginter Botanical na State University Center for Environmental Garden. Richmond, Virginia. (804) 262- Farming Systems. Goldsboro, North Carolina. JULY 16. Dearborn Garden Walk and Heritage 9887. www.lewisginter.org. (919) 513-0954. www.cefs.ncsu.edu. Festival. Chicago, Illinois. (312) 632-1241. www.dearborngardenwalk.com. RAP JUNE 25. Tidewater Daylily Show Looking ahead & Plant Sale. Norfolk Botanical Garden. JULY 19–25. Water Gardening Symposium. SOUTH CENTRAL Norfolk, Virginia. http://groups.hampton International Waterlily and Water Gardening AR, KS, LA, MO, MS, OK, TX roads.com/pages1.cfm?page_id=15212. Society. Orlando, Florida. (941) 756-0880. www.iwgs.org. RAP JUNE 10. Improving Your Nature Photographs. Workshop. San Antonio SOUTHEAST Botanical Garden. San Antonio, Texas. AL, FL, GA, KY, NC, SC, TN NORTH CENTRAL (210) 207-3270. www.sabot.org. IA, IL, IN, MI, MN, ND, NE, OH, SD, WI RAP MAY 20. Perennial Plantings of Native Wildflowers. Lecture. Marie JUNE 2 & 3. Plant Sale. Michigan State RAP JUNE 13. Water Gardening: Plants and Selby Botanical Gardens. Sarasota, Florida. University Department of Horticulture. Fish. Workshop. Biedenharn Museum and

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There are 13 prize color photos ® in this new calendar. with America in Bloom Participating municipalities have: •more innovative floral plantings The Gardeners of America •different plant varieties and colors Men’s Garden Club of America •more planters, hanging baskets Box 241 and gardens Johnston, IA 50131-0241 Phone: 515-278-0295 (614) 487-1117 www.tgoa-mgca.org www.americainbloom.org

May / June 2006 59 60 Colorado. (720)865-3500. tours. DenverBotanicGardens.Denver, Water-Smart Garden. zona. (928)774-1442. The ArboretumatFlagstaff.Flagstaff,Ari- Missouri. (314)577-5100. Walk. Barbara, California.(800)553-3387. Santa BarbaraOrchidEstate. den. SaltLakeCity,Utah.(801)581-4747. Plants. MAY 20&21. 874-1557 ext.203. gy Center.Occidental,California.(707) namental plants.OccidentalArtsandEcolo- rare andendangeredfood,medicinalor- Gardens. Tuscon,Arizona.(520)326-9686. Oregon. (541)747-3817. of Oregon.Mt.PisgahArboretum. Eugene, Co-presented withtheNativePlant Society www.efn.org/%7Emtpisgah. www.orchidfair.com. JULY 7–9. Looking ahead 425. Capistrano, California.(939)234-1300ext. val. JUNE 10&11. JUNE 10. E-mail: [email protected]. www.calpoly.edu/~envhort/IPM_Conf.htm. JUNE 8&9. www.sierrasoroptimist.org. RAP RAP www.tusconbotanical.org. JUNE 10. www.redbuttegarden.org. RAP RAP 5281. Gardens. Monroe,Louisiana.(318)387- show. SanLuisObispo,California. Conference. Grass Valley,California.(530)477-8013. MAY 21. gardens.org. Mission SanJuanCapistrano. the American Gardener www.missionsjc.com. JUNE 24. JUNE 17. MAY 20. JUNE 15. Missouri BotanicalGarden.St.Louis, www.bmuseum.org. Lecture. RedButteBotanicalGar- Wildflower FestivalandPlantSale. Garden Tour. Weird PlantSale. International OrchidFair. Integrated PestManagement Sierra FoothillsGardenTour. Lectures, workshops,andtrade AK, ID,MT,OR,WA,WY Flower, GardenandArtFesti- Landscaping withNative Design Inspirationfora Plant SaleandGardenFair. Butterfly PlantsTalkand WEST COAST NORTHWEST SOUTHWEST AZ, NM,CO,UT CA, NV,HI www.oaec.org. Lecture withgarden Organic gardenswith www.thearb.org. Tuscon Botanical www.mobot.org. www.botanic flowershow.com. Wyoming. (307)637-6459. tour. CheyenneBotanicGardens. Cheyenne, the CheyenneBotanicGardens. bank, Washington.(360)678-1912. Meerkerk RhododendronGardens.Green- www.botanic.org. RAP www.meerkerkgardens.org. JUNE 10. JUNE 2–4. ton. (253)305-1008. Flower andGardenShow.Tacoma,Washing- THE PAULECKEJR.FLOWERANDGARDENSHOW, Paul Ecke Jr.FlowerandGarden Show most likelytoappealtheimaginationofchildren. vironmental stewardship.OtherawardsincludethePatWelshAwardforgarden between horticultureanden- demonstrates theconnection exhibit attheshowthatbest Environmental Awardtothe ing informationtovisitors. gardens andgeneralgarden- provide toursofthedisplay SDHS membersalsowill Most OutstandingExhibit. Dorothy WalkerAwardfor Material, andtheDon ative UseofUnusualPlant racy inNomenclature,Cre- of GardenEducation,Accu- Garden, theBestExpression Awards fortheBestYouth Excellence inHorticulture ing isinbloom.” ing gardenevenwhennoth- we canhaveaveryeye-catch- esting andcolorfulfoliage, choosing plantswithinter- of theyear,”shesays.“By that areattractive12months climate, wecanselectplants ful foliage.“Withourmild plants andwithcolor- as moreuseofwater-thrifty pects thatthisyear’sdisplayswillreflectgardeningtrendsinsouthernCalifornia,such and containerplants. dens, itwillfeaturemorethan50landscapegardensandexhibitsofbonsai,nonbo, part oftheSanDiegoCountyFair.Withoverfouracresexhibitsanddisplaygar- west oftheRockyMountains,willtakeplaceinSanDiegofromJune10toJuly4as For moreinformationabouttheshow,call(858)755-1161orvisitwww.sdfair.com. The AHSwillpresentan The SDHSwillbegiving Susi Torre-Bueno,presidentoftheSanDiegoHorticulturalSociety(SDHS),ex- JUNE 10. Annual PicnicandPlantAuction. Dream inColor. Favorite TreesandShrubsof www.ptdefiance Point Defiance Walking Topiary, top,andanaward-winningwatergarden,above. From the2005fair:AfeatureexhibitbySamiaRose Toronto, Ontario.(416)397-1340. Flower Show. British Columbia. (604)878-9821. Van DusenBotanicalGarden.Vancouver, Lecture. MasterGardeners’Association. 442-6495. E-mail:[email protected]. Tour andPlantSale. www.vandusengarden.org. www.vandusengarden.org. JUNE 13. JUNE 3. www.torontobotanicalgarden.ca. MAY 28. —Linda McIntyre, Editorial Intern Paris HorticulturalSocietyGarden Ontario RockGardenSocietySpring The NatureofPerception. Toronto BotanicalGarden. CANADA the biggestflowershow Paris, Ontario.(519) 

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May / June 2005 61 PRONUNCIATIONSC AND PLANTING ZONES

Most of the cultivated plants described in this issue are listed here with their pronunciations, USDA Plant Hardiness Zones and AHS Plant Heat Zones. These zones suggest a range of locations where temperatures are appropriate—both in winter and summer—for growing each plant. While the zones are a good place to start in determining plant adaptability in your region, factors such as exposure, moisture, snow cover, and humidity also play an important role in plant survival. The codes tend to be conservative; plants may grow outside the ranges indicated. A USDA zone rating of 0–0 means that the plant is a true annual and completes its life cycle in a year or less. To purchase a two-by-three-foot glossy AHS Plant Heat Zone Map for $9.95, call (800) 777-7931 or visit www.ahs.org. Hardi- ness and Heat zone codes are generated by AHS and documented in the Showtime© database, owned by Arabella Dane.

A–C TOR-ee-um mak-yew-LAY-tum L. cylindracea L. sih-lin-DRAY-see- R. pinnata R. pin-NAY-tuh (5–11, 9–1) uh (4–9, 9–3) (3–7, 7–1) Acanthus mollis uh-KAN-thus E. perfoliatum E. per-fo-lee-AY-tum L. pycnostachya L. pik-no-STAKE- R. podophylla R. pah-doh-FIL-luh MOL-lis (USDA 7–9, AHS 10–7) (3–9, 8–1) ee-uh (3–9, 9–2) (5–8, 8–5) Asimina triloba uh-SIH-mih-nuh E. purpureum E. per-PER-ee-um L. spicata L. spy-KAY-tuh (3–10, Rosa arkansana RO-zuh ar-kan- try-LO-buh (4–8, 9–5) (3–9, 9–1) 10–1) SAN-uh (4–8, 9–5) Aster dumosus ASS-ter dew-MO- E. sessilifolium E. ses-sih-lih-FO- Ligularia dentata lig-yew-LAIR- R. carolina R. kair-o-LIE-nuh sus (4–9, 9–4) lee-um (5–8, 8–5) ee-uh den-TAY-tuh (4–8, 8–1) (4–9, 9–1) A. grandiflorus A. gran-dih- Farfugium japonicum far-FEW-jee- L. przewalskii L. sha-VAL-skee-eye R. palustris R. pah-LUS-triss FLOR-us (5–9, 9–5) um jah-PON-ih-kum (7–8, 8–6) (4–8, 8–1) (4–9, 10–1) A. laevis A. LAY-vis (4-9, 9-2) Fragaria vesca frah-GAY-ree-uh Loropetalum chinense lor-o-PEH- R. setigera R. seh-TIJ-ur-uh A. novae-angliae A. NO-vee- VES-kuh (3–9, 9–2) tal-um chy-NEN-see (7–9, 9–7) (5–8, 8–4) ANG-lee-ay (3–9, 9–1) F. virginiana F. vir-jin-ee-AN-uh L. chinense var. rubrum L. chy-NEN- A. shortii A. SHOR-tee-eye (5–8, 8–4) see var. ROO-brum (7–9, 9–7) S–Z (4–8, 8–3) Helianthus divaricatus hee-lee- Astilboides tabularis uh-stil-BOY- Solidago caesia sol-ih-DAY-go AN-thus dih-vair-ih-KAY-tus M–R deez tab-yew-LAIR-iss (5–7, 7–5) SEEZ-ee-uh (3–9, 9–1) (3–8, 8–2) Celtis occidentalis SEL-tiss ahk- Mahonia aquifolium mah-HO-nee- S. nemoralis S. neh-mor-AL-iss H. giganteus H. jy-gan-TEE-us sih-den-TAL-iss (2–9, 9–1) uh ah-kwi-FO-lee-um (5–9, 9–3) (2–9, 9–1) (3–8, 8–1) Cornus alternifolia KOR-nus al-tur- Osmanthus heterophyllus oz-MAN- S. patula S. PAT-yew-luh H. maximiliani H. maks-ih-mil-ee- nih-FO-lee-uh (4–8, 8–1) thuss het-ur-o-FIL-lus (7–9, 9–7) (4–8, 8–3) AN-eye (4–9, 9–4) C. amomum C. uh-MO-mum Pieris floribunda PY-er-iss flor-ih- S. speciosa S. spee-see-O-suh H. occidentalis H. ahk-sih-den- (5–8, 8–5) BUN-duh (5–8, 8–4) (5–9, 8–4) TAL-iss (5–9, 9–5) C. racemosa C. ras-eh-MO-suh Podophyllum difforme pah-doh-FIL- Syneilesis palmata sin-ee-LEE-sis Heliopsis helianthoides hee-lee- (4–8, 8–3) lum dy-FORM-ee (6–9, 8–6) pal-MAY-tuh (4–8, 8–1) OP-siss hee-lee-an-THOY-deez C. stolonifera C. sto-lon-IF-ur-uh P. pleianthum P. plee-AN-thum Vernonia gigantea vur-NO-nee-uh (4–9, 9–1) (3–8, 8–1) (6–8, 8–5) jy-GAN-tee-uh (5–9, 9–5) Crataegus crus-galli krah-TEE-gus Prunus americana PREW-nus V. missurica V. mih-ZUR-ih-kuh I–L kroos-GAL-lee (4–7, 7–1) uh-mair-ih-KAN-uh (3–8, 8–1) (3–8, 8–1) C. mollis C. MOL-lis (3–6, 6–1) Ilex glabra EYE-leks GLAB-ruh P. laurocerasus P. law-ro-SEH- Viburnum acerifolium vy-BUR-num C. phaenopyrum C. fee-no-PY-rum (5–9, 9–3) rah-sus (6–9, 9–6) ay-sur-ih-FO-lee-um (4–8, 8–1) ✕ ✕ (4–8, 8–1) I. meserveae I. meh-SER-vee-ee P. pennsylvanica P. pen-sil-VAN- V. burkwoodii V. burk-WOOD-ee- (5–9, 9–5) ih-kuh (6–8, 8–6) eye (5–8, 8–1) D–H Illicium floridanum ih-LISS-ee-um P. serotina P. sair-OAT-ih-nuh V. cylindricum V. sih-LIN-drih-kum flor-ih-DAN-um (7–9, 9–4) (4–8, 8–1) (6–8, 7–1) Darmera peltata DAR-mer-uh I. henryi I. HEN-ree-eye (7–9, 9–2) P. virginiana P. vir-jin-ee-AN-uh V. lentago V. len-TAY-go (2–8, 8–1) pel-TAY-tuh (5–8, 8–5) Kirengeshoma koreana kee-reng- (3–8, 8–1) V. opulus var. americanum V. OP- Dicentra eximia dy-SEN-truh geh-SHO-muh kor-ee-AN-uh Rheum palmatum REE-um pal- yew-lus var. uh-mair-ih-KAN-um eks-ZIM-ee-uh (3–8, 9–1) (5–8, 8–5) MAY-tum (5–9, 9–1) (2–8, 8–1) Diospyros virginiana dy-OS-pih-ros K. palmata K. pal-MAY-tuh R. rhabarbarum R. ruh-BAR-buh- V. prunifolium V. proo-nih-FO-lee- vir-jin-ee-AN-uh (4–9, 9–1) (5–8, 8–5) rum (5–8, 8–1) um (3–9, 9–1) Diphylleia cymosa dy-FILL-ee-uh Liatris aspera ly-AY-triss ASS-per- Rodgersia aesculifolia rah-JERZ- V. tinus V. TY-nus (8–10, 10–8) sih-MO-suh (4–8, 7–3) uh (3–9, 9–1) ee-uh es-kyew-lih-FO-lee-uh Eupatorium maculatum yew-puh- (5–8, 8–1)

62 the American Gardener

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