Wisconsin Native Plants Plant Type Genus and Species Common Name
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Effects of Agronomic Treatments on Silphium Integrifolium, a Potential Perennial Oilseed
Effects of Agronomic Treatments on Silphium integrifolium, a Potential Perennial Oilseed A Thesis SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Sydney A. Schiffner IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE Craig C. Sheaffer, Advisor August 2018 © Sydney Schiffner 2018 Acknowledgements I would first like to thank my advisor, Dr. Craig Sheaffer, for allowing me to pursue a degree in Applied Plant Sciences on the Agronomy/Agroecology track within his lab. I would next like to thank Dr. Jacob Jungers, and Dr. Nicole Tautges for their assistance with interpreting findings and help with statistical analysis on my data. Next I would like to thank lab technicians Joshua Larson, Lindsay Wilson and Donn Vellekson for their assistance in field management and data collection. Thanks also to the Sustainable Cropping System/Forages lab and all of the interns and MAST students that helped make my research possible with their dedication to good science and field research. This project was funded by the Malone Foundation through The Land Institute, and I would like to thank Dr. David Van Tassel at The Land Institute for being on call whenever I had any odd question about silphium. Thank you to my friends and family who have supported me through this rigorous scientific endeavor, and last of all thank you to my fellow graduate students. Without your fellowship for the past few years, I definitely wouldn’t have made it through graduate school, or had as much of a fun time going through it. -
Wild Ones Woodland Plant Sale
Native Woodland Plant Sale – 2014 Plant List and Order Form Important Dates Why Natives? Orders due For starters, native woodland plants are charming and beautiful plants with delicate Monday, April 21 and interesting foliage, exotic flower forms and interesting growth habits. Some Pickup bloom in earliest spring while others finish the season with a show of color. More Friday, April 25, 3:00 PM - 7:30 PM importantly though, the species offered by Wild Ones are native to Winnebago and Saturday, April 26, 9:00 AM - Noon surrounding counties. They were here before the Europeans arrived and they thrived in the environment in which they had evolved. Fauna, a term which includes insects, Pickup Location birds and mammals, evolved in association with native plants. The plants provided 15813 Anderson Rd. the fauna with nectar, pollen, seeds and vegetation as well as shelter and a source of Durand, IL 61024 nesting material and the insects and others helped the plants with pollination. Arrangements can be made for other pickup locations and dates. But do we want insects in our yard, living on our plants? Yes, we do. If we love the amazing hummingbird and other birds and enjoy butterflies we must provide food Woodland Plant Sale Coordinator for them. During the caterpillar, or larval stage, butterflies eat plant leaves. In turn, Barbara Flores - 815-289-8602 caterpillars become the protein rich food birds need. The many other small insects [email protected] which feed on native plants also take their place in the food web. Even though hummingbirds eat at feeders, nevertheless the adults require insects in order to have Woodland Plant Resources a complete and healthful diet. -
Rosa L.: Rose, Briar
Q&R genera Layout 1/31/08 12:24 PM Page 974 R Rosaceae—Rose family Rosa L. rose, briar Susan E. Meyer Dr. Meyer is a research ecologist at the USDA Forest Service’s Rocky Mountain Research Station Shrub Sciences Laboratory, Provo, Utah Growth habit, occurrence, and uses. The genus and act as seed dispersers (Gill and Pogge 1974). Wild roses Rosa is found primarily in the North Temperate Zone and are also utilized as browse by many wild and domestic includes about 200 species, with perhaps 20 that are native ungulates. Rose hips are an excellent source of vitamin C to the United States (table 1). Another 12 to 15 rose species and may also be consumed by humans (Densmore and have been introduced for horticultural purposes and are nat- Zasada 1977). Rose oil extracted from the fragrant petals is uralized to varying degrees. The nomenclature of the genus an important constituent of perfume. The principal use of is in a state of flux, making it difficult to number the species roses has clearly been in ornamental horticulture, and most with precision. The roses are erect, clambering, or climbing of the species treated here have been in cultivation for many shrubs with alternate, stipulate, pinnately compound leaves years (Gill and Pogge 1974). that have serrate leaflets. The plants are usually armed with Many roses are pioneer species that colonize distur- prickles or thorns. Many species are capable of clonal bances naturally. The thicket-forming species especially growth from underground rootstocks and tend to form thick- have potential for watershed stabilization and reclamation of ets. -
Working List of Prairie Restricted (Specialist) Insects in Wisconsin (11/26/2015)
Working List of Prairie Restricted (Specialist) Insects in Wisconsin (11/26/2015) By Richard Henderson Research Ecologist, WI DNR Bureau of Science Services Summary This is a preliminary list of insects that are either well known, or likely, to be closely associated with Wisconsin’s original native prairie. These species are mostly dependent upon remnants of original prairie, or plantings/restorations of prairie where their hosts have been re-established (see discussion below), and thus are rarely found outside of these settings. The list also includes some species tied to native ecosystems that grade into prairie, such as savannas, sand barrens, fens, sedge meadow, and shallow marsh. The list is annotated with known host(s) of each insect, and the likelihood of its presence in the state (see key at end of list for specifics). This working list is a byproduct of a prairie invertebrate study I coordinated from1995-2005 that covered 6 Midwestern states and included 14 cooperators. The project surveyed insects on prairie remnants and investigated the effects of fire on those insects. It was funded in part by a series of grants from the US Fish and Wildlife Service. So far, the list has 475 species. However, this is a partial list at best, representing approximately only ¼ of the prairie-specialist insects likely present in the region (see discussion below). Significant input to this list is needed, as there are major taxa groups missing or greatly under represented. Such absence is not necessarily due to few or no prairie-specialists in those groups, but due more to lack of knowledge about life histories (at least published knowledge), unsettled taxonomy, and lack of taxonomic specialists currently working in those groups. -
The Population Biology of Oak Gall Wasps (Hymenoptera:Cynipidae)
5 Nov 2001 10:11 AR AR147-21.tex AR147-21.SGM ARv2(2001/05/10) P1: GSR Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2002. 47:633–68 Copyright c 2002 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved THE POPULATION BIOLOGY OF OAK GALL WASPS (HYMENOPTERA:CYNIPIDAE) Graham N. Stone,1 Karsten Schonrogge,¨ 2 Rachel J. Atkinson,3 David Bellido,4 and Juli Pujade-Villar4 1Institute of Cell, Animal, and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, The King’s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, United Kingdom; e-mail: [email protected] 2Center of Ecology and Hydrology, CEH Dorset, Winfrith Technology Center, Winfrith Newburgh, Dorchester, Dorset DT2 8ZD, United Kingdom; e-mail: [email protected] 3Center for Conservation Science, Department of Biology, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom; e-mail: [email protected] 4Departamento de Biologia Animal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avenida Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; e-mail: [email protected] Key Words cyclical parthenogenesis, host alternation, food web, parasitoid, population dynamics ■ Abstract Oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini) are characterized by possession of complex cyclically parthenogenetic life cycles and the ability to induce a wide diversity of highly complex species- and generation-specific galls on oaks and other Fagaceae. The galls support species-rich, closed communities of inquilines and parasitoids that have become a model system in community ecology. We review recent advances in the ecology of oak cynipids, with particular emphasis on life cycle characteristics and the dynamics of the interactions between host plants, gall wasps, and natural enemies. We assess the importance of gall traits in structuring oak cynipid communities and summarize the evidence for bottom-up and top-down effects across trophic levels. -
Prairie Plant Profiles
Prairie Plant Profiles Freedom Trail Park Westfield, IN 1 Table of Contents The Importance of Prairies…………………………………………………… 3 Grasses and Sedges……………………………………………………….......... 4-9 Andropogon gerardii (Big Bluestem)…………………………………………………………. 4 Bouteloua curtipendula (Side-Oats Grama)…………………………………………………… 4 Carex bicknellii (Prairie Oval Sedge)…………………………………………………………. 5 Carex brevior (Plains Oval Sedge)……………………………………………………………. 5 Danthonia spicata (Poverty Oat Grass)……………………………………………………….. 6 Elymus canadensis (Canada Wild Rye)…………………………………….............................. 6 Elymus villosus (Silky Wild Rye)……………………………………………………………… 7 Elymus virginicus (Virginia Wild Rye)………………………………………........................... 7 Panicum virgatum (Switchgrass)……………………………………………………………… 8 Schizachyrium scoparium (Little Bluestem)…………………………………………............... 8 Sorghastrum nutans (Indian Grass)……………………………………...….............................. 9 Forbs……………………………………………………………………..……... 10-25 Asclepias incarnata (Swamp Milkweed)………………………………………………………. 10 Aster azureus (Sky Blue Aster)…………………………………………….….......................... 10 Aster laevis (Smooth Aster)………………………………………………….………………… 11 Aster novae-angliae (New England Aster)…………………………………..………………… 11 Baptisia leucantha (White False Indigo)………………………………………………………. 12 Coreopsis palmata (Prairie Coreopsis)………………………………………………………… 12 Coreopsis tripteris (Tall Coreopsis)…………………………………...………………………. 13 Echinacea pallida (Pale Purple Coneflower)……………………………….............................. 13 Echinacea purpurea (Purple Coneflower)……………………………………......................... -
Balancing Forage Production, Seed Yield, and Pest Management in the Perennial Sunflower Silphium Integrifolium (Asteraceae)
agronomy Article Balancing Forage Production, Seed Yield, and Pest Management in the Perennial Sunflower Silphium integrifolium (Asteraceae) Alejandra E. Vilela 1,* , Luciana González-Paleo 1, Damián A. Ravetta 1, Ebony G. Murrell 2 and David L. Van Tassel 2 1 Museo Egidio Feruglio-CONICET, Fontana 140, 9100 Trelew, Chubut, Argentina; [email protected] (L.G.-P.); [email protected] (D.A.R.) 2 The Land Institute, 2440 E Water Well Rd, Salina, KS 67401, USA; [email protected] (E.G.M.); [email protected] (D.L.V.T.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +54-280-443-2100 Received: 1 August 2020; Accepted: 23 September 2020; Published: 25 September 2020 Abstract: The perennial sunflower Silphium integrifolium Michx. (Asteraceae), also known as silflower, is a prospective dual-purpose forage plus grain crop. Pre-flowering biomass harvest for animal feed and the subsequent delay in plant growth and anthesis has the potential to benefit seed yield and/or offset yield loss from native pests, such as the native North American Eucosma giganteana (Lepidopera: Tortricidae). The aim of this study was to develop a cropping technology for silflower to (A) balance forage and grain production and (B) minimize seed loss. Silflower produced high-quality forage, but biomass harvest in early spring reduced same-season seed production by 45%. Despite significantly delaying flowering, forage harvest alone did not effectively reduce Eucosma colonization, although treating plants with the insecticide permethrin did reduce colonization. Our results do not support the proposal that S. integrifolium could be profitably harvested for both high quality forage and as an oilseed grain within the same season. -
Eucosma Giganteana (Riley) and Sliphium Perfoliatum L., Morphological Variation in an Insect-Plant Association in Eastern South Dakota
South Dakota State University Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange Department of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Native Plant Focused Publications Plant Science 2019 Eucosma giganteana (Riley) and Sliphium perfoliatum L., Morphological Variation in an Insect-Plant Association in Eastern South Dakota Paul J. Johnson Arvid Boe Abigail P. Martens Follow this and additional works at: https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/nativeplant_pubs Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, Entomology Commons, and the Plant Sciences Commons Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science, Vol. 98 (2019) 91 EUCOSMA GIGANTEANA (RILEY) AND SILPHIUM PERFOLIATUM L., MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION IN AN INSECT-PLANT ASSOCIATION IN EASTERN SOUTH DAKOTA Paul J. Johnson1,2*, Arvid Boe1, and Abigail P. Martens1,2 1Department of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science 2Insect Biodiversity Lab South Dakota State University Brookings, SD 57007 *Corresponding author email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Silphium perfoliatum L., cup plant, has potential as a new multi-purpose crop. It is pollinator-friendly and has biodiversity enhancement, conservation, eco- nomic, and medical potential. In eastern South Dakota, S. perfoliatum can pro- duce more than 20 Mg (million grams) ha-1 of biomass and 0.09 Mg ha-1 of seed in agronomic plantings. The giant eucosma moth, Eucosma giganteana (Riley), is a major pest of agronomic S. perfoliatum in the region. We provide a summary of this insect and its association with its host. Our experimental objectives were to determine if the frequency of rhizome occupation by late instar larvae and if their final prepupal size were influenced by plant genetic or environmental effects. -
Tritrophic Interactions and Reproductive Fitness of the Prairie Perennial Silphium Laciniatum Gillette (Asteraceae)
PLANTÐINSECT INTERACTIONS Tritrophic Interactions and Reproductive Fitness of the Prairie Perennial Silphium laciniatum Gillette (Asteraceae) 1 2 JOHN F. TOOKER AND LAWRENCE M. HANKS Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801 Environ. Entomol. 35(2): 537Ð545 (2006) ABSTRACT Recent studies have revealed that natural enemies can inßuence reproductive success of plants by eliminating their herbivores, thereby reducing damage to photosynthetic or reproductive tissues. Some plant species apparently have evolved “indirect defenses” in response to such top-down selective pressures, producing volatile compounds that are used as cues by natural enemies searching for their herbivorous hosts. The research summarized in this article evaluates the potential for such top-down inßuences on plant Þtness in an endemic prairie system and the role of plant volatiles in location of hosts by parasitoids. The study system was comprised of the prairie perennial Silphium laciniatum L. (Asteraceae), the gall wasp Antistrophus rufus Gillette (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), and its parasitoid Eurytoma lutea Bugbee (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). In common garden experiments, we assessed the impact of gall wasp herbivory on growth and reproduction of S. laciniatum and the mediating inßuence of the parasitoid using three treatments: plants caged with gall wasps, plants caged with gall wasps and parasitoids, and control plants caged without gall wasps. Despite technical difÞculties in excluding wild gall wasps and parasitoids, plants caged with gall wasps ßowered later than control plants and had reduced reproductive output, producing shorter ßowering stems and fewer and smaller seeds of lower viability. The parasitoid apparently “rescued” plant reproduction by killing gall wasp larvae, resulting in larger seeds that were more likely to germinate. -
Theo Witsell Botanical Report on Lake Atalanta Park November 2013
A Rapid Terrestrial Ecological Assessment of Lake Atalanta Park, City of Rogers, Benton County, Arkansas Prairie grasses including big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii), little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium), and side‐oats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula) thrive in a southwest‐facing limestone glade overlooking Lake Atalanta. This area, on a steep hillside east of the Lake Atalanta dam, contains some of the highest quality natural communities remaining in the park. By Theo Witsell Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission November 30, 2013 CONTENTS Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 3 Background and History ................................................................................................................................ 3 Site Description ............................................................................................................................................. 4 General Description .................................................................................................................................. 4 Karst Features ........................................................................................................................................... 5 Ecological Significance .............................................................................................................................. 5 Plant Communities ................................................................................................................................... -
Observations on the Distribution and Ecology of Sida Hermaphrodita (1.) Rusby (Malvaceae)
OBSERVATIONS ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF SIDA HERMAPHRODITA (1.) RUSBY (MALVACEAE) DAVID M. SPOONER Departmentof Botany, The OhioState University Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A. ALLISON W. CUSICK Ohio Dept. of Natural Resources,Division of Natural Areas & Preserves Columbus, OH 43224, U.S.A. GEORGE F. HALL Departmentof Agronomy,The Ohio State University Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A. JERRY M. BASKIN School of Biological Sciences, University of Kentucky Lexington, KY 40506, U.S.A. ABSTRACT Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby (Malvaceae) is a perennial herb of riverine habitats in the northeastern and midwestern United States that presently is under consideration for listing as a federally endangered or threatened species. Although the species is rare in most sections of its range, it is locally common in a limited area along the Kanawha and Ohio rivers in West Virginia and Ohio. In contrast to previous reports, evidence is presented that Sida hermaphrodita is indigenous to the Great Lakes drainage. Its disttibution and abundance is not limited either by soil type or by low seed viability or germination potencial. Gametophytic and sporophytic chromosome numbers are 14 and 28, respectively. Al- though Sida hermaphrodita is not immediately in danger of extinction, its habitat continues to be severely altered by man, and no populations of this species presently are protected from destruction. INTRODUCTION Sida hermaphrodita (1.) Rusby (Malvaceae) (Virginia mallow, River mallow) is a polycarpic perennial herb of open, moist, sunny to partly shad- ed riverine habitats. The species is the only member of Pseudonapaea A. Gray, a section without close affinity to any other section in the genus (Clement 1957; Fryxell 1985). -
Virginia Mallow (Sida Hermaphrodita) Is a Tall Perennial Herb of the Mallow Family
COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report on the Virginia Mallow Sida hermaphrodita in Canada ENDANGERED 2010 COSEWIC status reports are working documents used in assigning the status of wildlife species suspected of being at risk. This report may be cited as follows: COSEWIC. 2010. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Virginia Mallow Sida hermaphrodita in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. ix + 18 pp. (www.sararegistry.gc.ca/status/status_e.cfm). Production note: COSEWIC would like to acknowledge Melinda J. Thompson-Black for writing the status report on the Virginia Mallow, Sida hermaphrodita, in Canada, prepared under contract with Environment Canada, overseen and edited by Erich Haber, Co-chair, COSEWIC Vascular Plants Species Specialist Subcommittee. For additional copies contact: COSEWIC Secretariat c/o Canadian Wildlife Service Environment Canada Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3 Tel.: 819-953-3215 Fax: 819-994-3684 E-mail: COSEWIC/[email protected] http://www.cosewic.gc.ca Également disponible en français sous le titre Ếvaluation et Rapport de situation du COSEPAC sur le mauve de Virginie (Sida hermaphrodita) au Canada. Cover illustration/photo: Virginia Mallow — Thompson-Black 2008. ©Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2010. Catalogue CW69-14/611-2010E-PDF ISBN 978-1-100-16081-8 Recycled paper COSEWIC Assessment Summary Assessment Summary – April 2010 Common name Virginia Mallow Scientific name Sida hermaphrodita Status Endangered Reason for designation This globally rare showy perennial herb of the mallow family occurs in open riparian and wetland habitats where it reproduces by seed and asexually by spreading rhizomes. Only two small populations, separated by about 35 km, are known from southwestern Ontario where they are at risk from continued decline in habitat area and quality due to an aggressive invasive grass and quarry expansion.