MBG Index Seminum 2017
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Effects of Agronomic Treatments on Silphium Integrifolium, a Potential Perennial Oilseed
Effects of Agronomic Treatments on Silphium integrifolium, a Potential Perennial Oilseed A Thesis SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Sydney A. Schiffner IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE Craig C. Sheaffer, Advisor August 2018 © Sydney Schiffner 2018 Acknowledgements I would first like to thank my advisor, Dr. Craig Sheaffer, for allowing me to pursue a degree in Applied Plant Sciences on the Agronomy/Agroecology track within his lab. I would next like to thank Dr. Jacob Jungers, and Dr. Nicole Tautges for their assistance with interpreting findings and help with statistical analysis on my data. Next I would like to thank lab technicians Joshua Larson, Lindsay Wilson and Donn Vellekson for their assistance in field management and data collection. Thanks also to the Sustainable Cropping System/Forages lab and all of the interns and MAST students that helped make my research possible with their dedication to good science and field research. This project was funded by the Malone Foundation through The Land Institute, and I would like to thank Dr. David Van Tassel at The Land Institute for being on call whenever I had any odd question about silphium. Thank you to my friends and family who have supported me through this rigorous scientific endeavor, and last of all thank you to my fellow graduate students. Without your fellowship for the past few years, I definitely wouldn’t have made it through graduate school, or had as much of a fun time going through it. -
The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts
The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: A County Checklist • First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Somers Bruce Sorrie and Paul Connolly, Bryan Cullina, Melissa Dow Revision • First A County Checklist Plants of Massachusetts: Vascular The A County Checklist First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Massachusetts Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program The Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program (NHESP), part of the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, is one of the programs forming the Natural Heritage network. NHESP is responsible for the conservation and protection of hundreds of species that are not hunted, fished, trapped, or commercially harvested in the state. The Program's highest priority is protecting the 176 species of vertebrate and invertebrate animals and 259 species of native plants that are officially listed as Endangered, Threatened or of Special Concern in Massachusetts. Endangered species conservation in Massachusetts depends on you! A major source of funding for the protection of rare and endangered species comes from voluntary donations on state income tax forms. Contributions go to the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Fund, which provides a portion of the operating budget for the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program. NHESP protects rare species through biological inventory, -
Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese -
Working List of Prairie Restricted (Specialist) Insects in Wisconsin (11/26/2015)
Working List of Prairie Restricted (Specialist) Insects in Wisconsin (11/26/2015) By Richard Henderson Research Ecologist, WI DNR Bureau of Science Services Summary This is a preliminary list of insects that are either well known, or likely, to be closely associated with Wisconsin’s original native prairie. These species are mostly dependent upon remnants of original prairie, or plantings/restorations of prairie where their hosts have been re-established (see discussion below), and thus are rarely found outside of these settings. The list also includes some species tied to native ecosystems that grade into prairie, such as savannas, sand barrens, fens, sedge meadow, and shallow marsh. The list is annotated with known host(s) of each insect, and the likelihood of its presence in the state (see key at end of list for specifics). This working list is a byproduct of a prairie invertebrate study I coordinated from1995-2005 that covered 6 Midwestern states and included 14 cooperators. The project surveyed insects on prairie remnants and investigated the effects of fire on those insects. It was funded in part by a series of grants from the US Fish and Wildlife Service. So far, the list has 475 species. However, this is a partial list at best, representing approximately only ¼ of the prairie-specialist insects likely present in the region (see discussion below). Significant input to this list is needed, as there are major taxa groups missing or greatly under represented. Such absence is not necessarily due to few or no prairie-specialists in those groups, but due more to lack of knowledge about life histories (at least published knowledge), unsettled taxonomy, and lack of taxonomic specialists currently working in those groups. -
Prairie Plant Profiles
Prairie Plant Profiles Freedom Trail Park Westfield, IN 1 Table of Contents The Importance of Prairies…………………………………………………… 3 Grasses and Sedges……………………………………………………….......... 4-9 Andropogon gerardii (Big Bluestem)…………………………………………………………. 4 Bouteloua curtipendula (Side-Oats Grama)…………………………………………………… 4 Carex bicknellii (Prairie Oval Sedge)…………………………………………………………. 5 Carex brevior (Plains Oval Sedge)……………………………………………………………. 5 Danthonia spicata (Poverty Oat Grass)……………………………………………………….. 6 Elymus canadensis (Canada Wild Rye)…………………………………….............................. 6 Elymus villosus (Silky Wild Rye)……………………………………………………………… 7 Elymus virginicus (Virginia Wild Rye)………………………………………........................... 7 Panicum virgatum (Switchgrass)……………………………………………………………… 8 Schizachyrium scoparium (Little Bluestem)…………………………………………............... 8 Sorghastrum nutans (Indian Grass)……………………………………...….............................. 9 Forbs……………………………………………………………………..……... 10-25 Asclepias incarnata (Swamp Milkweed)………………………………………………………. 10 Aster azureus (Sky Blue Aster)…………………………………………….….......................... 10 Aster laevis (Smooth Aster)………………………………………………….………………… 11 Aster novae-angliae (New England Aster)…………………………………..………………… 11 Baptisia leucantha (White False Indigo)………………………………………………………. 12 Coreopsis palmata (Prairie Coreopsis)………………………………………………………… 12 Coreopsis tripteris (Tall Coreopsis)…………………………………...………………………. 13 Echinacea pallida (Pale Purple Coneflower)……………………………….............................. 13 Echinacea purpurea (Purple Coneflower)……………………………………......................... -
Balancing Forage Production, Seed Yield, and Pest Management in the Perennial Sunflower Silphium Integrifolium (Asteraceae)
agronomy Article Balancing Forage Production, Seed Yield, and Pest Management in the Perennial Sunflower Silphium integrifolium (Asteraceae) Alejandra E. Vilela 1,* , Luciana González-Paleo 1, Damián A. Ravetta 1, Ebony G. Murrell 2 and David L. Van Tassel 2 1 Museo Egidio Feruglio-CONICET, Fontana 140, 9100 Trelew, Chubut, Argentina; [email protected] (L.G.-P.); [email protected] (D.A.R.) 2 The Land Institute, 2440 E Water Well Rd, Salina, KS 67401, USA; [email protected] (E.G.M.); [email protected] (D.L.V.T.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +54-280-443-2100 Received: 1 August 2020; Accepted: 23 September 2020; Published: 25 September 2020 Abstract: The perennial sunflower Silphium integrifolium Michx. (Asteraceae), also known as silflower, is a prospective dual-purpose forage plus grain crop. Pre-flowering biomass harvest for animal feed and the subsequent delay in plant growth and anthesis has the potential to benefit seed yield and/or offset yield loss from native pests, such as the native North American Eucosma giganteana (Lepidopera: Tortricidae). The aim of this study was to develop a cropping technology for silflower to (A) balance forage and grain production and (B) minimize seed loss. Silflower produced high-quality forage, but biomass harvest in early spring reduced same-season seed production by 45%. Despite significantly delaying flowering, forage harvest alone did not effectively reduce Eucosma colonization, although treating plants with the insecticide permethrin did reduce colonization. Our results do not support the proposal that S. integrifolium could be profitably harvested for both high quality forage and as an oilseed grain within the same season. -
Comparative Anatomy of Ovules in Galinsoga, Solidago and Ratibida (Asteraceae)
ACTA BIOLOGICA CRACOVIENSIA Series Botanica 56/2: 115–125, 2014 DOI: 10.2478/abcsb-2014-0024 COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF OVULES IN GALINSOGA, SOLIDAGO AND RATIBIDA (ASTERACEAE) JOLANTA KOLCZYK1, PIOTR STOLARCZYK2, AND BARTOSZ J. PŁACHNO1* 1Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Cracow, Poland 2Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Cracow, Poland Manuscript submitted September 9, 2014; revision accepted October 22, 2014 Many Asteraceae species have been introduced into horticulture as ornamental or interesting exotic plants. Some of them, including Solidago and Galinsoga, are now aggressive weeds; others such as Ratibida are not. Special modifications of the ovule tissue and the occurrence of nutritive tissue have been described in several Asteraceae species, including invasive Taraxacum species. This study examined whether such modifications might also occur in other genera. We found that the three genera examined – Galinsoga (G. quadriradiata), Solidago (S. canadensis, S. rigida, S. gigantea) and Ratibida (R. pinnata) – differed in their nutritive tissue structure. According to changes in the integument, we identified three types of ovules in Asteraceae: “Taraxacum” type (recorded in Taraxacum, Bellis, Solidago, Chondrilla), with well-developed nutritive tissue having very swollen cell walls of spongy structure; “Galinsoga” type (in Galinsoga), in which the nutritive tissue cells have more cyto- plasm and thicker cell walls than the other integument parenchyma cells, and in which the most prominent character of the nutritive tissue cells is well-developed rough ER; and “Ratibida” type (in Ratibida), in which the nutritive tissue is only slightly developed and consists of large highly vacuolated cells. -
National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands 1996
National List of Vascular Plant Species that Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary Indicator by Region and Subregion Scientific Name/ North North Central South Inter- National Subregion Northeast Southeast Central Plains Plains Plains Southwest mountain Northwest California Alaska Caribbean Hawaii Indicator Range Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes FACU FACU UPL UPL,FACU Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. FAC FACW FAC,FACW Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. NI NI NI NI NI UPL UPL Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. FACU FACU FACU Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. FACU-* NI FACU-* Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. NI NI FACU+ FACU- FACU FAC UPL UPL,FAC Abies magnifica A. Murr. NI UPL NI FACU UPL,FACU Abildgaardia ovata (Burm. f.) Kral FACW+ FAC+ FAC+,FACW+ Abutilon theophrasti Medik. UPL FACU- FACU- UPL UPL UPL UPL UPL NI NI UPL,FACU- Acacia choriophylla Benth. FAC* FAC* Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. FACU NI NI* NI NI FACU Acacia greggii Gray UPL UPL FACU FACU UPL,FACU Acacia macracantha Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. NI FAC FAC Acacia minuta ssp. minuta (M.E. Jones) Beauchamp FACU FACU Acaena exigua Gray OBL OBL Acalypha bisetosa Bertol. ex Spreng. FACW FACW Acalypha virginica L. FACU- FACU- FAC- FACU- FACU- FACU* FACU-,FAC- Acalypha virginica var. rhomboidea (Raf.) Cooperrider FACU- FAC- FACU FACU- FACU- FACU* FACU-,FAC- Acanthocereus tetragonus (L.) Humm. FAC* NI NI FAC* Acanthomintha ilicifolia (Gray) Gray FAC* FAC* Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl OBL OBL Acer circinatum Pursh FAC- FAC NI FAC-,FAC Acer glabrum Torr. FAC FAC FAC FACU FACU* FAC FACU FACU*,FAC Acer grandidentatum Nutt. -
Eucosma Giganteana (Riley) and Sliphium Perfoliatum L., Morphological Variation in an Insect-Plant Association in Eastern South Dakota
South Dakota State University Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange Department of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Native Plant Focused Publications Plant Science 2019 Eucosma giganteana (Riley) and Sliphium perfoliatum L., Morphological Variation in an Insect-Plant Association in Eastern South Dakota Paul J. Johnson Arvid Boe Abigail P. Martens Follow this and additional works at: https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/nativeplant_pubs Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, Entomology Commons, and the Plant Sciences Commons Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science, Vol. 98 (2019) 91 EUCOSMA GIGANTEANA (RILEY) AND SILPHIUM PERFOLIATUM L., MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION IN AN INSECT-PLANT ASSOCIATION IN EASTERN SOUTH DAKOTA Paul J. Johnson1,2*, Arvid Boe1, and Abigail P. Martens1,2 1Department of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science 2Insect Biodiversity Lab South Dakota State University Brookings, SD 57007 *Corresponding author email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Silphium perfoliatum L., cup plant, has potential as a new multi-purpose crop. It is pollinator-friendly and has biodiversity enhancement, conservation, eco- nomic, and medical potential. In eastern South Dakota, S. perfoliatum can pro- duce more than 20 Mg (million grams) ha-1 of biomass and 0.09 Mg ha-1 of seed in agronomic plantings. The giant eucosma moth, Eucosma giganteana (Riley), is a major pest of agronomic S. perfoliatum in the region. We provide a summary of this insect and its association with its host. Our experimental objectives were to determine if the frequency of rhizome occupation by late instar larvae and if their final prepupal size were influenced by plant genetic or environmental effects. -
Tritrophic Interactions and Reproductive Fitness of the Prairie Perennial Silphium Laciniatum Gillette (Asteraceae)
PLANTÐINSECT INTERACTIONS Tritrophic Interactions and Reproductive Fitness of the Prairie Perennial Silphium laciniatum Gillette (Asteraceae) 1 2 JOHN F. TOOKER AND LAWRENCE M. HANKS Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801 Environ. Entomol. 35(2): 537Ð545 (2006) ABSTRACT Recent studies have revealed that natural enemies can inßuence reproductive success of plants by eliminating their herbivores, thereby reducing damage to photosynthetic or reproductive tissues. Some plant species apparently have evolved “indirect defenses” in response to such top-down selective pressures, producing volatile compounds that are used as cues by natural enemies searching for their herbivorous hosts. The research summarized in this article evaluates the potential for such top-down inßuences on plant Þtness in an endemic prairie system and the role of plant volatiles in location of hosts by parasitoids. The study system was comprised of the prairie perennial Silphium laciniatum L. (Asteraceae), the gall wasp Antistrophus rufus Gillette (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), and its parasitoid Eurytoma lutea Bugbee (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). In common garden experiments, we assessed the impact of gall wasp herbivory on growth and reproduction of S. laciniatum and the mediating inßuence of the parasitoid using three treatments: plants caged with gall wasps, plants caged with gall wasps and parasitoids, and control plants caged without gall wasps. Despite technical difÞculties in excluding wild gall wasps and parasitoids, plants caged with gall wasps ßowered later than control plants and had reduced reproductive output, producing shorter ßowering stems and fewer and smaller seeds of lower viability. The parasitoid apparently “rescued” plant reproduction by killing gall wasp larvae, resulting in larger seeds that were more likely to germinate. -
Theo Witsell Botanical Report on Lake Atalanta Park November 2013
A Rapid Terrestrial Ecological Assessment of Lake Atalanta Park, City of Rogers, Benton County, Arkansas Prairie grasses including big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii), little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium), and side‐oats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula) thrive in a southwest‐facing limestone glade overlooking Lake Atalanta. This area, on a steep hillside east of the Lake Atalanta dam, contains some of the highest quality natural communities remaining in the park. By Theo Witsell Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission November 30, 2013 CONTENTS Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 3 Background and History ................................................................................................................................ 3 Site Description ............................................................................................................................................. 4 General Description .................................................................................................................................. 4 Karst Features ........................................................................................................................................... 5 Ecological Significance .............................................................................................................................. 5 Plant Communities ................................................................................................................................... -
Rare Plants of Louisiana
Rare Plants of Louisiana Agalinis filicaulis - purple false-foxglove Figwort Family (Scrophulariaceae) Rarity Rank: S2/G3G4 Range: AL, FL, LA, MS Recognition: Photo by John Hays • Short annual, 10 to 50 cm tall, with stems finely wiry, spindly • Stems simple to few-branched • Leaves opposite, scale-like, about 1mm long, barely perceptible to the unaided eye • Flowers few in number, mostly born singly or in pairs from the highest node of a branchlet • Pedicels filiform, 5 to 10 mm long, subtending bracts minute • Calyx 2 mm long, lobes short-deltoid, with broad shallow sinuses between lobes • Corolla lavender-pink, without lines or spots within, 10 to 13 mm long, exterior glabrous • Capsule globe-like, nearly half exerted from calyx Flowering Time: September to November Light Requirement: Full sun to partial shade Wetland Indicator Status: FAC – similar likelihood of occurring in both wetlands and non-wetlands Habitat: Wet longleaf pine flatwoods savannahs and hillside seepage bogs. Threats: • Conversion of habitat to pine plantations (bedding, dense tree spacing, etc.) • Residential and commercial development • Fire exclusion, allowing invasion of habitat by woody species • Hydrologic alteration directly (e.g. ditching) and indirectly (fire suppression allowing higher tree density and more large-diameter trees) Beneficial Management Practices: • Thinning (during very dry periods), targeting off-site species such as loblolly and slash pines for removal • Prescribed burning, establishing a regime consisting of mostly growing season (May-June) burns Rare Plants of Louisiana LA River Basins: Pearl, Pontchartrain, Mermentau, Calcasieu, Sabine Side view of flower. Photo by John Hays References: Godfrey, R. K. and J. W. Wooten.