Farleigh Hungerford Castle Norton St Philip Somerset
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Farleigh Hungerford Castle Norton St Philip Somerset Archaeological Watching Brief for English Heritage CA Project: 5993 CA Report: 16671 SMC Reference: S00140870 December 2016 Farleigh Hungerford Castle Norton St Philip Somerset Archaeological Watching Brief CA Project: 5993 CA Report: 16671 Document Control Grid Revision Date Author Checked by Status Reasons for Approved revision by A 8 Michael Steven Draft Cliff December Joyce Sheldon Bateman 2016 This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission. © Cotswold Archaeology © Cotswold Archaeology Farleigh Hungerford Castle, Norton St Philip, Somerset: Archaeological Watching Brief CONTENTS SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................... 2 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 3 2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND ................................................................ 3 3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES ................................................................................... 5 4. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................... 5 5. RESULTS (FIG. 2) ............................................................................................. 5 6. DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................... 6 7. CA PROJECT TEAM .......................................................................................... 6 8. REFERENCES ................................................................................................... 6 APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS .................................................................... 7 APPENDIX B: OASIS REPORT FORM........................................................................... 8 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1 Site location plan (1:25,000) Fig. 2 The site, showing location of groundworks (1:100) Fig. 3 Photograph 1 © Cotswold Archaeology Farleigh Hungerford Castle, Norton St Philip, Somerset: Archaeological Watching Brief SUMMARY Project Name: Farleigh Hungerford Castle Location: Norton St Philip, Somerset NGR: ST 380092 157636 Type: Watching Brief Date: 22 November 2016 SMC: Ref: S00140870 Location of Archive: To be deposited with Somerset Museum Service Site Code: NSP 16 An archaeological watching brief was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology during groundworks associated with the excavation and removal of existing bollards and the installation of new lift assist bollards at Farleigh Hungerford Castle, Norton St Philip, Somerset. No features or deposits of archaeological interest were observed during the groundworks and no artefactual material was recovered. 2 © Cotswold Archaeology Farleigh Hungerford Castle, Norton St Philip, Somerset: Archaeological Watching Brief 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 In November 2016 Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological watching brief for English Heritage at Farleigh Hungerford Castle, Norton St Philip, Somerset (centred on NGR: ST 380092 157636; Fig. 1), during the excavation and removal of existing bollards and the installation of new lift assist bollards in the same excavations. 1.2 The watching brief was carried out following a request by English Heritage based on recommendation made by Hugh Beamish, Inspector of Ancient Monuments for Historic England (HE) and in accordance with Scheduled Monument Consent (SMC) granted by Historic England (Ref: S00140870). The watching brief followed a detailed Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) produced by CA (2016) and approved by Hugh Beamish, HE. The fieldwork followed the Standard and guidance: Archaeological watching brief (CIfA 2014) and the Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment (MORPHE): Project Manager’s Guide (HE 2015). The site 1.3 Farleigh Hungerford Castle is situated on a promontory of high ground on the south bank of the River Frome, immediately to the north of the modern A366. The groundworks for the replacement bollards were located within two existing driveways immediately to the south-east of the castle’s East Gate. The driveways lie at approximately 51m AOD, with the ground level rising gradually from east to west. 1.4 The solid geology of the site is mapped as Chalfield Oolite Formation-Limestone of the Jurassic Period. No superficial deposits are recorded (BGS 2016). The natural substrate was not observed during the watching brief due to the level of modern truncation encountered. 2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND 2.1 The proposed replacement bollards lie within the area of the Scheduled Monument (SM) Farleigh Hungerford Castle (National Monument Number 1015871) and 3 © Cotswold Archaeology Farleigh Hungerford Castle, Norton St Philip, Somerset: Archaeological Watching Brief therefore within an area of high archaeological significance. The following history of the site is taken from the List Entry (No: 1410041; Historic England 2015): 2.2 From the reign of William II to Edward III, Farleigh was held by the Montfort family and their original early 14th-century manor house was located on the site of the castle. In 1369-70 the manor was bought by Sir Thomas de Hungerford who fortified the manor house and built the hall and inner court in 1380-90. His son, Sir Walter Hungerford, added the outer court and moat in 1420-30. Although the castle is said to have prospered for about 300 years, it was described as being in a 'very ruinous' state by 1701. 2.3 The inner court lies at the north-western end of the castle and is surrounded by a curtain wall and towers. It was divided into living quarters that included a hall and a kitchen, both of which survive today as wall footings and substructures. The north- east and north-west towers survive only as ruins, but the south-west and south-east towers remain partially upstanding. The curtain wall survives to its full height in a few places but is ruinous elsewhere. A watching brief, carried out in 2005 on the northern edge of the site, concluded that the castle bank in that location is part of the original build, although it had been subject to collapse in two places (Rodwell 2005). 2.4 The outer court is formed by a curtain wall which abuts the inner court and encloses an area of c. 3000m2. Within the enclosed area stands the mid 14th-century Chapel of St Leonard, which originally stood outside the castle defences and acted as the parish church. Between 1973 and 1976 archaeological excavations were carried out to the north of the chapel and across the ditch and curtain wall of the west side of the outer court (Wilcox 1981). These excavations provided information on the defences on the south west side of the castle, and confirmed the existence of an earlier church under the extant chapel (ibid.). 2.5 The main entrance into the outer court was through the East Gate, originally via a drawbridge, but subsequently over a causeway. A number of domestic buildings, erected in the early part of the 17th-century, are located immediately to the south- west of the East Gate (i.e. outside of the curtain wall of the outer court). 4 © Cotswold Archaeology Farleigh Hungerford Castle, Norton St Philip, Somerset: Archaeological Watching Brief 3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 3.1 The objectives of the archaeological works were: • to monitor groundworks, and to identify, investigate and record all significant buried archaeological deposits revealed on the site during the course of the development groundworks; • at the conclusion of the project, to produce an integrated archive for the project work and a report setting out the results of the project and the archaeological conclusions that can be drawn from the recorded data. 4. METHODOLOGY 4.1 The fieldwork followed the methodology set out within the WSI (CA 2016). An archaeologist was present during intrusive groundworks comprising the excavation and removal of existing bollards and the installation of new lift assist bollards in the same excavations (Trenches 1-3; see Fig. 2 for location and extent). 4.2 Where archaeological deposits were encountered written, graphic and photographic records were compiled in accordance with CA Technical Manual 1: Fieldwork Recording Manual. 4.3 The archive from the watching brief is currently held by CA at their offices in Kemble and will be deposited with Somerset Museum Service. A summary of information from this project, set out within Appendix B, will be entered onto the OASIS online database of archaeological projects in Britain. 5. RESULTS (FIG. 2) 5.1 Trenches 1-3 were excavated to a maximum depth of 1.2m below the present ground level (bpgl) and were entirely contained within the previous excavations for the existing bollards. The earliest deposits identified in these trenches related to the backfilling of these excavations. These deposits were overlain by modern bedding/levelling deposits, typically measuring 0.2m in thickness, for the modern tarmac driveway surfaces. 5 © Cotswold Archaeology Farleigh Hungerford Castle, Norton St Philip, Somerset: Archaeological Watching Brief 5.2 No features or deposits of archaeological interest were observed during groundworks and, despite visual scanning of spoil, no artefactual material was recovered. 6. DISCUSSION 6.1 Despite the archaeological