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Integration and Conflict in Indonesia's Spice Islands
Volume 15 | Issue 11 | Number 4 | Article ID 5045 | Jun 01, 2017 The Asia-Pacific Journal | Japan Focus Integration and Conflict in Indonesia’s Spice Islands David Adam Stott Tucked away in a remote corner of eastern violence, in 1999 Maluku was divided into two Indonesia, between the much larger islands of provinces – Maluku and North Maluku - but this New Guinea and Sulawesi, lies Maluku, a small paper refers to both provinces combined as archipelago that over the last millennia has ‘Maluku’ unless stated otherwise. been disproportionately influential in world history. Largely unknown outside of Indonesia Given the scale of violence in Indonesia after today, Maluku is the modern name for the Suharto’s fall in May 1998, the country’s Moluccas, the fabled Spice Islands that were continuing viability as a nation state was the only place where nutmeg and cloves grew questioned. During this period, the spectre of in the fifteenth century. Christopher Columbus Balkanization was raised regularly in both had set out to find the Moluccas but mistakenly academic circles and mainstream media as the happened upon a hitherto unknown continent country struggled to cope with economic between Europe and Asia, and Moluccan spices reverse, terrorism, separatist campaigns and later became the raison d’etre for the European communal conflict in the post-Suharto presence in the Indonesian archipelago. The transition. With Yugoslavia’s violent breakup Dutch East India Company Company (VOC; fresh in memory, and not long after the demise Verenigde Oost-indische Compagnie) was of the Soviet Union, Indonesia was portrayed as established to control the lucrative spice trade, the next patchwork state that would implode. -
B. Tahitu the Sound System of Melaju Sini: Malay As Spoken by Younger Moluccans in the Netherlands
B. Tahitu The sound system of Melaju Sini: Malay as spoken by younger Moluccans in the Netherlands In: Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 144 (1988), no: 2/3, Leiden, 276-296 This PDF-file was downloaded from http://www.kitlv-journals.nl Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 03:07:19PM via free access BERT TAHITU THE SOUND SYSTEM OF MELAJU SINI: MALAY AS SPOKEN BY YOUNGER MOLUCCANS IN THE NETHERLANDS1 I. Introduction 1. As is generally known, the term 'Malay' is used for a wide range of linguistic varieties (Steinhauer 1980, 1987, forthcoming; de Vries 1980): it covers structurally distinct standardized varieties (Indonesian, Malaysian), dialects and dialect chains (along the east coast of Sumatra, the coastal areas of Borrieo and in the Malay peninsula), and, finally, a number of pidginized varieties (such as Bazaar Malay) and 'creoles'. The latter arose in urbanized centres where people from different linguistic backgrounds met and settled. These people presumably used a reduced form of Malay as their common means of communication, which subse- quently became the mother tongue of the next generations, again devel- oping into a fully fledged language. One such creole arose in Ambon town some 400 years ago (cf. Steinhauer forthcoming).2 This Ambonese Malay (henceforth AM) is only distantly related to the many Austronesian local vernaculars which are still spoken in most of the villages throughout the Moluccas (cf. Blust 1978; Collins 1983, 1985; Ekris 1864-65; Hoëvell 1876, 1877; Stresemann 1927). In many villages of the Ambon-Lease archipelago (which comprises the islands of Ambon, Saparua, Nusa Laut and Haruku) the use of these so-called i 1 The research for this article was supported by the Foundation for Linguistic Research, which is funded by the Netherlands Organization for the Advancement of Pure Research, ZWO (project number G. -
From Paradise Lost to Promised Land: Christianity and the Rise of West
School of History & Politics & Centre for Asia Pacific Social Transformation Studies (CAPSTRANS) University of Wollongong From Paradise Lost to Promised Land Christianity and the Rise of West Papuan Nationalism Susanna Grazia Rizzo A Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) of the University of Wollongong 2004 “Religion (…) constitutes the universal horizon and foundation of the nation’s existence. It is in terms of religion that a nation defines what it considers to be true”. G. W. F. Hegel, Lectures on the of Philosophy of World History. Abstract In 1953 Aarne Koskinen’s book, The Missionary Influence as a Political Factor in the Pacific Islands, appeared on the shelves of the academic world, adding further fuel to the longstanding debate in anthropological and historical studies regarding the role and effects of missionary activity in colonial settings. Koskinen’s finding supported the general view amongst anthropologists and historians that missionary activity had a negative impact on non-Western populations, wiping away their cultural templates and disrupting their socio-economic and political systems. This attitude towards mission activity assumes that the contemporary non-Western world is the product of the ‘West’, and that what the ‘Rest’ believes and how it lives, its social, economic and political systems, as well as its values and beliefs, have derived from or have been implanted by the ‘West’. This postulate has led to the denial of the agency of non-Western or colonial people, deeming them as ‘history-less’ and ‘nation-less’: as an entity devoid of identity. But is this postulate true? Have the non-Western populations really been passive recipients of Western commodities, ideas and values? This dissertation examines the role that Christianity, the ideology of the West, the religion whose values underlies the semantics and structures of modernisation, has played in the genesis and rise of West Papuan nationalism. -
Slave Trading and Slavery in the Dutch Colonial Empire: a Global Comparison
rik Van WELie Slave Trading and Slavery in the Dutch Colonial Empire: A Global Comparison INTRODUCTION From the early seventeenth to the mid-nineteenth century, slavery played a fundamental role in the Dutch colonial empire.1 All overseas possessions of the Dutch depended in varying degrees on the labor of slaves who were imported from diverse and often remote areas. Over the past decades numer- ous academic publications have shed light on the history of the Dutch Atlantic slave trade and of slavery in the Dutch Americas.2 These scholarly contribu- tions, in combination with the social and political activism of the descen- dants of Caribbean slaves, have helped to bring the subject of slavery into the national public debate. The ongoing discussions about an official apology for the Dutch role in slavery, the erection of monuments to commemorate that history, and the inclusion of some of these topics in the first national history canon are all testimony to this increased attention for a troubled past.3 To some this recent focus on the negative aspects of Dutch colonial history has already gone too far, as they summon the country’s glorious past to instill a 1. I would like to thank David Eltis, Pieter Emmer, Henk den Heijer, Han Jordaan, Gerrit Knaap, Gert Oostindie, Alex van Stipriaan, Jelmer Vos, and the anonymous reviewers of the New West Indian Guide for their many insightful comments. As usual, the author remains entirely responsible for any errors. This article is an abbreviated version of a chapter writ- ten for the “Migration and Culture in the Dutch Colonial World” project at KITLV. -
©Copyright 2018 Proceeding of 6Th AASIC PELA GANDONG : SARA
The 6th Asian Academic Society International Conference (AASIC) A Transformative Community: Asia in Dynamism, Innovation, and Globalization PELA GANDONG : SARA CONFLICT RESOLUTION METHOD BASE ON LOCAL WISDOM IN MOLLUCAS Nur Lailiya, Hartanti1, Fathul, Karimul Khair2, Zahro’ul, Aini3 1Universitas Airlangga. History department, Faculty of Humaniora, Surabaya, Indonesia 2 Universitas Hasanuddin, History department, Faculty of Humaniora, Makassar, Indonesia 3Universitas Negeri Malang. Physics department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Malang, Indonesia Corresponding author’s email: [email protected] In the history of Indonesia recorded the most intense SARA (discrimination based on tribe, religion, race, and intergroup) conflict in the region of the Moluccas or Maluku Islands that took place since 1999. The conflict which involved local Muslims and Christians was formally ended by the Treaty Malino I and II in 2002 and 2003 which presented figures from both conflicting religions. Before the agreement was reached, many emotional approaches have been given. After the conflict was over, Pela Gandong tradition was revived with the aim of strengthening relations between countries (villages) throughout the Maluku Islands. Pela Gandong is derived from two words in Moluccan language, Pela and Gandong; Pela means bond and unity, while Gandong means biological. This study uses qualitative approach as the method of research, with the data obtained through in-depth interviews and the concept of ‘live in’ on ethnographic studies. The findings of this theory have theoretical implications on the concept of conflict from Lewis A. Coser. Through the pattern of conflict resolution, Pela Gandong is hoped to be used as a reference to solve SARA conflicts in Indonesia. -
Crisis and Failure: War and Revolt in the Ambon Islands, 1636-1637
CAKALELE, VOL. 3 (1992) © Gcrrit J. K.naap CRISIS AND FAILURE: WAR AND REVOLT IN THE AMBON ISLANDS, 1636-1637 GERRIT J. KNAAP ROYAL INSTITUTE OF LINGUISTICS AND ANTHROPOLOGY, LEIDEN On January 14, 1637, kimelaha Leliato, the govcmor of the Tematan dependencies in Central Maluku, returned to his headquarters in Lusicla on Hoamoal from an expedition to Sapama with his hongi of 30 kora kora. The reason for his sudden rctum was that he had just received a message from Bum informing him of the approach of a large Dutch fleet. That fleet was under the supreme command of Governor-General Anthonic van Diemcn, the hi ghest official in the hierarchy in Asia of the Verenigde Oost-Indischc Compagnie (VOC), the Dutch East India Company. The reason for Van Diemcn's arrival in the islands was the crisis confrdnting VOC mlc there. For many years, since the Dutch had taken over a portion of the islands from the Pottugucsc in 1605, there had been a state of war or, at best, of anned peace with the Tcmatan dependencies in the same area. However, for the past few years the VOC had seen itself also confronted with growing opposition from the territories located between the Tcmatan and Dutch realms. Finally, in 1636, rebellion broke out among the inhabitants of the VOC's own do main, who had hitherto mostly supported the Dutch cause with their kora-kora in the hongi (Knaap 1987a: 17-22; Enkhuizen 399:2-3, 16). One might say that the events of 1636-1637 were the severest crisis the Dutch had been confronted with until that time. -
The Spice Island They Swapped for Manhattan
Indonesia The spice island they swapped for Manhattan Ten thousand miles from New York, residents of Run still live from nutmeg and fishing The island of Pulau Run in Indonesia was swapped by the British for Manhattan © Alamy/Getty AUGUST 4, 2017 Krithika Varagur in Run, Indonesia Three hundred and fifty years ago, a swampy spit of land called Manhattan was traded for a tiny volcanic island that is now part of Indonesia. Today, one of them has Times Square and the other has electricity for just five hours a day. For the British, and then the Americans, it turned out to be one of history’s best territorial swaps. But the tale of how New Amsterdam became New York also has a Pacific chapter — and it leads to Pulau Run, a speck of land so small it does not register even on most maps of Indonesia. Under the 1667 Treaty of Breda that ended the second Anglo-Dutch war, England kept Manhattan, which it had seized from the Netherlands three years earlier, while the Dutch gained Run, which had been the only English outpost in the Spice Islands. Territories in Africa and the Americas were also exchanged. The Dutch had finally realised their dream of a nutmeg monopoly, for the 10 Banda Islands were home to all the world’s nutmeg trees. It was not until the 19th century that the British figured out how to cultivate them in Malaysia and India, bursting an asset bubble in the spice. Nutmeg still grows vigorously on Run, yielding a substantial crop three times a year. -
USAID SEA) PROJECT QUARTERLY REPORT SECOND Quarter of FY2019 (01 Jan – 31 Mar 2019
USAID SUSTAINABLE ECOSYSTEMS ADVANCED (USAID SEA) PROJECT QUARTERLY REPORT SECOND Quarter of FY2019 (01 Jan – 31 Mar 2019) MARCH 2019 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Prepared by Tetra Tech. The authors’ views expressedc in this publication do not necessarily reflet the vi e ws of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. Contract Number : AID-497-C-16-00008 Project Title : USAID Sustainable Ecosystems Advanced (SEA) Project Contract Period : March 21, 2016 to March 22, 2021 Prepared for : USAID Indonesia Submitted to : Celly Catharina, Contracting Officer’s Representative (COR) [email protected] Submitted by : Tetra Tech 159 Bank Street, Suite 300, Burlington, VT 05401, USA Tel: 802-495-0282, Fax: 802 658-4247 www.tetratech.com/intdev Submitted on : April 15, 2019 Revised version : May 23, 2019 Tetra Tech Contacts: Alan White, Chief of Party [email protected] Tiene Gunawan, Deputy Chief of Party [email protected] Gina Green, Project Manager [email protected] Cover photos: (Clockwise from top left) Presentation of boat registration certficates in Labuan Village, Sawai (USAID SEA / Yasmina Enita); Consumable fresh fish, Sorong, West Papua (USAID SEA / Asril Djunaidi); Basic dive training for project stakeholders in Sula, Maluku (CTC / Evi Nurul Ihsan); Behavior change communications pre-test assessment (USAID SEA / Chris Rotinsulu). TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables ........................................................................................................................................................................................... -
Holle Lists: Vocabularies in Languages
PACIFIC LINGUISTICS Series D - No. 50 HOLLE LISTS: VOCABULARIES IN LANGUAGES OF INDONESIA VOL.3/4 CENTRAL MOLUCCAS: AMBON (II), BURU, NUSA LAUT, SAPARUA (MATERIALS IN LANGUAGES OF INDONESIA, No.16) W.A.L. STOKHOF, ed., in co-operation with Lia Saleh-Bronckhorst and Alma E. Almanar Department of Linguistics Research School of Pacific Studies Stokhof, W.A.L. editor. Holle Lists: Vocabularies in languages of Indonesia, Vol. 3/4: Central Moluccas: Ambon (II), Buru, Nusa Laut, Saparau. D-50, iv + 185 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1982. DOI:10.15144/PL-D50THE.cover AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY ©1982 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. PACIFIC LINGUISTICS is issued through the Linguistic Circle of Canberra and consists of four series: SERIES A - Occasional Papers SERIES B - Monographs. SERIES C - Books SERIES D - Special Publications EDITOR: S.A. Wurm ASSOCIATE EDITORS: D.C. �aycock, C.L. Voorhoeve, D.T. Tryon, T.E. Dutton EDITORIAL ADVISERS: B.W. Bender John Lynch University of Hawaii University of Papua New Guinea David Bradley K.A. McElhanon La Trobe University University of Texas A. Capell H.P. McKaughan University of Sydney University of Hawaii S.H. Elbert P. Miihlhiiusler University of Hawaii Linacre College, Oxford K.J. Franklin G.N. O'Grady Summer Institute of Linguistics University of Victoria, B.C. W.W. Glover A.K. Pawley Summer Institute of Linguistics University of Auckland G.W. Grace K.L. Pike University of Michigan; University of Hawaii Sum mer Institute of Linguistics M.A.K. -
Spice Island Stew: Creolization of Foodways on Colonial Era Nutmeg Plantations, Maluku Province, Indonesia
SPICE ISLAND STEW: CREOLIZATION OF FOODWAYS ON COLONIAL ERA NUTMEG PLANTATIONS, MALUKU PROVINCE, INDONESIA A.J. Jordan Department of Anthropology, University of Washington [email protected] ABSTRACT animals (pigs and chickens) and pottery to remote islands The Banda Islands, in modern Indonesia’s Maluku Prov- by means of complex watercraft technology (Bellwood ince, were the world’s sole source of nutmeg in the 16th 1997). century. Control over the spice trade was a major goal While textual evidence hints that the greater Asian world may have established sporadic contact with the for European powers. Consequently, the Banda Islands th were a location of early disputes and colonial experimen- Banda Islands by the 9 Century AD, archaeological evidence suggests regular contact was definitely estab- tation. After eradicating most of the indigenous popula- th tion, the Dutch East India Company established a planta- lished by the 14 century AD (Lape 2000). According to Ellen (2003), the Banda Islands were a major hub in tion system in 1621 on the islands (Hanna 1978). The th plantation system fundamentally altered the lifeways of broad regional trade networks by the 15 century and all inhabitants of the Banda Islands but there is little Lape’s (2000) archaeological evidence supports this as evidence regarding how the alterations and adaptations well. Hanna (1978: 13) describes “Chinese, Javanese, occurred or why. Excavations at three nutmeg plantations Buginese, Portuguese, and Arab traders” as present and reveal that the inhabitants engaged with multiple strate- engaged in trade on Banda in 1599. Ellen (2003) suggests that the population of the Banda islands were importing gies of subsistence and trade. -
Rape and Run in Maluku: Exploitation of Living Marine Resources in Eastern Indonesia
CAKALELE, VOL. 9, NO. 2 (1998): 85–97 © The authors Rape and Run in Maluku: Exploitation of Living Marine Resources in Eastern Indonesia SHAUN M. MOSS HAWAII PACIFIC UNIVERSITY MARK VAN DER WAL AIDENVIRONMENT, AMSTERDAM The islands of eastern Indonesia are projected to experience the most rapid human population growth in the Indonesian archipelago within the next few decades, and development associated with this growth will exert increased pressure on the living marine resources there. Unfortu- nately, rampant exploitation of many of these resources is already oc- curring, as short-term economic gain takes precedence over long-term sustainability. Living marine resources currently being exploited in- clude organisms that exhibit low fecundity or other life-history strate- gies that make them vulnerable to local extinction, such as dugongs and sea turtles. In addition, relatively prolific organisms are at risk because of the use of highly efficient, and often illegal, extraction techniques. Valuable coastal and marine habitats also are in jeopardy because of anthropogenic activities such as trawling and cyanide fishing. Rational and sustainable policies must be enacted and enforced if Indonesia is to protect and preserve its valuable marine resources. Introduction Indonesia is the world’s largest archipelago and is situated at the center of the most species-rich marine biogeographical region on earth. Indone- sia’s seas are home to more than 4,000 species of fish (Burgess and Ax- elrod 1972) and over 240 species of coral (Veron 1986), and inshore waters are rich in mangroves, seagrass beds, and coral reefs. In an effort to preserve their living marine resources, the Indonesian government has over the past several decades enacted legislation to protect both individ- ual species and specific habitats from anthropogenic exploitation and destruction. -
Small Islands: Protect Or Neglect?
BY SOENARTONO ADISOEMARTO Introduction (47,530,900 ha), Sulawesi (18,614,500 ha), part of the country is located on the Sahul Shelf, Indonesia is a largest archipelagic state situated and Java (13,257,100 ha); including the Papua New Guinea Island (the in the equator, occupying an area bounded by b) much smaller islands of Nusa Tenggara western part of which is the Indonesian Irian L 95oE, L 141oE, M 6oN, and M 11oS, stretches (the Lesser Sunda islands) with a total area Jaya), and its associated Aru Island. for 5,100 km from the Indian to the Pacific of 8,074,000 ha, and Maluku (the Mollucas) This article is focused on the small islands Ocean, with a total land area of 191 million with 7,801,900 ha; of Indonesia, based on the consideration that hectares (MSPE 1993). This geographic area is c) very small islands, which with the larger more comprehensive accounts on these islands associated with territorial waters of some 317 islands make up a total of more than 17,000 may be presented for further purpose. So million hectares and an exclusive economic islands in the archipelago. far, works on small islands in Indonesia are zone (EEZ) of about 473 million hectares. The larger islands such as Sumatra, Java sporadic and over-all outlook has never been These total areas make up about 2,1% of the and Sulawesi, some of the Nusa Tenggara accounted for. This situation has disadvantage globe surface. The total coastline length of the Islands, and some of the smaller islands that the development of the islands may not islands make up about 81,000 km (about 14% such as the Krakatau are greatly influenced be comprehensively planned.