The Spice Island They Swapped for Manhattan
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Integration and Conflict in Indonesia's Spice Islands
Volume 15 | Issue 11 | Number 4 | Article ID 5045 | Jun 01, 2017 The Asia-Pacific Journal | Japan Focus Integration and Conflict in Indonesia’s Spice Islands David Adam Stott Tucked away in a remote corner of eastern violence, in 1999 Maluku was divided into two Indonesia, between the much larger islands of provinces – Maluku and North Maluku - but this New Guinea and Sulawesi, lies Maluku, a small paper refers to both provinces combined as archipelago that over the last millennia has ‘Maluku’ unless stated otherwise. been disproportionately influential in world history. Largely unknown outside of Indonesia Given the scale of violence in Indonesia after today, Maluku is the modern name for the Suharto’s fall in May 1998, the country’s Moluccas, the fabled Spice Islands that were continuing viability as a nation state was the only place where nutmeg and cloves grew questioned. During this period, the spectre of in the fifteenth century. Christopher Columbus Balkanization was raised regularly in both had set out to find the Moluccas but mistakenly academic circles and mainstream media as the happened upon a hitherto unknown continent country struggled to cope with economic between Europe and Asia, and Moluccan spices reverse, terrorism, separatist campaigns and later became the raison d’etre for the European communal conflict in the post-Suharto presence in the Indonesian archipelago. The transition. With Yugoslavia’s violent breakup Dutch East India Company Company (VOC; fresh in memory, and not long after the demise Verenigde Oost-indische Compagnie) was of the Soviet Union, Indonesia was portrayed as established to control the lucrative spice trade, the next patchwork state that would implode. -
Slave Trading and Slavery in the Dutch Colonial Empire: a Global Comparison
rik Van WELie Slave Trading and Slavery in the Dutch Colonial Empire: A Global Comparison INTRODUCTION From the early seventeenth to the mid-nineteenth century, slavery played a fundamental role in the Dutch colonial empire.1 All overseas possessions of the Dutch depended in varying degrees on the labor of slaves who were imported from diverse and often remote areas. Over the past decades numer- ous academic publications have shed light on the history of the Dutch Atlantic slave trade and of slavery in the Dutch Americas.2 These scholarly contribu- tions, in combination with the social and political activism of the descen- dants of Caribbean slaves, have helped to bring the subject of slavery into the national public debate. The ongoing discussions about an official apology for the Dutch role in slavery, the erection of monuments to commemorate that history, and the inclusion of some of these topics in the first national history canon are all testimony to this increased attention for a troubled past.3 To some this recent focus on the negative aspects of Dutch colonial history has already gone too far, as they summon the country’s glorious past to instill a 1. I would like to thank David Eltis, Pieter Emmer, Henk den Heijer, Han Jordaan, Gerrit Knaap, Gert Oostindie, Alex van Stipriaan, Jelmer Vos, and the anonymous reviewers of the New West Indian Guide for their many insightful comments. As usual, the author remains entirely responsible for any errors. This article is an abbreviated version of a chapter writ- ten for the “Migration and Culture in the Dutch Colonial World” project at KITLV. -
Crisis and Failure: War and Revolt in the Ambon Islands, 1636-1637
CAKALELE, VOL. 3 (1992) © Gcrrit J. K.naap CRISIS AND FAILURE: WAR AND REVOLT IN THE AMBON ISLANDS, 1636-1637 GERRIT J. KNAAP ROYAL INSTITUTE OF LINGUISTICS AND ANTHROPOLOGY, LEIDEN On January 14, 1637, kimelaha Leliato, the govcmor of the Tematan dependencies in Central Maluku, returned to his headquarters in Lusicla on Hoamoal from an expedition to Sapama with his hongi of 30 kora kora. The reason for his sudden rctum was that he had just received a message from Bum informing him of the approach of a large Dutch fleet. That fleet was under the supreme command of Governor-General Anthonic van Diemcn, the hi ghest official in the hierarchy in Asia of the Verenigde Oost-Indischc Compagnie (VOC), the Dutch East India Company. The reason for Van Diemcn's arrival in the islands was the crisis confrdnting VOC mlc there. For many years, since the Dutch had taken over a portion of the islands from the Pottugucsc in 1605, there had been a state of war or, at best, of anned peace with the Tcmatan dependencies in the same area. However, for the past few years the VOC had seen itself also confronted with growing opposition from the territories located between the Tcmatan and Dutch realms. Finally, in 1636, rebellion broke out among the inhabitants of the VOC's own do main, who had hitherto mostly supported the Dutch cause with their kora-kora in the hongi (Knaap 1987a: 17-22; Enkhuizen 399:2-3, 16). One might say that the events of 1636-1637 were the severest crisis the Dutch had been confronted with until that time. -
Spice Island Stew: Creolization of Foodways on Colonial Era Nutmeg Plantations, Maluku Province, Indonesia
SPICE ISLAND STEW: CREOLIZATION OF FOODWAYS ON COLONIAL ERA NUTMEG PLANTATIONS, MALUKU PROVINCE, INDONESIA A.J. Jordan Department of Anthropology, University of Washington [email protected] ABSTRACT animals (pigs and chickens) and pottery to remote islands The Banda Islands, in modern Indonesia’s Maluku Prov- by means of complex watercraft technology (Bellwood ince, were the world’s sole source of nutmeg in the 16th 1997). century. Control over the spice trade was a major goal While textual evidence hints that the greater Asian world may have established sporadic contact with the for European powers. Consequently, the Banda Islands th were a location of early disputes and colonial experimen- Banda Islands by the 9 Century AD, archaeological evidence suggests regular contact was definitely estab- tation. After eradicating most of the indigenous popula- th tion, the Dutch East India Company established a planta- lished by the 14 century AD (Lape 2000). According to Ellen (2003), the Banda Islands were a major hub in tion system in 1621 on the islands (Hanna 1978). The th plantation system fundamentally altered the lifeways of broad regional trade networks by the 15 century and all inhabitants of the Banda Islands but there is little Lape’s (2000) archaeological evidence supports this as evidence regarding how the alterations and adaptations well. Hanna (1978: 13) describes “Chinese, Javanese, occurred or why. Excavations at three nutmeg plantations Buginese, Portuguese, and Arab traders” as present and reveal that the inhabitants engaged with multiple strate- engaged in trade on Banda in 1599. Ellen (2003) suggests that the population of the Banda islands were importing gies of subsistence and trade. -
Rape and Run in Maluku: Exploitation of Living Marine Resources in Eastern Indonesia
CAKALELE, VOL. 9, NO. 2 (1998): 85–97 © The authors Rape and Run in Maluku: Exploitation of Living Marine Resources in Eastern Indonesia SHAUN M. MOSS HAWAII PACIFIC UNIVERSITY MARK VAN DER WAL AIDENVIRONMENT, AMSTERDAM The islands of eastern Indonesia are projected to experience the most rapid human population growth in the Indonesian archipelago within the next few decades, and development associated with this growth will exert increased pressure on the living marine resources there. Unfortu- nately, rampant exploitation of many of these resources is already oc- curring, as short-term economic gain takes precedence over long-term sustainability. Living marine resources currently being exploited in- clude organisms that exhibit low fecundity or other life-history strate- gies that make them vulnerable to local extinction, such as dugongs and sea turtles. In addition, relatively prolific organisms are at risk because of the use of highly efficient, and often illegal, extraction techniques. Valuable coastal and marine habitats also are in jeopardy because of anthropogenic activities such as trawling and cyanide fishing. Rational and sustainable policies must be enacted and enforced if Indonesia is to protect and preserve its valuable marine resources. Introduction Indonesia is the world’s largest archipelago and is situated at the center of the most species-rich marine biogeographical region on earth. Indone- sia’s seas are home to more than 4,000 species of fish (Burgess and Ax- elrod 1972) and over 240 species of coral (Veron 1986), and inshore waters are rich in mangroves, seagrass beds, and coral reefs. In an effort to preserve their living marine resources, the Indonesian government has over the past several decades enacted legislation to protect both individ- ual species and specific habitats from anthropogenic exploitation and destruction. -
There Can Be No Partnership with the King: Regulatory Commitment and the Tortured Rise of England's East Indian Merchant Empire∗
There can be no Partnership with the King: Regulatory Commitment and the Tortured Rise of England's East Indian Merchant Empire∗ Dan Bogarty January 2015 Abstract The English East India Company helped build Britain's colonial empire, but the Company was not a leader in East Asian trade for nearly a century after its founding in 1600. This paper argues that its early performance was hindered by a problem of regulatory commitment. It gives a brief history of the torturous renegotiations over its monopoly trading privileges and the scal demands by the monarchy. It also analyzes the eects of political instability, warfare, and scal capacity on the Company's invest- ment in shipping tonnage. Regressions show the growth of shipping tonnage declined signicantly when there were changes in government ministers, when Britain was at war in Europe and North America, and when shipping capacity exceeded central gov- ernment tax revenues. The ndings point to the signicance of regulatory institutions in Britain's development and its links with politics and war. They also provide an important case where regulatory uncertainty lowers investment. Keywords: Regulatory Commitment, Uncertainty, Investment, East India Com- pany, Monopoly, Political Instability, Fiscal Capacity, Warfare JEL Codes: N43, P16, D72 ∗I thank seminar participants at the NBER's conference on Organizations, Civil Society, and the Roots of Development and Utrecht University. I also thank Stergios Skepardas, Naomi Lamoreaux, John Wallis, Jared Rubin, and Richard Grossman for helpful comments on earlier drafts. Last but not least, I thank Kara Dimitruk, Joe Ament, and Shyan Zarabi for their valuable research assistance. -
The Spice Islands in Prehistory Archaeology in the Northern Moluccas, Indonesia
terra australis 50 Terra Australis reports the results of archaeological and related research within the south and east of Asia, though mainly Australia, New Guinea and Island Melanesia — lands that remained terra australis incognita to generations of prehistorians. Its subject is the settlement of the diverse environments in this isolated quarter of the globe by peoples who have maintained their discrete and traditional ways of life into the recent recorded or remembered past and at times into the observable present. List of volumes in Terra Australis 1. Burrill Lake and Currarong: Coastal Sites in Southern 30. Archaeological Science Under a Microscope: Studies in Residue New South Wales. R.J. Lampert (1971) and Ancient DNA Analysis in Honour of Thomas H. Loy. 2. Ol Tumbuna: Archaeological Excavations in the Eastern M. Haslam, G. Robertson, A. Crowther, S. Nugent and Central Highlands, Papua New Guinea. J.P. White (1972) L. Kirkwood (2009) 3. New Guinea Stone Age Trade: The Geography and Ecology 31. The Early Prehistory of Fiji. G. Clark and A. Anderson of Traffic in the Interior. I. Hughes (1977) (2009) 4. Recent Prehistory in Southeast Papua. B. Egloff (1979) 32. Altered Ecologies: Fire, Climate and Human Influence on Terrestrial Landscapes. S. Haberle, J. Stevenson and 5. The Great Kartan Mystery. R. Lampert (1981) M. Prebble (2010) 6. Early Man in North Queensland: Art and Archaeology in the 33. Man Bac: The Excavation of a Neolithic Site in Northern Laura Area. A. Rosenfeld, D. Horton and J. Winter (1981) Vietnam: The Biology. M. Oxenham, H. Matsumura and 7. The Alligator Rivers: Prehistory and Ecology in Western N. -
A Study of the Three Anglo-Dutch Wars, 1652-1674 William Terry Curtler
University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Master's Theses Student Research Summer 1967 Iron vs. gold : a study of the three Anglo-Dutch wars, 1652-1674 William Terry Curtler Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.richmond.edu/masters-theses Recommended Citation Curtler, William Terry, "Iron vs. gold : a study of the three Anglo-Dutch wars, 1652-1674" (1967). Master's Theses. Paper 262. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. IRON VS. GOLD A STUDY OF THE THfu~E ANGI.. 0-DUTCH WARS• 16.52-1674 BY WILLIAM TERRY CURTLER A THESIS SUBMITTED TO TH8 GRADUATE r'ACULTY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF RICHMOND IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IM HISTORY AUGUST, 1967 t.JGRARY UNJVERSHY QF RJCHMONI) VUfQINfA ii Approved for the Department of History and the Graduate School by ciia'.Irman of tne His.tory .Department 111 PREFACE· The purpose of this paper is to show that, as the result ot twenty-two years of intermittent warfare between England and the Netherlands, the English navy became es• tablished as the primary naval power of Europe. Also, I intend to illustrate that, as a by-product of this naval warfare, Dutch trade was seriously hurt, with the· major benefactors of this Dutch loss of trade being the English. This paper grew out of a seminar paper on the first Anglo•Dutch war for a Tudor and Stuart English History graduate seminar class taught in the fall of 1966 by Dr. -
Spice Islands Crossing Ambon – Raja Ampat October - November / March - April
SPICE ISLANDS CROSSING AMBON – RAJA AMPAT OCTOBER - NOVEMBER / MARCH - APRIL 11 NIGHTS | PRIVATE VOYAGE A BUCKET-LIST TRIP FOR SNORKELLERS AND DIVERS An exclusive crossing available only during two short windows twice a year; October/November and March/April. Please enquire about Raja Ampat – Ambon. Follow the route of the Spice Islands located in the Banda Sea, exploring both the underwater wildlife and cultural experiences ashore. From cinnamon and nutmeg plantations to swimming with schools of hammerhead sharks, this crossing is a bucket-list trip for water sports and cultural enthusiasts alike. AMBON – RAJA AMPAT (SPICE ISLANDS) | 11 NIGHTS | PRIVATE VOYAGE TRAVEL BACK IN TIME The Spice Islands are named after the nutmeg, mace, cinnamon and cloves that were once exclusively found here. The presence of these spices triggered colonial interest from Europe in the 16th century. Back then it was called the Dutch East Indies; and nutmeg was as valuable as gold. Centuries ago, huge traditional ships called phinisis would hop from island to island to pick up and buy (or steal) spices to trade with Europe. On this crossing, we will follow the routes of the ships from the past - with nature and wildlife as pristine as it was then. AMBON – RAJA AMPAT (SPICE ISLANDS) | 11 NIGHTS | PRIVATE VOYAGE PRICING Our pricing structure follows the rest of our philosophy; it’s simple and transparent, with no hidden extras. USD $9,500 +10% TAX PER NIGHT FOR UP TO 10 PEOPLE. SERVICE CHARGE NOT APPLICABLE. Gratuities are additional. Prices include absolutely everything for up to 10 people – accommodation, airport transfers, all activities, park fees and excursions – with the exception of alcoholic drinks. -
The East India Company and Their Reasoning for Voyaging to India in the 17Th and 18Th Centuries Dalton R
__________________________________________________________________ The East India Company and Their Reasoning for Voyaging to India in the 17th and 18th Centuries Dalton R. Dieu Mr. Dieu is a senior history with teacher licensure major. He hails from Danville, Illinois, and he wrote this paper for Dr. Newton Key’s HIS 2500: Research Methods. After graduation, he will be pursuing a position teaching high school history. _____________________________________________________________________________ The East Indies are a group of islands in Southeast Asia rich in many valuable products. John Watts and George White founded the English East India Company on December 31, 1600 to pursue trade and profits with the East Indies. The Dutch East India Company was created in 1602 by the merger of several companies, which allowed the companies to work as one instead of competing against each other. Among the main products that these two companies traded were cloth and spices. These companies might have started as trading enterprises, but in the end, they were looking for much more. They became empire builders, and their goals began to extend beyond mere trade to learning about other people’s culture. What started as trade turned into a mission to learn about culture, religion, and ideas. According to historian William Pettigrew, “The engagements of the English East India Company in South Asia also went beyond politics and trade. This engagement opened new forms of exchange between England and South Asia, resulting in a two- way dissemination of knowledge, ideas, institutions, social practices, languages, religion and dietary practices.”1 Historian Anthony Farrington adds, “Over the next 233 years, the Company came to dominate European trade with South and East Asia.”2 The East India Company became the most dominant trading power of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. -
The 1674 Ambon Tsunami: Extreme Run-Up Caused by an Earthquake-Triggered Landslide
Pure Appl. Geophys. 177 (2020), 1639–1657 Ó 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-019-02390-2 Pure and Applied Geophysics The 1674 Ambon Tsunami: Extreme Run-Up Caused by an Earthquake-Triggered Landslide 1 1 IGNATIUS RYAN PRANANTYO and PHIL R. CUMMINS Abstract—We present an analysis of the oldest detailed glean as much information as we can from the his- account of tsunami run-up in Indonesia, that of the 1674 Ambon torical record, which often consists of accounts that tsunami (Rumphius in Waerachtigh Verhael van de Schuckelijcke Aerdbebinge, BATAVIA, Dutch East Indies, 1675). At 100 m this are sparse and difficult to interpret. is the largest run-up height ever documented in Indonesia, and with The oldest detailed tsunami account in Indonesia over 2300 fatalities even in 1674, it ranks as one of Indonesia’s was documented by Rumphius (1675). A devastating most deadly tsunami disasters. We consider the plausible sources of earthquakes near Ambon that could generate a large, destructive earthquake rocked Ambon and its surrounding islands tsunami, including the Seram Megathrust, the South Seram Thrust, on 17 February 1674. The earthquake was followed and faults local to Ambon. We conclude that the only explanation by a massive tsunami about 100 m in run-up height for the extreme run-up observed on the north coast of Amon is a tsunami generated by an earthquake-triggered coastal landslide. We which was only observed on the northern coast of use a two-layer tsunami model to show that a submarine landslide, Ambon Island while other areas experienced only with an approximate volume of 1 km3, offshore the area on minor tsunamis. -
L U X P E D I T I O
LUXPEDITIONS CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ITINERARIES KOMODO ISLAND RAJA AMPAT SPICE ISLAND CENDRAWASIH BAY EXPEDITION VESSELS INTRODUCTION Centrally located along ancient trading routes - composed of over seventeen thousand islands encompassing the realm of the Komodo Dragons, the underwater kingdoms of Raja Ampat, the historic Spice Islands and the remote biologically diverse Cenderawashi Bay. Indonesia is truly one of the world`s last untouched environments and most captivating destinations. With unparalleled regional expertise and meticulous approach to luxury hospitality Discover Indonesia enables you to charter the uncharted on one of our recommended custom built expedition vessels for an aqueous Indonesian odyssey you will never forget. DESTINATION Raja Ampat Cenderawasih Bay Spice Islands Komodo Island KOMODO ISLAND KOMODO ISLAND Trek ashore with the largest lizard on Earth the Komodo Dragon, Dive and snorkel this diverse and acclaimed sea scape in the Nusa Tenggara archipelago. From colourful reefs, rolling hill sides and sandy white beach’s this national park is a forgotten Eden. Encounter antediluvian creatures unchanged since prehistoric times – these two islands are the only places that the infamous Komodo dragon can still be found. Follow expert rangers to view these mighty monitor lizards in their natural habitat, the Komodo National Park, a World Heritage Site spanning the islands of Rinca and Komodo. BEST FOR Exploring the National Parks reefs by diving or snorkelling, trekking ashore to view local wildlife in its natural habitat. Short or extended breaks, minimum three nights recommended five with longer charters available. WHEN TO VISIT Between the months of March and October during the dry season SAMPLE ITINERARY Day 1 Your expedition begins when you board your vessel and receive a warm welcome from her crew, depart Labuan Bajo into the National Park cruising to Sabayor island for the first snorkel or dive of the trip.