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An Indonesian Odyssey Article & Photographyby Bret Gilliam Gilliam Indonesian Odyssey
An Indonesian Odyssey ARTICLE & PHOTOGRAPHYBY BRET GILLIAM gilliam indonesian odyssey IT WAS HARD NOT TO FEEL like we had somehow the last nine years, and I had come to this flyspeck of procured a piece of similar armament along with an scholars” was definitely a reach... but we had done mistakenly stumbled into a scene out of some B-list the Third World to buy cannons. A dour friend of the accompanying 17th century pistol from the same seller. our homework and knew a good cannon when we action movie. But here we were squatting in a steamy cannon merchant crouched in the shadows… clad He remembered me from the earlier visit and I wasn’t saw one.) And we had a pretty good idea of what we hovel in tiny Banda Neira, a forgotten outpost in the only in a ragged pair of homespun trousers and a about to forget him any time soon. He was the proud should have to pay to pry one from the eager seller’s remote Banda Sea, while our guide translated for us colorful t-shirt bearing the smiling face of Osama Bin owner of about five teeth and had carefully cultivated own limited selection. to the local villager who earnestly wanted to make Laden. Ian flashed a cautious look at me to suggest a goatee that mustered maybe 14 hairs. Each chin hair This was my third visit to Banda Neira since a deal with his western visitors. A single bare light that perhaps it might be time to suspend negotiations hung nearly to his chest in a wispy strand. -
Integration and Conflict in Indonesia's Spice Islands
Volume 15 | Issue 11 | Number 4 | Article ID 5045 | Jun 01, 2017 The Asia-Pacific Journal | Japan Focus Integration and Conflict in Indonesia’s Spice Islands David Adam Stott Tucked away in a remote corner of eastern violence, in 1999 Maluku was divided into two Indonesia, between the much larger islands of provinces – Maluku and North Maluku - but this New Guinea and Sulawesi, lies Maluku, a small paper refers to both provinces combined as archipelago that over the last millennia has ‘Maluku’ unless stated otherwise. been disproportionately influential in world history. Largely unknown outside of Indonesia Given the scale of violence in Indonesia after today, Maluku is the modern name for the Suharto’s fall in May 1998, the country’s Moluccas, the fabled Spice Islands that were continuing viability as a nation state was the only place where nutmeg and cloves grew questioned. During this period, the spectre of in the fifteenth century. Christopher Columbus Balkanization was raised regularly in both had set out to find the Moluccas but mistakenly academic circles and mainstream media as the happened upon a hitherto unknown continent country struggled to cope with economic between Europe and Asia, and Moluccan spices reverse, terrorism, separatist campaigns and later became the raison d’etre for the European communal conflict in the post-Suharto presence in the Indonesian archipelago. The transition. With Yugoslavia’s violent breakup Dutch East India Company Company (VOC; fresh in memory, and not long after the demise Verenigde Oost-indische Compagnie) was of the Soviet Union, Indonesia was portrayed as established to control the lucrative spice trade, the next patchwork state that would implode. -
Waves of Destruction in the East Indies: the Wichmann Catalogue of Earthquakes and Tsunami in the Indonesian Region from 1538 to 1877
Downloaded from http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on May 24, 2016 Waves of destruction in the East Indies: the Wichmann catalogue of earthquakes and tsunami in the Indonesian region from 1538 to 1877 RON HARRIS1* & JONATHAN MAJOR1,2 1Department of Geological Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602–4606, USA 2Present address: Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78758, USA *Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract: The two volumes of Arthur Wichmann’s Die Erdbeben Des Indischen Archipels [The Earthquakes of the Indian Archipelago] (1918 and 1922) document 61 regional earthquakes and 36 tsunamis between 1538 and 1877 in the Indonesian region. The largest and best documented are the events of 1770 and 1859 in the Molucca Sea region, of 1629, 1774 and 1852 in the Banda Sea region, the 1820 event in Makassar, the 1857 event in Dili, Timor, the 1815 event in Bali and Lom- bok, the events of 1699, 1771, 1780, 1815, 1848 and 1852 in Java, and the events of 1797, 1818, 1833 and 1861 in Sumatra. Most of these events caused damage over a broad region, and are asso- ciated with years of temporal and spatial clustering of earthquakes. The earthquakes left many cit- ies in ‘rubble heaps’. Some events spawned tsunamis with run-up heights .15 m that swept many coastal villages away. 2004 marked the recurrence of some of these events in western Indonesia. However, there has not been a major shallow earthquake (M ≥ 8) in Java and eastern Indonesia for the past 160 years. -
Slave Trading and Slavery in the Dutch Colonial Empire: a Global Comparison
rik Van WELie Slave Trading and Slavery in the Dutch Colonial Empire: A Global Comparison INTRODUCTION From the early seventeenth to the mid-nineteenth century, slavery played a fundamental role in the Dutch colonial empire.1 All overseas possessions of the Dutch depended in varying degrees on the labor of slaves who were imported from diverse and often remote areas. Over the past decades numer- ous academic publications have shed light on the history of the Dutch Atlantic slave trade and of slavery in the Dutch Americas.2 These scholarly contribu- tions, in combination with the social and political activism of the descen- dants of Caribbean slaves, have helped to bring the subject of slavery into the national public debate. The ongoing discussions about an official apology for the Dutch role in slavery, the erection of monuments to commemorate that history, and the inclusion of some of these topics in the first national history canon are all testimony to this increased attention for a troubled past.3 To some this recent focus on the negative aspects of Dutch colonial history has already gone too far, as they summon the country’s glorious past to instill a 1. I would like to thank David Eltis, Pieter Emmer, Henk den Heijer, Han Jordaan, Gerrit Knaap, Gert Oostindie, Alex van Stipriaan, Jelmer Vos, and the anonymous reviewers of the New West Indian Guide for their many insightful comments. As usual, the author remains entirely responsible for any errors. This article is an abbreviated version of a chapter writ- ten for the “Migration and Culture in the Dutch Colonial World” project at KITLV. -
Crisis and Failure: War and Revolt in the Ambon Islands, 1636-1637
CAKALELE, VOL. 3 (1992) © Gcrrit J. K.naap CRISIS AND FAILURE: WAR AND REVOLT IN THE AMBON ISLANDS, 1636-1637 GERRIT J. KNAAP ROYAL INSTITUTE OF LINGUISTICS AND ANTHROPOLOGY, LEIDEN On January 14, 1637, kimelaha Leliato, the govcmor of the Tematan dependencies in Central Maluku, returned to his headquarters in Lusicla on Hoamoal from an expedition to Sapama with his hongi of 30 kora kora. The reason for his sudden rctum was that he had just received a message from Bum informing him of the approach of a large Dutch fleet. That fleet was under the supreme command of Governor-General Anthonic van Diemcn, the hi ghest official in the hierarchy in Asia of the Verenigde Oost-Indischc Compagnie (VOC), the Dutch East India Company. The reason for Van Diemcn's arrival in the islands was the crisis confrdnting VOC mlc there. For many years, since the Dutch had taken over a portion of the islands from the Pottugucsc in 1605, there had been a state of war or, at best, of anned peace with the Tcmatan dependencies in the same area. However, for the past few years the VOC had seen itself also confronted with growing opposition from the territories located between the Tcmatan and Dutch realms. Finally, in 1636, rebellion broke out among the inhabitants of the VOC's own do main, who had hitherto mostly supported the Dutch cause with their kora-kora in the hongi (Knaap 1987a: 17-22; Enkhuizen 399:2-3, 16). One might say that the events of 1636-1637 were the severest crisis the Dutch had been confronted with until that time. -
The Spice Island They Swapped for Manhattan
Indonesia The spice island they swapped for Manhattan Ten thousand miles from New York, residents of Run still live from nutmeg and fishing The island of Pulau Run in Indonesia was swapped by the British for Manhattan © Alamy/Getty AUGUST 4, 2017 Krithika Varagur in Run, Indonesia Three hundred and fifty years ago, a swampy spit of land called Manhattan was traded for a tiny volcanic island that is now part of Indonesia. Today, one of them has Times Square and the other has electricity for just five hours a day. For the British, and then the Americans, it turned out to be one of history’s best territorial swaps. But the tale of how New Amsterdam became New York also has a Pacific chapter — and it leads to Pulau Run, a speck of land so small it does not register even on most maps of Indonesia. Under the 1667 Treaty of Breda that ended the second Anglo-Dutch war, England kept Manhattan, which it had seized from the Netherlands three years earlier, while the Dutch gained Run, which had been the only English outpost in the Spice Islands. Territories in Africa and the Americas were also exchanged. The Dutch had finally realised their dream of a nutmeg monopoly, for the 10 Banda Islands were home to all the world’s nutmeg trees. It was not until the 19th century that the British figured out how to cultivate them in Malaysia and India, bursting an asset bubble in the spice. Nutmeg still grows vigorously on Run, yielding a substantial crop three times a year. -
Spice Island Stew: Creolization of Foodways on Colonial Era Nutmeg Plantations, Maluku Province, Indonesia
SPICE ISLAND STEW: CREOLIZATION OF FOODWAYS ON COLONIAL ERA NUTMEG PLANTATIONS, MALUKU PROVINCE, INDONESIA A.J. Jordan Department of Anthropology, University of Washington [email protected] ABSTRACT animals (pigs and chickens) and pottery to remote islands The Banda Islands, in modern Indonesia’s Maluku Prov- by means of complex watercraft technology (Bellwood ince, were the world’s sole source of nutmeg in the 16th 1997). century. Control over the spice trade was a major goal While textual evidence hints that the greater Asian world may have established sporadic contact with the for European powers. Consequently, the Banda Islands th were a location of early disputes and colonial experimen- Banda Islands by the 9 Century AD, archaeological evidence suggests regular contact was definitely estab- tation. After eradicating most of the indigenous popula- th tion, the Dutch East India Company established a planta- lished by the 14 century AD (Lape 2000). According to Ellen (2003), the Banda Islands were a major hub in tion system in 1621 on the islands (Hanna 1978). The th plantation system fundamentally altered the lifeways of broad regional trade networks by the 15 century and all inhabitants of the Banda Islands but there is little Lape’s (2000) archaeological evidence supports this as evidence regarding how the alterations and adaptations well. Hanna (1978: 13) describes “Chinese, Javanese, occurred or why. Excavations at three nutmeg plantations Buginese, Portuguese, and Arab traders” as present and reveal that the inhabitants engaged with multiple strate- engaged in trade on Banda in 1599. Ellen (2003) suggests that the population of the Banda islands were importing gies of subsistence and trade. -
Rape and Run in Maluku: Exploitation of Living Marine Resources in Eastern Indonesia
CAKALELE, VOL. 9, NO. 2 (1998): 85–97 © The authors Rape and Run in Maluku: Exploitation of Living Marine Resources in Eastern Indonesia SHAUN M. MOSS HAWAII PACIFIC UNIVERSITY MARK VAN DER WAL AIDENVIRONMENT, AMSTERDAM The islands of eastern Indonesia are projected to experience the most rapid human population growth in the Indonesian archipelago within the next few decades, and development associated with this growth will exert increased pressure on the living marine resources there. Unfortu- nately, rampant exploitation of many of these resources is already oc- curring, as short-term economic gain takes precedence over long-term sustainability. Living marine resources currently being exploited in- clude organisms that exhibit low fecundity or other life-history strate- gies that make them vulnerable to local extinction, such as dugongs and sea turtles. In addition, relatively prolific organisms are at risk because of the use of highly efficient, and often illegal, extraction techniques. Valuable coastal and marine habitats also are in jeopardy because of anthropogenic activities such as trawling and cyanide fishing. Rational and sustainable policies must be enacted and enforced if Indonesia is to protect and preserve its valuable marine resources. Introduction Indonesia is the world’s largest archipelago and is situated at the center of the most species-rich marine biogeographical region on earth. Indone- sia’s seas are home to more than 4,000 species of fish (Burgess and Ax- elrod 1972) and over 240 species of coral (Veron 1986), and inshore waters are rich in mangroves, seagrass beds, and coral reefs. In an effort to preserve their living marine resources, the Indonesian government has over the past several decades enacted legislation to protect both individ- ual species and specific habitats from anthropogenic exploitation and destruction. -
There Can Be No Partnership with the King: Regulatory Commitment and the Tortured Rise of England's East Indian Merchant Empire∗
There can be no Partnership with the King: Regulatory Commitment and the Tortured Rise of England's East Indian Merchant Empire∗ Dan Bogarty January 2015 Abstract The English East India Company helped build Britain's colonial empire, but the Company was not a leader in East Asian trade for nearly a century after its founding in 1600. This paper argues that its early performance was hindered by a problem of regulatory commitment. It gives a brief history of the torturous renegotiations over its monopoly trading privileges and the scal demands by the monarchy. It also analyzes the eects of political instability, warfare, and scal capacity on the Company's invest- ment in shipping tonnage. Regressions show the growth of shipping tonnage declined signicantly when there were changes in government ministers, when Britain was at war in Europe and North America, and when shipping capacity exceeded central gov- ernment tax revenues. The ndings point to the signicance of regulatory institutions in Britain's development and its links with politics and war. They also provide an important case where regulatory uncertainty lowers investment. Keywords: Regulatory Commitment, Uncertainty, Investment, East India Com- pany, Monopoly, Political Instability, Fiscal Capacity, Warfare JEL Codes: N43, P16, D72 ∗I thank seminar participants at the NBER's conference on Organizations, Civil Society, and the Roots of Development and Utrecht University. I also thank Stergios Skepardas, Naomi Lamoreaux, John Wallis, Jared Rubin, and Richard Grossman for helpful comments on earlier drafts. Last but not least, I thank Kara Dimitruk, Joe Ament, and Shyan Zarabi for their valuable research assistance. -
The Spice Islands in Prehistory Archaeology in the Northern Moluccas, Indonesia
terra australis 50 Terra Australis reports the results of archaeological and related research within the south and east of Asia, though mainly Australia, New Guinea and Island Melanesia — lands that remained terra australis incognita to generations of prehistorians. Its subject is the settlement of the diverse environments in this isolated quarter of the globe by peoples who have maintained their discrete and traditional ways of life into the recent recorded or remembered past and at times into the observable present. List of volumes in Terra Australis 1. Burrill Lake and Currarong: Coastal Sites in Southern 30. Archaeological Science Under a Microscope: Studies in Residue New South Wales. R.J. Lampert (1971) and Ancient DNA Analysis in Honour of Thomas H. Loy. 2. Ol Tumbuna: Archaeological Excavations in the Eastern M. Haslam, G. Robertson, A. Crowther, S. Nugent and Central Highlands, Papua New Guinea. J.P. White (1972) L. Kirkwood (2009) 3. New Guinea Stone Age Trade: The Geography and Ecology 31. The Early Prehistory of Fiji. G. Clark and A. Anderson of Traffic in the Interior. I. Hughes (1977) (2009) 4. Recent Prehistory in Southeast Papua. B. Egloff (1979) 32. Altered Ecologies: Fire, Climate and Human Influence on Terrestrial Landscapes. S. Haberle, J. Stevenson and 5. The Great Kartan Mystery. R. Lampert (1981) M. Prebble (2010) 6. Early Man in North Queensland: Art and Archaeology in the 33. Man Bac: The Excavation of a Neolithic Site in Northern Laura Area. A. Rosenfeld, D. Horton and J. Winter (1981) Vietnam: The Biology. M. Oxenham, H. Matsumura and 7. The Alligator Rivers: Prehistory and Ecology in Western N. -
A Study of the Three Anglo-Dutch Wars, 1652-1674 William Terry Curtler
University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Master's Theses Student Research Summer 1967 Iron vs. gold : a study of the three Anglo-Dutch wars, 1652-1674 William Terry Curtler Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.richmond.edu/masters-theses Recommended Citation Curtler, William Terry, "Iron vs. gold : a study of the three Anglo-Dutch wars, 1652-1674" (1967). Master's Theses. Paper 262. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. IRON VS. GOLD A STUDY OF THE THfu~E ANGI.. 0-DUTCH WARS• 16.52-1674 BY WILLIAM TERRY CURTLER A THESIS SUBMITTED TO TH8 GRADUATE r'ACULTY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF RICHMOND IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IM HISTORY AUGUST, 1967 t.JGRARY UNJVERSHY QF RJCHMONI) VUfQINfA ii Approved for the Department of History and the Graduate School by ciia'.Irman of tne His.tory .Department 111 PREFACE· The purpose of this paper is to show that, as the result ot twenty-two years of intermittent warfare between England and the Netherlands, the English navy became es• tablished as the primary naval power of Europe. Also, I intend to illustrate that, as a by-product of this naval warfare, Dutch trade was seriously hurt, with the· major benefactors of this Dutch loss of trade being the English. This paper grew out of a seminar paper on the first Anglo•Dutch war for a Tudor and Stuart English History graduate seminar class taught in the fall of 1966 by Dr. -
Spice Islands Crossing Ambon – Raja Ampat October - November / March - April
SPICE ISLANDS CROSSING AMBON – RAJA AMPAT OCTOBER - NOVEMBER / MARCH - APRIL 11 NIGHTS | PRIVATE VOYAGE A BUCKET-LIST TRIP FOR SNORKELLERS AND DIVERS An exclusive crossing available only during two short windows twice a year; October/November and March/April. Please enquire about Raja Ampat – Ambon. Follow the route of the Spice Islands located in the Banda Sea, exploring both the underwater wildlife and cultural experiences ashore. From cinnamon and nutmeg plantations to swimming with schools of hammerhead sharks, this crossing is a bucket-list trip for water sports and cultural enthusiasts alike. AMBON – RAJA AMPAT (SPICE ISLANDS) | 11 NIGHTS | PRIVATE VOYAGE TRAVEL BACK IN TIME The Spice Islands are named after the nutmeg, mace, cinnamon and cloves that were once exclusively found here. The presence of these spices triggered colonial interest from Europe in the 16th century. Back then it was called the Dutch East Indies; and nutmeg was as valuable as gold. Centuries ago, huge traditional ships called phinisis would hop from island to island to pick up and buy (or steal) spices to trade with Europe. On this crossing, we will follow the routes of the ships from the past - with nature and wildlife as pristine as it was then. AMBON – RAJA AMPAT (SPICE ISLANDS) | 11 NIGHTS | PRIVATE VOYAGE PRICING Our pricing structure follows the rest of our philosophy; it’s simple and transparent, with no hidden extras. USD $9,500 +10% TAX PER NIGHT FOR UP TO 10 PEOPLE. SERVICE CHARGE NOT APPLICABLE. Gratuities are additional. Prices include absolutely everything for up to 10 people – accommodation, airport transfers, all activities, park fees and excursions – with the exception of alcoholic drinks.