JapaneseJapaneseSociety Society ofSystematicZoologyof Systematic Zoology
Species Diversity, 2005, 10, 37-43
A New Species of the Boring Sponge Cliona
(Porifera: Demospongiae: Clionaidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan
Yuji Ise' and Toshihiko Fujitai･2
i Department ofBiological Sciences, Graduate Schoot of Sctence, The U)iiversiCy of 7bltvo. 731 Hbngo, Bunltyo-ku, 7bdyo, II3-O033 tJtipan (71d/ailing address: Department ofZbology, Ardtional Science Mliseum, 3-23-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shiru'uku-ku, 7bkyo, 169-O073 Jlipan) E-mait: [email protected],.ip 2 Department ofZbology, IVtitional Science Museum, 3-23-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku-ku, 7bkyo, 169-O073 Jlipan
(Received 20 February 2004; Accepted 25 October 2004)
A new boring sponge, Cliona reticutata sp. nov., is described from coral reefs of the Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan. This species differs from closely related taxa, such as C. oprica Pang, 1973, C. caribbaea Carter, lg82, C orientalis Thiele, 1900, and C tenuis Zea and Weil, 2003, primarily in its apparent inability to undergo papillary fusion and thus form incrustations on top of the excavated substratum, the lack of symbiotic dinophycaeans (zooxanthellae), and the unusually large size of the pits caused by cellular etching. A new type of thin, long and wavy spiraster ibund in the holotype is another distinctive character. The morphology of the substratum excavated by the sponge is also considered to be of diagnostic value. Thjs is the second species of the genus Cliona reported fr'om the Ryukyu lslands. Key Words; Ctiona reticutata, Clionaidae, Porifera, new species, Ryukyu Is- lands,
Introduction
Boring sponges of the genus Cliona Grant, 1826 are known for their ability to excavate calcareous substrates. Their taxonemy is well studied in the Mediter- ranean (e,g., Topsent 1900; Velz 1939; Rutzler 1973; Carballo et al. 1994; Rosell and Uriz 1997, 2002), the Caribbean Sea (Pang 1973; RUtzler 1974; Hoiman and Kielman 1992; Zea and Weil 2003), and the Indian Ocean (Annandale 1915; Thomas 1972, 1975, 1985; Vacelet et al, 1976; Calcinai et al, 2000), In a recent study, Schdnberg (2000) re- ported some new species and new records from the Great Barrier Reef Compared to about 80 species known from these areas, only four had been recorded from Japanese waters (Thiele 1898; Hoshino 1981) befbre Ise et aVs (2004) recent find of Cliona inconstans (Dendy, 1887) in lagoons of the Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan, Here we report a new species of the genus Cliona from the Ryukyu Islands.
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38 Y, Ise and T. Fujita
Materials and Methods
Two specimens were collected by wading. They were immediate!y fixed in bufft}red 10V) formaline-seawater and then preserved in 90[Yo ethanol. Observations are all based on the fixed material. Methods of investigation fbllow RUtzler (1978). Microscleres and erosion traces were observed using a scanning electron micro- scope (Hitachi: JSM 5200 LV). Measurements are given as means, with ranges in parentheses. Spicule measurements were obtained from 50 megascleres per sample and at least 10 microscleres per category, Maximum diameter ef erosion scars was measured based on 20 pits for each substratum, using pits positioned in the central part of the endolithic tissue. Spicular and morphological nomenclature fo11ows Boury-Esnault and RUtzler (1997). Both specimens have been deposited in the Na- tienal Science Museum, Tokyo (NSMT),
Systematics
Cliona reticulata sp. nov. (Figs 1-3)
Material examined. Holotype: NSMT-Po-1135, Ingya, Miyako-jima Island, Ryukyu Islands, 2m depth, inside a lagoon, 21 November 1999, coll. M. Mitsuhashi.
Paratype: NSMT-Po-1136, Amitori, Iriomotejima Island, Ryukyu Islands, 2m
depth, inside a lagoon, 18 June 2000, coll. M. Mitsuhashi, Description of holotype. Excavating in dead branching coral (probably Acro- pora sp,) covered by calcareous algae. Alpha stage of growth only. Preserved papil- lae yellowish brown; no coler information from life. Papillae small, rQund to sub- circular, never protruding above substraturn surface (Fig. IA). Maximum diame- ter of papillae 1.4mm (1,1-2.0 mm, N=21). Papillary canals distinctive, up to 4.6 mm long. No symbiotic zooxanthellae. Preserved choanosome beige. Endolithic tissue
starting 2.4-5.0mm below substratum surface, extending to 12.8mm deep within substratum (Fig, IB). Bioeroding damage resembling a honeycomb, permeating and etching the porous substratum rather than excavating distinctive chambers (Fig. IC, D). Remaining substratum very fragile, resembling cotton (Fig. IC). Sponge chip scars evident as conspicuous, polygonat, subcircular pits 82um (71-104"m) in diameter (Fig. IE), Skeletal arrangement. Tylostyles and three types of spirasters present. Ty- lostyles (Fig, IF, G) present in both papillae and choanosome, arranged in palisade in papillae with tips oriented outward. Shafts almost straight, sometimes slightly arched, thickest in mid-region, gradually tapering to sharp tip. Tyles spherical, ovoid, or droplet-shaped, with constricted neck (Fig. IG). Dimensions of tylostyles (in "m): length 265.5 (135.0-345.0), width 7.0 (2.5-10.5), tyle length 11.9 (6.0-17.5), tyle width 10.2 (6.0-13,5), neck width 5.2 (2,O-7.5). Spirasters present in choanosome, ab- sent in papillae. Type I spirasters (Fig. 2A) common, their axis long and slender with 2-5 bends bearing spiral rew of multisplit spines along convex sides of curva- ture. Type II spirasters (Fig, 2B) slender, shaft with 2-8 bends bearing moderate number of discrete spines mainly on convex side of axis. Type III spirasters (Fig. 2C-E) rare, delicate, long and wavy but sometimes with apical parts straight, usu-
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Fig, l. CSiona regtcktata sp. uov., hulatype'(NSMT-?o-1135). Al'Papllltke (arrews); B, choanesosne, with arrow$ Sndiicating the positions of papillue; C, excavation pat'temis, wit}, su'rows indicating the positignti of papilLa ca]iB]s; D, SEM photegraph uf excavatien pattemi; E, SEM photograph of spenge chip scars; F, ty]estyles; G, SEM plketugr'aph of tylcs or ty --2mm; losty]es, Seale hars: A B==10 mm; C=r50estm; Dw;2mrn; Et-50 pam; 1,' .-]aO "tp; (} =･ IO"m.
ally with "S bends each bearing single hook-like spkne. Dimensions (jn sAm): spi- raster I, length 25.5 (24,3-26.8), wkdth (}.a (O,7--O.9); spiyaster li, length 24,3 (l9.6-31.">, width 1.2 (C}.8- 1,6); spiraster LII, langth 53.g (42.5- 70,O), width 1.e (O.g-1,2). Descriptlon of paratype, Excavating in dead branched coral (probably Ac}'o- pora sp,) cover"ed by caicaveous aigae. Preservect spong,e paie yellow; no calor inf'or･ mation from lifin, Maximum diameter ef papxxlae 6.6rnrn (O.2 2.0mm, N'. 20>. No symbiotic zooxanthellaG. Endolithic tlssue starting O.ir)' i.5marn below substratum
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40 Y. Ise anct T. I-'ujita
vaS ge dv ew es#tw ' ' ' ' ifimcaewagww"g?' igbe" ' Xlv tstw " k ･/kas t' /../ee.eeIXg/es X es#'i#/va'egX Fig. 2. SEM photographs of three types of spirasters of Cliona reticulata sp. nov,, holotype 'I'ype (NSMT-Po-1135>. A, l' spii'asters; B, Type ll spirasters; C-D, type III spirasters, E, ty- Iestyle and type }fl $piraster (ttmrew). Scale bars: A-D=]IQ"m; E= iOOym.
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New Cgi.ona hrem the Rvukvu Eslai)ds 41.
' Flg. i]. SEIN'{ phetographs o± spirasters o'f Ctiona e'eticiigata sp, nov.. paratype (NSIVIT-i'o-11:IG). Scale bar,'=;10I:in.
surface, extending to 5.2min cteep within substi'atLxxn. Spoaxge ehip sca/t's E.)vi.dent as conspicuous, poly, goiial, subc;,rctiia,,r pit.s 88 ,g.{ni (72-]03 stin) i.n d.ianieter. Sketc･tag arrangen2ent. T}glic}styles and spirasters present, Tyl.estyles very. si'mi- to t.hose of 261,8 34C),O), width 5,7 lar helotyl')e.I>iniensi.ons
Clionff co.rtbbaea ()urte.r. .1 882 Rtttzlctr (seresu 1974,Zea and Weil 2eOtjl, Cgion.cr.aprtca Pang. 1973, and Cgiona temiis Z6a and Weil, 2e03 in the Cari'bbean Sea. All five 'tiitiltisplit specles have long, slender spirasters with spj.nes. Our new species i.s etisi/ly cl/lstingu/lshed i'roTn ahe other species hy eoaor (beige ot' yeklow instead ot' brewr}ish green to b}acrkish), absenee ot' zooxanthellae, kiiorphology. of papillae tr"eund to sub-circulnr instead of lrre.ak2,la]+), ana lack ot' a tendency for the papillae to merge anct attain exxcrgsting growt}'i. Anothei' c.aisting'uisl'ii.ng feature is the large size of the erosion pits L'uvEsed b}r C. reticuinta, whieh are nearly {ioubEe t.he dlame- ter' of those/ macte b3, other Ciiorea specj'es T`epoy/btect to dute (Sch6nberg 2eeO>. The pits. caused by ceHular etehing, can be biggei" at, wei'l-est.abMshed plat':es of erosioik and mueh sinakler 2n ayeas of tissite extension (Sc})C)nberg' 2000): ]iowever, th(,i pits of C. retic"lata are unusuakl,y ]argp.. 'l.e. The type .[II spirasters ot' the holotype (Y'ig. 2C-IES･), those wlth a thin, long, and wavy axis wjtb relatl,vely sniall single spines. iias never beeii reporte,d fr"om
ether Cliona speci.es. The t>,'pe III sph'as'te}Ts resemble a ]Dng.er version of type II
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42 Y, Ise and T. Fujita
spirasters, but no everlap in size between these two spiraster types was found, Oc- casional absence of spirasters within a given specimen has been previously re- ported in some other clionaid sponges (Thomas 1972; Vicente et aL 1991; Rosell and Uriz 1997; RUtzler 2oo2; Ise et al. 2004). Thus, the holotype and paratype should be considered conspecific, as is supported by the other characters, The taxonomy of clionaid sponges has been based traditionally on the mor- phology of spicules. This is not necessarily sufficient for distinguishing species in this group, because there are subgroups with similar spicule characters. We pro- pose to use the erosion pattern on the substratum as an additional taxonomic char- acter when spicules are ambiguous, as has recently been suggested by several other workers (RUtzler 1974; Bromley 1978; Rosell and Uriz 1997; Schbnberg 2000), More widespread use of a combination of morphological characters, including shape and size of the papillae, spicules, and choanosome, color of tissue in life, and shape and size of the excavation cavity, will improve our understanding of the tax- onomy of clionaid sponges.
Acknowledgements
We are gratefu1 to Dr. M. Mitsuhashi, Department of Zoology, National Science Museum, Tokyo, fbr collecting the described samples. Two anonymous referees improved the manuscript. This study was supported in part by a research fe11ow- ship fbr young scientists from the Japan Society fbr Promotion of Science (No. 06243) to the first author.
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