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JapaneseJapaneseSociety Society ofSystematicZoologyof Systematic Zoology Species Diversity, 2005, 10, 37-43 A New Species of the Boring Sponge Cliona (Porifera:Demospongiae: Clionaidae) from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan Yuji Ise' and Toshihiko Fujitai･2 i Department ofBiological Sciences, Graduate Schoot of Sctence, The U)iiversiCy of 7bltvo. 731 Hbngo, Bunltyo-ku, 7bdyo, II3-O033 tJtipan (71d/ailing address: Department ofZbology, Ardtional Mliseum, 3-23-1 Shiru'uku-ku, Science Hyakunin-cho, 7bkyo, 169-O073Jlipan) E-mait: [email protected],.ip 2 Department ofZbology, IVtitional Science Museum, 3-23-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku-ku, 7bkyo, 169-O073 Jlipan (Received 20 February 2004; Accepted 25 October 2004) A new boring sponge, Cliona reticutata sp. nov., is described from coral reefs of the Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan. This species differs from closely related taxa, such as C. oprica Pang, 1973, C. caribbaea Carter, lg82, C orientalis Thiele, 1900, and C tenuis Zea and Weil, 2003, primarily in its apparent inability to undergo papillary fusion and thus form incrustations on top of the excavated substratum, the lack of symbiotic dinophycaeans (zooxanthellae), and the unusually large size of the pits caused by cellular etching. A new type of thin, long and wavy spiraster ibund in the holotype is another distinctive character. The morphology of the substratum excavated by the sponge is also considered to be of diagnostic value. Thjs is the second species of the genus Cliona reported fr'om the Ryukyu lslands. Key Words; Ctiona reticutata, Clionaidae, Porifera, new species, Ryukyu Is- lands, Introduction Boring sponges of the genus Cliona Grant, 1826 are known for their ability to excavate calcareous substrates. Their taxonemy is well studied in the Mediter- ranean (e,g., Topsent 1900; Velz 1939; Rutzler 1973; Carballo et al. 1994; Rosell and Uriz 1997, 2002), the Caribbean Sea (Pang 1973; RUtzler 1974; Hoiman and Kielman 1992; Zea and Weil 2003), and the Indian Ocean (Annandale 1915; Thomas 1972, 1975, 1985; Vacelet et al, 1976; Calcinai et al, 2000), In a recent study, Schdnberg (2000) re- ported some new species and new records from the Great Barrier Reef Compared to about 80 species known from these areas, only four had been recorded from Japanese waters (Thiele 1898; Hoshino 1981) befbre Ise et aVs (2004) recent find of Cliona inconstans (Dendy, 1887) in lagoons of the Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan, Here we report a new species of the genus Cliona from the Ryukyu Islands. NII-Electronic Library Service JapaneseJapaneseSociety Society ofSystematicof Systematic Zoology 38 Y, Ise and T. Fujita Materials and Methods Two specimens were collected by wading. They were immediate!y fixed in bufft}red 10V) formaline-seawater and then preserved in 90[Yo ethanol. Observations are all based on the fixed material. Methods of investigation fbllow RUtzler (1978). Microscleres and erosion traces were observed using a scanning electron micro- scope (Hitachi: JSM 5200 LV). Measurements are given as means, with ranges in parentheses. Spicule measurements were obtained from 50 megascleres per sample and at least 10 microscleres per category, Maximum diameter ef erosion scars was measured based on 20 pits for each substratum, using pits positioned in the central part of the endolithic tissue. Spicular and morphological nomenclature fo11ows Boury-Esnault and RUtzler (1997). Both specimens have been deposited in the Na- tienal Science Museum, Tokyo (NSMT), Systematics Cliona reticulata sp. nov. (Figs 1-3) Material examined. Holotype: NSMT-Po-1135, Ingya, Miyako-jima Island, Ryukyu Islands, 2m depth, inside a lagoon, 21 November 1999, coll. M. Mitsuhashi. Paratype: NSMT-Po-1136, Amitori, Iriomotejima Island, Ryukyu Islands, 2m depth, inside a lagoon, 18 June 2000, coll. M. Mitsuhashi, Description of holotype. Excavating in dead branching coral (probably Acro- pora sp,) covered by calcareous algae. Alpha stage of growth only. Preserved papil- lae yellowish brown; no coler information from life. Papillae small, rQund to sub- circular, never protruding above substraturn surface (Fig. IA). Maximum diame- ter of papillae 1.4mm (1,1-2.0 mm, N=21). Papillary canals distinctive, up to 4.6 mm long. No symbiotic zooxanthellae. Preserved choanosome beige. Endolithic tissue starting 2.4-5.0mm below substratum surface, extending to 12.8mm deep within substratum (Fig, IB). Bioeroding damage resembling a honeycomb, permeating and etching the porous substratum rather than excavating distinctive chambers (Fig. IC, D). Remaining substratum very fragile, resembling cotton (Fig. IC). Sponge chip scars evident as conspicuous, polygonat, subcircular pits 82um (71-104"m) in diameter (Fig. IE), Skeletal arrangement. Tylostyles and three types of spirasters present. Ty- lostyles (Fig, IF, G) present in both papillae and choanosome, arranged in palisade in papillae with tips oriented outward. Shafts almost straight, sometimes slightly arched, thickest in mid-region, gradually tapering to sharp tip. Tyles spherical, ovoid, or droplet-shaped, with constricted neck (Fig. IG). Dimensions of tylostyles (in "m): length 265.5 (135.0-345.0), width 7.0 (2.5-10.5), tyle length 11.9 (6.0-17.5), tyle width 10.2 (6.0-13,5), neck width 5.2 (2,O-7.5). Spirasters present in choanosome, ab- sent in papillae. Type I spirasters (Fig. 2A) common, their axis long and slender with 2-5 bends bearing spiral rew of multisplit spines along convex sides of curva- ture. Type II spirasters (Fig, 2B) slender, shaft with 2-8 bends bearing moderate number of discrete spines mainly on convex side of axis. Type III spirasters (Fig. 2C-E) rare, delicate, long and wavy but sometimes with apical parts straight, usu- NII-Electronic Library Service JapaneseJapaneseSoclety Society ofSystematicof Systematic Zoology New (\iona i'rem the Ryukyu Islands 3,9 Fig, l. CSiona regtcktata sp. uov., hulatype'(NSMT-?o-1135). Al'Papllltke (arrews); B, choanesosne, with arrow$ Sndiicating the positions of papillue; C, excavation pat'temis, wit}, su'rows indicating the positignti of papilLa ca]iB]s; D, SEM photegraph uf excavatien pattemi; E, SEM photograph of spenge chip scars; F, ty]estyles; G, SEM plketugr'aph of tylcs or ty --2mm; losty]es, Seale hars: A B==10 mm; C=r50estm; Dw;2mrn; Et-50 pam; 1,' .-]aO "tp; (} =･ IO"m. ally with "S bends each bearing single hook-like spkne. Dimensions (jn sAm): spi- raster I, length 25.5 (24,3-26.8), wkdth (}.a (O,7--O.9); spiyaster li, length 24,3 (l9.6-31.">, width 1.2 (C}.8- 1,6); spiraster LII, langth 53.g (42.5- 70,O), width 1.e (O.g-1,2). Descriptlon of paratype, Excavating in dead branched coral (probably Ac}'o- pora sp,) cover"ed by caicaveous aigae. Preservect spong,e paie yellow; no calor inf'or･ mation from lifin, Maximum diameter ef papxxlae 6.6rnrn (O.2 2.0mm, N'. 20>. No symbiotic zooxanthellaG. Endolithic tlssue starting O.ir)' i.5marn below substratum NII-Electronic Library Service l･'JapaneseSocletyofJapanese Society of Systematic Zoology 40 Y. Ise anct T. I-'ujita vaS ge dv ew es#tw ' ' ' ' ifimcaewagww"g?' igbe" ' Xlv tstw " k ･/kas t' /../ee.eeIXg/es X es#'i#/va'egX Fig. 2. SEM photographs of three types of spirasters of Cliona reticulata sp. nov,, holotype 'I'ype (NSMT-Po-1135>. A, l' spii'asters; B, Type ll spirasters; C-D, type III spirasters, E, ty- Iestyle and type }fl $piraster (ttmrew). Scale bars: A-D=]IQ"m; E= iOOym. NII-Electronic Library Service JapaneseJapaneseSociety Society ofSystematicof Systematic Zoology New Cgi.ona hrem the Rvukvu Eslai)ds 41. ' Flg. i]. SEIN'{ phetographs o± spirasters o'f Ctiona e'eticiigata sp, nov.. paratype (NSIVIT-i'o-11:IG). Scale bar,'=;10I:in. surface, extending to 5.2min cteep within substi'atLxxn. Spoaxge ehip sca/t's E.)vi.dent as conspicuous, poly, goiial, subc;,rctiia,,r pit.s 88 ,g.{ni (72-]03 stin) i.n d.ianieter. Sketc･tag arrangen2ent. T}glic}styles and spirasters present, Tyl.estyles very. si'mi- to t.hose of 261,8 34C),O), width 5,7 lar helotyl')e.I>iniensi.ons<in ,can): l.ength (ltlO.O- -14.5). (LO-IO.5>, tyle length 10.1 <4.0-15.0). tyle width 9.3 (3,5 i'ieck wictth 4,3 <1,Q-9.0). Spirnsters (Il"isr, 3) pi'esent in chQa:osvrne, abseyit in papil.lac,L, very s'imita}' to Type I spiraster et' holotype, Dimensions 6n ,inn): Iengt]i 19.1 (8.YLt9.6), width O.8 (O.6･-D.9). Etym.ology. The sp{icific epithet (I,atin, reSic.ugati;s: retlciiSate) }-efbrs to tlke ap- pearance of the coral sttbstraturn excavated. by the t},pe specJtme.ns. Renittrks. Cltona reticitiesta k, si.inilur tu Cgierga orient"gis Thie.le, 19ee (senst.x SchOnbe,rg 2(}(}C), 21{M2), which is vL,i.ctely clistribxited itn the Tndo-XVest Pa.clfic, and Clionff co.rtbbaea ()urte.r. .1 882 Rtttzlctr (seresu 1974,Zea and Weil 2eOtjl, Cgion.cr.aprtca Pang. 1973, and Cgiona temiis Z6a and Weil, 2e03 in the Cari'bbean Sea. All five 'tiitiltisplit specles have long, slender spirasters with spj.nes. Our new species i.s etisi/ly cl/lstingu/lshed i'roTn ahe other species hy eoaor (beige ot' yeklow instead ot' brewr}ish green to b}acrkish), absenee ot' zooxanthellae, kiiorphology. of papillae tr"eund to sub-circulnr instead of lrre.ak2,la]+), ana lack ot' a tendency for the papillae to merge anct attain exxcrgsting growt}'i. Anothei' c.aisting'uisl'ii.ng feature is the large size of the erosion pits L'uvEsed b}r C. reticuinta, whieh are nearly {ioubEe t.he dlame- ter' of those/ macte b3, other Ciiorea specj'es T`epoy/btect to dute (Sch6nberg 2eeO>. The pits. caused by ceHular etehing, can be biggei" at, wei'l-est.abMshed plat':es of erosioik and mueh sinakler 2n ayeas of tissite extension (Sc})C)nberg' 2000): ]iowever, th(,i pits of C.
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  • Hadromerida, Clionaidae) from the Red Sea: a Taxonomical Challenge

    Hadromerida, Clionaidae) from the Red Sea: a Taxonomical Challenge

    Org Divers Evol (2010) 10:275–285 DOI 10.1007/s13127-010-0027-x ORIGINAL ARTICLE Two Pione species (Hadromerida, Clionaidae) from the Red Sea: a taxonomical challenge Filippo Ferrario & Barbara Calcinai & Dirk Erpenbeck & Paolo Galli & Gert Wörheide Received: 17 December 2009 /Accepted: 14 April 2010 /Published online: 24 June 2010 # Gesellschaft für Biologische Systematik 2010 Abstract Boring sponges of the genus Pione (Hadromerida, performed on spicules and micro-erosion patterns by Clionaidae) are easily recognizable due to their spiculation. means of both light and scanning electron microscopy. However, species identification is challenging, as the Two apparent morphotypes can be distinguished, mainly potentially diagnostic morphological character states of by the growth form, but statistical analysis does not different species often overlap. For this reason, this group support a clear separation in two species. In addition, a of species is frequently referred to as the ‘Pione vastifica DNA barcoding approach using sequences of CO1 has not complex’, after the most well-studied species of the genus. identified any nucleotide sequence differences. These data Boring-sponge samples were collected in the Red Sea and support the hypothesis that P. cf. lampa and P. cf. vastifica identified as P.cf.lampa and P.cf.vastifica, respectively. from the Red Sea are conspecific. So far, these two species names have usually been considered as valid, although some authors suggested Keywords Pione vastifica . Pione lampa . Boring sponges . them to be synonymous. Morphological analyses were Growth form . DNA barcoding : F. Ferrario P. Galli Introduction Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, The genus Pione belongs to the family Clionaidae, which Piazza della Scienza, 20126 Milano, Italy comprises the majority of excavating sponges.
  • Chemical and Mechanical Bioerosion of Boring Sponges from Mexican Pacific Coral Reefs

    Chemical and Mechanical Bioerosion of Boring Sponges from Mexican Pacific Coral Reefs

    2827 The Journal of Experimental Biology 211, 2827-2831 Published by The Company of Biologists 2008 doi:10.1242/jeb.019216 Chemical and mechanical bioerosion of boring sponges from Mexican Pacific coral reefs Héctor Nava1,2,* and José Luis Carballo1 1Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Avenida Joel Montes Camarena, s/n. apartado postal 811, 82000 Mazatlán, México and 2Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, ICML, UNAM, Mexico *Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) Accepted 7 July 2008 SUMMARY Species richness (S) and frequency of invasion (IF) by boring sponges on living colonies of Pocillopora spp. from National Park Isla Isabel (México, East Pacific Ocean) are presented. Twelve species belonging to the genera Aka, Cliona, Pione, Thoosa and Spheciospongia were found, and 56% of coral colonies were invaded by boring sponges, with Cliona vermifera Hancock 1867 being the most abundant species (30%). Carbonate dissolution rate and sediment production were quantified for C. vermifera and Cliona flavifodina Rützler 1974. Both species exhibited similar rates of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) dissolution (1.2±0.4 and –2 –1 –2 –1 0.5±0.2 kg CaCO3 m year , respectively, mean ± s.e.m.), and sediment production (3.3±0.6 and 4.6±0.5 kg CaCO3 m year ), –2 –1 resulting in mean bioerosion rates of 4.5±0.9 and 5.1±0.5 kg CaCO3 m year , respectively. These bioerosion rates are close to previous records of coral calcification per unit of area, suggesting that sponge bioerosion alone can promote disequilibrium in the reef accretion/destruction ratio in localities that are heavily invaded by boring sponges.

  • Marine Invertebrate Biodiversity from the Argentine Sea, South Western Atlantic

    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 791: 47–70Marine (2018) invertebrate biodiversity from the Argentine Sea, South Western Atlantic 47 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.791.22587 DATA PAPER http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Marine invertebrate biodiversity from the Argentine Sea, South Western Atlantic Gregorio Bigatti1,2,3, Javier Signorelli1 1 Laboratorio de Reproducción y Biología Integrativa de Invertebrados Marinos, (LARBIM) IBIOMAR-CO- NICET. Bvd. Brown 2915 (9120) Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina 2 Universidad Nacional de la Pata- gonia San Juan Bosco, Boulevard Brown 3051, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina 3 Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Ecuador Corresponding author: Javier Signorelli ([email protected]) Academic editor: P. Stoev | Received 13 December 2017 | Accepted 7 September 2018 | Published 22 October 2018 http://zoobank.org/ECB902DA-E542-413A-A403-6F797CF88366 Citation: Bigatti G, Signorelli J (2018) Marine invertebrate biodiversity from the Argentine Sea, South Western Atlantic. ZooKeys 791: 47–70. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.791.22587 Abstract The list of marine invertebrate biodiversity living in the southern tip of South America is compiled. In particular, the living invertebrate organisms, reported in the literature for the Argentine Sea, were checked and summarized covering more than 8,000 km of coastline and marine platform. After an exhaustive lit- erature review, the available information of two centuries of scientific contributions is summarized. Thus, almost 3,100 valid species are currently recognized as living in the Argentine Sea. Part of this dataset was uploaded to the OBIS database, as a product of the Census of Marine Life-NaGISA project.