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Knowledge Economy, Innovation and Growth in Europe ICEG European Center KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY, INNOVATION AND GROWTH IN EUROPE BUDAPEST, 2006 1 Knowledge Economy, Innovation and Growth in Europe ICEG European Center TABLE OF CONTENTS Editorial _______________________________________________________________________ 5 List of abbreviations _____________________________________________________________ 8 I. Asian Growth: Patterns and Challenges for Europe____________________ 10 John Bradley: Asia versus Eastern Europe: FDI, R&D investments and relocation of industry _______________________________________________________________________ 11 Introduction _________________________________________________________________ 11 Two crucial issues facing CEE economic strategists__________________________________ 11 The “Irish” development model __________________________________________________ 13 Lessons of relevance for Eastern Europe ___________________________________________ 14 Combining economic and business insights_________________________________________ 14 The role of public policy makers _________________________________________________ 15 Conclusions: catch-up strategies _________________________________________________ 17 Annaflavia Bianchi: Asian Growth: Patterns and Challenges for Europe ________________ 20 Introduction _________________________________________________________________ 20 China is the fastest growing Asian country _________________________________________ 21 What is new in Asian growth? ___________________________________________________ 23 Research policy ______________________________________________________________ 24 Which strategy for Europe in this context? _________________________________________ 27 EU-China cooperation in research ________________________________________________ 27 Concluding remarks ___________________________________________________________ 29 Peter Lovelock: The Chinese ICT Market – Innovation & Internationalisation ___________ 30 Chinese ICT Market Growth Drivers______________________________________________ 31 Development Directions________________________________________________________ 33 China’s Increasing Global ICT Market Share _______________________________________ 35 Nick von Tunzelmann: The new Asian growth dynamics: lessons for Europe _____________ 37 II. CEE Growth Patterns_____________________________________________ 42 Michal Mejstřík- Julie Chytilova: European Social Models and Growth: where are the Eastern European countries heading for? __________________________________________________ 43 A Brief History of the European Social Model ______________________________________ 43 The European Social “(sub-)Models” _____________________________________________ 46 European Social Model and the New EU Member States ______________________________ 50 Paolo Garonna: What is new about New Europe’s view of the Future of Europe __________ 54 2 Knowledge Economy, Innovation and Growth in Europe ICEG European Center 1. A most relevant question for the future of Europe__________________________________ 54 2. The Original Sin of New Europe._______________________________________________ 54 3. Structural vulnerabilities and sustainability_______________________________________ 55 4. The New Europe Perspective on the future of Europe_______________________________ 56 5. Promoting liberalisation, market competition and economic reforms. __________________ 56 6. Searching for a new European social model. ______________________________________ 57 7. Openness to Trans-Atlantic and Pan-European cooperation __________________________ 58 8. Vision of a wider and more open Europe. ________________________________________ 59 9. Conclusions: the challenges ahead. _____________________________________________ 59 Thomas Laursen: Growth in Central Europe and the Baltic States: Recent Trends and Prospects ______________________________________________________________________ 67 Introduction _________________________________________________________________ 67 EU8 Cross-Country Analysis of Output Growth _____________________________________ 67 Poland Case Study: Output Growth at the Sector Level _______________________________ 78 Conclusions and Policy Recommendations _________________________________________ 83 Daniela Gressani: Upgrading higher education in the New Member States _______________ 86 III. Knowledge Economy in the NMS___________________________________ 88 Itzhak Goldberg and John Gabriel Goddard: Commercial innovation in post-transition economies _____________________________________________________________________ 89 Marc Bogdanowicz: Three Framing Conditions for eServices. How much do they apply to Eastern European Member States? ________________________________________________ 96 Introduction _________________________________________________________________ 96 The Information Society take-up in Eastern European Member States (EEMS)_____________ 96 The role of Innovation in the deployment phase _____________________________________ 98 The prospective dilemma of AmI versus Web2.0 applications __________________________ 99 Pál Gáspár: eGovernment in the EU-8: Recent Developments and the Policy Challenges __ 101 Introduction: Some benefits of eGovernment ______________________________________ 101 The recent developments in eGovernment in the EU-10 ______________________________ 102 The major achievements and shortcomings of eGovernment developments in the EU-10 ____ 106 Major drivers and barriers of eGovernment in the EU-10 _____________________________ 108 Open Policy Issues and Priorities of eGovernment in the EU-10 _______________________ 110 Open research Challenges _____________________________________________________ 112 Angela Dunbar, Niels Rossing: Health System Transformation - eHealth Opportunities ___ 113 Introduction ________________________________________________________________ 113 The Resolution ______________________________________________________________ 113 3 Knowledge Economy, Innovation and Growth in Europe ICEG European Center eHealth in the Health System Context ____________________________________________ 113 eHealth across the European Region _____________________________________________ 114 Basic Principles _____________________________________________________________ 116 Key Messages_______________________________________________________________ 117 Pál Gáspár: eHealth in the EU-8: developments and challenges _______________________ 118 Basic features of the health care sectors in the EU-8_________________________________ 118 Major factors affecting the evolution of the health care sectors ________________________ 121 Major challenges facing the health care sector in the EU-8____________________________ 123 The evolution of eHealth ______________________________________________________ 123 Obstacles in front of eHealth ___________________________________________________ 124 The potential contribution of eHealth to growth and health care services_________________ 125 Annex I: Short CVs of the Authors _______________________________________________ 127 Annex II: Programme of the Workshop ___________________________________________ 131 4 Knowledge Economy, Innovation and Growth in Europe ICEG European Center 1 EDITORIAL ICEG European Center and the Institute of Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS, DG Joint Research Centre, European Commission), with the help of experts from IMF and the World Bank, co-organised a workshop on “Europe towards eServices, Innovation and Growth” at the Krynica International Economic Forum in September 2006. The workshop consisted of ten panels aimed at better understanding and identifying Knowledge Society strategies for the European countries that would support their economic and social development. In particular, the panels addressed the question of the development trajectories of the New Member States and Candidate Countries towards the Knowledge Society, taking into account both their present specificities and the changing global context. The key object of the panels was to reach some useful guidelines to enrich future orientations in research and political strategies at national and European level, with special attention to the role played by info-communication technologies. The ten panels were organized around the topics of growth, innovation and services having a strong focus on Europe. The major questions discussed at the panels included the following: I. EUROPE TOWARDS GROWTH? 1. What are the prospects of the European Knowledge-based Society in a globalised society? 2. How can Europe improve its competitive edge whilst maintaining its specificity? 3. What are the visions for Europe's future growth? II. EUROPE TOWARDS INNOVATION? 1. What technologies will be needed to support industrial change? 2. What are the general ICT trends? Where will the next paradigm shifts occur? 3. What are the visions for Europe's future innovation capacities? III. EUROPE TOWARDS A SERVICE ECONOMY? 1. How far has Europe progressed towards the Information Society and the Knowledge Society? 2. What type of applications will European citizens demand? 3. What are future successful IST strategies? The aim of this eBook is to summarise – shortly after the event – the main findings of the presentations as twelve out of forty presenters sum up their findings and messages. The eBook is divided to three major chapters. The first chapter on “Asian Growth: patterns and Challenges for Europe” tries to highlight some of the ICT related factors of the