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Journal of the International Palm Society Vol. 62(4) Dec. 2018 the INTERNATIONAL PALM SOCIETY, INC

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Journal of the International Palm Society Vol. 62(4) Dec. 2018 the INTERNATIONAL PALM SOCIETY, INC Palms Journal of the International Palm Society Vol. 62(4) Dec. 2018 THE INTERNATIONAL PALM SOCIETY, INC. The International Palm Society Palms (formerly PRINCIPES) Journal of The International Palm Society Founder: Dent Smith The International Palm Society is a nonprofit corporation An illustrated, peer-reviewed quarterly devoted to engaged in the study of palms. The society is inter- information about palms and published in March, national in scope with worldwide membership, and the June, September and December by The International formation of regional or local chapters affiliated with the Palm Society Inc., 56 Autumn Oaks Drive, The Hills, international society is encouraged. Please address all Texas 78738 USA. inquiries regarding membership or information about Editors: John Dransfield, Herbarium, Royal Botanic the society to The International Palm Society Inc., The Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE United International Palm Society Inc., 56 Autumn Oaks Drive, Kingdom, e-mail [email protected]. The Hills, Texas 78738 USA, or by e-mail to Scott Zona, 910 SW 27 Place, Boynton Beach, [email protected], fax 512-607-6468. Florida 33435 USA, e-mail [email protected]. OFFICERS: Associate Editor: William J. Baker, Herbarium, President: Ray Hernandez, 4315 W. San Juan Street, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 Tampa, Florida 33629 USA, e-mail 3AE United Kingdom, e-mail [email protected]. [email protected], tel. 1-813-832-3561. Guidelines for authors are available on request from Vice-Presidents: Jeff Brusseau, 1030 Heather Dr., Vista, the Editors, or on-line at: California 92084 USA, e-mail www.palms.org/palms_author_guidelines.cfm [email protected], tel. 1-760-271-8003. Julie Cleaver-Malzoni, Av. Paulista 66. Apto. 71, Bela Annual membership dues are US$55.00 for Vista, São Paulo, SP, 01310-100, Brazil, e-mail Individuals (or US$150 for three years) and include a [email protected], tel. 55-11-99-601-1677. subscription to the Journal. Donor memberships are US$500 per year. Individual Lifetime memberships Corresponding Secretary: Toby Spanner, Tizianstrasse are available for a one-time fee of US$1000. 44, D-80638 München, Germany, e-mail Benefactor memberships require a one-time payment [email protected], tel. 49-172-630-7778. of US$2500. Subscription price is US$55.00 per year Administrative Secretary: Larry Noblick, for libraries and institutions. Dues include mailing of Montgomery Botanical Center, 11901 Old Cutler Road, the Journal by airlift service to addresses outside the Miami, Florida 33156 USA, e-mail USA. Dues may be paid on-line at www.palms.org. [email protected], tel. 1-305-667-3800 Change of Address: Send change of address, ex 104. phone number or e-mail to The International Palm Treasurer: Tom Jackson, P.O. Box 1102, Ross, California Society Inc., The International Palm Society Inc., 56 94957 USA, e-mail [email protected], Autumn Oaks Drive, The Hills, Texas 78738 USA., or tel. 1-415-923-3299. by e-mail to [email protected]. Directors: 2016–2020 : Robert Blenker, Florida; Jeff Claims for Missing Issues: Claims for issues not Brusseau, California; John DeMott, Florida; Gregg received in the USA should be made within three Hamann, California; Haresh, India; Susan Hubbell, months of the mailing date; claims for issues outside Florida; Tom Jackson, California; Leland Lai, California; the USA should be made within six months of the Michael Merritt, Hawaii; Romeo Montalvo, Texas; Larry mailing date. Noblick, Florida; Lazaro Priegues, Florida; Michael Smukall, Florida; Grant Stephenson, Texas; Michael Periodical postage paid at Austin, TX, USA and Valentine, Colorado; Scott Zona, Florida. 2018–2022 : additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Send address Cindy Adair, Puerto Rico; Norm Bezona, Hawaii; Faith changes to The International Palm Society Inc., Bishock, Florida; Julie Cleaver Malzoni, Brazil; John The International Palm Society Inc., 56 Autumn Oaks Dransfield, United Kingdom; Len Geiger, California; Ray Drive, The Hills, Texas 78738 USA. Hernandez, Florida; Horace Hobbs, Texas; Andrew Hurwitz, California; Chad Husby, Florida; Francisco PALMS (ISSN 1523-4495) (Paco) Martí Navarro, Spain; Don Martin, California; Jill Mailed at Lawrence, Kansas 14 Dec. 2018 Menzel, Brazil; Fernando Roca, Peru; Tobias W. Spanner, © 2018 The International Palm Society Germany; Andrew Street, Florida; David Tanswell, Australia. The full text of PALMS is available on EBSCO Publishing’s database. Bookstore: www.palms.org Chapters: See www.palms.org This publication is printed on acid-free paper. Website: www.palms.org PALMS Vol. 62(4) 2018 CONTENTS Livistona australis in 19 th Century Features 161 Europe, a Horticultural VIP J.L. D OWE & B.O. S CHLUMPBERGER Palm News 160 Palm Literature 173 Nypa fruticans in the Western 175 Atlantic: Potential for Index to Volume 62 202 Recolonization Message from the L.R. N OBLICK , J.M. T UCKER LIMA & I.R. V ALDES President 205 Canary Island Date Palms ( Phoenix Ownership Statement 206 185 canariensis ) in Australia: Introduction and Early Dispersal Patrons of the IPS 207 D.H.R. S PENNEMANN FRONT COVER Who does not recognize the Livistona australis , Mt. Keira, Illawarra, New South Wales. September distinctive pattern of leaf scars on 2017. See article by J.L. Dowe & B.O. Schlumpberger, p. 167. Photo by the trunk of Phoenix canariensis ? J.L. Dowe. It is one of the most widely BACK COVER cultivated ornamental palms in the world. See article by D.H.R. Nypa fruticans inflorescence with the central female head surrounded by Spennemann, p. 185. Photo by fresh male spikes. See article by L. Noblick et al., p. 118. S. Zona. 159 PALMS Vol. 62(4) 2018 PALM NEWS We extend our hearty congratulations to the Townsville Palmetum, which celebrated its thirtieth anniversary . The Townsville City Council marked the milestone on September 23 rd with a program of events, music, displays from local gardening clubs, healthy living cooking workshops, and short talks by local gardening gurus. Historical imagines of the garden sent locals on a trip down memory lane with many recalling fond memories of when the garden was grassland and they went swimming in the local creek. The Palmetum’s magnificent savannah palms created a stunning backdrop for displays by local artists and craft groups. Parents relaxed under the leaves of the Attalea palms, whilst the children enjoyed a story time or climbed aboard the train to trek around the xerophyte gardens. For palm enthusiasts it was a day to reconnect Rosemary Lovatt with old friends and celebrate the contribution made by the late Robert Tucker. The event was supported by the Queensland Government and was truly about the community discovering one of Australia’s most unique botanic gardens. The island of Hawaii is slowly recovering from the volcanic eruptions earlier this year that devastated many palm-rich gardens and nurseries. Attendees of the Hawaiian Biennial in 2004 will remember the amazing collection of palms originally started by the legendary Pauleen Sullivan and later developed into an eco-resort by Mark Frost. That collection is now buried under lava. IPS member Kimberley Cyr, who lives and gardens in Leilani Estates, ground zero for much of the devastation, provided us with some first-hand perspective on what she calls the “New Normal.” She wrote: It’s an experience that tears you in two directions, with awe and wonder at the powerful force of the earth’s interior, but sadness for homes lost, people displaced, and unique natural features consumed under 15 or more meters of solid, Bo-Göran Lundkvist black lava rock. Like all palm growers, Kim is an optimist. She ended her account on a hopeful note: Plants are amazingly resilient. Despite more than 100 days of exposure to sulfur dioxide and frequent acid rain, many palms and plants that escaped the flow itself remained quite healthy. Of course, some could not withstand the onslaught, rainforest palms and smaller palms, especially. But what a surprise to see Mauritiella armata , which grew within 200 meters of the main lava fissure and had become a dried husk, pushing out new, green leaves only one month after the flow halted.” 160 PALM S Dowe & Schlumpberger: Livistona australis Vol. 62(4) 2018 Livistona JOHN LESLIE DOWE Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook australis in University, Smithfield, Qld 4878, Australia 19 th Century [email protected] AND Europe, a BORIS O. S CHLUMPBERGER Herrenhäuser Gärten, Herrenhäuser Str. 4, 30419 Horticultural Hannover, Germany boris.schlumpberger@ VIP hannover-stadt.de During the nineteenth century, the Australian Cabbage Palm, Livistona australis (R.Br.) Mart., became a feature in many gardens and collections in Europe. In colder regions, the palm thrived in glasshouses and conservatories, whilst it was grown outdoors in warmer locations around the Mediterranean. Its attraction was its cold-hardiness and as a symbol of the exotic. Nineteenth-century horticultural journals were examined for primary sources of information to illuminate the history of the species in Europe. By the early nineteenth century in Europe, an The development of tropical plant collections interest in the cultivation of tropical plants was made possible by technical advances in was firmly established. Palms were among the the design and construction of heated most sought-after plants, and assembling of glasshouses. These enabled many tropical and palm collections was seen as evidence of warm climate plants to be cultivated in some horticultural excellence as well as expressing of the coldest locations in Europe (Kohlmaier nationalistic achievement and pride. The & Sartory 1991). Construction was primarily collections ranged from a few species to many of iron and glass, and heating was provided by hundreds, depending on the personal interests steam, generated by coal and coke, conducted of curators and directors, as well as the ability through piping. Along with sophisticated to acquire and then maintain the plants.
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